CN105033386B - Method for welding titanium or titanium alloy with 2219 aluminum alloy - Google Patents
Method for welding titanium or titanium alloy with 2219 aluminum alloy Download PDFInfo
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- CN105033386B CN105033386B CN201510359017.0A CN201510359017A CN105033386B CN 105033386 B CN105033386 B CN 105033386B CN 201510359017 A CN201510359017 A CN 201510359017A CN 105033386 B CN105033386 B CN 105033386B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
- B23K1/008—Soldering within a furnace
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
- B23K1/005—Soldering by means of radiant energy
- B23K1/0056—Soldering by means of radiant energy soldering by means of beams, e.g. lasers, E.B.
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
- B23K1/19—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering taking account of the properties of the materials to be soldered
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/18—Dissimilar materials
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- Welding Or Cutting Using Electron Beams (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for welding titanium or titanium alloy with 2219 aluminum alloy and belongs to the field of metal connection. In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, first, a proper transition material needs to be found. The material needs to have great weldability (fusion welding, or high-energy beam welding or brazing) with titanium, titanium alloy and 2219 aluminum alloy, and the material self needs to have high strength and tenacity. Comprehensive performance comparison shows that the material has great brazing weldability with 3A21 aluminum alloy, the titanium and the titanium alloy and has great electron beam welding weldability with 2219 aluminum alloy, and a reliable welding joint can be formed in any case. The connecting technology is successfully used into an XX-1 or XX-2 level PMD management device structure and has a great application effect.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to metal connection area, is related to the welding method of titanium or titanium alloy and 2219 aluminium alloys.
Background technology
Different metal materials welding is the important problem in welding technology field, because dissimilar metal is in physical property, change
The significant difference of the aspects such as performance is learned, causes its welding process more more complex than same metal, quality of weld joint is difficult to protect
Card.Ti and Al are two kinds of widely used engineering materials, and they have each different excellent properties, in Aeronautics and Astronautics and vapour
Be to realize the lightweight of structural member in the industry such as car, in a large number using aluminium alloy and titanium alloy as structural material, by titanium alloy with
Aluminium alloy connects to form composite construction and have broad application prospects.
With all kinds of satellites and the mission need of satellite group of high, medium and low track large number of both at home and abroad.China is existing
Carrier rocket is difficult to meet growing satellite launch demand, and the research of Upper Stage can make China's carrier rocket meet GEO
Satellite, MEO satellite, survey of deep space and other many stars for having particular/special requirement are launched and track deployment requirements.Consider tank material with
The factor such as the hydrogen peroxide compatibility and processing technique, Upper Stage tank adopts 2219 aluminium alloys as tank material, and manages
Device PMD is titanium sponge, and managing device and tank take titanium aluminum transit joint type of attachment.Therefore titanium aluminum transit joint connects skill
The breakthrough of art will advance the development of space industry advanced upper stage, and titanium aluminum transit joint can be in the army and the people such as Aero-Space and automobile
Promoted the use of with dependency structure, so as to realize structural member lightweight and other Functional Requirements.
Titanium or titanium alloy and the existing welding method of 2219 aluminium alloys, such as argon tungsten-arc welding, electron beam weldering and soldering,
Reliable welding can not be carried out, reason is that titanium, aluminum have metallurgical incompatibility, if melted using argon tungsten-arc welding or electron beam etc.
The welding method of weldering, welding point can produce Intermatallic Ti-Al compound, and the compound is brittlement phase so that welding point is basic
Do not possess practical value；Because 2219 aluminium alloys are the higher aluminium alloys of alloying level, wherein containing about 6% or so copper and
Some other alloying element such as Ti, Zr, V, Mn etc., the presence of these elements causes 2219 aluminum alloy melting temperature relatively low, and about 540
DEG C or so, less than existing aluminium base solder solidus temperature (BAl88Si, 580 DEG C), so directly soldering is infeasible.
If it can be seen that a kind of suitable transition material can be found, designing and preparing the connection of titanium or titanium alloy and aluminium alloy
Transit joint, the transit joint can form respectively reliable with titanium or titanium alloy, 2219 aluminium alloys under the conditions of existing welding method
Welding point, then can just solve the Welding Problems of titanium or titanium alloy and 2219 aluminium alloys.The present invention is namely based on this purpose
And research and develop.
The content of the invention
The present invention technology solve technical problem be：Overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, there is provided a kind of titanium or titanium alloy
With 2219 Welded methods, titanium or titanium alloy and 2219 aluminium alloys, two kinds of different metal material reliability Welding Problems are solved.
