CN105039852A - High-performance double-material powder forging connection rod and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-performance double-material powder forging connection rod and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN105039852A CN105039852A CN201510272173.3A CN201510272173A CN105039852A CN 105039852 A CN105039852 A CN 105039852A CN 201510272173 A CN201510272173 A CN 201510272173A CN 105039852 A CN105039852 A CN 105039852A
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of powder metallurgy vehicle part preparation, and relates to a high-performance and low-cost double-material powder forging connection rod preparation method, wherein the components of the connection rod large head of the connection rod comprise manganese sulfide and the copper content and the carbon content are low, the components of the rod body and the connection rod small head are consistent and do not contain manganese sulfide and the copper content and the carbon content are more than the copper content and the carbon content in the connection rod large head, the components of the connection rod large head comprise, by mass, 2.00-2.75% of copper, 0.30-0.34% of manganese sulfide, 0.58-0.64% of graphite, 0.60-0.72% of lubricant and the balance of iron, and the components of the connection rod small head comprise, by mass, 3.05-3.45% of copper, 0.58-0.70% of graphite, 0.60-0.72% of lubricant, and the balance of iron. According to the present invention, the double-material powder forging connection rod achieves the high comprehensive performance, and has the significant cost advantage compared with the single-material powder forging connection rod and the conventional steel forging connection rod.
Description
technical field:
The invention belongs to powder metallurgy automobile part field, specifically provide high-performance, two material connection rod of automobile engine and powder hotforging preparation method thereof.
background technology:
The concept of two material or many materials sintered metal product (not being refer in particular to connecting rod) just has before twenty or thirty year, and under the driving of automotive industry, the fast development of Powder Metallurgy Industry makes many pairs of materials or many materials sintered metal product successfully be developed.For example, the teeth portion of powder metallurgy gear material that can be sinter-hardened, but needing the centre of processing to select the good material of workability (belong to conventional powder metallurgical preparation, do not relate to forging process, material is finally incomplete fine and close).The example of another one powder metallurgy component is one-way clutch rings, and its inner layer material adopts P/F-4665, and cladding material adopts P/F-4615, just possesses different hardness (belonging to powder forging product) like this in different regions.At present, the two material combinations of materials be in research and development also comprise: magneticsubstance/nonmagnetic substance, abrasion-resistant surface material/high bearing capacity material, inexpensive material/expensive material.But the existing technology preparing powder metallurgy bi-material product is all structure based on stratiform or concentric structure, be unsuitable for preparing powder forging connecting rod.
As shown in Figure 1, its major part needs to do very multi-step process the constitutional features of connecting rod, comprising: (1) grinds at least one times two-sided; (2) major part endoporus cuts; (3) auger shell keyhole also beats screw thread; (4) large alliteration is broken.Boring and beat screw thread and swollen disconnected major part all requires that material has good workability.But the major part of connecting rod substantially can not repeated stress failure in actual use, so a desirable large head material should have excellent workability and breaking property of expansible, but its fatigue strength is relatively secondary.By contrast, the bar portion processing of connecting rod is extremely simple, only need to dodge limit and Shot Blasting, but its fatigue strength is very crucial.So, fatigue strength should be adopted high in the bar portion of connecting rod, and the material that workability is relatively low.In existing document, many mmaterials all have the fatigue strength of the MPIFP/FFC-0205 material far exceeding existing use after obtaining desirable microtexture, but the material of these high-fatigue strengths is not used in the scale operation of powder forging connecting rod, and reason is that its workability is poor, cost is high and the obstacle of other technical elements.The manufacturing procedure of powder forging required for small end of connecting rod is between major part and bar portion, and that is, after the two-sided mill of microcephaly, only internal diameter needs turnning and milling, far less than the manufacturing procedure of stub end.Moreover lining can be forged with one and solve into the method for expanded joint to small end of connecting rod by the cutter life problem of the little head end internal diameter of turnning and milling completely.So little head end adopts the material same with bar portion, does not have significant counter productive.
If can the two material connecting rod of Design and manufacture one, the workability of its major part be strong, and fatigue strength is low; The fatigue strength in its bar portion is high, and workability is poor, so just utilizes and has gone up the advantage of powder metallurgy, also utilizes and has gone up the strong point of each mmaterial, and evaded its weakness.
