CN104994526B - A kind of azimuthal method of measuring and calculating antenna of mobile communication base station - Google Patents
A kind of azimuthal method of measuring and calculating antenna of mobile communication base station Download PDFInfo
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- CN104994526B CN104994526B CN201510354962.1A CN201510354962A CN104994526B CN 104994526 B CN104994526 B CN 104994526B CN 201510354962 A CN201510354962 A CN 201510354962A CN 104994526 B CN104994526 B CN 104994526B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W24/00—Supervisory, monitoring or testing arrangements
- H04W24/02—Arrangements for optimising operational condition
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W16/00—Network planning, e.g. coverage or traffic planning tools; Network deployment, e.g. resource partitioning or cells structures
- H04W16/18—Network planning tools
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W24/00—Supervisory, monitoring or testing arrangements
- H04W24/08—Testing, supervising or monitoring using real traffic
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of azimuthal method of measuring and calculating antenna of mobile communication base station, include the following steps: to carry out cellular mobile communication networks drive test, radiation relative gain distributed intelligence of the measuring and calculating target BS antenna on all directions angle of installation horizontal plane；Resemblance based on the gain envelope line that radiation relative gain distributed intelligence is formed, extracts the main lobe distributed intelligence in the horizontal direction of target BS antenna and its center x-ray angle；Antenna azimuth is obtained according to main lobe distributed intelligence and its center x-ray angle.The present invention installs specialised hardware without buying and upper tower, can be completed merely with the drive test data of existing drive test terminal and sweep generator, at low cost, and engineering construction is easy；Calculated result accuracy, stability are high, can satisfy the requirement of cellular mobile communication networks Optimization Work.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of antenna azimuth measuring methods, more particularly to one kind to be directed to mobile communication base station orthotype day
The characteristics of line, belongs to by measuring and calculating aerial radiation relative gain distributed intelligence to determine that antenna is horizontally mounted azimuthal method
Mobile communication technology field.
Background technique
In mobile communication system, the transmitting and reception of signal require to realize by antenna.Especially moved in honeycomb
In dynamic communication network, the signal that base station mainly uses orthotype antenna (referred to as antenna for base station) to carry out specific region is covered.Cause
This, be horizontally mounted azimuth (the abbreviation azimuth) of antenna for base station is used as very important engineering construction parameter, to cellular cell
Practical coverage effect and overall performance of network play a crucial role.
But in the actual moving process of cellular mobile communication networks, the azimuth of antenna for base station is sometimes because strong
The external causes such as wind, earthquake and shift, it is also possible to due to engineering construction quality generate deviation even mistake, this will
The practical coverage effect that will lead to cell signals generates deviation and even varies widely, to cannot achieve cellular mobile communication
The expection operational objective of network.
In the prior art, main using such as in order to determine the azimuth angle deviation because of antenna for base station caused by a variety of causes
Under three kinds of measurement methods:
1) manual measurement mode: live field survey is carried out by survey crew, utilizes each bee of measuring instrumentss hand dipping
The azimuth of nest cell-site antenna.The measurement result of this mode is more accurate, but to cell throughout and huge number bee
For cellular mobile communication network, time, resource and manpower are expended very much.In addition survey crew needs adjacent antenna to carry out operation,
Base station equipment will often interrupt.
2) hardware remote mode: installing dedicated remote measuring unit on antenna for base station, and wirelessly by base
Azimuthal metrical information of standing is transmitted to far end system or dedicated reception terminal.Such as application No. is 201310026133.1
In Chinese patent application, disclose it is a kind of can real-time monitoring antenna mechanical angle parameter, and can will test on remote data
Network management center's server is reached, network management center's server inclines to the electricity of antenna to realize by controlling electric-regulating device
The antenna attitude monitoring system for the support electricity conditioning function that angular dimensions is adjusted.But the though measurement result of hardware remote mode
It is so more accurate, but construction and installation cost and measuring device investment are still higher.
3) software calculates mode: the drive test terminal being collected into based on the network equipment measures reported data, using source cell and
The carrier/interface ratio of cell where each drive test terminal measurement point and distance relation carry out the azimuthal statistics of antenna for base station maximum probability
Measuring and calculating.Such as in the Chinese invention patent of Patent No. ZL200910089769.4, one kind is disclosed by software measuring and calculating side
Formula determines the specific method of deviation of azimuth angle of base station antenna.But although such mode implementation cost is lower, under the scene of part
The azimuthal substantially estimation information in base station can also be obtained.But because there are certain theoretical limitation, core calculations in its algorithm
Process is only capable of being calculated by probability statistics, be influenced by the factors such as sample size and test point distribution, calculated result has one
Standing wave is dynamic and causes accuracy, reliability not high.
