CN105034375A - FDM3D printing achieving method, printing system and jet flow control method under space environment - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of 3D printing equipment, in particular to an FDM3D printing achieving method, a printing system and a jet flow control method under the space environment. A glue sprayer and a pressurizing sprayer are arranged, the glue sprayer sprays a layer of glue in the program assigned area, and then the pressurizing sprayer melts hot melting wires and increases conveying. After the molten spraying wires are extruded out, bonding forming is carried out under the microgravity state. The flow of molten spray wires and the extruding bonding forming process are controlled by controlling the movement of the pressurizing sprayer. Accordingly, solid printing is achieved. The 3D printing purpose under the microgravity space environment is achieved. The FDM3D printing achieving method, the printing system and the jet flow control method can be used for 3D printing under the space environment.

Description

FDM3D print implementing method under space environment, print system and spray silk flow control methods

Technical field

The present invention relates to 3D printing device technical field, especially a kind of FDM3D print implementing method be applicable under space environment, print system and spray silk flow control methods.

Background technology

3D prints, and be the one of rapid shaping technique, it is undertaken based on layering sliding-model control by software by 3D mathematical model, shaping with accumulation manufacturing technology.3D prints advantage and is: manufacturing complex article does not increase cost, can print complex parts required in space ship; 3D printing technique belongs to and adds formula manufacture category, saves material, the printed material demand of space task part is minimized than tradition manufacture; By creating accurate copy or optimizing original paper, can physical replication accurately, scanning can be completed simultaneously, edit and the task of replication entity object.The available material of 3D printing technique is numerous, and common used material has PLA, ABS resin, durability nylon material, gypsum material, aluminum, titanium alloy, stainless steel, silver-plated, gold-plated, rubber type of material etc., also material can be combined.These advantages that 3D prints are used in space most suitable.Such as: the individual character manufacturing that 3D prints and economy can reduce airship and carry spare units, reduce cosmic space and explore budget, allow more costs to be used in other demands simultaneously.The owned manufacturing capacity of Aero-Space airship, also has initiative effect to space long-range mission (as seeking other celestial body), makes astronaut in space, have autonomy and flexibility greatly.

The operation principle of traditional F DM3D printer is that low melting point filamentary material is delivered to heater by wire feeder, and heat fused becomes liquid, is extruded by shower nozzle, be layering, layer by layer deposition, to the last one deck so repeatedly, is so successively piled into a physical model or part the end of by top.But traditional 3D printer work on earth, and terrestrial gravitation can ensure that melted material is extruded and do not need air-proof condition from shower nozzle.And original gravity condition becomes microgravity state on space, thus we need to produce certain pressure at shower nozzle and can to extrude from shower nozzle by material and to coordinate sprinkling glue shaping.In order to the normal use of the health and instrument that ensure astronaut, space 3D printing technique needs to work under air-proof condition, and the aviation being reached for space probation provides the object of replacement part.

Summary of the invention

One of technical problem that the present invention solves is to provide the FDM3D print implementing method under a kind of space environment, and the 3D realized under space microgravity environment prints.

Two of the technical problem that the present invention solves is to provide the FDM3D print system under a kind of space environment, and the 3D realized under space microgravity environment prints.

Three of the technical problem that the present invention solves is to provide the spray silk flow control methods of the FDM3D print system under a kind of space environment, to realize the print capacity of 3D printer in space, and the final problem effectively solving airship manufacturing capacity.

The technical scheme that the present invention one of solves the problems of the technologies described above is:

Described method arranges glue shower nozzle and supercharging shower nozzle, first first sprays one deck glue in program appointed area by glue shower nozzle, then, supercharging shower nozzle to the silk material melting of hot melt, increase conveying; Melt-out spinning is sticky glutinous shaping under microgravity state after extruding; By controlling the motion of supercharging shower nozzle thus controlling the size of melt-out spinning flow and extrude sticky glutinous forming process; Thus realize the printing of entity.

The hermetically sealed design of described forming process, when 3D printer is after completing entity, opens the micronic dust that dust collection equipment absorbs printing device, then by mechanical arm, entity is positioned over isolated area, adopt insulating glass by 3D print job zone isolation, take out entity.

