CN104993796B - A kind of Doherty power amplifier - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种Doherty功率放大器，包括功率分配器、载波放大电路、峰值放大电路和合路器。载波放大电路包括载波相位延迟线、载波放大器和载波补偿线。峰值放大电路包括峰值相位延迟线和峰值放大器。功率分配器将输入信号平均输出至载波放大电路和峰值放大电路。该采用新型峰值放大器的Doherty功率放大器相对于传统Doherty功率放大器，通过对峰值放大器输出匹配网络的优化设计，在不用峰值补偿线的情况下，保证峰值放大器输出端在工作带宽内呈高阻抗，进而减少了载波放大电路造成的功率泄漏，实现更宽的带宽并提高了输出功率和回退效率，可应用于未来宽带无线通信系统。
The invention discloses a Doherty power amplifier, which comprises a power divider, a carrier amplifying circuit, a peak amplifying circuit and a combiner. The carrier amplifier circuit includes a carrier phase delay line, a carrier amplifier and a carrier compensation line. The peak amplifying circuit includes a peak phase delay line and a peak amplifier. The power divider outputs the input signal to the carrier amplifier circuit and the peak amplifier circuit on average. Compared with the traditional Doherty power amplifier, the Doherty power amplifier using the new peak amplifier, through the optimized design of the output matching network of the peak amplifier, ensures that the output end of the peak amplifier is high impedance within the working bandwidth without using the peak compensation line. The power leakage caused by the carrier amplifier circuit is reduced, wider bandwidth is realized, output power and back-off efficiency are improved, and it can be applied to future broadband wireless communication systems.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及通信技术领域，具体涉及一种采用新型峰值放大器输出匹配网络的Doherty功率放大器。The invention relates to the technical field of communication, in particular to a Doherty power amplifier using a novel peak amplifier output matching network.
背景技术Background technique
随着科技的发展，现代无线通信系统朝着更高的带宽、更快的速率以及更高的效率方向发展，第四代通信系统(4G)的普及和通信信息量的不断增大，对无线通信系统提出了高要求。现代通信系统中的调制信号具有更高峰均比，因此要求功率放大器工作在较高的功率回退点，以保证信号的线性度，但是会使功率放大器的效率明显降低。With the development of science and technology, modern wireless communication systems are developing towards higher bandwidth, faster speed and higher efficiency. Communication systems place high demands. Modulated signals in modern communication systems have a higher peak-to-average ratio, so the power amplifier is required to work at a higher power back-off point to ensure the linearity of the signal, but the efficiency of the power amplifier will be significantly reduced.
为了适应调制信号的高峰均比，在功率放大器的设计中要求功率放大器在大功率回退时仍保持较高的效率，Doherty功率放大器能够在功率回退时有较高的效率，既保证了通讯信号的线性度，又能保持较高的工作效率。传统的Doherty功率放大器中载波放大器偏置在AB类，峰值放大器偏置在C类，在小信号时，峰值放大器不工作，通过调整峰值补偿线使输出端呈开路状态，减小载波放大器的功率泄漏，载波放大器通过输出端通过λ/4阻抗变换线呈最优阻抗的两倍，提前达到高效率的饱和状态。基于有源负载调制原理，当峰值放大器开始导通，载波放大器负载阻抗开始减小，输出功率进一步增大，两者输出电流相同时，载波放大器和峰值放大器同时达到饱和，输出功率达到最大值，使Doherty功率放大器在饱和功率及功率回退的范围内保持较高的效率。In order to adapt to the peak-to-average ratio of the modulated signal, the design of the power amplifier requires the power amplifier to maintain a high efficiency when the power is backed off. The Doherty power amplifier can have a high efficiency when the power is backed off, which not only ensures the communication The linearity of the signal can maintain high work efficiency. In the traditional Doherty power amplifier, the carrier amplifier is biased in class AB, and the peak amplifier is biased in class C. When the signal is small, the peak amplifier does not work. By adjusting the peak compensation line, the output terminal is in an open state to reduce the power of the carrier amplifier. Leakage, the carrier amplifier passes through the λ/4 impedance transformation line at the output end to twice the optimal impedance, and reaches the high-efficiency saturation state in advance. Based on the principle of active load modulation, when the peak amplifier starts to conduct, the load impedance of the carrier amplifier begins to decrease, and the output power further increases. When the output current of the two is the same, the carrier amplifier and the peak amplifier reach saturation at the same time, and the output power reaches the maximum value. Make the Doherty power amplifier maintain high efficiency in the range of saturation power and power back-off.