Just based on the above fact, applicant proposed the application of this high-performance two material powder forging connecting rod patent of invention.
summary of the invention:
The object of the present invention is to provide and a kind ofly possess high over-all properties (workability of major part part is strong, and fatigue strength is lower slightly; The fatigue strength in bar portion is high, and workability is slightly poor) Composition Design of the motor car engine powder of low cost forging connecting rod and preparation method.
The present invention is realized by following technical scheme: a kind of high-performance two material powder forging connecting rod, and connecting rod comprises big end, shaft and small end of connecting rod, and containing manganese sulfide in the component of described big end, and the content of copper and carbon is low; Described shaft is consistent with the component of small end of connecting rod, and not Containing Sulfur manganese in component, the content of copper and carbon is greater than the content of copper and carbon in big end.
Further, the mass percent of each component of described big end: copper 2.00-2.75%, manganese sulfide 0.30-0.34%, graphite 0.58-0.64%, lubricant 0.60-0.72%, surplus is iron;
The mass percent of each component of described shaft and small end of connecting rod: copper 3.05-3.45%, graphite 0.58-0.70%, lubricant 0.60-0.72%, surplus is iron.
Another object of the present invention is to provide the preparation method of above-mentioned high-performance two material powder forging connecting rod, specifically comprises the following steps:
Step 1. is prepared burden:
Mass percent according to each component of big end: copper 2.00-2.75%, manganese sulfide 0.30-0.34%, graphite 0.58-0.64%, lubricant 0.60-0.72%, surplus is iron;
The mass percent of each component of shaft and small end of connecting rod: copper 3.05-3.45%, graphite 0.58-0.70%, lubricant 0.60-0.72%, surplus is iron; Take each raw material respectively, mix respectively, add in the feeder with 2 powder conveying pipe, for subsequent use;
Step 2. is feeded:
Be that the material baffle of 0.127mm is welded on powder-feeding shoe by a slice thickness, described powder-feeding shoe is placed on the upper surface of film, the position of described material baffle is made to be in the parting line position of the lower punch of big end and the lower punch of shaft and small end of connecting rod, (as shown in Figure 2) by send major part tube cell to be placed in described separated material version side big end film chamber above, by send bar portion tube cell to be placed in described separated material version opposite side bar portion die cavity above, (shown in Fig. 3) starts feeder, two kinds of different premixing flour to be filled under normal quantity-produced condition in by big end die cavity in film chamber and bar portion form in mould die cavity, for subsequent use,
Step 3. pre-molding and surface densification:
The mould in powder that is equipped with step 2 obtained carries out pre-molding, and the pressure of precompressed is 300-600MPa, obtains pre-press, carries out skimming treatment rear surface carry out densification by shot-peening to pre-press;
Step 4. sinters forge hot and aftertreatment
Pre-press step 3 obtained, at 1100-1250 DEG C, sinters 8-15 minute in reducing atmosphere, and the pre-press after sintering is put into forge hot die cavity, and in forge hot, mould-cavity temperature is 150-250 DEG C, clicks forging in air atmosphere, goes to dodge limit after forging; Ball blast removes surface oxide layer and strengthening surface; Two-sided mill, namely obtains density and is not less than 7.80g/cm
3high-performance two material powder forging connecting rod.
Further, the surface hardness of described high-performance two material powder forging connecting rod is 32-38Rc, and tensile strength reaches 1100-1250MPa, and tensile yield strength reaches 810-860MPa, and safe range of stress intensity reaches 407MPa.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: owing to adopting technique scheme, feature of the present invention is as follows:
1. microtexture, the sampling of metallographic specimen comes from the smallest cross-section area place in the bar portion of mono-material connecting rod and two material connecting rod, and the result recorded is as shown in table 1.