The technical solution used in the present invention is：
The welding method of titanium or titanium alloy and 2219 aluminium alloys, step is as follows：
The first step, processes pipe fitting to be welded, and by Cleaning of Parts to be welded is clean, drying；The pipe fitting to be welded includes
Titanium or titanium alloy, 2219 aluminium alloys and 3A21 aluminium alloys；
Second step, 3A21 aluminium alloys are assembled with titanium or titanium alloy；
3rd step, from aluminium base solder BAl88Si, main component is Si:10.0～13%, Cu:4.0～6.0%Mg:
1.2～2.0 balance of Al, are weight percentage, and solder is put into the surface to be welded or solder of the workpiece assembled in step 2
In groove；
4th step, the workpiece to be welded for assembling solder is put into into vacuum brazing furnace carries out soldering, forms brazing member；Soldering is advised
Model：First 10 DEG C/min rises to 500～550 DEG C, insulation 100min, then 5 DEG C/min rise to 590～650 ± 10 DEG C, insulation 8～
20min, is then shut off heating power supply furnace cooling, and furnace temperature is cooled to less than 100 DEG C and comes out of the stove, and vacuum pressure is not more than in heating process
5×10-2Pa；
5th step, to soldered fitting airtight detection and ultrasound detection are carried out；
6th step, the brazing member is assembled with 2219 aluminium alloy；
7th step, using vacuum electron beam welding method, by 3A21 aluminium alloys one end in brazing member and 2219 aluminum alloy weldings
Pick up and, welding conditions are：Accelerating potential 60KV, focus current 350mA, welding line 12mA；
8th step, to electro-beam welding joint airtight detection is carried out, and completes the welding of titanium or titanium alloy and 2219 aluminium alloys.
When the pipe fitting to be welded is pipe fitting, titanium or titanium alloy pipe fitting and 3A21 Aluminum Alloy Tube grafting, grafting joint
Place, titanium or titanium alloy pipe fitting are built in 3A21 Aluminum Alloy Tubes, and grafting distance is not less than 5mm；Titanium or titanium alloy pipe fitting and 3A21
After Aluminum Alloy Tube is brazed together, welded together by way of butt welding or soldering and sealing with 2219 Aluminum Alloy Tubes.
After titanium or titanium alloy pipe fitting are brazed together with 3A21 Aluminum Alloy Tubes, with 2219 Aluminum Alloy Tubes butt welding is adopted
When, 3A21 Aluminum Alloy Tubes one end is welded with 2219 Aluminum Alloy Tubes, not little with the distance between soldered seam at butt welding
In 10mm.
After titanium or titanium alloy pipe fitting are brazed together with 3A21 Aluminum Alloy Tubes, with 2219 Aluminum Alloy Tubes soldering and sealing is adopted
When, after titanium or titanium alloy pipe fitting and 3A21 Aluminum Alloy Tubes are brazed together, in 2219 Aluminum Alloy Tubes of insertion, and 3A21 aluminum is closed
The end of golden pipe fitting flushes with 2219 Aluminum Alloy Tube ends, the distance between the end of 3A21 Aluminum Alloy Tubes and soldered seam
Not less than 10mm.
, with during 3A21 Aluminum Alloy Tube grafting, fit-up gap is 0.03～0.08mm for titanium or titanium alloy pipe fitting.
Tube outer diameter 10～the 200mm of φ of the pipe fitting to be welded, tube wall thickness δ are 0.5～10mm.
When the pipe fitting to be welded is plate, titanium or titanium alloy plate are docked with 2219 aluminium alloy panels, corner connection
Or during overlap joint welding, by 3A21 aluminium alloy panels transition is carried out.
What technical solution of the present invention was brought has the beneficial effect that：
(1) present invention achieves the reliable welding between dissimilar metal, solves the insurmountable difficult problem of prior art.Weldering
Soldered seam (titanium or titanium alloy and 3A21 aluminium alloys) intensity can reach more than the 85% of 3A21 intensity of aluminum alloy, electricity in joint
Beamlet weld seam (3A21 aluminium alloys and 2219 aluminium alloys) intensity can reach more than the 90% of 3A21 intensity of aluminum alloy.
(2) present invention is reduced when titanium or titanium alloy is connected with 3A21 aluminium alloy brazings using Al-Si-Cu-Mg solders and connect
The possibility of head corrosion, so as to effectively avoid weld defect, improves strength of joint.
(3) the titanium or titanium alloy joint of present invention design is built in the connected mode of 3A21 aluminum alloy joints, by difference
Expansion coefficient difference realizes solder side and is brought into close contact when material is heated, so as to reach reliable connection.
