CN104990800B - Test the devices and methods therefor of Selid propping agent support effect in hydrofrac fluid - Google Patents
Test the devices and methods therefor of Selid propping agent support effect in hydrofrac fluid Download PDFInfo
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- CN104990800B CN104990800B CN201510459937.XA CN201510459937A CN104990800B CN 104990800 B CN104990800 B CN 104990800B CN 201510459937 A CN201510459937 A CN 201510459937A CN 104990800 B CN104990800 B CN 104990800B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of devices and methods therefor for testing Selid propping agent support effect in hydrofrac fluid, including sample groove seat, X-ray detection machine, high pressure water-injection pump and pressure testing machine, for the aqueous fracturing fluid Selid propping agent measure of merit problem used in shale gas exploitation hydraulic fracturing technology, X ray scannings are used first, medical science radiography, hydraulic fracturing and mechanical test complex art means, especially using medical science shadowgraph technique to the radiography of Selid propping agent as innovation, by tracking and observing flow regime of the Selid propping agent in shale core crack and the core after the backflow of mini-frac liquid to X ray absorptions, assess Selid propping agent support effect, this method is to propose first, science is reliable, the experimental data of acquisition is accurate, existing other technologies can not be substituted.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to rock mechanics, material engineering, development of resources new technical field, particularly a kind of test hydraulic fracturing
The devices and methods therefor of Selid propping agent support effect in liquid, it is mainly used in shale gas exploitation hydrofrac fluid measure of merit.
Background technology
Horizontal well in segments multi-stage water power fracturing technique is one of shale gas exploitation core technology.Waterpower is carried out to shale gas reservoir
Pressure break is with the pump pressure higher than formation fracture pressure, by horizontal well and using multistage fracturing, refracturing by aqueous fracturing fluid
Etc. technique by sequence injection rammell.Aqueous fracturing fluid is that a small amount of drag reducer, stabilizer, surfactant are added in clear water
Deng additive, the aqueous fracturing fluid positive effect after addition proppant is better than effect when being not added with proppant, and proppant can allow
Crack is still kept it turned on after fracturing fluid return, so as to obtain the shale gas exploitation of higher efficiency, aqueous fracturing fluid cost
Low, formation damage is small, is that current shale gas develops most important fracturing technique.
The main component of contained Selid propping agent is silica (such as haydite, quartz sand) in aqueous fracturing fluid, for
The preferred type of Selid propping agent, people generally choose the sandrock mines of high quality sand as materials source.Correlative study into
In fruit, the sandstone (being referred to as St.Peter sandstone) that Ding Ziwei (2010) exploits to the Pattison sandstone ore deposit of U.S. Iowa enters
Row research, it is believed that its granular size and shape are uniform, can be as the important sources of Selid propping agent.By dividing from amechanical angle
Analysis, St.Peter sandstone have very unique mechanical property:Extremely low cohesive force (almost nil), great internal friction angle
(reaching as high as 69 °, 57 °~63 ° of average out to), extremely low porosity, high broken swollen property；Season sunlight (2014) is respected to horizontal well pressure
During discharge opeing is studied with proppant backflow control afterwards, by API proppant flow conductivity test experiments instrument, to different Selid propping agents
Flow conductivity and the situation of shaking out tested, these researchs concentrate on test to Selid propping agent mechanical properties of rock.And
Possesses the work whether sandstone of special mechanical property can play support and conducting to the rammell crack after hydraulic fracturing closure
With, it is also necessary to the further inspection of production practices.
The shortcomings that prior art, is as follows：
1. poor reliability, the computational methods of support percentage of damage (η) are real for pure pressure departing from prime stratum environment
Test.A kind of resistant to breakage aptitude tests method of resin coated propping agent as disclosed in Chinese Patent Application No. 201210496497.1
Proposed method is by sieved through sieve pressure rear support agent quality (m2) and initial quality (m3) ratio, calculate proppant and break
Broken rate (η), this method poor reliability, and whether Selid propping agent disclosure satisfy that intensity requirement in actual hydraulic fracturing job,
This still needs to practice test；
2. accuracy is low, test result error is big, by injecting fracturing fluid to experimental provision inside proppant pack, surveys
Corresponding proppant pack thickness and proppant backflow critical flow under examination and record closure stress, assess the support of proppant
Effect.
