CN104994526A - Method for measuring azimuth angle of mobile communication base station antenna - Google Patents
Method for measuring azimuth angle of mobile communication base station antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN104994526A CN104994526A CN201510354962.1A CN201510354962A CN104994526A CN 104994526 A CN104994526 A CN 104994526A CN 201510354962 A CN201510354962 A CN 201510354962A CN 104994526 A CN104994526 A CN 104994526A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W24/00—Supervisory, monitoring or testing arrangements
- H04W24/02—Arrangements for optimising operational condition
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W16/00—Network planning, e.g. coverage or traffic planning tools; Network deployment, e.g. resource partitioning or cells structures
- H04W16/18—Network planning tools
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for measuring an azimuth angle of a mobile communication base station antenna, and includes the steps of: performing a drive test on a cellular mobile communication network, and measuring radiation relative gain distribution information of a target base station antenna at each azimuth angle of an installation horizontal plane; based on the shape characteristics of a gain envelope line formed by the radiation relative gain distribution information, extracting main lobe distribution of the target base station antenna in a horizontal direction and a central ray angle; and obtaining the azimuth angle of the antenna according to the main lobe distribution information and the central ray angle. According to the method for measuring the azimuth angle of the mobile communication base station antenna, people do not need to purchase or install special hardware by climbing up to a tower, and can complete measurement only by utilizing drive test data of an existing drive test terminal and sweep generator, the cost is low, and engineering implementation is easy; and a calculation result is high in degree of accuracy and stability, and a requirement for optimizing work of the cellular mobile communication network can be satisfied.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of antenna azimuth measuring method, particularly relate to a kind of feature for mobile communication base station orthotype antenna, by measuring and calculating aerial radiation relative gain distributed intelligence to determine the method at the horizontal installation position angle of antenna, belong to mobile communication technology field.
Background technology
In mobile communication system, the transmitting and receiving of signal all need to rely on antenna to realize.Particularly in cellular mobile communication networks, base station mainly uses orthotype antenna (referred to as antenna for base station) to carry out the quorum sensing inhibitor of specific region.Therefore, the horizontal installation position angle (abbreviation azimuth) of antenna for base station, as very important engineering construction parameter, plays vital effect to the actual coverage effect in cellular cell and overall performance of network.
But, in the actual moving process of cellular mobile communication networks, the azimuth of antenna for base station offsets because of the external cause such as high wind, earthquake sometimes, also likely because engineering construction quality reason produces deviation even mistake, this will cause the actual coverage effect of cell signals to produce the even larger change of deviation, thus cannot realize the expection operational objective of cellular mobile communication networks.
In the prior art, in order to determine the azimuth angle deviation of the antenna for base station caused because of a variety of causes, mainly adopt three kinds of following metering systems:
1) manual measurement mode: carry out on-the-spot field survey by survey crew, utilizes the azimuth of each cellular base stations antenna of measuring instrument hand dipping.The measurement result of this mode is comparatively accurate, but community is spread all over and the cellular mobile communication networks of huge number, expend time in very much, resource and manpower.In addition survey crew needs adjacent antenna to carry out operation, and base station equipment often wants interrupt run.
2) hardware remote mode: install special remote measuring unit on antenna for base station, and wirelessly azimuthal for base station metrical information is transferred to far end system or special receiving terminal.Be such as in the Chinese patent application of 201310026133.1 at application number, disclose a kind of can the mechanical angle parameter of Real-Time Monitoring antenna, and detection remote data can be uploaded to network management center's server, network management center's server by controlling electric-regulating device, thus realizes the antenna attitude supervisory control system to the support electricity conditioning function that the electrical tilt parameter of antenna regulates.But although the measurement result of hardware remote mode is comparatively accurate, construction and installation cost and measuring equipment are invested still higher.
