CN105030415B - 一种非油性不粘连抑菌敷料 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种非油性不粘连抑菌敷料，由多个功能结构层由内而外缝制而成，功能结构层包括抑菌防粘连层，抑菌防粘连层由上覆盖层、下覆盖层、缓释层组成，上、下覆盖层的分子空隙间吸附有带正电荷的活性生物抗菌制剂，上覆盖层和下覆盖层之间设有缓释层，缓释层由包含抑菌制剂的缓释膜组成，抑菌防粘连层外表面层压有变色层，变色层的颜色随抑菌防粘连层结构内的抑菌剂的减少由红色变为紫色，变色层外表面层压有高分子吸收层，高分子吸收层外表面层压有辅助层，辅助层外表面层压有防水层，防水层表面设有粘条。本发明具有较强的抑菌防粘连效果，同时采用物理抑菌，无毒副作用，且可明确标示敷料的更换周期，自带有粘附功能，使用便捷。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及医疗用品技术领域，具体地说，尤其涉及一种非油性不粘连抑菌敷料。
背景技术
纱布是一种经纬稀疏的棉织品，其表面有着明显的网格，按照用途可分为民用纱布、工业纱布和医用纱布，其中医用脱脂纱布和脱脂棉是医疗行业用作患者伤口包扎、保护、清理等用途的主要卫生材料，是可安全使用的天然护理材料，其在医疗机构中不可或缺，但目前存在着以下问题：第一、纱布的覆盖面敷盖在患者伤口处，容易粘连患者的创伤口，对创伤口造成二次伤害；第二、纱布覆盖在患者的创口，由于创口的愈合情况不一，故纱布的更换周期需凭借感知，无法根据实际情况预估是否更换纱布，第三、纱布与患者伤口粘结，需医护人员截取胶带进行粘结，操作复杂，消耗相应的耗材。目前市场上的敷料主要采用凡士林油纱布、不粘性薄膜隔离等方法解决粘连创伤口的问题，但其无法吸附创面用药渗出液，且无法保证创面的透气，使创面处于密闭环境下，不利于伤口的恢复。
发明内容
本发明公开了一种非油性不粘连抑菌敷料，用于解决传统技术中敷料抑菌时间短暂、粘连创面、无法准确判断更换周期、容易掉落的问题。
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的：
一种非油性不粘连抑菌敷料，由多个功能结构层由内而外缝制而成，所述功能结构层包括抑菌防粘连层，所述抑菌防粘连层由上覆盖层、下覆盖层、缓释层组成，所述上、下覆盖层均由1～2层纱布缝制而成，所述上、下覆盖层的分子空隙间吸附有带正电荷的活性生物抗菌制剂，所述上覆盖层和所述下覆盖层之间设有缓释层，所述缓释层由包含抑菌制剂的缓释膜组成，所述抑菌防粘连层外表面层压有变色层，所述变色层的颜色随所述抑菌防粘连层结构内的抑菌剂的减少由红色变为紫色，所述变色层外表面层压有高分子吸收层，所述高分子吸收层外表面层压有辅助层，所述辅助层外表面层压有防水层，所述防水层表面设有粘条。
所述缓释层内部吸附有抑菌制剂。
所述缓释层外部为膜体结构。
所述缓释层可采用甲壳素、壳聚糖作为试剂载体。
所述高分子吸收层由高吸水性树脂制成。
所述辅助层由无纺棉经环氧乙烷消毒制成。
所述防水层由无纺布经环氧乙烷消毒制成。
所述粘条沿所述防水层的延伸方向设置。
一种非油性不粘连抑菌敷料制备方法，包括如下步骤：
1)将1～2层纱布缝制成上、下覆盖层，再将上、下覆盖层投入带正电荷的活性生物抗菌剂中浸泡一段时间后，进行压辊、高温处理；
2)将步骤1)中的产物投入到由硅油、阳离子表面活性剂乳化配制而成的防粘剂中，浸泡一段时间后，再进行压辊、高温烘干，得粗抑菌防粘连层；
3)将抑菌消炎药物倒入甲壳素或壳聚糖中，利用流涎法制成缓释膜，再将缓释膜放入上、下覆盖层中间缝制，得抑菌防粘连层；
4)在抑菌防粘连层外表面铸塑带有变色颗粒的变色层；
5)通过丙烯酸聚合反应生成聚丙烯酸类高吸水性树脂，制成高分子吸收层，同时将高分子吸收层铸塑在变色层外表面；
6)将无纺棉经环氧乙烷消毒后，形成辅助层，并将其铸塑在高分子吸收层外表面，同时将无纺布经环氧乙烷消毒后，形成防水层，并将其铸塑在辅助层外表面，同时在防水层的轴向方向上通过高温辊接有粘条。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：
本发明通过将上、下覆盖层浸泡在带正电荷的活性生物抑菌剂中，使纤维表面形成正电场，而细菌的细胞壁是由酸和磷脂阴离子等组成，其表面形成负电场，从而击破细菌的细胞壁，达到抑菌的效果，其过程采用物理抑菌的方式，无毒副作用；
