CN105043263B - Displacement detection system and displacement detecting method for railway equipment - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a displacement detection system and a displacement detection method for railway equipment, including a photoelectric transmitting and receiving device and at least one reflecting device. The photoelectric transmitting and receiving device includes a main control unit, a laser, a position sensitive element, a reflecting device, a laser and a position sensitive element The number is equal and each reflecting device corresponds to a laser and a position sensitive element. The laser is configured so that its emitted laser light can be irradiated on its corresponding reflecting device, and the position sensitive element is installed to be able to receive the reflection reflected by its corresponding reflecting device. The laser, the main control circuit is configured to control the emission of the laser and receive the displacement signal from the position sensitive element and process the displacement signal to generate the displacement detection result of the reflecting device relative to the photoelectric transmitting and receiving device; the reflecting device is composed of a rectangular prism and Mounted so that its beveled edge is in the direction of the displacement to be detected. The invention simplifies the measurement process, shortens the monitoring period, realizes real-time monitoring and reduces errors.

Description

Displacement detection system and displacement detection method for railway equipment

technical field

The invention belongs to the field of railway equipment safety, and in particular relates to line displacement monitoring, in particular to a displacement detection system and a displacement detection method for railway equipment.

Background technique

The operational safety of rail transit has high requirements on the service state of the line. The displacement of the line will pose a great threat to the safety of train operation. However, high-speed railway lines are affected by train operation and natural factors during operation, and are prone to displacement and deformation, such as subgrade settlement, line frost heaving in alpine regions, and track slab displacement. Since my country's high-speed railways mostly use ballastless tracks, when the line is deformed, it can only be adjusted through fasteners, and the adjustment range is very limited. When the displacement and deformation of the line are large, it will seriously endanger the safety of train operation, so it is necessary to monitor the displacement and deformation of the line. For urban rail transit lines, due to the long and narrow structure of the subway tunnel, low rigidity, shallow buried layer, and long-term high-speed operation of subway trains, settlement is prone to occur and cause local deformation of the tunnel. Therefore, the settlement of the subway tunnel affects the safety of train operation, and the settlement must be effectively monitored.

At present, the research on the displacement and deformation of high-speed railway lines mainly focuses on the monitoring of subgrade settlement. The traditional monitoring method is usually to set observation piles on the line, use a total station to measure the position of the observation piles, and calculate the settlement of the line based on the CP III precise control network. This method has high measurement accuracy, but the measurement workload is heavy, the process is relatively complicated, and the monitoring cycle is usually long, making it difficult to achieve real-time monitoring. In order to find problems in the first time, real-time monitoring of line displacement is necessary.

Subgrade settlement is only one factor causing line displacement. Under the long-term high-speed operation of trains, the track slab will undergo lateral and longitudinal plastic deformation and displacement. When the displacement is large, it will also affect the operation safety of the train. At present, there is no online monitoring system specifically for the displacement of track slabs.

For subway lines, the existing subway tunnel settlement detection is mainly through setting monitoring points between the two rails of the track bed, generally setting a point every 50-60m, and intensifying in sections with poor geological conditions or rich groundwater. On both sides of the interval, the settlement of the monitoring point is measured by the level instrument. There are many monitoring points for tunnel settlement, the light in the tunnel is dark, there are many measuring points, and the refraction is large. Therefore, the traditional measurement method is time-consuming and laborious to measure the settlement, and the measurement error is also large. The measurement period is long, and it is difficult to realize automatic measurement, which is not conducive to the analysis of the tunnel. of subsidence.

Therefore, the existing problems in the prior art include: the workload of the measurement implementation is heavy, the process is relatively complicated, the monitoring cycle is usually long, it is difficult to realize real-time monitoring, and the measurement error is also relatively large, so as to realize automatic measurement, which is not conducive to the analysis of the settlement of the tunnel .

Contents of the invention

The present invention has been proposed in order to solve one or more problems in the prior art.