3) software measuring and calculating mode: the drive test terminal that equipment Network Based is collected measures reported data, utilizes the carrier/interface ratio of cell-of-origin and each community, drive test terminal measurement point place and distance relation to carry out the azimuthal statistical calculation of antenna for base station maximum probability.Be such as in the Chinese invention patent of ZL200910089769.4 in the patent No., disclose a kind of concrete grammar by software measuring and calculating mode determination deviation of azimuth angle of base station antenna.But, although this type of mode implementation cost is lower, under part scene, also can obtain that base station is azimuthal roughly estimates information.But because its algorithm exists certain theory limit, its core calculations process only can rely on probability statistics to calculate, affects by factors such as sample size and test point distributions, result of calculation has certain fluctuation and causes accuracy, reliability not high.
Summary of the invention
For the deficiencies in the prior art, technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of measuring and calculating antenna of mobile communication base station azimuthal method.
For realizing above-mentioned goal of the invention, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
A kind of azimuthal method of measuring and calculating antenna of mobile communication base station, comprises the steps:
Drive test is carried out to cellular mobile communication networks, the radiation relative gain distributed intelligence of measuring and calculating target BS antenna on all directions angle of installing horizontal plane;
Based on the resemblance of the gain envelope line that described radiation relative gain distributed intelligence is formed, extract the main lobe distributed intelligence in the horizontal direction of described target BS antenna and its center x-ray angle;
Antenna azimuth is obtained according to described main lobe distributed intelligence and its center x-ray angle.
Wherein more preferably, in the process of carrying out drive test, periodically record current time, the positional information of test sample point and the wireless network parameter of test sample point position, as drive test data.
Wherein more preferably, described wireless network parameter comprises Serving cell and adjacent area identification information, each cell downlink Signal reception field intensity data.
Wherein more preferably, based on described drive test data, extract the Signal reception field strength measurement information of Target cell.
Wherein more preferably, information extraction also comprises in Target cell the Signal reception field strength measurement information of all test sample points belonging to Serving cell and adjacent area.
Wherein more preferably, the radiation relative gain of described target BS antenna is obtained by following formula:
Radiation relative gain Gpr=cell signal field intensity RSS+20lg (F)+20lg (D);
Wherein, cell signal field intensity RSS is described Signal reception field strength measurement information, and F is radio signal frequency, and D is the distance of test sample point to target BS.
Wherein more preferably, in the process calculating described radiation relative gain, filtering process is carried out to the data sequence of Signal reception field intensity, eliminate high-frequency components wherein.
Wherein more preferably, for described gain envelope line, utilize main, the difference of secondary lobe in resemblance, identify, suppress or after removal secondary lobe some effects, identify and extract main lobe part.
Wherein more preferably, for described gain envelope line, obtain the sector position at described main lobe part place, calculate the central ray angle of its sector, obtain described antenna azimuth.
Wherein more preferably, after obtaining described antenna azimuth, the project installation parameter of regular and described target BS antenna compares, judge described antenna azimuth whether deviation and deviation how many; If described deviation is greater than degree of deviation tolerance threshold value, provide report to network maintenance staff.
Compared with prior art, technical scheme provided by the present invention has following technical characterstic:
1) without the need to hardware supports: install specialised hardware without the need to buying and upper tower, only utilize the drive test data of existing drive test terminal or sweep generator to complete, cost is low, and engineering construction is easy;
2) abundant information: except azimuth information, can also provide omnidirectional's distribution pattern information of base station signal actual emanations gain, is convenient to grasp the signal propagation condition in coverage and antenna transmission change in gain;
3) data user rate is high: computational process makes full use of all kinds of effective informations in drive test data, comprises the Signal reception field strength measurement information of Serving cell and adjacent area, can farthest recover to extract aerial radiation gain information so that computer azimuth angle;
4) availability is strong: one time drive test data can calculate multiple antenna azimuth for mass, and computational process algorithm is reliable, and result of calculation accuracy, stability are high, can meet the requirement of cellular mobile communication networks Optimization Work.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is in cellular mobile communication networks, antenna for base station gain profiles schematic diagram in the horizontal direction;
Fig. 2 is in cellular mobile communication networks, antenna for base station gain profiles schematic diagram in vertical direction;
Fig. 3 is the azimuthal method flow diagram of measuring and calculating antenna of mobile communication base station provided by the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, detailed specific description is launched to technology contents of the present invention.
