CN104998370A - 一种甲醛消除剂的制备方法及应用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种甲醛消除剂制备方法及应用,属于清洁杀菌剂的制备领域。其制备方法为:(a)取5-7份碳酸钠溶于25-30份水中,搅拌30min,然后加入8-11份双氧水,搅拌20min,备用;(b)取3-5份咪唑烷基脲和2-5份尼泊金甲酯混合,加热至30-40℃,边搅拌边加入10-14份二咪唑烷酮,冷却至室温;(c)将步骤(a)和(b)得到的溶液混合,然后加入2-7份聚丙烯酸钠,搅拌20-30min,即得到甲醛消除剂。使用本发明制备的甲醛消除剂,无毒无味、稳定性好、无二次污染,甲醛的祛除率可达到96%以上,在祛除甲醛的同时增强被祛除物的防腐蚀性。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于清洁杀菌剂的制备领域,具体地说,涉及一种甲醛消除剂制备方法及应用。
背景技术
甲醛又称蚁醛,常用于木材、纺织、防腐等产业。甲醛有刺激性气味,低浓度即可嗅到,人对甲醛的嗅觉阈通常是0.06-0.07mg/m3。但有较大的个体差异性,有人可达2.66mg/m3。长期、低浓度接触甲醛会引起头痛、头晕、乏力、感觉障碍、免疫力降低,并可出现瞌睡、记忆力减退或神经衰弱、精神抑郁;慢性中毒对呼吸系统的危害也是巨大的,长期接触甲醛可引发呼吸功能障碍和肝中毒性病变,表现为肝细胞损伤、肝辐射能异常等。甲醛的主要危害表现为对皮肤粘膜的刺激作用,甲醛在室内达到一定浓度时,人就有不适感,大于0.08m3的甲醛浓度可引起眼红、眼痒、咽喉不适或疼痛、声音嘶哑、喷嚏、胸闷、气喘、皮炎等。生活中对人体造成伤害的甲醛,可以说无处不在。涉及的物品包括家具、木地板;童装、免烫衬衫;快餐面、米粉;水泡鱿鱼 、海参、牛百叶、虾仁;甚至小汽车。不难看出,衣、食、住、行——我们生活最重要的四件事,甲醛竟然全部染指了,无处不在的甲醛让人忧心忡忡。尤其是房间家具、地板等木制品和织物所含有的甲醛,严重危害着人体的健康。新装修的房间甲醛含量较高,是众多疾病的主要诱因。因此,有效祛除家具及织物上的甲醛已成为迫切需要解决的问题。
如专利号201210397597.9公开了名为甲醛消除方法的发明专利,该发明包括以下步骤:(1)将该发明的甲醛消除剂稀释1000 倍;(2)将稀释的溶液喷涂于板材、家具或家居装饰的表面即可。消除剂包含艾草提取物、三乙醇胺、丙氨酸、乙酸钠和水,该发明使用的甲醛消除剂中三乙醇胺具有微有胺味,不宜与氧化性和酸性物质接触,而消除剂中又有丙氨酸,因此,该发明使用的消除剂存在不稳定、使用时有气味易造成人体不适等缺陷。又如专利号为201310534877.4的发明专利,该发明提供了一种甲醛消除剂,包括去污成分和酰肼包裹粒,酰肼包裹粒占组合物总重量的20~55%,按重量份计包括酰肼类化合物5~30份,非离子表面活性剂0.5--5份,粘结剂0.2 ~3份,芒硝62~94份。本发明甲醛去除率可达85~90%,在温室中放置1年粉体外观、气味也无变化,且甲醛去除率也无变化。但该发明使用时吸收速率慢、吸收效果差和时间较长的问题,在长时间的吸收过程中未被吸收的甲醛对人体仍然具有较大危害。
发明内容
要解决的问题
针对现有甲醛消除剂存在不稳定、祛除效果差、消除甲醛耗时较长、消除剂有气味,使用时易使人产生不适等问题,本发明提供了一种甲醛消除剂的制备方法及应用,本发明制备的甲醛消除剂具有稳定性好、祛除效果好、短时高效、无毒无味、对环境无害等优点。
技术方案
为了解决以上问题,本发明采用的具体技术方案如下:
一种甲醛消除剂的制备方法,其步骤为:
(a)取5-7份碳酸钠溶于25-30份水中,搅拌30min,然后加入8-11份双氧水,搅拌20min,备用;
(b)取3-5份咪唑烷基脲和2-5份尼泊金甲酯混合,加热至30-40℃,边搅拌边加入10-14份二咪唑烷酮,冷却至室温;
(c)将步骤(a)和(b)得到的溶液混合,然后加入2-7份聚丙烯酸钠,搅拌20-30min,即得到甲醛消除剂。
优选地,所述的甲醛消除剂的成分及质量份数为:
碳酸钠6份;
双氧水9份;
二咪唑烷酮13份;
咪唑烷基脲4份;
尼泊金甲酯3份;
聚丙烯酸钠5份;
水28份。
优选地,所述的甲醛消除剂在使用时与水按质量比1:200-250进行稀释。
前面技术方案得到的甲醛消除剂。
前面技术方案得到的甲醛消除剂在祛除甲醛中的应用。
有益效果
相比于现有技术,本发明的有益效果为:
(1)本发明制备的甲醛消除剂的成分包含碳酸钠、双氧水、二咪唑烷酮、咪唑烷基脲、尼泊金甲酯、聚丙烯酸钠和水。碳酸钠使消除剂处在弱碱性环境中,能增强双氧水氧化甲醛的能力,且对被祛除物无腐蚀作用;二咪唑烷酮在尼泊金甲酯和聚丙烯酸钠的配合下,则不仅能够分解甲醛而且能够吸收其他有害气体;通过双重作用,甲醛的祛除率可达到96%以上,二咪唑烷酮能避免双氧水对油漆的损害;消除剂无毒无味,使用后不会产生二次污染。
