CN105001924B - Low freezing point diesel fuel antiwear additive and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Low freezing point diesel fuel antiwear additive and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of low freezing point diesel fuel antiwear additive and preparation method thereof, and low freezing point diesel fuel antiwear additive preparation method comprises the following steps: catalyst preparation process: with activity Al2O3For carrier, carrier is immersed ZnCl2In saturated solution, impregnate, drain, after drying, high-temperature activation, it is cooled to room temperature；The catalyst crossed by single-steeping is immersed in La (NO3)3In saturated solution, impregnate, drain, after drying, high-temperature activation, it is cooled to room temperature standby；The preparation of low freezing point diesel fuel antiwear additive: with long-chain unsaturated fatty acid, polyhydric alcohol as raw material, with Al2O3Polynary supported rare earth catalyst is catalyzed, and raw materials quality ratio is: long-chain unsaturated fatty acid 50～70 parts；Polyhydric alcohol 20～40 parts；Al2O3Polynary supported rare earth catalyst 0.5～5 parts；Dimethylbenzene 10 20 parts.Low freezing point diesel fuel antiwear additive condensation point of the present invention is low, anti-wear effect is good, and its preparation method is simple, three-waste free discharge.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to oil product additive technology, particularly relate to a kind of low freezing point diesel fuel antiwear additive and system thereof
Preparation Method.
Background technology
From phase early 1990s, along with the raising of diesel refining degree, it is desirable to its sulfide
Content is more and more lower, and many countries occur in that Diesel engine high-pressure oil pump and fuel injector occur quickly continuously
The accident of wear out failure, these high-pressure oil pumps and fuel injector failure accidents have beaten alarm bell to people, make people
Gradually recognize the problem that diesel fuel lubricity begins to decline.The lubricity adding antiwear additive raising diesel oil is
The most effective the most most economical method.
Diesel antiwear additive is the functional additive of a kind of diesel oil, as long as the lubrication improving low-sulfur diesel-oil
Performance, reduces the abrasion of Diesel engine.Antiwear additive in the market is mainly acids diesel antiwear additive,
After the shortcoming of acids diesel antiwear additive is to add in diesel oil, some performance indications of diesel oil can be affected, with
Time also can improve the acid number of diesel oil, and then improve the corrosivity of diesel oil, long-time use such diesel oil to make
Become Diesel engine damage in various degree.Although esters antiwear additive can avoid disadvantages mentioned above completely, and
Diesel fuel characteristics index is had no adverse effects, also will not improve the acid number of diesel oil.But esters resists in existing market
The Application comparison of grinding agent is few, main reason is that, the production of esters antiwear additive generally uses long-chain unsaturated
Fatty acid (oleic acid) and polyhydric alcohol are raw material, sulphuric acid, p-methyl benzenesulfonic acid or alkali (sodium hydroxide, hydrogen-oxygen
Change potassium) carry out esterification as catalyst.The diesel antiwear additive shortcoming that these methods produce is: adopt
With the antiwear additive freezing point that common oleic acid is raw material production higher (more than 0 DEG C), do not reach use requirement；
Using sulphuric acid, p-methyl benzenesulfonic acid is that Catalyst Production diesel antiwear additive aftertreatment technology is complicated, and needs water
Eluting acid, has substantial amounts of acidic and alkaline waste water to discharge；Use alkali (sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide) as catalysis
Agent product there is metal ion to remain, it is impossible to reach antiwear additive index request.Existing market is badly in need of one
The environmentally friendly esters diesel antiwear additive of low condensation point.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to, higher for existing lipid antiwear additive freezing point, abrasion resistance is the best,
Its complex manufacturing and the many problem of the three wastes, propose the preparation method of a kind of low freezing point diesel fuel antiwear additive,
The method is simple, three-waste free discharge, the method the antiwear additive condensation point prepared is low, anti-wear effect is good, can
Reuse 5-10 time, low cost.
