CN104986863A - Rural domestic sewage manual wetland system and purification method - Google Patents
Rural domestic sewage manual wetland system and purification method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104986863A CN104986863A CN201510390125.4A CN201510390125A CN104986863A CN 104986863 A CN104986863 A CN 104986863A CN 201510390125 A CN201510390125 A CN 201510390125A CN 104986863 A CN104986863 A CN 104986863A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
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Abstract
The invention provides a rural domestic sewage manual wetland system and a purification method. The system comprises at least one wetland bed formed with red bricks and straw as filler. The grain sizes of the filler gradually decrease from bottom to top. According to the method, domestic sewage is purified through the wetland beds formed with the red bricks and the straw as the filler. The grain sizes of the filler gradually decrease from bottom to top. Domestic swage is distributed on the upper portions of the wetland beds, and purified water is obtained at the bottoms of the wetland beds. By means of the system and the method, rural domestic sewage can be purified, rural abandoned straw and construction waste are adopted as wetland matrix, the price is low, but the sewage purification effect is good.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of sewage disposal technology, particularly a kind of artificial wet land system for rural domestic sewage treatment and purifying method.
Background technology
Water resources is more in short supply in our country, and water resources is only world occupancy volume per person's 1/4 per capita.According to China Environmental State Bulletin display, domestic water environmental pollution is relatively more serious, and particularly river basin is polluted.Along with the raising of quality of life, the major portion having accounted for gross contamination is polluted in life source, and presents the trend increased year by year.People in the countryside occupy very large proportion in China, and current China people in the countryside are lived and compared dispersion, and the size of population is more, and almost without any Domestic sewage collecting and treatment measures, domestic sewage in rural areas almost directly discharges, and causes the severe contamination of water body.Annual China domestic sewage in rural areas generation more than 80 hundred million tons according to statistics.The most of life in the countryside levels of China backwardness relatively, the sewage treatment process being applicable to process domestic sewage in rural areas is few, and finding and research and develop the technique being applicable to rural area dispersion life process is the most important thing processing life in the countryside at present.
Except sanitary sewage, the life in the countryside waste generations such as current farm building disposed waste and field straw are large and tupe is backward, also stack directly to abandon, arbitrarily, almost account for 80% of generation.According to the annual generation of statistics whole nation building waste up to 400,000,000 tons; Within 2005, the total generation of national stalk reaches 84183.12 ten thousand tons.The improper process of waste, not only impact the look of a village village looks in rural area, and mainly pollute air, soil and water, serious threat is to the physical and mental health of resident.How by life in the countryside waste, as domestic sewage in rural areas, discarded building waste, field straw carry out the important content that harmless treatment recycling is current new countryside construction and beautiful rural construction.
Treatment technology at present for sanitary sewage has a lot, mainly comprises traditional activated sludge process, A/O method, oxidation ditch process etc.But according to China rural area, inhabitants live's distribution and economic condition, the artificial swamp treatment process more traditional than other has more advantage.Artificial swamp has that investment is low, operation and management expense is low, to the water yield and the feature such as change of water quality is adaptable, it is similar with natural bioremediation, makes full use of matrix-microorganism and the realization of plant complex ecosystem to dirty water purification.
Artificial swamp has multiple, how to play sewage disposal effect of artificial swamp, reaches processing requirements, selects Wetland Type, and in the design of artificial swamp, matrix, plant and water are the principal elements of design.But select matrix and plant at present, and determine that the system of water flow mode is perfect not enough.Wetland Design research for process China distributing rural domestic sewage treatment is also in starting-up process.
Artificial swamp is the ground similar with swampland by artificial construction and controlling run, sewage, mud there is the dosing of control on the artificial wetland built, sewage and mud are in the process flowed in a certain direction, mainly utilize soil, matrix, plant, the physics of microorganism, chemistry, biological triple synergy, to a kind of technology that sewage, mud process.Its mechanism of action comprises absorption, delay, filtration, redox, precipitation, microbial decomposition, conversion, plant are covered, the effect of residue accumulated, water transpiration and nutrition absorption and all kinds of animal.