(2)本发明制备的甲醛消除剂使用简单,只需将甲醛消除剂与水按1:200-250进行稀释后即可使用,使用后无需清洗,短时内即可祛除96%以上的甲醛,祛除效率高。
(3)本发明制备的甲醛消除剂中的咪唑烷基脲、尼泊金甲酯不仅能提高祛除甲醛的效果,还有助于保护被除去物,使甲醛被消除后被祛除物仍然具有防腐蚀性。
(4)本发明制备的甲醛消除剂中加入聚丙烯酸钠,能显著增强消除剂的稳定性,易于存放,适于工业化生产。
(5)本发明工艺简单、制备的甲醛消除剂祛除效率高、无毒无味、无污染。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体的实施例,对本发明作详细描述。
实施例1
一种甲醛消除剂,其成分为:碳酸钠、双氧水、二咪唑烷酮、咪唑烷基脲、尼泊金甲酯、聚丙烯酸钠和水。
甲醛消除剂的制备步骤为:
(a)取6份碳酸钠溶于28份水中,搅拌30min,然后加入9份双氧水(纯双氧水),搅拌20min,备用;
(b)取4份咪唑烷基脲和3份尼泊金甲酯混合,加热至30-40℃,边搅拌边加入13份二咪唑烷酮,冷却至室温;
(c)将步骤(a)和(b)得到的溶液混合,然后加入5份聚丙烯酸钠,搅拌20-30min,即得到甲醛消除剂。
将上述方案得到的甲醛消除剂与水按质量比为1:200稀释后,均匀涂抹在10m2新制橱柜表面,10小时后通过分光光度法检测橱柜上甲醛含量,得出使用后橱柜上的甲醛消除95.6%,同时对橱柜表面上的某品牌水性漆未造成影响。将上述方法得到的甲醛消除剂与水按质量比为1:50稀释后,取300g稀释后的溶液放置在一个开口容器中,将开口容器放置在一个新的衣柜中的一个抽屉中,另一个抽屉放置一个同样的开口容器,所不同的是开口容器中放置的是300g的水,经过72h之后,放置甲醛消除剂的抽屉中甲醛的浓度为0.57 mg/m3,只放水的抽屉中甲醛的浓度为3.23mg/m3。
实施例2
同实施例1,所不同的是甲醛消除剂中个成分的质量份数为碳酸钠5份、双氧水11份、二咪唑烷酮14份、咪唑烷基脲3份、尼泊金甲酯2份、聚丙烯酸钠7份和水25份,将制得的甲醛消除剂与水按质量比为1:250稀释后,均匀涂抹在10m2新制橱柜表面,10小时后通过分光光度法检测橱柜上甲醛含量,得出使用后橱柜上的甲醛消除94.7%,同时对橱柜表面上的某品牌水性漆未造成影响。将上述方法得到的甲醛消除剂与水按质量比为1:40稀释后,取300g稀释后的溶液放置在一个开口容器中,将开口容器放置在一个新的衣柜中的一个抽屉中,另一个抽屉放置一个同样的开口容器,所不同的是开口容器中放置的是300g的水,经过72 h之后,放置甲醛消除剂的抽屉中甲醛的浓度为0.52 mg/m3,只放水的抽屉中甲醛的浓度为3.19 mg/m3。
实施例3
同实施例1,所不同的是甲醛消除剂中个成分的质量份数为碳酸钠7份、双氧水8份、二咪唑烷酮10份、咪唑烷基脲5份、尼泊金甲酯5份、聚丙烯酸钠2份和水30份,将制得的甲醛消除剂与水按质量比为1:230稀释后,均匀涂抹在10m2新制橱柜表面,10小时后通过分光光度法检测橱柜上甲醛含量,得出使用后橱柜上的甲醛消除93.4%,对橱柜表面上某品牌的水性聚氨脂漆没有造成影响。将上述方法得到的甲醛消除剂与水按质量比为1:45稀释后,取300g稀释后的溶液放置在一个开口容器中,将开口容器放置在一个新的衣柜中的一个抽屉中,另一个抽屉放置一个同样的开口容器,所不同的是开口容器中放置的是300g的水,经过72 h之后,放置甲醛消除剂的抽屉中甲醛的浓度为0.49 mg/m3,只放水的抽屉中甲醛的浓度为3.29mg/m3。
Claims (5)
1.一种甲醛消除剂的制备方法,其步骤为:
(a)取5-7份碳酸钠溶于25-30份水中,搅拌,然后加入8-11份双氧水,搅拌,备用;
(b)取3-5份咪唑烷基脲和2-5份尼泊金甲酯混合,加热至30-40℃,边搅拌边加入10-14份二咪唑烷酮,冷却至室温;
(c)将步骤(a)和(b)得到的溶液混合,然后加入2-7份聚丙烯酸钠,搅拌20-30min,即得到甲醛消除剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种甲醛消除剂的制备方法,其特征在于,其成分及质量份数为:
碳酸钠6份;
双氧水9份;
二咪唑烷酮13份;
咪唑烷基脲4份;
尼泊金甲酯3份;
聚丙烯酸钠5份;
水28份。
3.权利要求1制备的甲醛消除剂的使用方法,其特征在于,所述的甲醛消除剂在使用时与水按质量比1:200-250进行稀释或者按照与水按质量比1:40-50进行稀释。
4.权利要求1得到的甲醛消除剂。
5.权利要求1得到的甲醛消除剂在祛除甲醛中的应用。
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