(4) play movement of present invention design and process curve realize titanium or titanium alloy and reliably connect with 3A21 aluminium alloys
Connect, brazed seam ratio of brazing area reaches more than 95%, and bearing strength is worked as with matrix phase.
(5) using soldering and the composite welding process of electron beam in the present invention, it is ensured that strength of joint.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is dissimilar metal butt welding structure schematic diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is dissimilar metal soldering and sealing structural representation of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
The welding structure of titanium or titanium alloy and 2219 aluminium alloys is used for carrier rocket Upper Stage tank and connects with PMD managing devices
Connect, meet GEO satellite, MEO satellite, survey of deep space and other many stars for having particular/special requirement and launch and track deployment requirements.At present
Have been used for the Upper Stage of -1 ×× of carrier rocket ×× -2.The breakthrough of titanium aluminum transit joint interconnection technique will advance space industry advanced
The development of Upper Stage, while titanium aluminum transit joint can be promoted the use of in the military-civil dependency structure such as Aero-Space and automobile,
So as to realize structural member lightweight and other Functional Requirements.
It is difficult to solder between dissimilar metal in order to solve the problems, such as prior art, especially titanium or titanium alloy and 2219 aluminum
The problem that cannot be welded between alloy, the present invention proposes the welding method of a kind of titanium or titanium alloy and 2219 aluminium alloys.
To reach the purpose to be reached of the invention, first have to find a kind of suitable transition material, this material needs
Possess has good solderability (melting welding or high energy beam weldering or soldering), and itself with titanium or titanium alloy and 2219 aluminium alloys
There is higher intensity and toughness.Contrasted by combination property, discovery has a kind of aluminium alloy, and the trade mark is 3A21, its typical composition
For：
| Material trademark | Si | Fe | Cu | Mn | Mg | Zn | Ti | Al |
| 3A21 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.20 | 1.0-1.6 | 0.05 | 0.10 | 0.15 | Surplus |
Its solidus temperature is 643 DEG C, and liquidus temperature is 654 DEG C.
It is found by experiment that 3A21 aluminium alloys have good soldering solderability with titanium or titanium alloy, with 2219 aluminium alloys tool
There is good electron beam weldering solderability, can form reliable welding point.
The present invention is namely based on above-mentioned thinking, using 3A21 aluminium alloys as transition metal, is welded using soldering and electron beam,
Realize the reliable welding of titanium or titanium alloy and 2219 aluminium alloys.
The titanium or the welding method step of titanium alloy and 2219 aluminium alloys that the present invention is provided is as follows,
The first step, processes pipe fitting to be welded, and by Cleaning of Parts to be welded is clean, drying；The pipe fitting to be welded includes
Titanium or titanium alloy, 2219 aluminium alloys and 3A21 aluminium alloys；
Second step, 3A21 aluminium alloys are assembled with titanium or titanium alloy；Titanium or titanium alloy pipe fitting are built in the conjunction of 3A21 aluminum
Golden pipe fitting, inserting depth is not less than 5mm, and reserves solder trough, and fit clearance is 0.03-0.08mm, so as to ensure during welding
Solder side is brought into close contact and smoothly flows into brazing surface with solder and form continuous densification brazed seam, it is ensured that strength of joint.
3rd step, from aluminium base solder AlSiCuMg, main component is Si:10.0～13%, Cu:4.0～6.0%Mg:
1.2～2.0 balance of Al, are weight percentage, and solder is put into the surface to be welded or solder of the workpiece assembled in step 2
In groove；
4th step, the workpiece to be welded for assembling solder is put into into vacuum brazing furnace carries out soldering, forms brazing member；Soldering is advised
Model：First 10 DEG C/min rises to 500～550 DEG C, insulation 100min, then 5 DEG C/min rise to 590～650 ± 10 DEG C, insulation 8～
20min, is then shut off heating power supply furnace cooling, and furnace temperature is cooled to less than 100 DEG C and comes out of the stove, and vacuum pressure is not more than in heating process
5×10-2Pa；
5th step, to soldered fitting airtight detection and ultrasound detection are carried out；
6th step, the brazing member is assembled with 2219 aluminium alloy；
7th step, using vacuum electron beam welding method, by brazing member and 2219 Aluminum Alloy Tubes by butt welding or soldering and sealing
Mode weld together, welding conditions are：Accelerating potential 60KV, focus current 350mA, welding line 12mA.
As shown in figure 1, after titanium or titanium alloy pipe fitting are brazed together with 3A21 Aluminum Alloy Tubes, with 2219 Aluminum Alloy Tubes
Using during butt welding, 3A21 Aluminum Alloy Tubes one end is welded with 2219 Aluminum Alloy Tubes, at butt welding and soldered seam between
Distance is not less than 10mm.