Summary of the invention
In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, technical problem to be solved by the present invention lies in provide a kind of measuring and calculating mobile communication base
The azimuthal method of station antenna.
To realize that above-mentioned goal of the invention, the present invention use following technical solutions:
A kind of azimuthal method of measuring and calculating antenna of mobile communication base station, includes the following steps:
Drive test is carried out to cellular mobile communication networks, measuring and calculating target BS antenna is on all directions angle of installation horizontal plane
Radiation relative gain distributed intelligence；
Resemblance based on the gain envelope line that the radiation relative gain distributed intelligence is formed, extracts the target base
Station antenna main lobe distributed intelligence in the horizontal direction and its center x-ray angle；
Antenna azimuth is obtained according to the main lobe distributed intelligence and its center x-ray angle.
Wherein more preferably, during carrying out drive test, the location information of current time, test sample point is periodically recorded
With the wireless network parameter of test sample point position, as drive test data.
Wherein more preferably, the wireless network parameter includes serving cell and adjacent area identification information, each cell downlink signal
Receive field strength data.
Wherein more preferably, it is based on the drive test data, the signal for extracting Target cell receives field strength metrical information.
Wherein more preferably, extracting information further includes all test sample points for belonging to serving cell and adjacent area in Target cell
Signal receive field strength metrical information.
Wherein more preferably, the radiation relative gain of the target BS antenna is obtained by following formula:
Radiate relative gain Gpr=cell signal field strength RSS+20lg (F)+20lg (D)；
Wherein, cell signal field strength RSS is that the signal receives field strength metrical information, and F is radio signal frequency, and D is to survey
Distance of the pilot production sampling point to target BS.
Wherein more preferably, during calculating the radiation relative gain, to signal receive field strength data sequence into
Row filtering processing, eliminates high-frequency components therein.
Wherein more preferably, for the gain envelope line, using the difference of master, secondary lobe in resemblance, identification inhibits
Or after removal secondary lobe some effects, identification and extraction main lobe part.
Wherein more preferably, for the gain envelope line, the sector position where the main lobe part is obtained, its fan is calculated
The central ray angle in area, obtains the antenna azimuth.
Wherein more preferably, after obtaining the antenna azimuth, regular and the target BS antenna project installation
Parameter is compared, judge the antenna azimuth whether deviation and deviation how much；If the deviation is tolerated greater than the degree of deviation
Range threshold provides report to network maintenance staff.
Compared with prior art, technical solution provided by the present invention has following technical characterstic:
1) it is not necessarily to hardware supported: specialised hardware being installed without buying and upper tower, merely with existing drive test terminal or sweep generator
Drive test data can be completed, it is at low cost, engineering construction be easy；
2) abundant information: in addition to azimuth information, moreover it is possible to which omnidirectional's distribution figure of base station signal actual emanations gain is provided
Information, convenient for grasping signal propagation condition and the variation of antenna transmitting gain in coverage area；
3) data user rate is high: calculating process makes full use of all kinds of effective informations in drive test data, including serving cell
Field strength metrical information is received with the signal of adjacent area, can restore to extract aerial radiation gain information farthest so as to the side of calculating
Parallactic angle；
4) availability is strong: a drive test data calculates mutiple antennas azimuth, and calculating process algorithm for mass
Reliably, calculated result accuracy, stability are high, can satisfy the requirement of cellular mobile communication networks Optimization Work.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the gain profiles schematic diagram of antenna for base station in the horizontal direction in cellular mobile communication networks；
Fig. 2 is the gain profiles schematic diagram of antenna for base station in vertical direction in cellular mobile communication networks；
Fig. 3 is the azimuthal method flow diagram of measuring and calculating antenna of mobile communication base station provided by the present invention.
Specific embodiment
Detailed specific description is unfolded to technology contents of the invention in the following with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments.
In mobile communication system, used antenna for base station has different on all directions angle of installation horizontal plane
Radiation gain.Under the space coordinate put centered on base station, can be formed by taking each angle gain numerical point to connect by one
Similar fan-shaped region, horizontal plane or vertical plane outer are the gain envelope in the horizontal or vertical direction of the antenna for base station
Line.
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, the gain envelope line shape of antenna for base station includes multiple adjacent and not of uniform size lobes,
Each lobe shape is similar to spindle, and wherein main lobe is many by force with respect to the gain of other secondary lobes and in an intermediate position.According to base station day
Line designs and produces specification, and gain envelope line has determining horizontal plane width and lobe shape, to realize base station cell signal
Oriented cover target in particular directions, constitutes cellular mobile communications network.