According to one aspect of the present invention, a displacement detection system for railway equipment is provided, the system includes a photoelectric transmitting and receiving device and at least one reflecting device, and the photoelectric transmitting and receiving device includes a main control unit, at least one laser, at least one The position sensitive element, wherein the number of the at least one reflective device, the at least one laser and the at least one position sensitive element is equal and each reflective device corresponds to a laser and a position sensitive element, and the laser is configured such that The emitted laser light can be irradiated on the corresponding reflection device, the position sensitive element is installed to be able to receive the laser light reflected by the corresponding reflection device, and the main control circuit is configured to control the laser Transmitting and receiving displacement signals from the position sensitive element and processing the displacement signals to generate a displacement detection result of the reflection device relative to the photoelectric transmitting and receiving device; the reflection device is composed of a right-angle prism, the The reflecting device is mounted so that its oblique edge is along the direction of the displacement to be detected.

Further, the displacement detection system is used to detect the base plate of the railway, and the base plate column is vertically installed on the base plate, and the reflection device is installed on the base plate column.

Further, the photoelectric transmitting and receiving device is installed on a reference column, and the reference column is fixed to the foundation at a depth sufficient to prevent displacement of the reference column.

Further, the displacement detection system is used to detect the displacement of the base plate along the vertical direction and along the extension direction of the railway rail, wherein the displacement detection system includes a first reflection device and a second reflection device and the first reflection device The first laser and the first position sensitive element corresponding to a reflection device and the second laser and the second position sensitive element corresponding to the second reflection device, wherein the first reflection device is installed so that its oblique edge In the vertical direction, the second reflecting device is installed so that its oblique edge is along the extending direction of the rail.

Further, the photoelectric transmitting and receiving device is installed on the reference column through a graduated translation stage, and the photoelectric transmitting and receiving device can move relative to the reference column along the direction of displacement to be measured.

Further, the reflection device is connected to the base plate column through a universal platform, and the universal platform can adjust the attitude of the reflection device.

According to another aspect of the present invention, a displacement detection system for railway equipment is provided, the system includes N photoelectric transmitting and receiving devices A1～AN and N reflecting devices B1～BN, each of the photoelectric transmitting and receiving devices It includes a laser, a position sensitive element and a main control unit, wherein: the first photoelectric transmitting and receiving device A1 is installed on the platform as a reference point, and N measuring points T1 to TN are set at intervals along the direction of the railway track extension, and the photoelectric transmitting and receiving device A2～AN are respectively installed at the measurement points T1～TN-1, and the reflection devices B1～BN are respectively installed at the measurement points T1～TN, wherein, 1<=i<=N, the i-th photoelectric The laser of the transmitting and receiving device Ai is configured such that the emitted laser light is irradiated on the i-th reflecting device Bi, and the position sensitive element of the i-th photoelectric transmitting and receiving device Ai is installed to be able to receive the laser light reflected by the reflecting device Bi , the main control circuit of the ith photoelectric transmitting and receiving device Ai is configured to control the emission of its laser and receive the displacement signal from its position sensitive element and process the displacement signal to generate the ith measurement point Ti relative to the The detection result of the displacement of the measuring point where the photoelectric transmitting and receiving device Ai is located; the reflecting device is composed of a rectangular prism, and the reflecting device is installed so that its oblique edge is along the displacement direction to be detected.

Further, the displacement detection system is used to detect the base plate along the railway, and the first to N photoelectric transmitting and receiving devices A1-N are installed on the base plate; or the displacement detection system is used to detect the tunnel along the railway , the first to N photoelectric transmitting and receiving devices A1 to N are installed on the tunnel wall.

According to another aspect of the present invention, a displacement detection method for railway equipment is provided, characterized in that it includes the following steps:

S1: installing at least one reflecting device composed of a right-angle prism, so that the inclined edge of each reflecting device is arranged along the direction of the displacement to be detected;

S2: Configure a photoelectric transmitting and receiving device, the photoelectric transmitting and receiving device includes a main control unit, at least one laser, and at least one position sensitive element, wherein the at least one reflecting device, the at least one laser and the at least one position sensitive The number of elements is set to be equal and each reflector corresponds to a laser and a position sensitive element;

S3: configure the laser to emit laser under the control of the main control circuit so that the laser can be irradiated on the corresponding reflection device, and configure the position sensitive element to receive the corresponding Laser light reflected by the reflector;

S4: Configuring the main control circuit to receive a displacement signal from the position sensitive element and process the displacement signal to generate a displacement detection result of the reflecting device relative to the photoelectric transmitting and receiving device.