Tube outer diameter 10～200m of φ, δ are 0.5～10mm, and centre is and wall thickness and the isodiametric 3A21 such as welded piece
Aluminum alloy ring.First 3A21 Aluminum Alloy Tubes are got up with titanium or titanium alloy pipe fitting welding using soldering, then with melting welding or electron beam
Welding method gets up 2219 aluminium alloys with 3A21 Weldeds, forms reliable joints.
As shown in Fig. 2 after titanium or titanium alloy pipe fitting are brazed together with 3A21 Aluminum Alloy Tubes, with 2219 Aluminum Alloy Tubes
Using during soldering and sealing, after titanium or titanium alloy pipe fitting are brazed together with 3A21 Aluminum Alloy Tubes, in 2219 Aluminum Alloy Tubes of insertion, and
The end of 3A21 Aluminum Alloy Tubes flushes with 2219 Aluminum Alloy Tube ends, the end of 3A21 Aluminum Alloy Tubes and soldered seam it
Between distance be not less than 10mm.
The present invention also can be suitably used for 2219 aluminium alloys and titanium or titanium alloy different-metal material welding of other structures, such as 2219 aluminum
The docking of plate-titanium or titanium alloy plate, corner connection and joint form.
8th step, to electro-beam welding joint airtight detection is carried out, and completes the welding of titanium or titanium alloy and 2219 aluminium alloys.
Embodiment 1
The first step, by Fig. 1 part is processed, and by Cleaning of Parts to be welded is clean, drying；
Second step, 3A21 Aluminum Alloy Tubes are assembled on request with TC4 titanium alloy pipe fittings；
3rd step, from aluminium base solder AlSiCuMg, main component is Si:10.0～13%, Cu:4.0～6.0%Mg:
1.2～2.0 balance of Al, make solder suitable shape and are put in solder trough；
4th step, by the workpiece to be welded for assembling solder vacuum brazing furnace, soldering specification are put into：First 10 DEG C/min rises to
550 DEG C, insulation 100min, then 5 DEG C/min rise to 600 ± 10 DEG C, insulation 8～20min, be then shut off heating power supply cold with stove
But, furnace temperature is cooled to less than 100 DEG C and comes out of the stove, and vacuum pressure is not more than 5 × 10 in heating process-2Pa；
5th step, airtight and ultrasound detection and stretching resistance test are carried out to soldered fitting；Brazed seam is continuously fine and close, under 3MPa
Pressurize 5min is without leakage；Ratio of brazing area is more than 95%, and brazed assembly surface is without phenomenons such as peeling, bubble, corrodes；Flawless, pore
Etc. penetrance defect.Break force value and be not less than 50KN；Failure occurs in matrix, illustrates that strength of joint is worked as with matrix phase.
6th step, brazing member is assembled with 2219 Aluminum Alloy Tubes；
7th step, using vacuum electron beam welding method, brazing member 3A21 one end is got up with 2219 Weldeds, weldering
Connecing specification is：Accelerating potential 60KV, focus current 350mA, weld line 12mA；
8th step, to electro-beam welding joint airtight detection is carried out.
Embodiment 2
The first step, by Fig. 1 part is processed, and by Cleaning of Parts to be welded is clean, drying；
Second step, 3A21 Aluminum Alloy Tubes are assembled on request with TC4 titanium alloy pipe fittings；
3rd step, from aluminium base solder BAl88Si, main component is Si:10.0～13%, Cu:4.0～6.0%Mg:
1.2～2.0 balance of Al, make solder suitable shape and are put in solder trough；
4th step, by the workpiece to be welded for assembling solder vacuum brazing furnace, soldering specification are put into：First 10 DEG C/min rises to
550 DEG C, insulation 100min, then 5 DEG C/min rise to 620 ± 10 DEG C, insulation 8～20min, be then shut off heating power supply cold with stove
But, furnace temperature is cooled to less than 100 DEG C and comes out of the stove, and vacuum pressure is not more than 5 × 10 in heating process-2Pa；
5th step, airtight, ultrasonic, stretching resistance detection is carried out to soldered fitting；
6th step, brazing member is assembled with 2219 Aluminum Alloy Tubes；
7th step, using vacuum electron beam welding method, brazing member 3A21 one end is got up with 2219 Weldeds, weldering
Connecing specification is：Accelerating potential 60KV, focus current 320mA, weld line 15mA；
8th step, to electro-beam welding joint airtight detection is carried out.