The present invention solve the problems of the technologies described above two technical scheme be:

Described print system includes central control system, hot melt sex pilus material, charging tray, supercharging shower nozzle, self-powered platform, wire feeder, hot melt glue rod, glue spray first class sections; The process softwares such as the external central control system control hierarchy of 3D printer, generate STL numerical control code by the process of cad model hierarchy slicing; Hot melt sex pilus material is wrapped on charging tray, drives charging tray to rotate by wire feeder; Hot melt sex pilus material, hot melt are more excellent to be sent to modified supercharging shower nozzle, glue shower nozzle under the frictional force effect of wire feeder, and wherein, glue shower nozzle is used for every layer and prints front sprinkling glue; First control glue shower nozzle and first spray one deck glue in program formulation region, the object of spraying glue is sticky glutinous shaping under microgravity state after melt-out spinning is extruded; The shower nozzle of modified supercharging is subsequently shaping according to same track spray silk according to the appointment of program, under the acting in conjunction of melting silk material extruded by glue and pressurization, just defines the profile of workpiece after material cooled.

Described modified supercharging shower nozzle includes gas access, circular cone contraction section, cylindrical shape trunnion, heating arrangements, circular cone diffuser, material extrusion outlet, conveying pipeline, conveying pipeline internal channel, the reducing of conveying pipeline; Circular cone contraction section, cylindrical shape trunnion, circular cone diffuser and material extrusion outlet is sequentially under gas access; Meanwhile, cylindrical shape trunnion connects conveying pipeline; The conveying pipeline other end is the reducing of conveying pipeline; Conveying pipeline internal channel is had in conveying pipeline; Heating arrangements is arranged on outside cylindrical shape trunnion, circular cone diffuser and conveying pipeline, heats this part; When pressurization gas enters from gas access, and by circular cone contraction section, now swiftly flowing gas produces low pressure to accelerate gas flow rate from the coarse to fine by cylindrical shape trunnion air-flow, thus produces suction-operated at cylindrical shape trunnion place; During by heating arrangements, the silk material of conveying pipeline internal channel can be made to form molten condition, the cylindrical shape trunnion having arrived low pressure also can enter circular cone diffuser because of suction-operated along with air mixes together, finally by material extrusion outlet extrusion molding.

Described glue shower nozzle is consistent with the structure of modified supercharging shower nozzle.

Described print system has a fairlead between charging tray and supercharging shower nozzle, fairlead adopt low friction material make in case material can smoothly exactly by charging tray to supercharging shower nozzle.

Print system takes hermetically sealed Environment Design; 3D printer, completing physical print and after cooling a period of time, opening the micronic dust that dust collection equipment absorbs printing device, then by mechanical arm, entity is positioned over isolated area, adopts insulating glass by 3D print job zone isolation, takes out entity.

The present invention solve the problems of the technologies described above three technical scheme be:

Described method utilizes modified supercharging nozzle structure, the mode that jet pipe pressure-air stream blows out from aperture and make melted material produce vacuum gravitation to cause gas-liquid to mix at mixing chamber; Namely between the gas access of modified supercharging shower nozzle and material extrusion outlet, there is the cylindrical shape trunnion of a reduced cross-sectional; When gas or liquid within it flow, at the narrowest place of pipeline, dynamic pressure reaches maximum, and static pressure reaches minimum of a value; The speed of gas or liquid rises because of the relation of cross-section variation of shoving; Size and the melted material flow of vacuum can be regulated by the size of Air blowing speed; Calculate according to Bernoulli's theorem equation and can obtain its flow velocity and flow, and controlled pressure size.

When calculating rate of discharge, according to ideally not considering the drag effect that fluid is subject to, gas access and cylindrical shape trunnion area of section are respectively A ₁, A ₂, gas access and cylindrical shape throat flow velocity are respectively v ₁, v ₂, potential energy is respectively z ₁, z ₂, kinetic energy correction factor is α ₁, α ₂, ρ represents fluid density, when pipe radius is determined, flow Q only with variable pressure p ₁, p ₂relevant, p ₁: Venturi tube inlet pressure pa; p ₂: trunnion inlet pressure pa.