Further, the step S3 includes the following steps:

A1: Use the laser discharger temporarily installed on the photoelectric transmitting and receiving device to release the horizontal and vertical laser lines as the installation reference line, and adjust the fixing bolts to ensure that the photoelectric transmitting and receiving device is in the vertical direction, And ensure the laser level emitted by the photoelectric transmitting and receiving device, wherein the fixing bolt is used to movably install the photoelectric transmitting and receiving device on the reference column;

A2: First use black tape to cover the upper half of the prism of the reflection device, so that the photoelectric transmitting and receiving device emits laser beams, wherein the light transmitted through the inside of the prism is blocked, and only the light directly reflected by the surface of the prism The light is reflected back to the photoelectric transmitting and receiving device, and then the pitch and rotation angle of the reflecting device are adjusted through the pan/tilt, so that the reflected light coincides with the emitted light, ensuring that the surface of the prism is perpendicular to the emitting optics, and the pan/tilt is used for The measuring device is movably mounted on the base plate column;

A3: Remove the black tape on the prism, adjust the inclination angle of the reflection device, so that the light propagating through the inside of the prism is irradiated on the position sensitive element, so that the hypotenuse surface of the prism is aligned with the vertical direction coincide.

Through the present invention provided above, beneficial technical effects superior to the prior art are achieved, such as: reducing the measurement implementation workload, simplifying the measurement process, shortening the monitoring period, realizing real-time monitoring, reducing measurement errors, and realizing The automatic measurement is carried out to facilitate the analysis of the settlement of the tunnel.

Description of drawings

In order to enable those skilled in the art to clearly understand the present invention and implement the present invention, the drawings constituting a part of the description are provided, but it cannot be understood that all the features shown in the drawings are necessary to realize the technical effects of the application. The scope of the application is not limited by the accompanying drawings, but the scope of the application is defined by the appended claims.

Figure 1 shows the principle of line displacement measurement in a single direction.

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram according to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein the arrangement of the vertical line displacement monitoring device is shown.

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram according to another embodiment of the present invention, showing the arrangement of the line displacement monitoring device along the longitudinal direction of the rail.

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram according to yet another embodiment of the present invention, realizing the equipment arrangement for displacement monitoring of a subway tunnel.

Fig. 5 shows a schematic diagram of attitude adjustment of the reflection device.

Detailed ways

Exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. These exemplary embodiments are provided to enable those of ordinary skill in the art to clearly understand the present invention and, based on the description herein, to implement the present invention. The drawings and specific examples are not intended to limit the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims.

Firstly, the measurement principle used in this application to measure displacement is introduced. Figure 1 shows the principle of line displacement measurement in a single direction. FIG. 1 shows a reflection device 2 , a photoelectric transmitting and receiving device 1 and a data transmission device 3 arranged corresponding to the reflection device 2 . The reflecting device 2 may be a rectangular prism. The photoelectric transmitting and receiving device 1 may include a laser 11 , a position sensitive device (PSD) 12 and a main control device 13 . The laser 11 can emit laser light under the control of the main control circuit 13 . The reflection device 2 and the photoelectric transmitting and receiving device 1 are arranged in a matching manner, so that the laser light emitted by the laser 11 can be irradiated on the reflection device 2 and reflected on the position sensitive device (PSD) 12 through the reflection device 2, and the PSD outputs The signal is sent to the main control circuit 13, and the main control circuit is connected with the data transmission device 3, and can transmit the measurement results to the data center. In this way, the displacement of the object on which the reflecting device 2 is mounted along the direction of the hypotenuse of the rectangular prism can be measured.

According to one aspect of the present invention, a displacement detection system for railway equipment is provided, and the system may include a photoelectric transmitting and receiving device and one or more reflecting devices. The photoelectric transmitting and receiving device may include a main control unit, one or more lasers, and one or more position sensitive elements. Here, the number of reflective devices, lasers and position sensitive elements is equal. Generally, each reflective device may correspond to A laser and a position sensitive element. The laser can be configured so that the laser emitted by it can be irradiated on the corresponding reflecting device, the position sensitive element is installed to be able to receive the laser reflected by the corresponding reflecting device, and the main control The circuit is configured to control the emission of the laser, receive a displacement signal from the position sensitive element and process the displacement signal to generate a detection result of the displacement of the reflecting device relative to the photoelectric transmitting and receiving device. The reflecting means may consist of a rectangular prism mounted with its hypotenuse in the direction in which the displacement is to be detected.