The content of the invention
Solid in a kind of test hydrofrac fluid is provided the invention aims to solve the deficiency of prior art problem
The devices and methods therefor of proppant support effect.
To reach above-mentioned purpose, the present invention is implemented according to following technical scheme：
The device of Selid propping agent support effect in a kind of test hydrofrac fluid, including mechanics device, sample can be loaded
Groove seat and X-ray detection machine, are provided with core in the sample groove seat, and core is drilled with central small hole, insertion capillary in central small hole
Copper pipe, the end of the capillary brass pipe connect high pressure water-injection pump and tank, the water base pressure of hybrid solid proppant are filled in tank
Split liquid, it is described load mechanics device include taking over a business, support, spoke pressure sensor, digital display meter, the meter of chassis and connecting rod composition
Calculation machine, jack, load plate, stress are uniformly cut or polish jade with an emery wheel, oil pressure pump and flowmeter, load plate are arranged on connecting rod and can moved down along on connecting rod
Dynamic, spoke pressure sensor is arranged at lower surface, and spoke pressure sensor connection digital display meter and computer, sample groove seat are set
It is placed between spoke sensor and load plate, uniformly stone roller is arranged on load plate lower surface to stress, and the bottom of jack is fixed on chassis,
The top of jack is uniformly cut or polish jade with an emery wheel with stress to be connected, and the jack is connected with oil pressure pump, and stream is provided between oil pressure pump and jack
Gauge；The X-ray detection machine is by metallic target, X-ray tube, X-ray dosimeter device A, X-ray dosimeter device B, receiver, super-pressure
Transformer, controller and computer composition, X-ray dosimeter device A and X-ray dosimeter device B are oppositely arranged and test X ray pair respectively
The incident dose and exit dose of core, sample groove seat are arranged between X-ray dosimeter device A and X-ray dosimeter device B, X ray agent
Amount instrument A is arranged at X-ray tube front end, X ray pipe end connection metallic target, metallic target connection EHV transformer, superelevation buckling
Depressor is sequentially connected controller and computer, and receiver is arranged at the X-ray dosimeter device B back side and passes through cable with X-ray tube
Connection.
As the preferred scheme of the present invention, the sample groove seat is made up of groove seat under groove seat on sample and sample, on sample
Groove seat lower end is provided with groove, and groove seat upper end is inserted in groove under sample, and the recess edge of groove seat is provided with rubber blanket on the sample
Piece, the core are arranged in the groove on sample under groove seat and sample between groove seat.
As the preferred scheme of the present invention, speed-regulating switch is additionally provided with the jack.
As the preferred scheme of the present invention, the sample groove seat is made up of tempered glass materials.
As the preferred scheme of the present invention, a diameter of 5mm of the central small hole of the core, depth 170mm.
With the method for Selid propping agent support effect in above-mentioned device to test hydrofrac fluid, comprise the following steps：
1) diameter of phi=100mm is chosen from core storehouse, height H=200mm cores are as test material；
2) it is the central small hole that 5mm depth Hs are 170mm that Φ is applied to core drilling；
3) core is placed in sample groove seat and high pressure water-injection pump is connected by capillary brass pipe；
4) immersion of Selid propping agent contrast solution is mixed into the aqueous fracturing fluid in tank later；
5) start pressure testing machine and be loaded onto fixation pressure, start oil pressure pump regulation oil pressure flow velocity to control jack pair to try
The loading of sample groove seat inner cores；
6) X-ray detection machine observation proppant flow regime in drilling core fractures is started；
7) core of injection fixed amount fracturing fluid is tested and records to x-ray dose uptake；
8) start the core in oil pressure pump control jack pair sample groove seat to be extruded so as to control fracturing fluid backflow simultaneously
Record capacity of returns；
9) Selid propping agent is started in X-ray detection machine observation closing of fracture fracturing fluid reflux course in drilling core fractures
State；
10) core after fracturing fluid backflow is tested and records to x-ray dose uptake.
Compared with prior art, the present invention is directed to the aqueous fracturing fluid solid used in shale gas exploitation hydraulic fracturing technology
Proppant measure of merit problem, scanned first using X-ray, medical science radiography, hydraulic fracturing and mechanical test complex art hand
Section, especially using medical science shadowgraph technique to the radiography of Selid propping agent to innovate, by tracking and observing Selid propping agent in shale
The core after flow regime and the backflow of mini-frac liquid in drilling core fractures assesses Selid propping agent support to X-ray uptake
Effect, this method are to propose first, and science is reliable, and the experimental data of acquisition is accurate, and existing other technologies can not be substituted.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the structural representation for loading mechanics device of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the sectional view of sample groove seat；
Fig. 4 is the flow chart of the present invention.