The metallurgical performance of table 1 liang class connecting rod
| Performance | Unit | Mono-material connecting rod | Two material connecting rod |
| Porosity when amplifying 10 times | N/A | Nothing | Nothing |
| Oxidation depth | mm | 0.07-0.09 | 0.04-0.05 |
| Total Decarburized depth | mm | 0.16-0.19 | 0.04-0.07 |
| Ferrite content | % | 25-30 | 5-8 |
| Surface hardness | Rc | 29-35 | 32-38 |
By contrast, " material of big end " (Rc29-35) is lower than the hardness (Rc32-38) of " material of shaft ".The microtexture of " material of big end " and " material of shaft " is presented in 4 (a) and (b) respectively, and they have following characteristics:
(1) microtexture of the microtexture ratio " material of big end " of " material of shaft " is fine and smooth;
(2) " material of shaft " be not containing manganese sulfide particle, but " material of big end " has manganese sulfide particle.
2. material transition region
Two material connecting rod is cut along three orientation of " A ", " B " and " C " shown in Fig. 5, tangent plane is through material transition region, after making metallographic specimen, polishing, polishing, Corrosion results are as shown in Fig. 6 (a), 6 (b) He 6 (c), observe under powerful microscope, its material transition region as shown in Figure 7, because do not find obvious defect in the interface of bi-material, therefore thinks that the physical strength at material transition place does not exist hidden danger.
2.1. material transition boundary line
Two kinds of different premixing flour within closely (such as within the scope of 5mm) have that to mix and form spination boundary line be useful and harmless, but the mixing of long distance (such as having exceeded 5mm) then likely produces the problem of workability or intensity aspect, such as, if bar portion premixing flour enters the major part place of pre-press, as shown in Figure 6, will feel that workability decreases when the two-sided and turning major part internal diameter of mill subsequently, eliminate long distance to mix and the most effective way controlling spination boundary line, material transition place (as shown in Figure 6 and Figure 7) size is inhaling type filler, inhaling type filler is not attempted being because optimised bi-material is for the production of two material connecting rod at this, in material transition, place does not bring hell and high water to production.
2.2. material mutual compatibility
The spination interface shown in Fig. 6 and Fig. 7, provides extra interlocking intensity to interface, and the material transition line shown in Fig. 7 is clear, shows that the diffusion length of alloying element is not far.
Because the chemical composition of bi-material is different, their coefficient of thermal expansion and contraction and phase transformation temperature points difference to some extent, these differences are at high temperature no problem, but in process of cooling after forging, if these differences are beyond certain limit, just likely crack along material transition boundary line.But the large head material that the composition of setting forth in this patent application, optimum preparation condition have been crossed and bar portion material, experiment test finds that the shearing stress that this applies for a patent the material transition place of design is not enough to crack.
In addition, if little head material is different from bar portion material, above-mentioned institute is intelligent is all applicable to microcephaly's transition position.
3. mechanical testing results
Mechanical testing results is as shown in table 2, the tensile strength of two material connecting rod and tensile yield strength improve 30% and 33% respectively than conventional mono-material connecting rod, this raising is very valuable for link design slip-stick artist, but the elongation of two material connecting rod reduces 40% than conventional mono-material connecting rod, illustrate that the bar portion material of two material connecting rod is more crisp.
The mechanical property of table 2 two kinds of connecting rods
| Performance | Unit | Mono-material connecting rod | Two material connecting rod | Promote, % |
| Tensile strength | MPa | 885-925 | 1100-1250 | 30 |
| Tensile yield strength (0.2%) | MPa | 618-638 | 810-860 | 33 |
| Elongation | % | 15-17 | 8-11 | -40 |
| Young's modulus | GPa | 200-207 | 200-207 | 0 |
| Safe range of stress intensity * | MPa | 310 | 407 | 31 |
*: Fatigue Test adopts ChangAn Automobile H16 powder forging connecting rod to carry out.
Except those load applying cycles have exceeded 10
7still outside the connecting rod do not ruptured, mono-material connecting rod and two material connecting rod are all rupture near the smallest cross-section area in bar portion, as shown in table 2, the fatigue endurance limit of two material connecting rod is relative to mono-material connecting rod lifting 31%, and this is the most remarkable and challenging bright spot of this patent of invention.
4. cost
For automotive industry, cost is most important competition factor under the guaranteed prerequisite of Performance and quality, because the bar portion material carbon content selected at this is higher, so slightly higher than conventional mono-material major part material cost, but the copper content increasing bar portion is worth, because expensive material (copper content is high) has only been used in the bar portion needed most, moreover manganese sulfide particle rejects the high cost also counteracting a part and cause because copper content is high from bar portion material.