Referring to FIG. 2 , FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram according to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein the arrangement of vertical line displacement monitoring devices is shown. In this embodiment, the reflecting device 2 is a rectangular prism placed vertically. In this embodiment, the displacement detection system is used to detect the base plate 102 of the railway, the base plate column 4 is vertically installed on the base plate 102, and the reflection device is installed on the base plate column 4 .

It can also be seen from FIG. 2 that the photoelectric transmitting and receiving device 1 is installed on a reference column 101 , and the reference column 101 is fixed to the foundation, and the fixing depth needs to be sufficient to prevent the reference column 101 from shifting.

The reflector 2 and the photoelectric receiving device 1 are relatively installed so that the laser light emitted by the laser 11 in the photoelectric receiving device 1 is irradiated on the surface where the hypotenuse of the reflecting device 2 is located, and the reflecting device 2 reflects the The laser light and, in turn, the reflected laser light impinge on the position sensitive device (PSD) 12 (see FIGS. 1 and 2 ).

After the PSD output signal is processed by the main control circuit 13, the position where the laser light is irradiated on the PSD can be detected. Specifically, when the reflection device 2 is displaced vertically, the reflection device falls to the position shown by the dotted line in Figure 1, and the reflected laser line will change (as shown by the dotted line arrow in Figure 1), so that the reflected laser irradiates on the PSD The position on the . The main control circuit can calculate the longitudinal displacement of the line according to the change of PSD output. However, when the line is displaced longitudinally (along the line direction), the reflected light path does not change and does not cause changes in the measurement results. Similarly, when the line is displaced laterally, the position where the reflected light hits the PSD is also unchanged. The main control circuit is connected with the data transmission device 3, and can transmit the measurement results to the data center. In this embodiment, the data transmission device is a 3G wireless router, which can connect to the Internet, so as to send data to any server on the Internet.

Ideally, the displacement in the vertical direction of the line is amplified twice by the optical path. Assuming that the vertical displacement of the line is x, the position of the reflected light moves 2x on the PSD, so that the measurement accuracy of the line displacement can be improved.

Usually, on the high-speed railway line, there is a CP III column every 50m or so, and the photoelectric transmitting and receiving device and the reflecting device can be installed at appropriate intervals according to the needs, so as to realize the vertical displacement monitoring of the entire line.

Preferably, the displacement detection system according to the present invention can be used to detect the displacement of the base plate 102 in the vertical direction (vertical direction, see FIG. 2 ) and along the railway track extension direction (longitudinal direction, FIG. 3 ), FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram according to another embodiment of the present invention, showing the arrangement of the line displacement monitoring device along the longitudinal direction of the rail. The displacement detection system includes a first reflection device and a second reflection device, a first laser corresponding to the first reflection device and a first position sensitive element, and a second laser and a second reflection device corresponding to the second reflection device. Position Sensitive Elements. In this embodiment, the first reflecting device is installed with its oblique edge along the vertical direction, and the second reflecting device is installed with its oblique edge along the rail extending direction. In this way, by installing two reflection devices and their corresponding lasers and position sensitive elements, the measurement of the displacement of the object along two directions can be realized.

Preferably, the photoelectric transmitting and receiving device can be installed on the reference column through a displacement platform with scales, and the photoelectric transmitting and receiving device can move relative to the reference column along the direction of the displacement to be measured.

Optionally, in one embodiment of the present invention, the photoelectric transmitting and receiving device 1 is connected to the CP III column 101 through a vertical displacement platform with precise scales, so that the photoelectric transmitting and receiving device 1 can be precisely positioned in the vertical direction. move. Adjusting the position of the photoelectric transmitting and receiving device can conveniently realize the calibration of the detection system.

Due to the influence of device processing errors, installation errors, etc., the optical path of the detection system cannot be consistent with the ideal state, so the detection system needs to be calibrated. Adjusting the device downward for a certain displacement is equivalent to moving the measuring device upward for the same displacement, so by adjusting the position of the photoelectric transmitting and receiving device, the line displacement can be simulated for calibration.

In addition, adjusting the position of the photoelectric transmitting and receiving device can also expand the measuring range of the detection system. The measurement range of the detection system is limited by the length of the PSD. When the line displacement exceeds the detection range of the system, the reflected laser beam will irradiate outside the PSD. At this time, the position of the photoelectric transmitting and receiving device can be adjusted to make the reflected laser beam re-irradiate to the center of the PSD. And record the adjustment amount x of the displacement platform, and set upward adjustment as positive. The adjusted measurement value can be corrected by the adjustment amount. Assuming that the adjusted measured value is w, the actual line displacement is w+x.