Rate of discharge is that following formula is as follows, has two section row Bernoulli equations:

$z_1+\frac{p_1}{\mathrm{\ρ}g}+\frac{{\mathrm{\α}}_1{v_1}^2}{2g}=z_2+\frac{p_2}{\mathrm{\ρ}g}+\frac{{\mathrm{\α}}_2{v_2}^2}{2g}---\left(1\right)$

Continuity equation: Q=v ₁a ₁=v ₂a ₂

$Q=v_1\frac{{{\mathrm{\πd}}_1}^2}{4}=v_2\frac{{{\mathrm{\πd}}_2}^2}{4}---\left(2\right)$

Can be obtained by (1), (2) two formula simultaneous:

$Q=\frac{\frac{{{\mathrm{\πd}}_1}^2}{4}}{\sqrt{{\left(\frac{{d_1}^2}{{d_2}^2}\right)}^4-1}}\sqrt{2g\[(z_1+p_1/\mathrm{\ρ}g)-(z_2+p_2/\mathrm{\ρ}g)\]}$

Consider the microgravity condition g ≈ 0 under space environment, simplification of a formula is obtained

$Q=\frac{\frac{{{\mathrm{\πd}}_1}^2}{4}}{\sqrt{{\left(\frac{{d_1}^2}{{d_2}^2}\right)}^4-1}}\sqrt{2g(z_1-z_2)+2\left(\frac{p_1-p_2}{\mathrm{\ρ}}\right)}=\frac{\frac{{{\mathrm{\πd}}_1}^2}{4}}{\sqrt{{\left(\frac{{d_1}^2}{{d_2}^2}\right)}^4-1}}\sqrt{2\left(\frac{p_1-p_2}{\mathrm{\ρ}}\right)}.$

Beneficial effect:

Practicality of the present invention is that 3D can print by this system and is used in aerospace field, under feature is to overcome microgravity situation, 3D printed material is difficult to extrude, even if extrude the drawback being also difficult to embark on journey, advantage is that only need carry respective material can complete manufacture in space, large quantities of equipment directly need not carry from the earth, to reliability and the security of space task be strengthened like this, greatly reduce the budget of space task.

Accompanying drawing explanation

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is further described:

Fig. 1 is the front view of 3D printing head of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of 3D printer of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is the forming processes flow chart of 3D printer of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is 3D printing shaping system regulation figure of the present invention.

Detailed description of the invention

As shown in Figure 1, be the front view that 3D of the present invention prints Venturi tube shower nozzle; Include gas access 101, circular cone contraction section 102, cylindrical shape trunnion 103, heating arrangements 104, circular cone diffuser 105, material extrusion outlet 106, conveying pipeline 107, conveying pipeline internal channel 109, conveying pipeline reducing 108.Wherein, pressurization gas enters from entrance 101, and by circular cone contraction section 102, now swiftly flowing gas produces low pressure to accelerate gas flow rate from the coarse to fine by cylindrical shape trunnion 103 air-flow, thus produces suction-operated at cylindrical shape trunnion 103 place.The other end of throat connects conveying pipeline 107, during by heating arrangements 104, the silk material of conveying pipeline internal channel 109 can be made to form molten condition, the cylindrical shape trunnion 103 having arrived low pressure because suction-operated also enters circular cone diffuser 105 together along with air mixing, can export 106 extrusion moldings finally by material extrusion.

When calculating rate of discharge, according to ideally we do not consider the drag effect that fluid is subject to, gas access 101 and cylindrical shape trunnion 103 area of section are respectively A ₁, A ₂, gas access 101 and cylindrical shape trunnion 103 flow velocity are respectively v ₁, v ₂, potential energy is respectively z ₁, z ₂, kinetic energy correction factor is α ₁, α ₂, ρ represents fluid density, when pipe radius is determined, flow Q only with variable pressure p ₁, p ₂relevant, p ₁: Venturi tube inlet pressure pa; p ₂: trunnion inlet pressure pa.