By mobile communication principle it is found that the directions of rays of antenna azimuth is just occuping this antenna for base station in horizontally or vertically side
The main lobe center of upward gain envelope line, and there is highest transmitting gain.Although by periphery landform, landforms, building
Deng influence, the actual emanations gain of the transmitting signal of antenna for base station in all directions will receive different degrees of decrease, in fact
Gain envelope line and theoretic gain envelope line in the horizontal or vertical direction on border have certain difference, but its central ray
Angle will not change.By certain shape correcting process, which can be efficiently used for measuring and calculating antenna azimuth.
The present invention makes full use of antenna for base station to have the technical characteristic of fixed gain envelope line, passes through extraction antenna for base station
The radiation relative gain distributed intelligence at all directions angle, obtains actual gain envelope line, then passes through on installation horizontal plane
Corrected Calculation appropriate, the resemblance based on gain envelope line obtain its main lobe distributed intelligence and its center x-ray angle,
Thus antenna azimuth is calculated.
Detailed specific description is unfolded to this below with reference to Fig. 3.
Firstly, carrying out practical road to cellular mobile communication networks using the dedicated road measuring device such as drive test terminal or sweep generator
It surveys.Drive test terminal mentioned here GPS receiver, special drive test software can collectively form with laptop, be used for
Continuously measure and record the cellular mobile communication networks information such as wireless signal field.In one embodiment of the invention, drive test
Terminal can also cooperate the drive test software specially developed to be achieved by the smart phone of built-in GPS receiver chip.
During the drive test of cellular mobile communication networks, drive test terminal or sweep generator are in addition to periodically recording current time
Outside the location information of test sample point, it is also necessary to measure and record the wireless network parameter of test sample point position.This
A little wireless network parameters include that serving cell and adjacent area identification information, each cell downlink signal receive field strength data etc..Based on upper
The practical drive test data stated, the signal for extracting Target cell receive field strength metrical information.Wherein in order to improve data user rate,
Extracting information should also include the signal reception field strength for belonging to all test sample points of serving cell and adjacent area in Target cell
Metrical information.
During drive test, emit signal irregular distribution characteristic to subsequent calculated result to reduce specific region internal antenna
Interference, test sample point cannot be too close apart from antenna for base station, can not be too far.Generally at 200 meters or more, 2000 meters in practice
Within.In addition, the position distribution of each test sample point should coverage base station antenna as far as possible each horizontal direction angle, so as to complete
Calculate the radiation relative gain distributed intelligence on each horizontal direction angle.Therefore during actual measurement, dedicated drive test is set
Standby mobile route should strive for 360 degree of horizontal circle antenna for base station.
The drive test data of cellular mobile communication networks obtained through the above steps, in conjunction with where each test sample point
Position, signal receive field strength metrical information and the positional relationship with target BS, can quickly calculate target BS antenna
Radiation relative gain distributed intelligence on horizontal plane all directions angle.It is described as follows:
According to mobile communication principle, the cell signal field strength RSS=base station transmitting power Pt+ that test sample point receives is sent out
Penetrate antenna gain Gt+ receiving antenna gain Gr- space loss Lbf- feeder loss Lc.
Above-mentioned formula is converted, can be obtained: the transmitter antenna gain (dBi) of base station directions of rays angle where test sample point
Gt=cell signal field strength RSS+ space loss Lbf+ feeder loss Lc- base station transmitting power Pt- receiving antenna gain Gr.
Wherein, feeder loss Lc, receiving antenna gain Gr and base station transmitting power Pt are definite value.Transmitter antenna gain (dBi) meter
Above-mentioned definite value part is omitted during calculating, the resemblance for the gain envelope line being distributed on its all directions angle can't be changed.
This makes it possible to obtain transmitting antenna relative gain Gtr=cell signal field strength RSS+ space loss Lbf.Based on this letter
Changing the gain envelope line that calculating process obtains can be used for cell of origin azimuth in conjunction with its resemblance.
Propagation loss formula based on radio wave in free space, free space loss Lbf=20lg (F)+20lg (D)
+ 32.44 (wherein F be frequency, unit: MHz；D is distance, unit: KM).But in the actual environment, by periphery landform, landforms,
Building etc. influences, and also needs to increase test sample point to ambient occlusion factor bring between antenna in real space loss calculation
Excess loss gain Lr.
Above-mentioned calculation formula will adjust as a result, are as follows: transmitting antenna relative gain Gtr=cell signal field strength RSS+20lg
(F)+20lg (D)+actual environment excess loss Lr
Consider if actual environment excess loss Lr and transmitting antenna relative gain merged, can be obtained in actual environment
The radiation relative gain Gpr=transmitting antenna relative gain Gtr- actual environment of antenna for base station comprising environmental factor additionally damages
Consume Lr.