通过研究发现，传统的Doherty功率放大器中，峰值放大器通过峰值补偿线使输出阻抗在工作带宽内保持高阻抗，然而峰值补偿线越长，会使带宽内的输出阻抗分布越分散，而且偏离中心频率愈远，阻抗的变化愈剧烈，会造成载波放大器的功率泄漏，影响到Doherty功率放大器回退时的功率和效率。因此，如何减小峰值补偿线的长度，进而增大工作带宽并提高Doherty功率放大器的功率和效率，具有十分重要的意义。Through research, it is found that in the traditional Doherty power amplifier, the peak amplifier keeps the output impedance high within the working bandwidth through the peak compensation line. However, the longer the peak compensation line, the more dispersed the output impedance distribution within the bandwidth and deviates from the center frequency. The farther away, the more severe the impedance change will cause the power leakage of the carrier amplifier and affect the power and efficiency of the Doherty power amplifier when it is backed off. Therefore, how to reduce the length of the peak compensation line to increase the operating bandwidth and improve the power and efficiency of the Doherty power amplifier is of great significance.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于提供一种Doherty功率放大器，即峰值放大器输出匹配网络的设计方法，以有效减小峰值补偿线的长度，使峰值放大器在小信号时的输出端呈开路状态，减少载波放大器输出的功率泄漏，提高Doherty功率放大器的输出功率和回退效率。The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of Doherty power amplifier, namely the design method of output matching network of peak amplifier, to effectively reduce the length of peak compensation line, make the output terminal of peak amplifier in the time of small signal open-circuit state, reduce the carrier amplifier output The power leakage improves the output power and back-off efficiency of the Doherty power amplifier.
为了解决以上技术问题，本发明采用的具体技术方案如下：In order to solve the above technical problems, the concrete technical scheme that the present invention adopts is as follows:
一种Doherty功率放大器，包括功率分配器(1)、载波放大电路(2)、峰值放大电路(8)和合路器(13)；其特征在于：所述功率分配器(1)输出端分别与载波放大电路(2)和峰值放大电路(8)输入端连接；所述载波放大电路(2)由载波相位补偿线(3)、载波IMN(输入匹配网络)(4)、载波放大器(5)、载波OMN(输出匹配网络)(6)和载波补偿线(7)依次串联连接组成；所述峰值放大电路(8)由峰值相位补偿线(9)、峰值IMN(输入匹配网络)(10)、峰值放大器(11)和峰值OMN(输出匹配网络)(12)依次串联连接组成；所述合路器(13)包括特性阻抗为35欧姆λ/4阻抗变换线(14)，连接到所述载波放大电路(2)和所述峰值放大电路(8)的信号输出端，其中，λ是Doherty功率放大器工作频率对应的波长。A kind of Doherty power amplifier, comprises power divider (1), carrier amplifier circuit (2), peak amplifying circuit (8) and combiner (13); It is characterized in that: described power divider (1) output end is connected with respectively The carrier amplifier circuit (2) is connected to the input end of the peak amplifier circuit (8); the carrier amplifier circuit (2) is composed of a carrier phase compensation line (3), a carrier IMN (input matching network) (4), a carrier amplifier (5) , carrier OMN (output matching network) (6) and carrier compensation line (7) are connected in series successively to form; Described peak amplifying circuit (8) is made up of peak phase compensation line (9), peak value IMN (input matching network) (10) , a peak amplifier (11) and a peak OMN (output matching network) (12) are connected in series in turn to form; the combiner (13) includes a characteristic impedance of 35 ohm λ/4 impedance transformation lines (14), connected to the The carrier amplifying circuit (2) and the signal output end of the peak amplifying circuit (8), wherein, λ is the wavelength corresponding to the operating frequency of the Doherty power amplifier.
所述功率分配器(1)将信号平均输出至载波放大电路(2)和峰值放大电路(8)。The power divider (1) averagely outputs the signal to the carrier amplifying circuit (2) and the peak amplifying circuit (8).