Preferably, due to the low machining accuracy of the base plate 102, the strict level cannot usually be guaranteed, and the reflection device 2 and the base plate column 4 are connected through a universal pan-tilt, and the universal pan-tilt can adjust all attitude of the reflector. In this way, the attitude of the reflecting device 2 can be adjusted to ensure that the measuring device can be vertical. When the attitude is adjusted to meet the requirements, the universal gimbal can be fixed.

According to another aspect of the present invention, a displacement detection system for railway equipment is provided. Referring to FIG. 4 , it shows a schematic diagram according to another embodiment of the present invention, which implements the equipment arrangement for displacement monitoring of subway tunnels. The system includes N photoelectric transmitting and receiving devices A1～AN and N reflecting devices B1～BN, each of which includes a laser, a position sensitive element and a main control unit, wherein: the first photoelectric transmitting and receiving device A1 Installed on the platform as a reference point, N measuring points T1-TN are set at intervals along the extension direction of the railway track, the photoelectric transmitting and receiving devices A2-AN are respectively installed at the measuring points T1-TN-1, and the reflecting device B1-BN are respectively installed at the measurement points T1-TN. Assuming that i is an integer, 1<=i<=N, the laser of the i-th photoelectric transmitting and receiving device Ai is configured to irradiate the emitted laser light on the i-th reflecting device Bi, and the i-th photoelectric transmitting and receiving device Ai The position sensitive element of is installed to be able to receive the laser light reflected by the reflection device Bi, the main control circuit of the i-th photoelectric transmitting and receiving device Ai is configured to control the emission of its laser and receive the displacement signal from its position sensitive element and The displacement signal is processed to generate a detection result of the displacement of the i-th measurement point Ti relative to the measurement point where the photoelectric transmitting and receiving device Ai is located. In this embodiment, the reflecting means is also formed by a rectangular prism, and the reflecting means is installed with its hypotenuse along the displacement direction to be detected.

Preferably, the displacement detection system can be used to detect the base plate along the railway, and the first to N photoelectric transmitting and receiving devices A1 to N can be installed on the base plate. Alternatively, the displacement detection system can also be used to detect tunnels along the railway line. In this case, the 1st to Nth photoelectric transmitting and receiving devices A1-N can be installed on the tunnel wall.

According to another aspect of the present invention, a displacement detection method for railway equipment is provided, the method comprising the following steps:

(S1) installing one or more reflectors made of right-angle prisms, so that the hypotenuse of each reflector is arranged along the direction where the displacement to be detected is located;

(S2) Configure a photoelectric transmitting and receiving device, the photoelectric transmitting and receiving device includes a main control unit, one or more lasers, and one or more position sensitive elements, wherein the reflective device, the laser and the position sensitive elements are arranged in equal numbers, each Each reflection device corresponds to a laser and a position sensitive element;

(S3) Configure the laser so that it emits laser light under the control of the main control circuit, and the laser light can be irradiated on the corresponding reflection device; configure the position sensitive element so that it can receive the corresponding The laser light reflected by the reflecting device;

(S4) Configuring the main control circuit to receive a displacement signal from the position sensitive element and process the displacement signal to generate a displacement detection result of the reflecting device relative to the photoelectric transmitting and receiving device.

Below, in order to enable those skilled in the art to implement the present invention, several illustrative examples are provided:

Example 1:

Fig. 2 shows a schematic diagram of an arrangement method of the present invention. This arrangement method can be used to measure the vertical displacement of the line (caused by settlement or frost heaving, etc.), without being affected by longitudinal and lateral displacement. The displacement detection system is mainly composed of a photoelectric transmitting and receiving device 1 and a reflecting device 2 . The photoelectric transmitting and receiving device 1 is installed on the CP III column 101, and the CP III column is fixed on a deep foundation, so it can be considered that there will be no displacement, so it can be used as a measurement benchmark for line displacement. The reflection device 2 is installed on the line base plate 102 and the side of the track plate 103 through the column 4 . The reflection device 2 is displaced along with the line, so the displacement of the reflection device 2 is the line displacement. Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of the measurement principle of this arrangement method. The photoelectric transmitting and receiving device 1 includes a laser 11, which can emit laser light under the control of the main control circuit 13, and the emitted laser light is reflected by the reflecting device 2. In this example, the reflecting device 2 is a rectangular prism placed vertically, and the reflected laser light is irradiated on the On the position sensitive device (PSD) 12, the PSD output signal can detect the position of the laser light on the PSD after being processed by the main control circuit 13. When the reflection device 2 is vertically displaced, the reflection device falls to the position shown by the dotted line in Figure 1, and the reflected laser line will change (as shown by the dotted line arrow in Figure 1), thereby reflecting the position where the laser light is irradiated on the PSD change. The main control circuit can calculate the longitudinal displacement of the line according to the change of PSD output. When the line is displaced longitudinally (along the line direction), the reflected light path does not change and does not cause changes in the measurement results. Similarly, when the line is displaced laterally, the position where the reflected light hits the PSD is also unchanged. The main control circuit is connected with the data transmission device 3, and can transmit the measurement results to the data center. In this example, the data transmission device is a 3G wireless router, which can connect to the Internet and send data to any server on the Internet.

Ideally, the displacement in the vertical direction of the line is amplified twice by the optical path. Let the vertical displacement of the line be x, and the position of the reflected light moves 2x on the PSD, so that the measurement accuracy of the line displacement can be improved.

There is a CP III column every 50m or so on the high-speed railway line, and photoelectric transmitting and receiving devices and reflecting devices can be installed at appropriate intervals according to needs, so as to realize the vertical displacement monitoring of the entire line.

Due to the low processing accuracy of the base plate 102, it is usually impossible to guarantee a strict level. Therefore, a universal platform is used to connect the reflection device 2 and the column 4, and the posture of the reflection device can be adjusted to ensure that the reflection device can be vertical. When the attitude is adjusted to meet the requirements, the universal gimbal can be fixed.

The photoelectric transmitting and receiving device 1 is connected to the CP III column 101 through a vertical translation platform with precise scales, so that the photoelectric transmitting and receiving device 1 can move precisely in the vertical direction. Adjusting the position of the photoelectric transmitting and receiving device can conveniently realize the calibration of the detection system. Due to the influence of device processing errors and installation errors, the optical path of the detection system cannot be consistent with the ideal state, so the detection system needs to be calibrated, but the displacement required for calibration cannot be artificially given after the reflection device is fixed. The downward adjustment of a certain displacement of the photoelectric transmitting and receiving device is equivalent to the same displacement of the upward movement of the reflecting device, so by adjusting the position of the photoelectric transmitting and receiving device, the line displacement can be simulated for calibration. In addition, adjusting the position of the photoelectric transmitting and receiving device can also expand the measuring range of the detection system. The measurement range of the detection system is limited by the length of the PSD. When the line displacement exceeds the detection range of the system, the reflected laser beam will irradiate outside the PSD. At this time, the position of the photoelectric transmitting and receiving device can be adjusted to make the reflected laser beam re-irradiate to the center of the PSD. And record the adjustment amount x of the displacement platform, and set upward adjustment as positive. The adjusted measurement value can be corrected by the adjustment amount. Assuming that the adjusted measured value is w, the actual line displacement is w+x.

Example 2:

Fig. 3 shows another arrangement method of the present invention, which can realize the longitudinal displacement measurement of line displacement. In Fig. 3, the reflecting device 2 is a rectangular prism placed horizontally, and the laser and PSD in the photoelectric transmitting and receiving device are placed horizontally. The measurement principle is the same as that of Example 1. At the same time, this example can also be combined with Example 1, and the reflecting device can be changed into two right-angle prisms, one placed horizontally and the other vertically placed, and the photoelectric transmitting and receiving device is configured as two groups of lasers and PSD placed horizontally and vertically, which can be Realize simultaneous measurement of vertical and longitudinal displacement at the same measurement point.

Example 3:

Fig. 4 shows a schematic diagram of the layout of the subway tunnel displacement monitoring realized by the device of the present invention. A set of settlement detection devices can be used to realize the settlement detection of one measurement point. In order to realize the settlement monitoring of the entire interval, multiple sets of settlement detection devices can be used to transmit detection to each other. As shown in Figure 4, the system installs a photoelectric transmitting and receiving device at the reference point of the platform, and installs a reflector and a photoelectric transmitting and receiving device at each measurement point in the interval, so that the reflection of the photoelectric transmitting and receiving device at the previous point and the next measuring point The mirrors form a set of settlement detection devices that can monitor the relative displacement between two points. All the detection devices are connected to the monitoring center through the network, and the monitoring center can calculate the settlement situation in the entire interval according to the relative displacement between the reference point and the measuring point 1 and the relative displacement between each measuring point. The monitoring center can control the automatic measurement by sending instructions to the detection device.