In mobile communication system, the antenna for base station used has different radiation gains on all directions angle of installing horizontal plane.Under the space coordinates put centered by base station, get each angle gain numerical point and couple together and can form a similar sector region, its horizontal plane or vertical plane outer are the gain envelope line in the horizontal or vertical direction of this antenna for base station.
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, the gain envelope line profile of antenna for base station comprises multiple adjacent and not of uniform size lobe, the similar spindle of each lobe profile, and wherein the gain of main lobe other secondary lobes relative is a lot of by force, and mediates.According to antenna for base station design and produce specification, gain envelope line has the horizontal plane width and lobe profile determined, to realize base station cell signal oriented cover target in particular directions, forms cellular mobile communications network.
From mobile communication principle, the directions of rays of antenna azimuth is just occuping the main lobe central authorities of this antenna for base station gain envelope line in the horizontal or vertical directions, and has the highest transmitting gain.Although be subject to the impacts such as periphery landform, landforms, building, the actual emanations gain transmitted in all directions of antenna for base station can be subject to weakening in various degree, gain envelope line in the horizontal or vertical direction of its reality and theoretic gain envelope line have certain difference, but its center x-ray angle can not change.By certain profile correcting process, this gain envelope line can effectively for calculating antenna azimuth.
The present invention makes full use of the technical characteristic that antenna for base station has fixing gain envelope line, by extracting antenna for base station in the radiation relative gain distributed intelligence of installing all directions angle on horizontal plane, obtain actual gain envelope line, then by suitable corrected Calculation, resemblance based on gain envelope line obtains its main lobe distributed intelligence and its center x-ray angle, calculates antenna azimuth thus.
Below in conjunction with Fig. 3, detailed specific description is launched to this.
First, the special road measuring device such as drive test terminal or sweep generator is utilized to carry out actual drive test to cellular mobile communication networks.Drive test terminal mentioned here can coordinate GPS by notebook computer, special drive test software is formed jointly, records the cellular mobile communication networks information such as wireless signal field for continuous measurement.In one embodiment of the invention, drive test terminal also can, by the smart mobile phone of built-in GPS receiving chip, coordinate the drive test software of special exploitation to be achieved.
In the drive test process of cellular mobile communication networks, drive test terminal or sweep generator, except the positional information of periodically record current time and test sample point, also need to measure and record the wireless network parameter of test sample point position.These wireless network parameters comprise Serving cell and adjacent area identification information, each cell downlink Signal reception field intensity data etc.Based on above-mentioned actual drive test data, extract the Signal reception field strength measurement information of Target cell.Wherein in order to improve data user rate, information extraction also should comprise in Target cell the Signal reception field strength measurement information of all test sample points belonging to Serving cell and adjacent area.
In drive test process, to transmit the interference of irregular distribution character to follow-up result of calculation for reducing specific region internal antenna, test sample point distance antenna for base station can not be too near, can not be too far away.General more than 200 meters, within 2000 meters in practice.In addition, the position distribution of each test sample point should be tried one's best each horizontal direction angle of coverage base station antenna, so that complete computation goes out the radiation relative gain distributed intelligence on each horizontal direction angle.Therefore, in actual measurement process, the mobile alignment of special road measuring device should strive for horizontal circle antenna for base station 360 degree.
The drive test data of the cellular mobile communication networks obtained by above-mentioned steps, in conjunction with the position at each test sample point place, Signal reception field strength measurement information and the position relationship with target BS, the radiation relative gain distributed intelligence of target BS antenna on horizontal plane all directions angle can be calculated by Quick Measuring.Be described as follows:
According to mobile communication principle, the cell signal field intensity RSS=base station transmitting power Pt+ transmitter antenna gain (dBi) Gt+ receiving antenna gain Gr-space loss Lbf-feeder loss Lc that test sample point receives.