所述峰值放大电路(8)直接与合路器(13)中的35欧姆λ/4阻抗变换线(14)连接。The peak amplifying circuit (8) is directly connected to the 35 ohm λ/4 impedance transformation line (14) in the combiner (13).
所述载波放大电路(2)通过载波补偿线(7)与合路器(13)中的35欧姆λ/4阻抗变换线(14)连接。The carrier amplifying circuit (2) is connected to the 35 ohm λ/4 impedance transformation line (14) in the combiner (13) through the carrier compensation line (7).
本发明具有有益效果。与现有技术相比，本发明的技术方案具有以下有益效果：The invention has beneficial effects. Compared with the prior art, the technical solution of the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1)本发明能减小载波放大器输出端的功率泄漏，提高输出功率和效率。传统的Doherty功率放大器中，峰值放大器输出端通过峰值补偿线与合路器连接，峰值补偿线的加入，增大了匹配网络的长度，带宽内的阻抗分布比较分散，越偏离中心频率，阻抗变化越剧烈，易造成载波放大器功率泄漏。本发明在保证省略峰值补偿线的同时，峰值放大器输出端呈高阻抗，有效地防止载波放大器功率泄漏，提高了放大器的输出功率和效率。(1) The present invention can reduce the power leakage at the output end of the carrier amplifier, and improve the output power and efficiency. In the traditional Doherty power amplifier, the output end of the peak amplifier is connected to the combiner through the peak compensation line. The addition of the peak compensation line increases the length of the matching network, and the impedance distribution within the bandwidth is relatively scattered. The more severe it is, the more likely it will cause the power leakage of the carrier amplifier. The invention ensures that the peak compensation line is omitted, and at the same time, the output end of the peak amplifier presents high impedance, effectively prevents the power leakage of the carrier amplifier, and improves the output power and efficiency of the amplifier.
(2)本发明增大了工作带宽。传统的Doherty功率放大器能够很好提高功率回退的效率，但是被限制在窄带宽内(一般小于10％的相对带宽)，不适于宽带宽的应用场合。本发明通过新型的峰值放大器输出匹配网络，在整个带宽范围内输出阻抗呈高阻抗，减少小信号时峰值放大器对载波放大器输出功率的影响，增大了放大器的带宽。(2) The present invention increases the working bandwidth. The traditional Doherty power amplifier can improve the efficiency of power back-off very well, but it is limited to a narrow bandwidth (generally less than 10% of the relative bandwidth), which is not suitable for wide-bandwidth applications. The invention adopts a novel peak amplifier output matching network, and the output impedance in the whole bandwidth range is high impedance, which reduces the influence of the peak amplifier on the output power of the carrier amplifier when the signal is small, and increases the bandwidth of the amplifier.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明的结构框图。Fig. 1 is a structural block diagram of the present invention.
图2为本发明的增益、输出功率与输入功率的关系图。Fig. 2 is a relationship diagram of gain, output power and input power of the present invention.
图3为本发明的效率与输出功率的关系图。Fig. 3 is a graph showing the relationship between efficiency and output power of the present invention.