本发明中的缓释膜采用甲壳素、壳聚糖作为载体，利用其自身的骨架结构，可容纳足够多的抑菌制剂，从而缓慢、均匀释放抑菌剂，可控制其在上、下覆盖层表面的正电荷离子消耗后，通过缓释抑菌剂，达到后期抑菌的延续，使整个抑菌过程均匀进行，达到温和抑菌的效果，且壳聚糖自身官能团带有正电荷，易吸引细菌，损害胞壁结构，使其中的内容物漏出，同样达到抑菌的效果，从而延长了抑菌的有效时间；
本发明对上、下覆盖层在硅油、阳离子表面活性剂中长时间浸润，降低上、下覆盖层的表面张力，使其表面的高分子基团定向排列形成透气膜，达到柔软、透气、无粘连的效果，避免造成伤口的二次受伤；
本发明中通过在薄膜层中增加变色颗粒，使其随抑菌防粘连层结构内的抑菌剂的减少由红色变为紫色，可明确显示缓释膜中抑菌剂的额定分量，从而提醒病人及医护人员对敷料进行更换，明确了敷料的更换周期，有利于伤口愈合的预估；
本发明中高分子吸收层采用高吸水性能的树脂制成，其可吸收创伤面的渗出液，防止伤口积液堆积，为伤口提供了干净、清爽的愈合环境，避免伤口因渗出液堆积而发生感染、细菌增生、化脓的情况，而且利用防水层在锁定水分的同时，避免水分渗漏，造成患者衣物、器具的污染，且在防水层表面设有轴向粘条，可随时粘附在患者皮肤表面，避免敷料的脱落，无需再截取胶带，操作便捷。
附图说明
图1是本发明的结构示意图；
图2是本发明的俯视图。
图中：1、抑菌防粘连层；11、上覆盖层；12、下覆盖层；13、缓释层；2、变色层；3、高分子吸收层；4、辅助层；5、防水层；6、粘条。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图并通过实施例对本发明作进一步的说明：
本发明一种非油性不粘连抑菌敷料，由多个功能结构层由内而外缝制而成，所述功能结构层包括抑菌防粘连层1，所述抑菌防粘连层1由上覆盖层11、下覆盖层12、缓释层13组成，所述上覆盖层11、下覆盖层12均由1～2层纱布缝制而成，所述上覆盖层11、下覆盖层12的分子空隙间吸附有带正电荷的活性生物抗菌制剂，所述上覆盖层11和所述下覆盖层12之间设有缓释层13，所述缓释层13由包含抑菌制剂的缓释膜组成，所述抑菌防粘连层1外表面层压有变色层2，所述变色层2的颜色随所述抑菌防粘连层1结构内的抑菌剂的减少由红色变为紫色，所述变色层2外表面层压有高分子吸收层3，所述高分子吸收层3外表面层压有辅助层4，所述辅助层4外表面层压有防水层5，所述防水层5表面设有粘条6。
所述缓释层13内部吸附有抑菌制剂。
所述缓释层13外部为膜体结构。
所述缓释层13可采用甲壳素、壳聚糖作为试剂载体。
所述高分子吸收层3由高吸水性树脂制成。
所述辅助层4由无纺棉经环氧乙烷消毒制成。
所述防水层5由无纺布经环氧乙烷消毒制成。
所述粘条6沿所述防水层5的延伸方向设置。
本发明一种非油性不粘连抑菌敷料制备方法，包括如下步骤：
1)将1～2层纱布缝制成上、下覆盖层，再将上、下覆盖层投入带正电荷的活性生物抗菌剂中浸润10～20min，再进行辊压脱水，并将其放入真空干燥箱内进行真空干燥5～20min，温度保持在80℃～130℃；
2)将硅油、阳离子表面活性剂按一定比例进行乳化，配制成防粘剂，同时将步骤1)中的产物投入到其中浸泡一定时间，再进行压辊脱水、高温烘干，得粗抑菌防粘连层；
3)将抑菌消炎药物倒入甲壳素或壳聚糖中，利用流涎法制成缓释膜，再将缓释膜放入上、下覆盖层中间缝制，得抑菌防粘连层；
4)在抑菌防粘连层外表面铸塑带有变色颗粒的变色层；
5)通过丙烯酸聚合反应生成聚丙烯酸类高吸水性树脂，制成高分子吸收层，同时将高分子吸收层铸塑在变色层外表面；
6)将无纺棉经环氧乙烷消毒后，形成辅助层，并将其铸塑在高分子吸收层外表面，同时将无纺布经环氧乙烷消毒后，形成防水层，并将其铸塑在辅助层外表面，同时在防水层的轴向方向上通过高温辊接有粘条。
本发明利用甲壳素、壳聚糖天然高分子材料自身的结构及官能团，使其具备抑菌功能的同时还具备缓释抑菌剂的功能，达到缓慢释放抑菌剂的效果，从而对伤口达到持续抑菌的作用，延长了抑菌的有效时间，同时采用上、下覆盖层表面的正电场对细菌表面的负电场进行击破，破坏细菌的细胞壁，达到物理抑菌的效果，无需采用化学抑菌，无毒副作用，且采用硅油、阳离子表面活性剂改变上、下覆盖层表面的高分子基团的排列结构，使其表面形成透气膜，降低其粘附力，达到与伤口不粘的目的，其易揭力小于0.3N。且采用变色层可准确标示缓释层内抑菌剂的含量，从而方便医护人员和患者判断敷料的更换周期。同时高分子吸收层由吸液量为自重100～1000倍的高吸水性树脂制成，伤口表面大量的水分被高分子吸收层吸纳，使高分子吸收层急速膨胀，由于高分子吸收层的分子结构上具有大量的亲水性基团，使其具备吸水功能的同时还具备保湿的功能，且防水层采用无纺布，避免水分外流在患者皮肤表面或者器具表面而造成污染，防水层表面设置的粘条可依据需要直接粘附在皮肤表面，避免了敷料的脱落。
