CN105017623A - 一种由纳米贝壳粉负载交联淀粉改性的低密度聚乙烯降解地膜及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种由纳米贝壳粉负载交联淀粉改性的低密度聚乙烯降解地膜及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及降解膜材料技术领域,具体涉及一种由纳米贝壳粉负载交联淀粉改性的低密度聚乙烯降解地膜及其制备方法,本发明的地膜母粒利用具有生物活性的纳米贝壳粉、硅溶胶的混合溶液吸附固定交联淀粉,干燥后的混合粉体经硅烷偶联剂处理后与聚乙烯相容性优良,改善了传统淀粉-聚乙烯降解薄膜降解周期长、降解不充分的缺点,且提高了交联淀粉的用量,降低了生产成本,纳米贝壳粉还具有天然多孔结构,不仅能改善薄膜的力学性能,还能提高薄膜的吸水透气性,兼具杀菌净化环境等功效;该发明制备得到的地膜吸水透气,降解快速,能帮助土壤中有益菌的繁殖,不含有毒有害物质,成分安全,经济环保。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及降解膜材料技术领域,具体涉及一种由纳米贝壳粉负载交联淀粉改性的低密度聚乙烯降解地膜及其制备方法。
背景技术
地膜,顾名思义,即为地膜覆盖薄膜,用以提高土壤温度,保持土壤水分,维持土壤结构,防止害虫侵袭作物和某些微生物引起的病害,促进植物生长等,目前地膜覆盖技术在农业中得到了广泛推广,增产效果明显。由于现在大量使用的地膜是不可降解的高分子化合物,既不受微生物侵蚀,也不能自行分解,长此下去必然会给后人带来难以解决的污染危害。因此,研究可降解地膜逐渐受到重视。
淀粉是自然界丰富的可再生资源,它无毒无害,可完全生物降解,然而较差的力学性能与防水性能却限制了其应用。目前一些研究将淀粉进行改性处理,将其与合成树脂或者可降解的高分子材料共混制成可降解材料,然而这些材料受其力学性能、降解周期以及使用环境及加工技术的限制,产品的使用性能差强人意。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于,制备一种由纳米贝壳粉负载交联淀粉改性的低密度聚乙烯降解地膜,以获得一种成膜性能好、生物降解充分、原料利用率高的经济环保降解地膜,为了实现上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案如下:
一种由纳米贝壳粉负载交联淀粉改性的低密度聚乙烯降解地膜,其特征在于,该地膜由以下重量份的原料制成:低密度聚乙烯40-50、交联淀粉5-6、微粉硅胶0.6-0.8、大豆分离蛋白粉1-2、纳米贝壳粉10-12、固含量为20-25%的硅溶胶10-12、乙烯-丙烯酸共聚物5-8、羟甲基壳聚糖1-1.5、烷基糖苷0.1-0.2、硅烷偶联剂0.1-0.2、水25-30。
所述的一种由纳米贝壳粉负载交联淀粉改性的低密度聚乙烯降解地膜的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的制备方法为:
(1)先将烷基糖苷、羧甲基壳聚糖投入加热至50-60℃的水中,搅拌至其完全溶解,随后投入交联淀粉、硅溶胶、大豆分离蛋白,并将溶液加热至60-80℃,搅拌糊化30-35min后将纳米贝壳粉投入混合液中,初步混合后将所得浆料研磨分散40-50min,最后将所得物料热风干燥,完全除去水分,得纳米贝壳粉负载交联淀粉复合物备用;
(2)将步骤(1)所得纳米贝壳粉负载交联淀粉复合物与硅烷偶联剂搅拌混合均匀,再加入其它剩余物料,充分混合均匀后投入单螺杆造粒机中造粒,所得颗粒再投入吹膜机中吹制成膜,即得。
本发明制备的降解地膜以低密度聚乙烯材料为主料,加入交联淀粉以改善其生物降解性,为了提高交联淀粉与聚乙烯的相容性,利用具有吸附性的纳米贝壳粉、硅溶胶的混合溶液吸附固定交联淀粉,干燥后的混合粉体经硅烷偶联剂处理后与聚乙烯相容性优良,改善了传统淀粉-聚乙烯降解薄膜降解周期长、降解不充分的缺点,且提高了交联淀粉的用量,降低了生产成本,纳米贝壳粉还具有天然多孔结构,不仅能改善薄膜的力学性能,还能提高薄膜的吸水透气性,兼具杀菌净化环境等功效;该发明制备得到的地膜吸水透气,降解快速,能帮助土壤中有益菌的繁殖,不含有毒有害物质,成分安全,经济环保。
具体实施方式
实施例
本实施例的地膜由以下重量份的原料制成:低密度聚乙烯45、交联淀粉5、微粉硅胶0.6、大豆分离蛋白粉1.5、纳米贝壳粉10、固含量为20%的硅溶胶10、乙烯-丙烯酸共聚物6、羟甲基壳聚糖1.2、烷基糖苷0.1、硅烷偶联剂0.1、水28。
该降解地膜的制备方法为:
(1)先将烷基糖苷、羧甲基壳聚糖投入加热至50-60℃的水中,搅拌至其完全溶解,随后投入交联淀粉、硅溶胶、大豆分离蛋白,并将溶液加热至60-80℃,搅拌糊化30min后将纳米贝壳粉投入混合液中,初步混合后将所得浆料研磨分散45min,最后将所得物料热风干燥,完全除去水分,得纳米贝壳粉负载交联淀粉复合物备用;
(2)将步骤(1)所得纳米贝壳粉负载交联淀粉复合物与硅烷偶联剂搅拌混合均匀,再加入其它剩余物料,充分混合均匀后投入单螺杆造粒机中造粒,所得颗粒再投入吹膜机中吹制成膜,即得。
本实施例所制得的地膜制成厚度为0.01mm的试样,遵循相关标准进行性能测试的结果为:
检测项目 | 检测结果 |
拉伸强度(纵向) | 18.4 |
拉伸强度(横向) | 15.7 |
透光率 | 81.8% |
30d填埋失重率 | 21.5% |
120d填埋失重率 | 46.5% |
Claims (2)
1.一种由纳米贝壳粉负载交联淀粉改性的低密度聚乙烯降解地膜,其特征在于,该地膜由以下重量份的原料制成:低密度聚乙烯40-50、交联淀粉5-6、微粉硅胶0.6-0.8、大豆分离蛋白粉1-2、纳米贝壳粉10-12、固含量为20-25%的硅溶胶10-12、乙烯-丙烯酸共聚物5-8、羟甲基壳聚糖1-1.5、烷基糖苷0.1-0.2、硅烷偶联剂0.1-0.2、水25-30。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种由纳米贝壳粉负载交联淀粉改性的低密度聚乙烯降解地膜的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的制备方法为:
(1)先将烷基糖苷、羧甲基壳聚糖投入加热至50-60℃的水中,搅拌至其完全溶解,随后投入交联淀粉、硅溶胶、大豆分离蛋白,并将溶液加热至60-80℃,搅拌糊化30-35min后将纳米贝壳粉投入混合液中,初步混合后将所得浆料研磨分散40-50min,最后将所得物料热风干燥,完全除去水分,得纳米贝壳粉负载交联淀粉复合物备用;
(2)将步骤(1)所得纳米贝壳粉负载交联淀粉复合物与硅烷偶联剂搅拌混合均匀,再加入其它剩余物料,充分混合均匀后投入单螺杆造粒机中造粒,所得颗粒再投入吹膜机中吹制成膜,即得。
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