For achieving the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention is: a kind of low freezing point diesel fuel antiwear additive
Preparation method, comprises the following steps:
(1)、Al2O3Polynary supported rare earth catalyst preparation technology:
With activity Al2O3For carrier, carrier is immersed ZnCl2In saturated solution, 60-80 DEG C of dipping 4-8
Hour, taking-up drains, after drying, 350-500 DEG C of high-temperature activation 3-5 hour, it is cooled to room temperature；By one
Secondary impregnated catalyst is immersed in La (NO3)3In saturated solution, 70-80 DEG C impregnates 2-4 hour, takes out
Drain, after drying, 450-550 DEG C of high-temperature activation 3-4 hour, it is cooled to room temperature standby；
(2) preparation method of low freezing point diesel fuel antiwear additive:
With long-chain unsaturated fatty acid, polyhydric alcohol as raw material, with Al2O3Polynary supported rare earth catalyst is urged
Changing, raw materials quality ratio is:
Make solvent with dimethylbenzene, in solvent, be sequentially added into long-chain unsaturated fatty acid, polyhydric alcohol and Al2O3
Polynary supported rare earth catalyst, under the conditions of temperature 140～160 DEG C, refluxing xylene is taken water and is carried out low temperature
Esterification 2～5 hours；Then heat to 220～260 DEG C and carry out high temperature esterification reaction 0.5～1.5 hour,
Concurrently separate out solvent xylene, filter out Al2O3Polynary supported rare earth catalyst, obtains low condensation point bavin
Oil antiwear additive.
Further, described activity Al2O3Dew point-55 DEG C, bulk density 0.96g/ml.
Further, one during described long-chain unsaturated fatty acid is oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid or
Multiple, preferably linoleic acid.Further, described polyhydric alcohol is tetramethylolmethane, glycerol, propylene glycol,
One or more in ethylene glycol, preferably tetramethylolmethane.
Further, Al in step (1)2O3Polynary supported rare earth catalyst preparation technology: with activity
Al2O3For carrier, carrier is immersed ZnCl2In saturated solution, 60-80 DEG C impregnates 6 hours, takes out drip
Dry, in Muffle furnace 110-120 DEG C after dry 6-8 hour, 350-500 DEG C of high-temperature activation 3-5 hour, cold
But to room temperature；The catalyst crossed by single-steeping is immersed in La (NO3)3In saturated solution, 70-80 DEG C of leaching
Stain 3 hours, taking-up drains, in Muffle furnace 110-120 DEG C after dry 4-8 hour, 450-550 DEG C of high temperature
Activate 3-4 hour, be cooled to room temperature standby.
Further, in step (2), proportioning raw materials is:
Further, step makees solvent with dimethylbenzene in (2), is sequentially added into long-chain unsaturated in solvent
Fatty acid, polyhydric alcohol and Al2O3Polynary supported rare earth catalyst, under the conditions of temperature 145～155 DEG C,
Refluxing xylene is taken water and is carried out low temperature esterification 3～4 hours；Then heat to 230～250 DEG C and carry out height
Temperature esterification 0.5～1.0 hours, concurrently separates out solvent xylene, filters out Al2O3Polynary load is dilute
Soil catalyst, obtains low freezing point diesel fuel antiwear additive.
Another object of the present invention additionally provides a kind of low freezing point diesel fuel antiwear additive, uses said method system
For forming, wherein long-chain unsaturated fatty acid is linoleic acid, and polyhydric alcohol is tetramethylolmethane, described low condensation point
Diesel antiwear additive is for having compounds of formula I:
The reaction equation of compounds of formula I is as follows:
Another object of the present invention additionally provides the application in diesel oil is wear-resistant of the low freezing point diesel fuel antiwear additive,
Addition in diesel oil is 100-150 μ g/g, by 620 μm, the wear scar diameter of blank diesel oil can be brought up to 450
More than μm.