Embodiment
With reference to specific embodiment, the invention will be further described, the illustrative examples and explanation invented herein
For explaining the present invention, but it is not as a limitation of the invention.
The device of Selid propping agent support effect in a kind of test hydrofrac fluid as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, including can add
Mechanics device, sample groove seat and X-ray detection machine are carried, is provided with core 10 in the sample groove seat, core 10 is drilled with central small hole
11, the interior insertion capillary brass pipe 12 of central small hole 11, the end connection high pressure water-injection pump 13 and tank 28 of capillary brass pipe 12, tank 28
In fill the aqueous fracturing fluid of hybrid solid proppant, can load that mechanics device includes taking over a business 22, chassis 23 and connecting rod 24 forms
Support, spoke pressure sensor 14, digital display meter 15, computer 8, jack 18, load plate 25, stress uniformly cut or polish jade with an emery wheel 17, oil pressure pump
21 and flowmeter 20, load plate 25 be arranged on connecting rod 24 and can be moved up and down along connecting rod 24, spoke pressure sensor 14 is set
In taking over a business 22 lower surfaces, spoke pressure sensor 14 connects digital display meter 15 and computer 8, sample groove seat are arranged at spoke sensor
Between 14 and load plate 25, stress uniformly cuts or polish jade with an emery wheel 17 and is arranged on the lower surface of load plate 25, and the bottom of jack 18 is fixed on chassis 23, and thousand
Uniformly stone roller 17 is connected with stress on the top on jin top 18, and the jack 18 is connected with oil pressure pump 21, oil pressure pump 21 and jack 18
Between be provided with flowmeter 20；X-ray detection machine by metallic target 1, X-ray tube 2, X-ray dosimeter device A3, X-ray dosimeter device B4, connect
Receive device 5, EHV transformer 6, controller 7 and computer 8 to form, X-ray dosimeter device A3 is oppositely arranged with X-ray dosimeter device B4
And incident dose and exit dose of the X ray to core 10 are tested respectively, sample groove seat is arranged at X-ray dosimeter device A3 and X and penetrated
Between line dosage instrument B4, X-ray dosimeter device A3 is arranged at the front end of X-ray tube 2, the end of X-ray tube 2 connection metallic target 1, metallic target
1 connection EHV transformer 6, EHV transformer 6 are sequentially connected controller 7 and computer 8, and receiver 5 is arranged at X ray agent
Measure the instrument B4 back side and pass through cable connection with X-ray tube 2.
Specifically, as shown in figure 3, sample groove seat is made up of groove seat 9 under groove seat on sample 16 and sample, groove seat 16 on sample
Lower end is provided with groove 27, and the upper end of groove seat 9 is inserted in groove 27 under sample, and the edge of groove 27 of groove seat 16 is provided with rubber blanket on sample
Piece 26, core 10 are arranged in the groove 27 on sample under groove seat 16 and sample between groove seat 9.
Further, in order to control the governing speed of jack 18, speed-regulating switch 19 is additionally provided with jack 18.
As a preferred embodiment, sample groove seat is made up of tempered glass materials, it is used as and is added from safety glass
The raw material of work sample groove seat, this is avoided because of design in the past from metal materials such as steel to X-ray uptake too Gao Erying
Ring image effect.
As a preferred embodiment, in order that test better accurate, the diameter of the central small hole of core 10
For 5mm, depth 170mm.
As shown in figure 4, with the method for Selid propping agent support effect in above-mentioned device to test hydrofrac fluid, including it is following
Step：
1) diameter of phi=100mm is chosen from core storehouse, height H=200mm cores are as test material；
2) it is the central small hole that 5mm depth Hs are 170mm that Φ is applied to core drilling；
3) core is placed in sample groove seat and high pressure water-injection pump is connected by capillary brass pipe；
4) immersion of Selid propping agent contrast solution is mixed into the aqueous fracturing fluid in tank later；
5) start pressure testing machine and be loaded onto fixation pressure, start oil pressure pump regulation oil pressure flow velocity to control jack pair to try
The loading of sample groove seat inner cores；
6) X-ray detection machine observation proppant flow regime in drilling core fractures is started；
7) core of injection fixed amount fracturing fluid is tested and records to x-ray dose uptake；
8) start the core in oil pressure pump control jack pair sample groove seat to be extruded so as to control fracturing fluid backflow simultaneously
Record capacity of returns；
9) Selid propping agent is started in X-ray detection machine observation closing of fracture fracturing fluid reflux course in drilling core fractures
State；
10) core after fracturing fluid backflow is tested and records to x-ray dose uptake.