Rate of discharge is that following formula is as follows, has two section row Bernoulli equations:

$z_1+\frac{p_1}{\mathrm{\ρ}g}+\frac{{\mathrm{\α}}_1{v_1}^2}{2g}=z_2+\frac{p_2}{\mathrm{\ρ}g}+\frac{{\mathrm{\α}}_2{v_2}^2}{2g}---\left(1\right)$

Continuity equation: Q=v ₁a ₁=v ₂a ₂

$Q=v_1\frac{{{\mathrm{\πd}}_1}^2}{4}=v_2\frac{{{\mathrm{\πd}}_2}^2}{4}---\left(2\right)$

Can be obtained by (1), (2) two formula simultaneous:

$Q=\frac{\frac{{{\mathrm{\πd}}_1}^2}{4}}{\sqrt{{\left(\frac{{d_1}^2}{{d_2}^2}\right)}^4-1}}\sqrt{2g\[(z_1+p_1/\mathrm{\ρ}g)-(z_2+p_2/\mathrm{\ρ}g)\]}$

Consider the microgravity condition g ≈ 0 under space environment, simplification of a formula is obtained

$Q=\frac{\frac{{{\mathrm{\πd}}_1}^2}{4}}{\sqrt{{\left(\frac{{d_1}^2}{{d_2}^2}\right)}^4-1}}\sqrt{2g(z_1-z_2)+2\left(\frac{p_1-p_2}{\mathrm{\ρ}}\right)}=\frac{\frac{{{\mathrm{\πd}}_1}^2}{4}}{\sqrt{{\left(\frac{{d_1}^2}{{d_2}^2}\right)}^4-1}}\sqrt{2\left(\frac{p_1-p_2}{\mathrm{\ρ}}\right)}$

As shown in Figure 2, be FDM technique Fused Deposition Modeling 3D printing principle figure of the present invention; Include the parts such as central control system 201, hot melt sex pilus material (being generally ABS or PLA material) 202, charging tray 203, supercharging shower nozzle 204, self-powered platform 205, wire feeder 206, hot melt glue rod 207, glue shower nozzle 208.The process softwares such as 3D printer external central control system 201 control hierarchy, the process of cad model hierarchy slicing is generated STL numerical control code, and hot melt sex pilus material 202 is wrapped on charging tray 203, drives charging tray 203 to rotate by wire feeder 206.Hot melt sex pilus material 202, hot melt glue rod 207 under the frictional force effect of drive roll and driven voller (i.e. wire feeder 206) to changing supercharging shower nozzle 204, glue shower nozzle 208 is sent, between charging tray 203 and supercharging shower nozzle 204, have a fairlead, fairlead adopts low friction material to make so that material can deliver to supercharging shower nozzle 204 by charging tray 203 smoothly exactly.

Wherein, glue shower nozzle 208 sprays glue before printing for every layer; Control end first controls glue shower nozzle based on PC and first sprays one deck glue in program formulation region, and the object of spraying glue is sticky glutinous shaping under microgravity state after melt-out spinning is extruded.Supercharging shower nozzle 204 is shaping according to same track spray silk according to the appointment of program subsequently, under the acting in conjunction of melting silk material extruded by glue and pressurization, overcome the drawback that conventional 3D printing cannot be shaping in micro-gravity conditions, after material cooled, just shape defines the profile of workpiece.The necessary hermetically sealed design of forming process, when 3D printer is after completing entity, opens the micronic dust that dust collection equipment absorbs printing device, then by mechanical arm, entity is positioned over isolated area, adopt insulating glass by 3D print job zone isolation, take out entity.

As shown in Fig. 2,1, it is the structure synchronization that 3D of the present invention prints glue shower nozzle and supercharging shower nozzle, difference is that the raw material that glue shower nozzle uses are hot melt glue rods (marking in Fig. 2), and hot melt glue rod enters from conveying pipeline 107, and operating temperature is 160 DEG C one 180 DEG C.Under microgravity state, glue shower nozzle first control based on PC glue shower nozzle program formulate region first spray one deck glue, supercharging shower nozzle is shaping according to same track spray silk according to the appointment of program subsequently, and the object of spraying glue is sticky glutinous shaping under microgravity state after melt-out spinning is extruded.