图中：1功率分配器、2载波放大电路、3载波相位补偿线、4载波IMN(输入匹配网络)、5载波放大器、6载波OMN(输出匹配网络)、7载波补偿线、8峰值放大电路、9峰值相位补偿线、10峰值IMN(输入匹配网络)、11峰值放大器、12峰值OMN(输出匹配网络)、13合路器、1435欧姆λ/4阻抗变换线。In the figure: 1 power divider, 2 carrier amplifier circuit, 3 carrier phase compensation line, 4 carrier IMN (input matching network), 5 carrier amplifier, 6 carrier OMN (output matching network), 7 carrier compensation line, 8 peak amplifier circuit , 9 peak phase compensation line, 10 peak IMN (input matching network), 11 peak amplifier, 12 peak OMN (output matching network), 13 combiner, 1435 ohm λ/4 impedance transformation line.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图，对本发明的技术方案进行详细说明。The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
如图1所示，本发明是一种采用新型峰值输出匹配网络的Doherty功率放大器，包括功率分配器1、载波放大电路2、峰值放大电路8和合路器13；所述载波放大电路2由载波相位补偿线3、载波IMN(输入匹配网络)4、载波放大器5、载波OMN(输出匹配网络)6和载波补偿线7依次串联连接组成；所述峰值放大电路8由峰值相位补偿线9、峰值IMN(输入匹配网络)10、峰值放大器11和峰值OMN(输出匹配网络)12依次串联连接组成；所述合路器13包括特性阻抗为35欧姆λ/4阻抗变换线14，连接到所述载波放大电路2和所述峰值放大电路8的信号输出端，其中，λ是Doherty功率放大器工作频率对应的波长。载波相位补偿线3、峰值相位补偿线线9和载波补偿线7的特性阻抗均为50欧姆。As shown in Figure 1, the present invention is a kind of Doherty power amplifier that adopts novel peak output matching network, comprises power splitter 1, carrier amplifier circuit 2, peak amplifier circuit 8 and combiner 13; Described carrier amplifier circuit 2 is composed of carrier Phase compensation line 3, carrier IMN (input matching network) 4, carrier amplifier 5, carrier OMN (output matching network) 6 and carrier compensation line 7 are sequentially connected in series; IMN (input matching network) 10, peak amplifier 11 and peak OMN (output matching network) 12 are sequentially connected in series to form; the combiner 13 includes a characteristic impedance of 35 ohms λ/4 impedance transformation line 14, connected to the carrier Signal output terminals of the amplifying circuit 2 and the peak amplifying circuit 8, wherein, λ is the wavelength corresponding to the operating frequency of the Doherty power amplifier. The characteristic impedances of the carrier phase compensation line 3 , the peak phase compensation line 9 and the carrier compensation line 7 are all 50 ohms.
在上述的Doherty功率放大器中，所述峰值放大器11偏置在C类，通过仿真峰值放大器11接50欧姆传输线的输出阻抗，调整微带线的长度L，使中心频率的输出阻抗分布在史密斯圆图中的最右端(开路状态)，按照阻抗匹配方法设计的输出匹配网络(OMN)，通过控制总长度为L左右，对峰值OMN(输出匹配网络)12的阻抗进行优化，在带宽内满足各频率对应的基波和各次谐波阻抗，有效减小了峰值补偿线的长度甚至在省略补偿线的情况下，峰值放大电路8的输出阻抗在带宽内仍保持在较高的范围内，提高了整个频带内的输出阻抗，减小载波放大电路2的功率泄漏。In the above-mentioned Doherty power amplifier, the peak amplifier 11 is biased in class C. By simulating the output impedance of the peak amplifier 11 connected to the 50 ohm transmission line, the length L of the microstrip line is adjusted so that the output impedance of the center frequency is distributed in the Smith circle The rightmost end (open circuit state) in the figure is the output matching network (OMN) designed according to the impedance matching method. By controlling the total length to be about L, the impedance of the peak OMN (output matching network) 12 is optimized to meet various requirements within the bandwidth. The fundamental wave and each harmonic impedance corresponding to the frequency effectively reduce the length of the peak compensation line. Even in the case of omitting the compensation line, the output impedance of the peak amplifier circuit 8 remains in a relatively high range within the bandwidth, improving the The output impedance in the entire frequency band is improved, and the power leakage of the carrier amplifier circuit 2 is reduced.
所述载波补偿线7作用为补偿载波放大器5漏极电容和引线电感等寄生参数，并与合路器13共同作用使放大器功率回退时功率达到饱和。所述载波相位补偿线3与峰值相位补偿线9的作用是调整输入至两路的信号相位，使两路信号输出至合路器13的相位同相，保证最大输出功率。The carrier compensation line 7 is used to compensate parasitic parameters such as the drain capacitance and lead inductance of the carrier amplifier 5, and cooperates with the combiner 13 to make the power of the amplifier reach saturation when the power is backed off. The function of the carrier phase compensation line 3 and the peak phase compensation line 9 is to adjust the phases of the signals input to the two channels, so that the phases of the two signals output to the combiner 13 are in phase to ensure the maximum output power.