Artificial swamp has the clear superiorities such as less investment, running cost is low compared with traditional wastewater treatment plant, and in Rural areas, because the density of population is relatively little, artificial swamp is compared with traditional sewage work, and general investment can save 1/3-1/2.In treating processes, artificial swamp adopts the mode of flow by gravity substantially, basic Non-energy-consumption in treating processes, and working cost is low, in the Rural areas that the density of population is lower, builds artificial swamp than traditional wastewater treatment plant more economically.
The artificial swamp that China's application is used for country sewage is few, and Wetland Substrate or the price of current bibliographical information are more expensive, such as gac, gravel, quartz sand etc., or the effect of purifying waste water is not fine, and such as river sand etc. are all not fully up to expectations.Thus how to select matrix, make it be applicable to domestic sewage in rural areas purification, not only cheap, and good wastewater purifying efficiency can also be realized, be one of industry technical problem urgently to be resolved hurrily.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of domestic sewage in rural areas artificial wet land system and purifying method, it can purify domestic sewage in rural areas.
Domestic sewage in rural areas artificial wet land system of the present invention, comprises at least one wetland bed, and described wetland bed employing common brick and stalk are formed as weighting material filling, and wherein, from bottom to top, the particle diameter of weighting material diminishes gradually.
Wherein, describedly wetland bedly to comprise from bottom to top:
One supporting layer, thickness is 5cm, and the clay common brick being 3-5cm by particle diameter is filled and formed;
One second layer, thickness is 5cm, and the clay common brick being 1-3cm by particle diameter is filled and formed;
One third layer, thickness is 70cm, and the clay common brick being 0.5-1cm by particle diameter is filled and formed;
One upper strata, thickness is 20cm, and filled by the mixture of clay common brick and stalk and form, particle diameter is all less than 0.5cm, clay common brick: the weight ratio of stalk is 10:1.
Wherein, described artificial wet land system, can comprise plural wetland bed, and each wetland bed walking abreast is arranged in described artificial wet land system.
Wherein, described wetland bed above water distributor is set, sewage be transported to described wetland bed top and discharge; Header tank is connected, for collecting purifying waste water after wetland bed purification in described wetland bed downstream.
Wherein, described water distributor can be arranged on 20cm place, wetland bed top, and water distributor is provided with Valve controlling water flow switch, and water distributor has some branches, and each branch is provided with opening-closing valve to regulate separately each branch water distribution uninterrupted and switch; Described wetland bed, be arranged in a casing, described wetland bed box house can be provided with liquidometer, and the liquid level in wetland bed casing is apart from wetland bed bottom 40cm-85cm.
Wherein, described header tank and wetland bed wall be close tos by wall and arrange, or an employing casing is divided into wetland bed and header tank, and the sidewall bottom of header tank, wetland bed next-door neighbour is provided with several holes, connected set water tank, wetland bed.
Wherein, drain box is set in described header tank downstream, for collecting the sewage discharged after artificial wet land system.
Wherein, described water distributor upstream connects distribution reservoir, is provided with pre-treatment filtration unit in described distribution reservoir.
Described pre-treatment filtration unit can adopt stainless steel filtering net film, can arrange baffle plate bottom screen membrane to distribution reservoir, and described distribution reservoir separates by described screen membrane and baffle plate; Arrange submersible pump in distribution reservoir, submersible pump downstream connecting fluid flowmeter body, under meter downstream connects water distributor.
Wherein, the hydraulic surface loading of described artificial wet land system is 0.2-0.8m
3/ (m
2.d), the water distribution-dry cycle that falls is 7 days, and the wet dry time is than being 3:4.
Wherein, described wetland bed on plant wetland plant, described wetland plant adopts cold-resistant, easily growth, plant that anti-pollution characteristic is high.