As shown in Figure 3, be the forming processes flow chart of 3D printer of the present invention; Conventional 3D prints cannot be shaping in micro-gravity conditions, is mainly subject to two aspect impacts: 1, material is extruded limited; 2, accumulation difficult forming in kind.The present invention adopts the sticky glutinous and modified space printing head of glue shower nozzle to solve this two problems respectively, and solve under acting in conjunction conventional 3D print cannot be shaping in micro-gravity conditions drawback.Namely control end first controls glue shower nozzle based on PC and formulates region in program and first spray one deck glue, then control the motion of shower nozzle thus the size controlling melt-out spinning flow with extrude sticky glutinous forming process.

As shown in Figure 4,3D printing shaping system regulation figure of the present invention.The shaping details of space controls figure Slice Software by PC and generates STL model, and central control system controls glue shower nozzle and the shaping material object of supercharging shower nozzle.Supercharging shower nozzle can control spray silk flow and pressure size.

Above-described specific embodiment; object of the present invention, technical scheme and beneficial effect are further described; be understood that; the foregoing is only specific embodiments of the invention; be not limited to the present invention; within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any amendment made, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. the FDM3D print implementing method under a space environment, it is characterized in that: described method arranges glue shower nozzle and supercharging shower nozzle, first first spray one deck glue in program appointed area by glue shower nozzle, then, supercharging shower nozzle to the silk material melting of hot melt, increase conveying; Melt-out spinning is sticky glutinous shaping under microgravity state after extruding; By controlling the motion of supercharging shower nozzle thus controlling the size of melt-out spinning flow and extrude sticky glutinous forming process; Thus realize the printing of entity.

2. FDM3D print implementing method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the hermetically sealed design of described forming process, when 3D printer is after completing entity, open the micronic dust that dust collection equipment absorbs printing device, by mechanical arm, entity is positioned over isolated area again, adopt insulating glass by 3D print job zone isolation, take out entity.

3. one kind realizes the print system of the FDM3D print implementing method described in claim 1 or 2; It is characterized in that: described print system includes central control system, hot melt sex pilus material, charging tray, supercharging shower nozzle, self-powered platform, wire feeder, hot melt glue rod, glue spray first class sections; The process softwares such as the external central control system control hierarchy of 3D printer, generate STL numerical control code by the process of cad model hierarchy slicing; Hot melt sex pilus material is wrapped on charging tray, drives charging tray to rotate by wire feeder; Hot melt sex pilus material, hot melt are more excellent to be sent to modified supercharging shower nozzle, glue shower nozzle under the frictional force effect of wire feeder, and wherein, glue shower nozzle is used for every layer and prints front sprinkling glue; First control glue shower nozzle and first spray one deck glue in program formulation region, the object of spraying glue is sticky glutinous shaping under microgravity state after melt-out spinning is extruded; The shower nozzle of modified supercharging is subsequently shaping according to same track spray silk according to the appointment of program, under the acting in conjunction of melting silk material extruded by glue and pressurization, just defines the profile of workpiece after material cooled.

4. print system according to claim 3; It is characterized in that: described modified supercharging shower nozzle includes gas access, circular cone contraction section, cylindrical shape trunnion, heating arrangements, circular cone diffuser, material extrusion outlet, conveying pipeline, conveying pipeline internal channel, the reducing of conveying pipeline; Circular cone contraction section, cylindrical shape trunnion, circular cone diffuser and material extrusion outlet is sequentially under gas access; Meanwhile, cylindrical shape trunnion connects conveying pipeline; The conveying pipeline other end is the reducing of conveying pipeline; Conveying pipeline internal channel is had in conveying pipeline; Heating arrangements is arranged on outside cylindrical shape trunnion, circular cone diffuser and conveying pipeline, heats this part; When pressurization gas enters from gas access, and by circular cone contraction section, now swiftly flowing gas produces low pressure to accelerate gas flow rate from the coarse to fine by cylindrical shape trunnion air-flow, thus produces suction-operated at cylindrical shape trunnion place; During by heating arrangements, the silk material of conveying pipeline internal channel can be made to form molten condition, the cylindrical shape trunnion having arrived low pressure also can enter circular cone diffuser because of suction-operated along with air mixes together, finally by material extrusion outlet extrusion molding.