As summary, this pair of material powder forging connecting rod patent achieves high over-all properties, and, there is obvious cost advantage than the high-performance connecting rod of mono-material.
Accompanying drawing illustrates:
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of high-performance of the present invention two material powder forging connecting rod.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of powder-feeding shoe of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is powder conveyer one-piece construction schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the light micrograph of connecting rod of the present invention, the microcosmic structure of (a) stub end; The microcosmic structure in (b) bar portion.By contrast, large head material not only microtexture is thick, and containing manganese sulfide particle (arrow indication), the microtexture of bar portion material is tiny, and without manganese sulfide particle.
Fig. 5 is the zone of transition sample position schematic diagram of of the present invention pair of material connecting rod.
Fig. 6 is three tangent planes (" A ", " B of Fig. 5 ", " C) on the metallurgical structure light micrograph of differing materials transition position.
Fig. 7 is spination transition line and the metallurgical structure light micrograph in the material transition region of the two material connecting rod of high-performance of the present invention.
In figure:
1. big end, 2. shaft, 3. material baffle, die cavity 4., mould 5., 6. powder-feeding shoe, 7-send major part tube cell, 8. send bar portion tube cell, 9. material feeding shoe arm, 10. die cavity in major part, die cavity in 11. bar portions, 12. scrape powder baffle plate, 13. major part powders, 14. bar portion powders, 15. lower punches.
embodiment:
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, technical scheme of the present invention is described further.
as shown in Figure 1, the present invention sets fortha kind of high-performance two material powder forging connecting rod, connecting rod comprises big end, shaft and small end of connecting rod, and containing manganese sulfide in the component of described big end, and the content of copper and carbon is low; Described shaft is consistent with the component of small end of connecting rod, not Containing Sulfur manganese in component, the content of copper and carbon is greater than the content of copper and carbon in big end, the mass percent of each component of described big end: copper 2.00-2.75%, manganese sulfide 0.30-0.34%, graphite 0.58-0.64%, lubricant 0.60-0.72%, surplus is iron;
The mass percent of each component of described shaft and small end of connecting rod: copper 3.05-3.45%, graphite 0.58-0.70%, lubricant 0.60-0.72%, surplus is iron.
A preparation method for high-performance two material powder forging connecting rod, specifically comprises the following steps:
Step 1. is prepared burden:
Mass percent according to each component of big end: copper 2.00-2.75%, manganese sulfide 0.30-0.34%, graphite 0.58-0.64%, lubricant 0.60-0.72%, surplus is iron;
The mass percent of each component of shaft and small end of connecting rod: copper 3.05-3.45%, graphite 0.58-0.70%, lubricant 0.60-0.72%, surplus is iron; Take each raw material respectively, mix respectively, add in the feeder with 2 powder conveying pipe, for subsequent use;
Step 2. is feeded:
Be that the material baffle of 0.127mm is welded on powder-feeding shoe by a slice thickness, described powder-feeding shoe is placed on the upper surface of film, the position of described material baffle is made to be in the parting line position of the lower punch of big end and the lower punch of shaft and small end of connecting rod, (as shown in Figure 2) by send major part tube cell to be placed in described separated material version side big end film chamber above, by send bar portion tube cell to be placed in described separated material version opposite side bar portion die cavity above, (shown in Fig. 3) starts feeder, two kinds of different premixing flour to be filled under normal quantity-produced condition in by big end die cavity in film chamber and bar portion form in mould die cavity, for subsequent use,
Step 3. pre-molding and surface densification:
The mould in powder that is equipped with step 2 obtained carries out pre-molding, and the pressure of precompressed is 300-600MPa, obtains pre-press, carries out skimming treatment rear surface carry out densification by shot-peening to pre-press;
Step 4. sinters forge hot and aftertreatment
The pre-press that step 3 is obtained, sinter at temperature is 1100-1250 DEG C, sintering time is 8-15 minute, the pre-press after sintering is put into forge hot die cavity, is 150-250 DEG C, clicks forging in air atmosphere in temperature, goes to dodge limit after forging; Ball blast removes surface oxide layer and strengthening surface; Two-sided mill, namely obtains density and is not less than 7.80g/cm
3's
high-performance two material powder forging connecting rod.