Domestic sewage in rural areas purifying method of the present invention, with wetland bed, sanitary sewage is purified, wherein, described wetland bed employing common brick and stalk are formed as weighting material filling, the particle diameter of weighting material diminishes gradually from bottom to top, above wetland bed, lay sanitary sewage, obtain in wetland bed bottom and purify waste water.
Wherein, sanitary sewage cloth be put into wetland bed before carry out filtering and water distribution, and after be transported to wetland bed top through water distributor and lay; At sanitary sewage after wetland bed purification, make to purify waste water from wetland bed bottom percolation to being close in wetland bed header tank.
The present invention has the following advantages and positive effect:
The matrix that artificial wet land system of the present invention adopts is mainly discarded stalk or the building waste in rural area, not only can purify waste water, also countryside wastes can be turned waste into wealth.In addition in the present invention, the waterplant being grown on this matrix can be aquatic vegetable, such as Wildcelery Herb, and mater convolvulus etc., not only can play cleaning action to sewage, and can produce economic worth to peasant.
The present invention effectively can process domestic sewage in rural areas, and particularly for small-sized household domestic sewage in rural areas, technique is simple, and it is convenient to build, and is suitable for rural area dispersed wastewater process, can carries out treatment in situ, also have environmental ecological benefit to domestic sewage in rural areas.
Make full use of rural area and discard common brick, waste straw is Wetland Substrate, by the purification of system to domestic sewage in rural areas, not only by purifying domestic sewage, and countryside wastes is carried out recycling, become Artificial Soil (refer to that the matrix of top 80-100cm will become Artificial Soil, effectively solve innoxious, the minimizing Treatment and recovery Utilizing question of solid waste from village), reach waste and carry out waste recycling, the object turned waste into wealth.
Relative to existing artificial swamp, Wetland Substrate of the present invention adopts discarded stalk or the building waste in rural area, cheap, but wastewater purifying efficiency is good.
Beneficial effect of the present invention can be confirmed from following embody rule example:
Embody rule example one:
Jixian Tianjin rural domestic waste, CODcr 150.1mg/L, NH in sewage
3?N 20.9mg/L, TN35.8mg/L, TP 1.9mg/L, through process of the present invention, hydraulic load is 0.2m
3/ (m
2.d), water outlet CODcr is less than 50mg/L, NH
3?N be less than 3mg/L, TN is less than 15mg/L, and TP is less than 0.5mg/L.System cloud gray model 2 months is stablized, plant grew well, stable effluent quality, system water outlet reaches " urban wastewater treatment firm sewage drainage standard (GB18918 ?2002) " one-level B.
Specific examples two:
West, Tianjin certain rural domestic waste blue or green (containing dispersion breeding wastewater), CODcr 398.6mg/L, NH in sewage
3?N 68.7mg/L, TN 88.6mg/L, TP 9.5mg/L, through process of the present invention, hydraulic load is 0.2m
3/ (m
2.d), water outlet CODcr is less than 50mg/L, NH
3?N be less than 3mg/L, TN is less than 15mg/L, and TP is less than 0.5mg/L.System cloud gray model 2 months is stablized, plant grew well, stable effluent quality, system water outlet reaches " urban wastewater treatment firm sewage drainage standard (GB18918 ?2002) " one-level B.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of vertical flow constructed wetland device of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of artificial wet land system of the present invention.
Embodiment
Of the present inventionly discard with rural area the domestic sewage in rural areas artificial wet land system that common brick-stalk is matrix, comprise at least one vertical flow constructed wetland device, this device can realize sewage purification, forms one way of life effluent treatment plant.When comprising plural vertical flow constructed wetland device, the parallel setting of each device can be made in systems in which.As shown in Figure 1, described vertical flow constructed wetland device comprises a casing, in this casing, from the bottom up, comprise supporting layer 1, the second layer 2, third layer 3 and upper strata 4, described each layer adopts the farm building of different-grain diameter size to discard common brick and rural area waste straw is loaded.Wherein, from bottom to top, the particle diameter of weighting material diminishes gradually.