Above-mentioned formula is changed, can obtain: the transmitter antenna gain (dBi) Gt=cell signal field intensity RSS+ space loss Lbf+ feeder loss Lc-base station transmitting power Pt-receiving antenna gain Gr of base station, test sample point place directions of rays angle.
Wherein, feeder loss Lc, receiving antenna gain Gr and base station transmitting power Pt are definite value.Omit above-mentioned definite value part in transmitter antenna gain (dBi) computational process, the resemblance of the gain envelope line that its all directions angle distributes can't be changed.
Can obtain thus, transmitting antenna relative gain Gtr=cell signal field intensity RSS+ space loss Lbf.Simplify the gain envelope line of computational process acquisition based on this, in conjunction with its resemblance, may be used for cell of origin azimuth.
Based on the propagation loss formula of radio wave at free space, (wherein F is frequency to free-space loss Lbf=20lg (F)+20lg (D)+32.44, unit: MHz; D is distance, unit: KM).But in actual environment, affect by periphery landform, landforms, building etc., also need in real space loss calculation to increase the excess loss gain Lr that between test sample point to antenna, the environment factor of blocking is brought.
Thus, above-mentioned computing formula will be adjusted to: transmitting antenna relative gain Gtr=cell signal field intensity RSS+20lg (F)+20lg (D)+actual environment excess loss Lr
Consider if actual environment excess loss Lr and transmitting antenna relative gain are merged, then can obtain the radiation relative gain Gpr=transmitting antenna relative gain Gtr-actual environment excess loss Lr of the antenna for base station comprising environmental factor in actual environment.
Thus, radiation relative gain Gpr=cell signal field intensity RSS+20lg (F)+20lg (D).
Although the radiation relative gain Gpr of actual antennas gain envelope line in the horizontal plane and theoretic gain envelope line have certain difference, all directions angle exists decay in various degree, but its center x-ray angle can't change, after certain value revision process, its gain envelope line features can be made further close to theoretic gain envelope line, thus may be used for calculating antenna azimuth.Be described as follows:
Because actual environment excess loss Lr possesses stronger spatial coherence on the adjacent deflection of antenna transmission.Based on the result of calculation of radiation relative gain Gpr, by taking the suitable smoothing computation of adjacent deflection numerical value (its physical meaning is make actual environment excess loss Lr on all directions angle close to definite value), thus make the gain envelope line features of revised radiation relative gain Gpr will closer to transmitting antenna relative gain Gtr, it will be more accurate for making based on the azimuthal result of calculation of resemblance positioning antenna.
Meanwhile, due in radio signal propagation process because signal reflex, street corner effect etc. can produce rapid fading, Signal reception field intensity will be caused to there is high frequency to a certain degree and to rise and fall fast, the gain envelope line of the above-mentioned radiation relative gain calculated can be caused to produce distortion.Therefore, in the data handling procedure of reality, also must carry out filtering process to the data sequence of Signal reception field intensity, to eliminate high-frequency components wherein as far as possible, thus farthest suppress the weak impact on result of calculation soon.
Based on above-mentioned know-why, when knowing the Signal reception field strength measurement information (i.e. cell signal field intensity RSS) of test sample point in radio signal frequency F, all directions and arriving target BS distance D, just can calculate the radiation relative gain Gpr of target BS antenna on all directions angle, the radiation relative gain distributed intelligence of target BS antenna on all directions angle can be obtained thus.
After obtaining above-mentioned radiation relative gain distributed intelligence, naturally obtain its gain envelope line formed.Then, this gain envelope line is utilized to carry out the further measuring and calculating of antenna azimuth.Be described as follows:
For the gain envelope line that above-mentioned steps obtains, first utilize its resemblance, calculate and extract the main lobe distributed intelligence in the horizontal direction of target BS antenna.