综上所述，仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并非用来限定本发明实施的范围，凡依本发明权利要求范围所述的形状、构造、特征及精神所为的均等变化与修饰，均应包括于本发明的权利要求范围内。
Claims (8)
1.一种非油性不粘连抑菌敷料，由多个功能结构层由内而外缝制而成，其特征在于：所述功能结构层包括抑菌防粘连层(1)，所述抑菌防粘连层(1)由上覆盖层(11)、下覆盖层(12)、缓释层(13)组成，所述上覆盖层(11)、下覆盖层(12)均由1～2层纱布缝制而成，所述上覆盖层(11)、下覆盖层(12)的分子空隙间吸附有带正电荷的活性生物抗菌制剂，所述上覆盖层(11)和所述下覆盖层(12)之间设有缓释层(13)，所述缓释层(13)由包含抑菌制剂的缓释膜组成，所述缓释层(13)采用甲壳素或壳聚糖作为试剂载体，所述抑菌防粘连层(1)外表面层压有变色层(2)，所述变色层(2)的颜色随所述抑菌防粘连层(1)结构内的抑菌剂的减少由红色变为紫色，所述变色层(2)外表面层压有高分子吸收层(3)，所述高分子吸收层(3)外表面层压有辅助层(4)，所述辅助层(4)外表面层压有防水层(5)，所述防水层(5)表面设有粘条(6)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种非油性不粘连抑菌敷料，其特征在于：所述缓释层(13)内部吸附有抑菌制剂。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种非油性不粘连抑菌敷料，其特征在于：所述缓释层(13)外部为膜体结构。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种非油性不粘连抑菌敷料，其特征在于：所述高分子吸收层(3)由高吸水性树脂制成。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种非油性不粘连抑菌敷料，其特征在于：所述辅助层(4)由无纺棉经环氧乙烷消毒制成。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种非油性不粘连抑菌敷料，其特征在于：所述防水层(5)由无纺布经环氧乙烷消毒制成。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种非油性不粘连抑菌敷料，其特征在于：所述粘条(6)沿所述防水层(5)的延伸方向设置。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种非油性不粘连抑菌敷料制备方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
1)将1～2层纱布缝制成上、下覆盖层，再将上、下覆盖层投入带正电荷的活性生物抗菌剂中浸润10～20min，再进行辊压脱水，并将其放入真空干燥箱内进行真空干燥5～20min，温度保持在80℃～130℃；
2)将硅油、阳离子表面活性剂按一定比例进行乳化，配制成防粘剂，同时将步骤1)中的产物投入到其中浸泡一定时间，再进行压辊脱水、高温烘干，得粗抑菌防粘连层；
3)将抑菌消炎药物倒入甲壳素或壳聚糖中，利用流涎法制成缓释膜，再将缓释膜放入上、下覆盖层中间缝制，得抑菌防粘连层；
4)在抑菌防粘连层外表面铸塑带有变色颗粒的变色层；
5)通过丙烯酸聚合反应生成聚丙烯酸类高吸水性树脂，制成高分子吸收层，同时将高分子吸收层铸塑在变色层外表面；
6)将无纺棉经环氧乙烷消毒后，形成辅助层，并将其铸塑在高分子吸收层外表面，同时将无纺布经环氧乙烷消毒后，形成防水层，并将其铸塑在辅助层外表面，同时在防水层的轴向方向上通过高温辊接有粘条。
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