Claims (7)
1. the welding method of titanium or titanium alloy and 2219 aluminium alloys, it is characterised in that step is as follows：
The first step, processes pipe fitting to be welded, and by Cleaning of Parts to be welded is clean, drying；The pipe fitting to be welded include titanium or
Titanium alloy, 2219 aluminium alloys and 3A21 aluminium alloys；
Second step, 3A21 aluminium alloys are assembled with titanium or titanium alloy；
3rd step, from aluminium base solder AlSiCuMg, main component is Si:10.0～13%, Cu:4.0～6.0%Mg:1.2～
2.0 balance of Al, are weight percentage, during solder to be put into the surface to be welded of the workpiece assembled in step 2 or solder trough；
4th step, the workpiece to be welded for assembling solder is put into into vacuum brazing furnace carries out soldering, forms brazing member；Soldering specification：
First 10 DEG C/min rises to 500～550 DEG C, insulation 100min, then 5 DEG C/min rises to 590～650 ± 10 DEG C, 8～20min of insulation,
Heating power supply furnace cooling is then shut off, furnace temperature is cooled to less than 100 DEG C and comes out of the stove, and vacuum pressure is not more than 5 × 10 in heating process- 2Pa；
5th step, to soldered fitting airtight detection and ultrasound detection are carried out；
6th step, the brazing member is assembled with 2219 aluminium alloy；
7th step, using vacuum electron beam welding method, 3A21 aluminium alloys one end in brazing member and 2219 aluminum alloy weldings is picked up
Come, welding conditions are：Accelerating potential 60KV, focus current 350mA, welding line 12mA；
8th step, to electro-beam welding joint airtight detection is carried out, and completes the welding of titanium or titanium alloy and 2219 aluminium alloys.
2. the welding method of titanium according to claim 1 or titanium alloy and 2219 aluminium alloys, it is characterised in that：It is described to be welded
When pipe fitting is pipe fitting, titanium or titanium alloy pipe fitting and 3A21 Aluminum Alloy Tube grafting, grafting joint, titanium or titanium alloy pipe fitting
3A21 Aluminum Alloy Tubes are built in, grafting distance is not less than 5mm；Titanium or titanium alloy pipe fitting are with 3A21 Aluminum Alloy Tube solderings one
After rising, welded together by way of butt welding or soldering and sealing with 2219 Aluminum Alloy Tubes.
3. the welding method of titanium according to claim 2 or titanium alloy and 2219 aluminium alloys, it is characterised in that：Titanium or titanium are closed
After golden pipe fitting is brazed together with 3A21 Aluminum Alloy Tubes, when adopting butt welding with 2219 Aluminum Alloy Tubes, 3A21 Aluminum Alloy Tubes
One end is welded with 2219 Aluminum Alloy Tubes, and 10mm is not less than with the distance between soldered seam at butt welding.
4. the welding method of titanium according to claim 2 or titanium alloy and 2219 aluminium alloys, it is characterised in that：Titanium or titanium are closed
After golden pipe fitting and 3A21 Aluminum Alloy Tubes are brazed together, when adopting soldering and sealing with 2219 Aluminum Alloy Tubes, titanium or titanium alloy pipe fitting
After being brazed together with 3A21 Aluminum Alloy Tubes, insertion 2219 Aluminum Alloy Tubes in, and the end of 3A21 Aluminum Alloy Tubes with
2219 Aluminum Alloy Tube ends flush, and the distance between the end of 3A21 Aluminum Alloy Tubes and soldered seam are not less than 10mm.
5. the welding method of titanium according to claim 2 or titanium alloy and 2219 aluminium alloys, it is characterised in that：Titanium or titanium are closed
With during 3A21 Aluminum Alloy Tube grafting, fit-up gap is 0.03～0.08mm to golden pipe fitting.
6. the welding method of titanium according to claim 1 or titanium alloy and 2219 aluminium alloys, it is characterised in that：It is described to be welded
Tube outer diameter 10～the 200mm of φ of pipe fitting, tube wall thickness δ are 0.5～10mm.
7. the welding method of titanium according to claim 1 or titanium alloy and 2219 aluminium alloys, it is characterised in that：It is described to be welded
When pipe fitting is plate, titanium or titanium alloy plate are docked with 2219 aluminium alloy panels, corner connection or during overlap joint welding, are passed through
3A21 aluminium alloy panels carry out transition.
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| CN109332896B (en) * | 2018-11-16 | 2021-02-09 | 航天材料及工艺研究所 | Welding method for 2219/3A21 dissimilar aluminum alloy socket structure |
| CN110541093B (en) * | 2019-09-19 | 2021-01-19 | 常州工程职业技术学院 | Metal filling material for regulating brittle phase in titanium-aluminum dissimilar metal welding joint and application thereof |
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