embodiment 1:
step 1 is prepared burden:
The mass percent of each component of big end: copper 2.25%, manganese sulfide 0.34%, graphite 0.64%, lubricant 0.72%, surplus is iron;
The mass percent of each component of shaft and small end of connecting rod: copper 3.45%, graphite 0.70%, lubricant 0.72%, surplus is iron, is mixed respectively by above-mentioned raw materials,
Step 2. is feeded:
Be that the material baffle of 0.127mm is welded on powder-feeding shoe by a slice thickness, described powder-feeding shoe is placed on the upper surface of film, the position of described material baffle is made to be in the parting line position of the lower punch of big end and the lower punch of shaft and small end of connecting rod, (as shown in Figure 2) by send major part tube cell to be placed in described separated material version side big end film chamber above, by send bar portion tube cell to be placed in described separated material version opposite side bar portion die cavity above, (shown in Fig. 3) starts feeder, two kinds of different premixing flour to be filled under normal quantity-produced condition in by big end die cavity in film chamber and bar portion form in mould die cavity, for subsequent use,
Step 3. pre-molding and surface densification:
The mould in powder that is equipped with step 2 obtained carries out pre-molding, and the pressure of precompressed is 300-600MPa, obtains pre-press, carries out skimming treatment rear surface carry out densification by shot-peening to pre-press;
Step 4. sinters forge hot and aftertreatment
The pre-press that step 3 is obtained, at temperature is 1100 DEG C, sintering time is 8-15 minute, by sintering after pre-press put into forge hot die cavity, be 150-250 DEG C in temperature, in air atmosphere, click forging, go after forging dodge limit; Ball blast removes surface oxide layer and strengthening surface; Two-sided mill, namely obtains
surface hardness is32-38Rc, tensile strength 1100-1250MPa, tensile yield strength 810-860MPa, elongation 8-11%, safe range of stress intensity 407MPa, density is not less than 7.80g/cm
3's
high-performance two material powder forging connecting rod.
The physicals of table 3 two kinds of premixing flour
| Performance | Unit | Major part premixing flour | Bar portion premixing flour |
| Flow velocity | second/50g | 31.8 | 31.9 |
| Loose density | g/cm 3 | 3.17 | 3.19 |
| Be pressed into 6.8 g/cm 3Required compacting pressure | MPa | 468 | 445 |
| Density is 6.8 g/cm 3Time green strength | MPa | 8.23 | 8.15 |
| Density is 6.8 g/cm 3Time the demoulding bounce-back | % | 0.15 | 0.14 |
| Density is 6.8 g/cm 3Time sintering after TRS | MPa | 854 | 840 |
| Density is 6.8 g/cm 3Time sintered dimensions change | % | 0.67 | 0.68 |
| Density is 6.8 g/cm 3Time sintering after hardness | HRB | 72 | 77 |
embodiment 2:
Step 1. is prepared burden:
The mass percent of each component of big end: copper 2.00%, manganese sulfide 0.30%, graphite 0.58%, lubricant 0.60%, surplus is iron;
The mass percent of each component of shaft and small end of connecting rod: copper 3.05%, graphite 0.58%, lubricant 0.60%, surplus is iron.And the component of each raw material according to major part part, bar portion and little head part is mixed respectively, add in bitubular feeder, for subsequent use;
Step 2. is feeded:
Be that the material baffle of 0.127mm is welded on powder-feeding shoe by a slice thickness, described powder-feeding shoe is placed on the upper surface of film, the position of described material baffle is made to be in the parting line position of the lower punch of big end and the lower punch of shaft and small end of connecting rod, (as shown in Figure 2) by send major part tube cell to be placed in described separated material version side big end film chamber above, by send bar portion tube cell to be placed in described separated material version opposite side bar portion die cavity above, (shown in Fig. 3) starts feeder, two kinds of different premixing flour to be filled under normal quantity-produced condition in by big end die cavity in film chamber and bar portion form in mould die cavity, for subsequent use,
Step 3. pre-molding and surface densification:
The mould in powder that is equipped with step 2 obtained carries out pre-molding, and the pressure of precompressed is 600MPa, obtains pre-press, carries out skimming treatment rear surface carry out densification by shot-peening to pre-press;
Step 4. sinters forge hot and aftertreatment:
The pre-press that step 3 is obtained, at temperature is 1250 DEG C, sintering time is 8-15 minute, by sintering after pre-press put into forge hot die cavity, be 150-250 DEG C in temperature, in air atmosphere, click forging, go after forging dodge limit; Ball blast removes surface oxide layer and strengthening surface; Two-sided mill, namely obtains
surface hardness is32-38Rc., tensile strength 1100-1250MPa, tensile yield strength 810-860MPa, safe range of stress intensity 407MPa, density is not less than 7.80g/cm
3's
high-performance two material powder forging connecting rod.