5. print system according to claim 4; It is characterized in that: described glue shower nozzle is consistent with the structure of modified supercharging shower nozzle.

6. the print system according to claim 3,4 or 5; It is characterized in that: described print system has a fairlead between charging tray and supercharging shower nozzle, fairlead adopt low friction material make in case material can smoothly exactly by charging tray to supercharging shower nozzle.

7. the print system according to claim 3,4 or 5; It is characterized in that: print system takes hermetically sealed Environment Design; 3D printer, completing physical print and after cooling a period of time, opening the micronic dust that dust collection equipment absorbs printing device, then by mechanical arm, entity is positioned over isolated area, adopts insulating glass by 3D print job zone isolation, takes out entity.

8. print system according to claim 6; It is characterized in that: print system takes hermetically sealed Environment Design; 3D printer, completing physical print and after cooling a period of time, opening the micronic dust that dust collection equipment absorbs printing device, then by mechanical arm, entity is positioned over isolated area, adopts insulating glass by 3D print job zone isolation, takes out entity.

9. the spray silk flow control methods of the print system described in an any one claim; It is characterized in that: described method utilizes modified supercharging nozzle structure, the mode that jet pipe pressure-air stream blows out from aperture and make melted material produce vacuum gravitation to cause gas-liquid to mix at mixing chamber; Namely between the gas access of modified supercharging shower nozzle and material extrusion outlet, there is the cylindrical shape trunnion of a reduced cross-sectional; When gas or liquid within it flow, at the narrowest place of pipeline, dynamic pressure reaches maximum, and static pressure reaches minimum of a value; The speed of gas or liquid rises because of the relation of cross-section variation of shoving; Size and the melted material flow of vacuum can be regulated by the size of Air blowing speed; Calculate according to Bernoulli's theorem equation and can obtain its flow velocity and flow, and controlled pressure size.

10. spray silk flow control methods according to claim 9; It is characterized in that: when calculating rate of discharge, according to ideally not considering the drag effect that fluid is subject to, gas access and cylindrical shape trunnion area of section are respectively A ₁, A ₂, gas access and cylindrical shape throat flow velocity are respectively v ₁, v ₂, potential energy is respectively z ₁, z ₂, kinetic energy correction factor is α ₁, α ₂, ρ represents fluid density, when pipe radius is determined, flow Q only with variable pressure p ₁, p ₂relevant, p ₁: Venturi tube inlet pressure pa; p ₂: trunnion inlet pressure pa.

Rate of discharge is that following formula is as follows, has two section row Bernoulli equations:

$z_1+\frac{p_1}{\mathrm{\ρ}g}+\frac{{\mathrm{\α}}_1{v_1}^2}{2g}=z_2+\frac{p_2}{\mathrm{\ρ}g}+\frac{{\mathrm{\α}}_2{v_2}^2}{2g}---\left(1\right)$

Continuity equation: Q=v ₁a ₁=v ₂a ₂

$Q=v_1\frac{{{\mathrm{\πd}}_1}^2}{4}=v_2\frac{{{\mathrm{\πd}}_2}^2}{4}---\left(2\right)$

Can be obtained by (1), (2) two formula simultaneous:

$Q=\frac{\frac{{{\mathrm{\πd}}_1}^2}{4}}{\sqrt{{\left(\frac{{d_1}^2}{{d_2}^2}\right)}^4-1}}\sqrt{2g\[(z_1+p_1/\mathrm{\ρ}g)-(z_2+p_2/\mathrm{\ρ}g)\]}$

Consider the microgravity condition g ≈ 0 under space environment, simplification of a formula is obtained

$Q=\frac{\frac{{{\mathrm{\πd}}_1}^2}{4}}{\sqrt{{\left(\frac{{d_1}^2}{{d_2}^2}\right)}^4-1}}\sqrt{2g(z_1-z_2)+2\left(\frac{p_1-p_2}{\mathrm{\ρ}}\right)}=\frac{\frac{{{\mathrm{\πd}}_1}^2}{4}}{\sqrt{{\left(\frac{{d_1}^2}{{d_2}^2}\right)}^4-1}}\sqrt{2\left(\frac{p_1-p_2}{\mathrm{\ρ}}\right)}.$