Low freezing point diesel fuel antiwear additive of the present invention and preparation method thereof, has following excellent compared with prior art
Point:
(1) low freezing point diesel fuel antiwear additive freezing point the most of the present invention is less than or equal to-30 DEG C, can extensively fit
For cold region；Without metallic element in low freezing point diesel fuel antiwear additive；Its acid number < 2 (mg/gKOH)；
(2) the low freezing point diesel fuel antiwear additive that mass ratio is 100 μ g/g is joined in finished diesel fuel, can
The wear scar diameter of blank diesel oil is brought up to 340 μm by 560 μm, and to diesel oil indices without any
Harmful effect；
(3) preparation method of low freezing point diesel fuel antiwear additive of the present invention is simple, easy, without spent acid, waste water row
Put, environment friendly and pollution-free.
(4) low freezing point diesel fuel antiwear additive (the special Al prepared by the present invention2O3Polynary supported rare earth catalyst)
Activity is high, not easy in inactivation, reusable 5-10 time.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the infrared spectrogram of embodiment 1 low freezing point diesel fuel antiwear additive.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is further described:
Embodiment 1
Present embodiment discloses a kind of low freezing point diesel fuel antiwear additive, for having compounds of formula I:
The preparation method of above-mentioned low freezing point diesel fuel antiwear additive is as follows.
With linoleic acid, tetramethylolmethane as raw material, with spherical Al2O3Polynary supported rare earth catalyst is catalysis
Agent, according to mass percent, proportioning raw materials is:
Linoleic acid 60 parts, tetramethylolmethane 40 parts, spherical Al2O3Polynary supported rare earth catalyst 1 part.
Al2O3Polynary supported rare earth catalyst preparation technology: with activity Al2O3For carrier, carrier is immersed
ZnCl2In saturated solution, 70 DEG C impregnate 6 hours, and taking-up drains, and in Muffle furnace, 110 DEG C are dried 6 hours
After, 350 DEG C of high-temperature activations 5 hours, it is cooled to room temperature；The catalyst crossed by single-steeping is immersed in
La(NO3)3In saturated solution, 70 DEG C impregnate 3 hours, and taking-up drains, and in Muffle furnace, 120 DEG C are dried 8
After hour, 550 DEG C of high-temperature activations 4 hours, it is cooled to room temperature standby.
Make solvent with dimethylbenzene, in solvent, be sequentially added into linoleic acid, tetramethylolmethane and Al2O3Polynary negative
Carrying rare earth catalyst, under the conditions of temperature 150 DEG C, refluxing xylene is taken water and is carried out low temperature esterification 4
Hour, then heat to 230 DEG C and carry out high temperature esterification reaction 1 hour, concurrently separate out solvent xylene,
Obtain end product low freezing point diesel fuel antiwear additive.
The infrared spectrogram of low freezing point diesel fuel antiwear additive of the present invention is as it is shown in figure 1,3100～3010cm-1Place inhales
Receipts peak is the C-H stretching vibration absworption peak of double bond, 1675～1640cm-1Place's absworption peak is the C=C of double bond
Stretching vibration absworption peak, 1750～1735cm-1Region has the strongest absworption peak to be C=O characteristic absorption band,
From infrared spectrum, can be seen that the material of synthesis is target product.
The present embodiment low freezing point diesel fuel antiwear additive freezing point is-30 DEG C after testing, is widely portable to cold ground
Territory；Without metallic element in low freezing point diesel fuel antiwear additive；Its acid number < 2 (mg/gKOH)；By mass ratio
It is that the low freezing point diesel fuel antiwear additive of 100 μ g/g joins in finished diesel fuel, can be by straight for the mill speckle of blank diesel oil
Footpath is brought up to 340 μm by 560 μm, and to diesel oil indices without any harmful effect.
Embodiment 2
Present embodiment discloses a kind of low freezing point diesel fuel antiwear additive, for having compounds of formula I:
The preparation method of above-mentioned low freezing point diesel fuel antiwear additive is as follows.
With linoleic acid, propylene glycol as raw material, with spherical Al2O3Polynary supported rare earth catalyst is catalyst,
According to mass percent, proportioning raw materials is:
Linoleic acid 50 parts, propylene glycol 40 parts, spherical Al2O3Polynary supported rare earth catalyst 2 parts.