When installed in the interval, the measuring point can be installed on the tunnel wall, and it can be installed at a higher position on the side of the tunnel to avoid intrusion into the limit. Install a set of measuring equipment every 50m or so in the straight section, and shorten the installation interval appropriately according to the radius of the curve to ensure that the light can travel in a straight line between the two sets of equipment.

Example 4:

This example uses the layout of Example 1 to illustrate a precise installation and adjustment method of the detection system. The adjustment method includes the following steps:

Step 1: Accurately install the photoelectric transmitting and receiving device. Use the laser line instrument to release the horizontal and vertical laser lines as the installation reference line. During installation, the installation of the photoelectric transmitting and receiving device is guaranteed to be vertical by adjusting the fixing bolts, and the laser level emitted by the photoelectric transmitting and receiving device is ensured.

Step 2: As shown in Figure 5, first cover the upper half of the prism with black tape, so that the photoelectric transmitting and receiving device emits the laser beam. Since the upper part of the prism is blocked, the light transmitted through the inside of the prism is blocked, and only the light directly reflected by the surface of the prism is reflected back to the photoelectric receiving device. At this time, adjust the pitch and rotation angle of the prism through the gimbal to make the reflected light coincide with the emitted light, that is, to ensure that the surface of the prism is perpendicular to the emitted optics.

Step 3: Remove the masking tape on the prism, and adjust the inclination angle of the reflector so that the light transmitted through the prism illuminates the PSD, that is, the prism coincides with the vertical direction.

Through the embodiments of the present invention provided above, beneficial technical effects superior to the prior art are achieved, such as: reducing the measurement workload, simplifying the measurement process, shortening the monitoring cycle, realizing real-time monitoring, reducing measurement errors, and realizing automatic measurement , to obtain the subsidence