Each layer of order laying from below to up, an embodiment of its paving mode is as follows:
Described supporting layer 1, thickness is 5cm, is that clay common brick between 3-5cm is filled and formed by particle diameter;
The described second layer 2, thickness is 5cm, is that clay common brick between 1-3cm is filled and formed by particle diameter;
Described third layer 3, thickness is 70cm, is that clay common brick between 0.5-1cm is filled and formed by particle diameter;
Described upper strata 4, thickness is 20cm, and filled by the mixture of clay common brick and stalk and form, particle diameter is all less than 0.5cm, clay common brick: the weight ratio of stalk is 10:1.
Described vertical flow constructed wetland device can plant wetland plant 5, cold-resistant, the easy growth of described wetland plant 5 employing, the plant that anti-pollution characteristic is high, as Wildcelery Herb, mater convolvulus, iris, calamus, Scirpus tabernaemontani etc., the planting density of described wetland plant 5 is 15-30 strain/m
2.
As shown in Figure 2, of the present inventionly discard with rural area the domestic sewage in rural areas artificial wet land system that common brick-stalk is matrix, according to the flow direction (with arrows in figure) of water, comprise the distribution reservoir 10 of connecting successively, wetland bed 20, header tank 30 and drain box 40.As an embodiment, distribution reservoir 10 size is 1.5m × 1m × 1m (long × wide × high), wetland case 20 size is 2m × 1m × 1.2m, and header tank 30 size is 0.2m × 1m × 1.2m, and drain box 40 size is 1.5m × 1m × 1m.
Described distribution reservoir 10, not only for the treatment of the allotment of domestic sewage in rural areas, and wherein leading portion is furnished with the pre-treatment filtration unit 101 of life in the countryside raw waste water, can filter sewage.This filtration unit 101 adopts stainless steel filtering net film 103 to be separated by distribution reservoir 10, is filtered by sewage by screen membrane.Screen membrane porosity is 30 orders, and screen membrane distance from bottom bottom half height is 40cm.It is baffle plate 102 bottom screen membrane.The object of setting like this is: screen membrane can filter sewage, is filtered by larger suspended particulate; The baffle plate 102 of bottom to act as larger particles suspended substance or sludge settling in a rear flank of baffle plate 102, conveniently can concentrate cleaning and not affect the water distribution of baffle plate 102 opposite side.
Described wetland bed 20 adopt the vertical flow constructed wetland device of Fig. 1 to form, for purifying waste water.Described wetland bed 20, water distributor 503 is set above it, preferably at the 20cm place, surface, upper strata 4 apart from wetland bed 20, water distributor 503 is set, described water distributor 503, the sewage taking from described distribution reservoir 10 is transported to the described top of wetland bed 20 and is discharged into wetland bed 20 upper stratas 4.Described wetland bed 20, its box house is provided with liquidometer, preferred three-hand type liquidometer 504, and described liquidometer can control the liquid level in wetland bed 20 casings, and liquid level preferably controls 40cm-85cm place bottom apart from wetland bed 20.
Header tank 30 is connected to wetland bed 20 downstreams, for collecting purifying waste water after wetland bed 20 purifications.The connection of header tank 30 and wetland bed 20, pipeline or alternate manner can be adopted, preferably in the following way: header tank 30 and wetland bed 20 walls are close to by wall and arrange, or a casing can be adopted to be divided into wetland bed 20 and header tank 30, the sidewall bottom of header tank 30, wetland bed 20 casing next-door neighbours is provided with several holes, as 4 holes, two tanks is communicated with, water can infiltrate in header tank 30 from wetland bed 20 casings via described hole.