Al2O3Polynary supported rare earth catalyst preparation technology: with activity Al2O3For carrier, carrier is immersed
ZnCl2In saturated solution, 80 DEG C impregnate 4 hours, and taking-up drains, and in Muffle furnace, 110 DEG C are dried 6 hours
After, 350-DEG C of high-temperature activation 5 hours, it is cooled to room temperature；The catalyst crossed by single-steeping is immersed in
La(NO3)3In saturated solution, 80 DEG C impregnate 4 hours, and taking-up drains, and in Muffle furnace, 120 DEG C are dried 8
After hour, 450 DEG C of high-temperature activations 4 hours, it is cooled to room temperature standby.
The preparation of low freezing point diesel fuel antiwear additive: make solvent with dimethylbenzene, be sequentially added in solvent linoleic acid,
Propylene glycol and Al2O3Polynary supported rare earth catalyst, under the conditions of temperature 140 DEG C, refluxing xylene is taken
Water carries out low temperature esterification 3 hours, then heats to 260 DEG C and carries out high temperature esterification reaction 1.5 hours,
Concurrently separate out solvent xylene, obtain end product low freezing point diesel fuel antiwear additive.
The present embodiment low freezing point diesel fuel antiwear additive freezing point is-35 DEG C after testing, is widely portable to cold ground
Territory；Without metallic element in low freezing point diesel fuel antiwear additive；Its acid number < 2 (mg/gKOH)；By mass ratio
It is that the low freezing point diesel fuel antiwear additive of 100 μ g/g joins in finished diesel fuel, can be by straight for the mill speckle of blank diesel oil
Footpath is brought up to 300 μm by 560 μm, and to diesel oil indices without any harmful effect.
Embodiment 3
Present embodiment discloses a kind of low freezing point diesel fuel antiwear additive, for having compounds of formula I:
The preparation method of above-mentioned low freezing point diesel fuel antiwear additive is as follows.
With linolenic acid, ethylene glycol as raw material, with spherical Al2O3Polynary supported rare earth catalyst is catalyst,
According to mass percent, proportioning raw materials is:
Linolenic acid 65 parts, ethylene glycol 40 parts, spherical Al2O3Polynary supported rare earth catalyst 5 parts.
Al2O3Polynary supported rare earth catalyst preparation technology: with activity Al2O3For carrier, carrier is immersed
ZnCl2In saturated solution, 75 DEG C impregnate 6 hours, and taking-up drains, and in Muffle furnace, 120 DEG C are dried 8 hours
After, 350-DEG C of high-temperature activation 5 hours, it is cooled to room temperature；The catalyst crossed by single-steeping is immersed in
La(NO3)3In saturated solution, 70 DEG C impregnate 3 hours, and taking-up drains, and in Muffle furnace, 120 DEG C are dried 8
After hour, 550 DEG C of high-temperature activations 3 hours, it is cooled to room temperature standby.
The preparation of low freezing point diesel fuel antiwear additive: make solvent with dimethylbenzene, be sequentially added in solvent oleic acid,
Tetramethylolmethane and Al2O3Polynary supported rare earth catalyst, under the conditions of temperature 155 DEG C, refluxing xylene
Take water and carry out low temperature esterification 3 hours, then heat to 240 DEG C and carry out high temperature esterification reaction 1 hour.
Concurrently separate out solvent xylene.Obtain end product low freezing point diesel fuel antiwear additive.
The present embodiment low freezing point diesel fuel antiwear additive freezing point is-32 DEG C after testing, is widely portable to cold ground
Territory；Without metallic element in low freezing point diesel fuel antiwear additive；Its acid number < 2 (mg/gKOH)；By mass ratio
It is that the low freezing point diesel fuel antiwear additive of 100 μ g/g joins in finished diesel fuel, can be by straight for the mill speckle of blank diesel oil
Footpath is brought up to 360 μm by 560 μm, and to diesel oil indices without any harmful effect.
Last it is noted that various embodiments above is only in order to illustrate technical scheme, rather than to it
Limit；Although the present invention being described in detail with reference to foregoing embodiments, the ordinary skill of this area
Personnel it is understood that the technical scheme described in foregoing embodiments still can be modified by it, or
The most some or all of technical characteristic is carried out equivalent；And these amendments or replacement, do not make phase
The essence answering technical scheme departs from the scope of various embodiments of the present invention technical scheme.