A number of preferred or exemplary embodiments of the present invention are provided above, the purpose is to describe the present invention more clearly, to fully convey the protection scope of the present invention to those skilled in the art, so that those skilled in the art can The technical solution of the present invention can be realized. Features in the above embodiments can be combined, omitted or added to form new embodiments. Those skilled in the art can modify various embodiments according to the description of the present invention, and these new embodiments and modifications should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. A displacement detection system for railway equipment, characterized in that it comprises a photoelectric transmitting and receiving device and at least one reflection device, and said photoelectric transmitting and receiving device comprises a main control unit, at least one laser, and at least one position sensitive element, wherein , the number of the at least one reflective device, the at least one laser and the at least one position sensitive element is equal and each reflective device corresponds to a laser and a position sensitive element, The laser is configured so that the laser emitted by it can be irradiated on the corresponding reflecting device, the position sensitive element is installed to be able to receive the laser reflected by the corresponding reflecting device, and the main control circuit configured to control the emission of the laser and receive a displacement signal from the position sensitive element and process the displacement signal to generate a displacement detection result of the reflecting device relative to the photoelectric transmitting and receiving device; The reflection device is composed of a rectangular prism, and the reflection device is installed so that its oblique edge is along the direction of the displacement to be detected. 2. The displacement detection system for railway equipment according to claim 1, wherein the displacement detection system is used to detect the base plate of the railway, and the base plate column is vertically installed on the base plate, The reflection device is installed on the column of the base plate. 3. The displacement detection system for railway equipment according to claim 2, wherein the photoelectric transmitting and receiving device is installed on a reference column, and the reference column is fixed to the foundation and the fixed depth is sufficient to make the The reference column does not move. 4. The displacement detection system for railway equipment according to claim 3, wherein the displacement detection system is used to detect the displacement of the base plate along the vertical direction and along the extension direction of the railway track, wherein, The displacement detection system includes a first reflection device and a second reflection device, a first laser corresponding to the first reflection device and a first position sensitive element, and a second laser and a second reflection device corresponding to the second reflection device. The position sensitive element, wherein, the first reflecting device is installed so that its oblique edge is along the vertical direction, and the second reflecting device is installed so that its oblique edge is along the extending direction of the rail. 5. The displacement detection system for railway equipment according to claim 3, characterized in that, the photoelectric transmitting and receiving device is installed on the reference column by a displacement platform with scale, and the photoelectric transmitting and receiving device Can be moved in the direction of the displacement to be measured relative to the reference upright. 6. The displacement detection system for railway equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that, the reflection device and the base plate column are connected through a universal pan-tilt, and the universal pan-tilt can be adjusted The pose of the reflector. 7. A displacement detection system for railway equipment, characterized in that it includes N photoelectric transmitting and receiving devices A ₁ to A _N and N reflecting devices B ₁ to B _N , and each of the photoelectric transmitting and receiving devices includes a laser , a position sensitive element and a main control unit, wherein: The first photoelectric transmitting and receiving device A ₁ is installed on the platform as a reference point, and N measuring points T ₁ to T _N are set at intervals along the extension direction of the railway track, and the photoelectric transmitting and receiving devices A ₂ to A _N are respectively installed on the At the measurement points T ₁ -T _N-1 , the reflection devices B ₁ -B _N are respectively installed at the measurement points T ₁ -T _N , Wherein, 1<=i<=N, the laser of the i-th photoelectric transmitting and receiving device A _i is configured to irradiate the emitted laser light on the i-th reflecting device B _i , and the i-th photoelectric transmitting and receiving device A _i The position sensitive element of is installed to be able to receive the laser light reflected by the reflecting device B _i , and the main control circuit of the ith photoelectric transmitting and receiving device A _i is configured to control the emission of its laser and receive the displacement from its position sensitive element signal and process the displacement signal to generate a detection result of the displacement of the i-th measurement point T _i relative to the measurement point where the photoelectric transmitting and receiving device A _i is located; The reflection device is composed of a rectangular prism, and the reflection device is installed so that its oblique edge is along the displacement direction to be detected. 8. The displacement detection system for railway equipment according to claim 7, characterized in that, the displacement detection system is used to detect the base plate along the railway, and the first to N photoelectric transmitting and receiving devices A _{1 to N} are installed On the base plate; or the displacement detection system is used to detect the tunnel along the railway, and the first to N photoelectric transmitting and receiving devices A _{1 to N} are installed on the tunnel wall. 9. A displacement detection method for railway equipment, comprising the following steps: S1: installing at least one reflecting device composed of a right-angle prism, so that the inclined edge of each reflecting device is arranged along the direction of the displacement to be detected; S2: Configure a photoelectric transmitting and receiving device, the photoelectric transmitting and receiving device includes a main control unit, at least one laser, and at least one position sensitive element, wherein the at least one reflecting device, the at least one laser and the at least one position sensitive The number of elements is set to be equal and each reflector corresponds to a laser and a position sensitive element; S3: configure the laser to emit laser under the control of the main control circuit so that the laser can be irradiated on the corresponding reflection device, and configure the position sensitive element to receive the corresponding Laser light reflected by the reflector; S4: configure the main control circuit to receive a displacement signal from the position sensitive element and process the displacement signal to generate a displacement detection result of the reflecting device relative to the photoelectric transmitting and receiving device, wherein the Step S3 comprises the following steps: A1: Use the laser discharger temporarily installed on the photoelectric transmitting and receiving device to release the horizontal and vertical laser lines as the installation reference line, and adjust the fixing bolts to ensure that the photoelectric transmitting and receiving device is in the vertical direction, And ensure the laser level emitted by the photoelectric transmitting and receiving device, wherein the fixing bolt is used to movably install the photoelectric transmitting and receiving device on the reference column; A2: First use black tape to cover the upper half of the prism of the reflection device, so that the photoelectric transmitting and receiving device emits laser beams, wherein the light transmitted through the inside of the prism is blocked, and only the light directly reflected by the surface of the prism The light is reflected back to the photoelectric transmitting and receiving device, and then the pitch and rotation angle of the reflecting device are adjusted through the pan/tilt, so that the reflected light coincides with the emitted light, ensuring that the surface of the prism is perpendicular to the emitting optics, and the pan/tilt is used for The measuring device is movably installed on the base plate column; A3: Remove the black tape on the prism, adjust the inclination angle of the reflection device, so that the light propagating through the inside of the prism is irradiated on the position sensitive element, so that the hypotenuse surface of the prism is aligned with the vertical direction coincide.