本发明的工作原理是：通过功率分配器1将信号平均分配给载波放大电路2和峰值放大电路8，载波放大电路2通过载波补偿线7与合路器13中的35欧姆λ/4阻抗变换线14连接，缩短了输出端的传输线的长度，从而降低了输出端的损耗。小信号时，峰值放大器11不工作，通过峰值OMN(输出匹配网络)12省略了补偿线，减小了带宽内阻抗波动，峰值放大电路8输出端呈开路状态，有效减小了载波放大电路2的功率泄漏，提高了功率放大器的输出功率和回退效率。The working principle of the present invention is: the signal is evenly distributed to the carrier amplifier circuit 2 and the peak amplifier circuit 8 by the power distributor 1, and the carrier amplifier circuit 2 transforms the 35 ohm lambda/4 impedance in the combiner 13 through the carrier compensation line 7 The connection of the line 14 shortens the length of the transmission line at the output end, thereby reducing the loss at the output end. When the signal is small, the peak amplifier 11 does not work, and the compensation line is omitted through the peak OMN (output matching network) 12, which reduces the impedance fluctuation in the bandwidth, and the output terminal of the peak amplifier circuit 8 is in an open state, effectively reducing the carrier amplifier circuit 2 The power leakage of the power amplifier improves the output power and back-off efficiency of the power amplifier.
结合本发明方法的Doherty功率放大器工作带宽为2.3-2.8GHz，载波放大电路2和峰值放大电路8的功放管采用CREE的HEMT功放管CGH40010，载波放大器5偏置在AB类，峰值放大器11偏置在C类。The working bandwidth of the Doherty power amplifier combined with the method of the present invention is 2.3-2.8GHz, the power amplifier tube of the carrier amplifier circuit 2 and the peak amplifier circuit 8 adopts the HEMT power amplifier tube CGH40010 of CREE, the carrier amplifier 5 is biased in class AB, and the peak amplifier 11 is biased in class C.
图2是本发明的增益、输出功率与输入功率的关系图，从图中可以看出在相对带宽为20％(2.3-2.8GHz)的范围内饱和输出功率(Output Power)约为44dBm，增益(Gain)波动在2dB以内。图3是本发明的效率与输出功率的关系图，从图中可以看出，饱和输出功率(Output Power)和输出效率(Efficiency)约为43.5-44.4dBm和66-71％，当功率回退9dBm时，Doherty功率放大器的平均效率为42％，带宽内的效率差异在10％以内，实现了较宽的工作带宽和大功率回退时的高回退效率。Fig. 2 is the relation diagram of gain, output power and input power of the present invention, as can be seen from the figure, in the scope of relative bandwidth 20% (2.3-2.8GHz), saturated output power (Output Power) is about 44dBm, gain (Gain) fluctuation is within 2dB. Fig. 3 is the relation diagram of efficiency and output power of the present invention, can find out from the figure, saturated output power (Output Power) and output efficiency (Efficiency) are about 43.5-44.4dBm and 66-71%, when power backs off At 9dBm, the average efficiency of the Doherty power amplifier is 42%, and the efficiency difference within the bandwidth is within 10%, which realizes a wide working bandwidth and high back-off efficiency at high-power back-off.
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US10608594B2 (en) * | 2016-05-18 | 2020-03-31 | Mitsubishi Electric Corporation | Doherty amplifier |
| CN108023554B (en) * | 2016-11-04 | 2023-04-18 | 恩智浦美国有限公司 | Amplifier arrangement with back-off power optimization |
| CN108206674B (en) * | 2016-12-19 | 2021-10-29 | 中国科学院苏州纳米技术与纳米仿生研究所 | Doherty Amplifier with Defective Ground Structure |
| CN107222173B (en) * | 2017-05-12 | 2020-06-19 | 清华大学 | Millimeter wave dual-frequency Doherty power amplifier based on single frequency line |
| NL2022750B1 (en) * | 2019-03-15 | 2020-09-22 | Ampleon Netherlands Bv | Amplifying device and amplifying system comprising the same |
| CN111181509B (en) * | 2020-03-12 | 2023-04-18 | 安科讯(福建)科技有限公司 | 5G NR radio frequency power amplifier |
| CN114172469A (en) * | 2021-12-02 | 2022-03-11 | 杭州电子科技大学 | Load modulation balance power amplifier and self-matching implementation method |
| CN115577665A (en) * | 2022-10-21 | 2023-01-06 | 深圳飞骧科技股份有限公司 | Method for determining Doherty architecture main power amplifier compensation line electrical length |
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| CN104993796A (en) | 2015-10-21 |
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