Claims (7)
1. the preparation method of a low freezing point diesel fuel antiwear additive, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
(1)、Al2O3Polynary supported rare earth catalyst preparation technology:
With activity Al2O3For carrier, carrier is immersed ZnCl2In saturated solution, 60-80 DEG C impregnates 4-8 hour, and taking-up drains, after drying, 350-500 DEG C of high-temperature activation 3-5 hour, it is cooled to room temperature；The catalyst crossed by single-steeping is immersed in La (NO3)3In saturated solution, 70-80 DEG C impregnates 2-4 hour, and taking-up drains, after drying, 450-550 DEG C of high-temperature activation 3-4 hour, it is cooled to room temperature standby；
(2) preparation method of low freezing point diesel fuel antiwear additive:
With long-chain unsaturated fatty acid, polyhydric alcohol as raw material, with Al2O3Polynary supported rare earth catalyst is catalyzed, and raw materials quality ratio is:
Make solvent with dimethylbenzene, in solvent, be sequentially added into long-chain unsaturated fatty acid, polyhydric alcohol and Al2O3Polynary supported rare earth catalyst, under the conditions of temperature 140～160 DEG C, refluxing xylene is taken water and is carried out low temperature esterification 2～5 hours；Then heat to 220～260 DEG C and carry out high temperature esterification reaction 0.5～1.5 hour, concurrently separate out solvent xylene, filter out Al2O3Polynary supported rare earth catalyst, obtains low freezing point diesel fuel antiwear additive.
The preparation method of low freezing point diesel fuel antiwear additive the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described activity Al2O3Dew point-55 DEG C, bulk density 0.96g/ml.
The preparation method of low freezing point diesel fuel antiwear additive the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described long-chain unsaturated fatty acid is one or more in oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid.
The preparation method of low freezing point diesel fuel antiwear additive the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described polyhydric alcohol is tetramethylolmethane, glycerol, propylene glycol, one or more in ethylene glycol.
The preparation method of low freezing point diesel fuel antiwear additive the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that Al in step (1)2O3Polynary supported rare earth catalyst preparation technology: with activity Al2O3For carrier, carrier is immersed ZnCl2In saturated solution, 60-80 DEG C impregnates 6 hours, and taking-up drains, in Muffle furnace 110-120 DEG C after dry 6-8 hour, 350-500 DEG C of high-temperature activation 3-5 hour, is cooled to room temperature；The catalyst crossed by single-steeping is immersed in La (NO3)3In saturated solution, 70-80 DEG C impregnates 3 hours, and taking-up drains, in Muffle furnace 110-120 DEG C after dry 4-8 hour, 450-550 DEG C of high-temperature activation 3-4 hour, is cooled to room temperature standby.
The preparation method of low freezing point diesel fuel antiwear additive the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in step (2), proportioning raw materials is:
The preparation method of low freezing point diesel fuel antiwear additive the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step makees solvent with dimethylbenzene in (2), is sequentially added into long-chain unsaturated fatty acid, polyhydric alcohol and Al in solvent2O3Polynary supported rare earth catalyst, under the conditions of temperature 145～155 DEG C, refluxing xylene is taken water and is carried out low temperature esterification 3～4 hours；Then heat to 230～250 DEG C and carry out high temperature esterification reaction 0.5～1.0 hour, concurrently separate out solvent xylene, filter out Al2O3Polynary supported rare earth catalyst, obtains low freezing point diesel fuel antiwear additive.
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| CN106350217B (en) * | 2016-11-01 | 2019-05-28 | 中海油天津化工研究设计院有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of low cloud point fatty acid type diesel antiwear additive |
| CN110240956A (en) * | 2019-05-20 | 2019-09-17 | 中海油天津化工研究设计院有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of fatty acid ester type diesel antiwear additive |
| CN112480990B (en) * | 2020-12-01 | 2022-07-05 | 大连大平油脂化学有限公司 | Preparation method of diesel antiwear agent with low freezing point |
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