Relative gain Gpr=cell signal field strength RSS+20lg (F)+20lg (D) is radiated as a result,.
Although the gain envelope line and theoretic gain envelope of the radiation relative gain Gpr of actual antennas in the horizontal plane
Line has certain difference, and there are different degrees of decaying on all directions angle, but its center x-ray angle can't change, and passes through
After certain value revision processing, its gain envelope line feature can be made to further approach theoretic gain envelope line, from
And it can be used for calculating antenna azimuth.It is described as follows:
Has stronger spatial coherence since actual environment excess loss Lr emits on adjacent deflection in antenna.It is based on
The calculated result for radiating relative gain Gpr, by taking the appropriate smoothing computation of adjacent deflection numerical value, (its physical meaning is to make
Actual environment excess loss Lr on all directions angle close to definite value), so that revised radiation relative gain Gpr
Gain envelope line feature will be closer to transmitting antenna relative gain Gtr so that based on resemblance position antenna azimuth
Calculated result will be more accurate.
Simultaneously as will lead to letter because signal reflex, street corner effect etc. can generate rapid fading during radio signal propagation
Number receive field strength there are a degree of high frequencies quickly to rise and fall, will lead to it is above-mentioned it is calculated radiation relative gain gain envelope
Line generates distortion.Therefore, in actual data handling procedure, it is necessary to which the data sequence for receiving field strength to signal is filtered
Processing, to eliminate high-frequency components therein as far as possible, to farthest inhibit the fast weak influence to calculated result.
Based on above-mentioned technical principle, know radio signal frequency F, the signal of test sample point receives in all directions
Field strength measurement information (i.e. cell signal field strength RSS) and its in the case where target BS distance D, so that it may calculate target base
Radiation relative gain Gpr of the station antenna on all directions angle, it is hereby achieved that spoke of the target BS antenna on all directions angle
Penetrate relative gain distributed intelligence.
After obtaining above-mentioned radiation relative gain distributed intelligence, the gain envelope line of its formation is obtained naturally.Then,
The further measuring and calculating of antenna azimuth is carried out using the gain envelope line.It is described as follows:
It calculates first with its resemblance for above-mentioned steps gain envelope line obtained and extracts target BS day
The main lobe distributed intelligence of line in the horizontal direction.
According to the design principle of antenna for base station, in gain envelope line, main lobe is significantly larger with respect to secondary lobe shape, shape tool
There is symmetry characteristic, occupy the symmetrical middle position of the class sector shape of gain envelope line, and the main lobe sector of common antenna for base station
It is wider, generally there are 60 degree or more width, and secondary lobe sector gain and width are smaller.
It can effectively be recovered after interpolated data is handled using resemblance main, secondary lobe in above-mentioned gain envelope line
Than more complete envelope shape.After smoothing processing, the secondary lobe portion in gain envelope line can be further suppressed and reduced
Point.
Using above-mentioned revised gain envelope line, stronger gain section wherein with certain sector width is extracted
Afterwards, it can be obtained the sector position where its main lobe.After calculating its sector centers x-ray angle, antenna azimuth can be obtained
Results of measuring.
Further, the installation of the results of measuring of the obtained antenna azimuth of above-mentioned steps and antenna for base station engineering is advised
Parameter and historical record is drawn to be compared, so that it may determine antenna azimuth whether deviation and deviation how much.
For actual deviation present in antenna azimuth, a degree of deviation tolerance threshold value can be preset.?
Deviation within the degree of deviation tolerance threshold value, it may not be necessary to comprehend, but for inclined except degree of deviation tolerance threshold value
Difference needs to provide report to network maintenance staff to take necessary satisfactory after correcting in time.
It is preceding to have addressed, in the Construction Phase of cellular mobile communication networks, the only newly azimuth adjustment of installation antenna
Accurately it just can guarantee that the practical coverage effect of base station is identical as network planning target.In the daily maintenance of cellular mobile communication networks
Stage, according to traffic distribution situation and the network coverage there are the problem of, it is also desirable to appropriate adjustment is carried out to base station azimuth, with
Just preferably optimize network, ensure the running quality and performance of whole network.
Using method provided by the present invention, actual antenna azimuth can be quickly calculated with very low cost, with
This judges whether to deviate with the installation projecting parameter of antenna for base station engineering, so that existing network maintenance personnel be greatly lowered
The workload and difficulty of construction of in-site measurement antenna azimuth；Meanwhile orientation is also quickly positioned and solved for network maintenance staff
The decline of network service quality caused by angular displacement provides foundation.