Claims (4)
1. high-performance two material powder forging connecting rod, connecting rod comprises big end, shaft and small end of connecting rod, it is characterized in that, containing manganese sulfide in the component of described big end, and the content of copper and carbon is low; Described shaft is consistent with the component of small end of connecting rod, and not Containing Sulfur manganese in component, the content of copper and carbon is greater than the content of copper and carbon in big end.
2. high-performance according to claim 1 two material powder forging connecting rod, it is characterized in that, the mass percent of each component of described big end: copper 2.00-2.75%, manganese sulfide 0.30-0.34%, graphite 0.58-0.64%, lubricant 0.60-0.72%, surplus is iron;
The mass percent of each component of described shaft and small end of connecting rod: copper 3.05-3.45%, graphite 0.58-0.70%, lubricant 0.60-0.72%, surplus is iron.
3. prepare a method for high-performance as claimed in claim 2 two material powder forging connecting rod, it is characterized in that, specifically comprise the following steps:
Step 1. is prepared burden:
Mass percent according to each component of big end: copper 2.00-2.75%, manganese sulfide 0.30-0.34%, graphite 0.58-0.64%, lubricant 0.60-0.72%, surplus is iron;
The mass percent of each component of shaft and small end of connecting rod: copper 3.05-3.45%, graphite 0.58-0.70%, lubricant 0.60-0.72%, surplus is iron; Take each raw material respectively, mix respectively, add in the feeder with 2 powder conveying pipe, for subsequent use;
Step 2. is feeded:
Be that the material baffle of 0.127mm is welded on powder-feeding shoe by a slice thickness, described powder-feeding shoe is placed on the upper surface of film, the position of described material baffle is made to be in the parting line position of the lower punch of big end and the lower punch of shaft and small end of connecting rod, by send major part tube cell to be placed in described separated material version side big end film chamber above, by send bar portion tube cell to be placed in described separated material version opposite side bar portion die cavity above, start feeder, two kinds of different premixing flour to be filled under normal quantity-produced condition in by big end die cavity in film chamber and bar portion form in mould die cavity, for subsequent use,
Step 3. pre-molding and surface densification:
The mould in powder that is equipped with step 2 obtained carries out pre-molding, and the pressure of precompressed is 300-600MPa, obtains pre-press, carries out skimming treatment rear surface carry out densification by shot-peening to pre-press;
Step 4. sinters forge hot and aftertreatment
Pre-press step 3 obtained, at 1100-1250 DEG C, sinters 8-15 minute in reducing atmosphere, and the pre-press after sintering is put into forge hot die cavity, and in forge hot, mould-cavity temperature is 150-250 DEG C, clicks forging in air atmosphere, goes to dodge limit after forging; Ball blast removes surface oxide layer and strengthening surface; Two-sided mill, namely obtains density and is not less than 7.80g/cm
3high-performance two material powder forging connecting rod.
4. method according to claim 3, is characterized in that, the surface hardness of described high-performance two material powder forging connecting rod is 32-38Rc, and tensile strength reaches 1100-1250MPa, and tensile yield strength reaches 810-860MPa, and safe range of stress intensity reaches 407MPa.
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| CN103084576A (en) * | 2013-01-22 | 2013-05-08 | 山东信义粉末冶金有限公司 | Production method of powder metallurgy hot forging connecting rod with sealed surface |
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| US20040134306A1 (en) * | 2003-01-14 | 2004-07-15 | Fuping Liu | Bi-material connecting rod |
| CN101421063A (en) * | 2006-04-13 | 2009-04-29 | Gkn烧结金属股份有限公司 | Multi-material connecting rod |
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|---|---|
| CN105039852B (en) | 2018-07-17 |
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