According to the design principle of antenna for base station, in gain envelope line, main lobe is remarkable relative to secondary lobe profile larger, profile has symmetry characteristic, occupy the symmetrical middle position of the fan-shaped profile of class of gain envelope line, and the main lobe sector of conventional antenna for base station is wider, generally have more than 60 degree width, and secondary lobe sector gain and width is all smaller.
Utilize resemblance that is main in above-mentioned gain envelope line, secondary lobe, after interpolated data process, can effectively recover than more complete envelope profile.After smoothing processing, can suppress and reduce the secondary lobe part in gain envelope line further.
Utilize above-mentioned revised gain envelope line, after extracting the stronger gain section wherein with certain sector width, the sector position at its main lobe place can be obtained.After its sector centers x-ray angle of calculating, the results of measuring of antenna azimuth can be obtained.
Further, the results of measuring of antenna azimuth above-mentioned steps obtained and the installation projecting parameter of antenna for base station engineering and historical record compare, just can determine antenna azimuth whether deviation and deviation how many.
For the actual deviation existing for antenna azimuth, a degree of deviation tolerance threshold value can be preset.Deviation within this degree of deviation tolerance threshold value, can comprehend, but for the deviation outside degree of deviation tolerance threshold value, needs to provide report to take necessary satisfactory after correcting in time to network maintenance staff.
Before address, at the Construction Phase of cellular mobile communication networks, only have the azimuth newly fixed up an aerial wire to adjust the actual coverage effect of accurate guarantee base station identical with network planning target.In the regular maintenance stage of cellular mobile communication networks, according to traffic distribution situation and network coverage Problems existing, also need suitably to adjust azimuth, base station, so that optimized network better, ensure running quality and the performance of whole network.
Utilize method provided by the present invention, actual antenna azimuth can be calculated fast with very low cost, judge whether the installation projecting parameter generation deviation with antenna for base station engineering with this, thus significantly reduce workload and the difficulty of construction of existing network attendant in-site measurement antenna azimuth; Meanwhile, the network service quality also caused for network maintenance staff's quick position and solution azimuth angle deviation declines and provides foundation.
Above the azimuthal method of measuring and calculating antenna of mobile communication base station provided by the present invention has been described in detail, but obvious specific implementation form of the present invention is not limited thereto.For one of ordinary skill in the art, the various apparent change carried out it when not deviating from spirit of the present invention and right is all within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. calculate the azimuthal method of antenna of mobile communication base station, it is characterized in that comprising the steps:
Drive test is carried out to cellular mobile communication networks, the radiation relative gain distributed intelligence of measuring and calculating target BS antenna on all directions angle of installing horizontal plane;
Based on the resemblance of the gain envelope line that described radiation relative gain distributed intelligence is formed, extract the main lobe distributed intelligence in the horizontal direction of described target BS antenna and its center x-ray angle;
Antenna azimuth is obtained according to described main lobe distributed intelligence and its center x-ray angle.
2. the azimuthal method of measuring and calculating antenna of mobile communication base station as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that:
In the process of carrying out drive test, periodically record current time, the positional information of test sample point and the wireless network parameter of test sample point position, as drive test data.
3. the azimuthal method of measuring and calculating antenna of mobile communication base station as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that:
Described wireless network parameter comprises Serving cell and adjacent area identification information, each cell downlink Signal reception field intensity data.
4. the azimuthal method of measuring and calculating antenna of mobile communication base station as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that:
Based on described drive test data, extract the Signal reception field strength measurement information of Target cell.
5. the azimuthal method of measuring and calculating antenna of mobile communication base station as claimed in claim 4, is characterized in that:
Information extraction also comprises in Target cell the Signal reception field strength measurement information of all test sample points belonging to Serving cell and adjacent area.
6. the azimuthal method of measuring and calculating antenna of mobile communication base station as claimed in claim 4, is characterized in that the radiation relative gain of described target BS antenna is obtained by following formula:
Radiation relative gain Gpr=cell signal field intensity RSS+20lg (F)+20lg (D);
Wherein, cell signal field intensity RSS is described Signal reception field strength measurement information, and F is radio signal frequency, and D is the distance of test sample point to target BS.