The present invention by X-ray by scanning, medical science radiography, hydraulic fracturing and mechanical test complex art means, pass through
Rammell core hydraulic fracturing experiments are designed, mainly solve the problems, such as following three aspect：
1. obtain hydraulic fracturing Crack Extension and Selid propping agent fractions distribution image inside core；
Selid propping agent such as haydite, sand grains have high porosity characteristic, therefore fluid-absorbing contrast agent cardiografin, leaching
It is in high definition transom point under X-ray scan-image to steep the Selid propping agent after contrast solution.Therefore water-filling is entered to rammell core
Force and split, the proppant fracturing fluid after injection immersion contrast agent, core internal water can be obtained by X-ray scanning technique and forced
Split Crack Extension and Selid propping agent fractions distribution image；
2. the proppant resistant to breakage aptitude tests under the conditions of realizing accurate simulation primary stress field；
Rammell primary stress field size is calculated, confined pressure loading is carried out to rammell core, passes through spoke pressure sensor
With hydraulic jack controlled loading power, after core internal fissure closure flows back with fracturing fluid, pass through X-ray and scan acquisition pressure
Transom point image inside the core after liquid backflow is split, by calculating transom point imagery coverage, Selid propping agent resistant to breakage can be evaluated
Ability.
3. obtain the medical image index amount of Selid propping agent support lock sand effect.
Hydraulic fracturing fracturing fluid Selid propping agent support effect usually relies on the indexs such as fracturing fluid capacity of returns, sand production rate to comment
Valency.Soaked that the Selid propping agent of contrast solution (cardiografin) is higher to X-ray absorptivity, and this special train is by calculating fracturing fluid
Core assesses proppant lock sand effect to the uptake (Δ Gray) of X-ray before and after backflow.
Technical scheme is not limited to the limitation of above-mentioned specific embodiment, and every technique according to the invention scheme is done
The technology deformation gone out, each falls within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
- A kind of 1. method for testing Selid propping agent support effect in hydrofrac fluid, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：1) diameter of phi=100mm is chosen from core storehouse, height H=200mm cores are as test material；2) it is the central small hole that 5mm depth Hs are 170mm that Φ is applied to core drilling；3) core is placed in sample groove seat and high pressure water-injection pump is connected by capillary brass pipe；4) immersion of Selid propping agent contrast solution is mixed into the aqueous fracturing fluid in tank later；5) start pressure testing machine and be loaded onto fixation pressure, start oil pressure pump regulation oil pressure flow velocity to control jack pair sample groove The loading of seat inner cores；6) X-ray detection machine observation proppant flow regime in drilling core fractures is started；7) core of injection fixed amount fracturing fluid is tested and records to x-ray dose uptake；8) core started in oil pressure pump control jack pair sample groove seat is extruded so as to control fracturing fluid to flow back and record Capacity of returns；9) shape of the Selid propping agent in drilling core fractures in X-ray detection machine observation closing of fracture fracturing fluid reflux course is started State；10) core after fracturing fluid backflow is tested and records to x-ray dose uptake.
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| CN111505204B (en) * | 2019-01-31 | 2022-11-01 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Determination method for anti-crushing capacity of proppant, proppant crushing device and system |
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| CN110439535B (en) * | 2019-09-04 | 2024-05-14 | 西南石油大学 | Tectorial membrane proppant sand control capability testing arrangement |
| CN113295537B (en) * | 2021-05-25 | 2022-07-22 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | Test method for unconventional reservoir fracturing fracture seepage capability evaluation |
| CN113216924B (en) * | 2021-06-22 | 2023-04-28 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Method for measuring proppant breakage rate |
| CN118168624B (en) * | 2024-05-14 | 2024-08-02 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Method, device, medium and product for determining optimal daily liquid yield of fracturing oil-gas well |
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