The azimuthal method of measuring and calculating antenna of mobile communication base station provided by the present invention is described in detail above,
It is apparent that specific implementation form of the invention is not limited thereto.For those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing substantially from
To the various obvious changes of its progress all in guarantor of the invention in the case where spirit and claims of the present invention range
Within the scope of shield.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of azimuthal method of measuring and calculating antenna of mobile communication base station, it is characterised in that include the following steps:
Drive test, spoke of the measuring and calculating target BS antenna on all directions angle of installation horizontal plane are carried out to cellular mobile communication networks
Penetrate relative gain distributed intelligence；
Resemblance based on the gain envelope line that the radiation relative gain distributed intelligence is formed, extracts the target BS day
Line main lobe distributed intelligence in the horizontal direction and its center x-ray angle；
Antenna azimuth is obtained according to the main lobe distributed intelligence and its center x-ray angle.
2. the measuring and calculating azimuthal method of antenna of mobile communication base station as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that:
During carrying out drive test, current time, the location information of test sample point and test sample point institute are periodically recorded
Wireless network parameter in position, as drive test data.
3. the measuring and calculating azimuthal method of antenna of mobile communication base station as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that:
The wireless network parameter includes that serving cell and adjacent area identification information, each cell downlink signal receive field strength data.
4. the measuring and calculating azimuthal method of antenna of mobile communication base station as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that:
Based on the drive test data, the signal for extracting Target cell receives field strength metrical information.
5. the measuring and calculating azimuthal method of antenna of mobile communication base station as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that:
Extracting information further includes belonging to the signal reception field strength of all test sample points of serving cell and adjacent area in Target cell
Metrical information.
6. the measuring and calculating azimuthal method of antenna of mobile communication base station as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that the target base
The radiation relative gain of station antenna is obtained by following formula:
Radiate relative gain Gpr=cell signal field strength RSS+20lg (F)+20lg (D)；
Wherein, cell signal field strength RSS is that the signal receives field strength metrical information, and F is radio signal frequency, and D is that test is adopted
Distance of the sampling point to target BS.
7. the measuring and calculating azimuthal method of antenna of mobile communication base station as claimed in claim 6, it is characterised in that:
During calculating the radiation relative gain, the data sequence for receiving field strength to signal is filtered, and is eliminated
High-frequency components therein.
8. the measuring and calculating azimuthal method of antenna of mobile communication base station as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that:
For the gain envelope line, using the difference of master, secondary lobe in resemblance, identification inhibits or removes secondary lobe part
Influence after, identification and extract main lobe part.
9. the measuring and calculating azimuthal method of antenna of mobile communication base station as claimed in claim 8, it is characterised in that:
For the gain envelope line, the sector position where the main lobe part is obtained, calculates the central ray angle of its sector
Degree, obtains the antenna azimuth.
10. the measuring and calculating azimuthal method of antenna of mobile communication base station as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that:
After obtaining the antenna azimuth, periodically it is compared, sentences with the project installation parameter of the target BS antenna
The antenna azimuth that breaks whether deviation and deviation how much；If the deviation is greater than degree of deviation tolerance threshold value, to network
Maintenance personnel provides report.
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Families Citing this family (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107276691B (en) * | 2016-04-08 | 2020-09-18 | 中国移动通信集团广东有限公司 | Method and device for determining direction angle of antenna |
| CN109982368B (en) * | 2017-12-28 | 2022-12-13 | 中国移动通信集团四川有限公司 | Method, device, equipment and medium for checking cell azimuth |
| CN108770000A (en) * | 2018-04-16 | 2018-11-06 | 国网浙江省电力有限公司 | Signal trunking method for unmanned plane inspection in electric power raceway groove |
| CN109039481A (en) * | 2018-08-15 | 2018-12-18 | 中睿通信规划设计有限公司 | Measurement method and system based on Antenna Far Field antenna for base station work angle of declination |
| CN109548033A (en) * | 2018-11-01 | 2019-03-29 | 上海肯汀通讯科技有限公司 | A kind of base station antenna feeder system amelioration method based on signal of communication measurement |
| CN111683388B (en) * | 2020-08-13 | 2020-11-06 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | Near-field radiation attenuation test method and three-dimensional display system |
| CN116027256A (en) * | 2021-10-25 | 2023-04-28 | 华为技术有限公司 | Base station antenna, measuring method and measuring device for azimuth angle of base station antenna, medium and base station |
| CN114221717B (en) * | 2021-12-15 | 2023-07-14 | 中国联合网络通信集团有限公司 | Base station antenna azimuth calibration method and device |
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