7. the azimuthal method of measuring and calculating antenna of mobile communication base station as claimed in claim 6, is characterized in that:
In the process calculating described radiation relative gain, filtering process is carried out to the data sequence of Signal reception field intensity, eliminate high-frequency components wherein.
8. the azimuthal method of measuring and calculating antenna of mobile communication base station as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that:
For described gain envelope line, utilize main, the difference of secondary lobe in resemblance, identify, suppress or after removal secondary lobe some effects, identify and extract main lobe part.
9. the azimuthal method of measuring and calculating antenna of mobile communication base station as claimed in claim 8, is characterized in that:
For described gain envelope line, obtain the sector position at described main lobe part place, calculate the central ray angle of its sector, obtain described antenna azimuth.
10. the azimuthal method of measuring and calculating antenna of mobile communication base station as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that:
After obtaining described antenna azimuth, the project installation parameter of regular and described target BS antenna compares, judge described antenna azimuth whether deviation and deviation how many; If described deviation is greater than degree of deviation tolerance threshold value, provide report to network maintenance staff.
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| CN107276691A (en) * | 2016-04-08 | 2017-10-20 | 中国移动通信集团广东有限公司 | A kind of determination method and device of antenna directional angle |
| CN108770000A (en) * | 2018-04-16 | 2018-11-06 | 国网浙江省电力有限公司 | Signal trunking method for unmanned plane inspection in electric power raceway groove |
| CN109039481A (en) * | 2018-08-15 | 2018-12-18 | 中睿通信规划设计有限公司 | Measurement method and system based on Antenna Far Field antenna for base station work angle of declination |
| CN109548033A (en) * | 2018-11-01 | 2019-03-29 | 上海肯汀通讯科技有限公司 | A kind of base station antenna feeder system amelioration method based on signal of communication measurement |
| CN109982368A (en) * | 2017-12-28 | 2019-07-05 | 中国移动通信集团四川有限公司 | The azimuthal check method of cell, device, equipment and medium |
| CN111683388A (en) * | 2020-08-13 | 2020-09-18 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | Near-field radiation attenuation test method and three-dimensional display system |
| CN114221717A (en) * | 2021-12-15 | 2022-03-22 | 中国联合网络通信集团有限公司 | Base station antenna azimuth angle calibration method and device |
| WO2023071659A1 (en) * | 2021-10-25 | 2023-05-04 | 华为技术有限公司 | Base station antenna and measurement method and measurement device for azimuth angle thereof, medium, and base station |
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| CN107276691A (en) * | 2016-04-08 | 2017-10-20 | 中国移动通信集团广东有限公司 | A kind of determination method and device of antenna directional angle |
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| CN109039481A (en) * | 2018-08-15 | 2018-12-18 | 中睿通信规划设计有限公司 | Measurement method and system based on Antenna Far Field antenna for base station work angle of declination |
| CN109548033A (en) * | 2018-11-01 | 2019-03-29 | 上海肯汀通讯科技有限公司 | A kind of base station antenna feeder system amelioration method based on signal of communication measurement |
| CN111683388A (en) * | 2020-08-13 | 2020-09-18 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | Near-field radiation attenuation test method and three-dimensional display system |
| WO2023071659A1 (en) * | 2021-10-25 | 2023-05-04 | 华为技术有限公司 | Base station antenna and measurement method and measurement device for azimuth angle thereof, medium, and base station |
| CN114221717A (en) * | 2021-12-15 | 2022-03-22 | 中国联合网络通信集团有限公司 | Base station antenna azimuth angle calibration method and device |
| CN114221717B (en) * | 2021-12-15 | 2023-07-14 | 中国联合网络通信集团有限公司 | Base station antenna azimuth calibration method and device |
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| CN104994526B (en) | 2018-12-07 |
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