Drain box 40 is arranged on header tank 30 downstream, adopts pipeline to be connected, and pipeline is provided with opening-closing valve with header tank 30, so that control discharge.Drain box 40 is parts of artificial wet land system, be mainly used in collect all through artificial wet land system purification after discharge purify waste water; In process of experimental, Main Function is read the volume of displacement of sewage after artificial swamp and the water concentration after measuring purification.
Artificial wet land system of the present invention comprises water distribution system, comprises submersible pump 501, under meter 502 and water distributor 503.Submersible pump 501 (model QDX3-20-0.55) is positioned in distribution reservoir 10.Submersible pump 501 downstream connecting fluid flowmeter body 502 (range ability 10L/h-80L/h).It is outside that liquid meter 502 is preferably arranged on distribution reservoir 10 casing.Adopt submersible pump 501 and under meter 502 co-controlling flooding time and uninterrupted.Under meter 502 downstream connects water distributor 503, preferred porous water distributor 503, discharges above water transport is delivered to wetland bed 20.Water distributor 503 has some branches, as four branches, is provided with opening-closing valve, can regulate separately each branch cloth discharge and size.Preferably, the long 2m of each water distributor 503 branch, pipe is provided with some apertures that diameter is 2mm, and each pitch of holes is 50mm.The surface, upper strata 4 that water distributor 503 is arranged on apart from wetland bed 20 is about 20cm place.
Convenient in order to test sampling, preferably, on the casing of wetland bed 20, from bottom to top arrange thief hole 505 every 20cm, rational height is respectively 20cm, 40cm, 60cm, 80cm, 100cm.Thief hole 505 place is provided with pipeline, and pipeline, to box house horizontal-extending 0.5m, arranges ommatidium above the pipeline of described extension, so that water enters in the middle of pipeline.Pipeline top seals.
In order to control current better, as controlled water distribution time, layout, further preferred disposition is as follows.The connecting tube of distribution reservoir 10 to wetland bed 20 is provided with valve 601 and controls water flow switch, four water distributors 503 are respectively equipped with branch's flow velocity size, start and stop etc. that four valves 602 control water distribution pipe, the draining of header tank 30 can control to flow into drain box 40 through valve 603.Each casing is equipped with sewage, mud discharging pipeline and all have Valve controlling: the discharge before treatment of distribution reservoir 10 pre-treatment filtration unit 101 is controlled by valve 605; Discharge after the process of distribution reservoir 10 pre-treatment filtration unit 101 is controlled by valve 606; Discharge that is wetland bed 20, header tank 30 is controlled by valve 607, valve 608 respectively; The discharge of drain box 40 is controlled by valve 609 or valve 604.
Preferably, the hydraulic surface loading (the sewage volume number passed through in every per square meter of surface area unit time) of described artificial wet land system is 0.2-0.8m
3/ (m
2.d), the water distribution-dry cycle that falls is 7 days, and the wet dry time is than being 3:4.The hydraulic surface loading of described artificial wet land system can be controlled by liquid meter 502, submersible pump 501 and electronic box; The water distribution time and fall the dry time can Artificial Control.
Adopt system of the present invention to carry out sewage disposal, its flow process is as follows.In conjunction with consulting Fig. 2, arrow wherein shows water (flow) direction.Described pre-treatment filtration unit 101 pairs of sewage are utilized to filter, in described distribution reservoir 10, domestic sewage in rural areas is allocated (water quality requirement or processing parameter requirement is as required carried out from the aspect such as hydraulic load, pollution load into water allotment).Sewage after allotment extracts by described submersible pump 501, after under meter 502, is transported to water distributor 503.Sewage outputs to above in the of wetland bed 20 by described water distributor 503.Sewage under gravity, from top to bottom purifies through each layer of wetland bed 20 successively.The hole of the sidewall bottom be close to from wetland bed 20 casings and header tank 30 of purifying waste water after purification infiltrates in header tank 30.Purifying waste water in header tank 30 stores to drain box 40 through Cemented filling.
Above-described embodiment, just the present invention's more preferably embodiment, the usual change that those skilled in the art carries out within the scope of technical solution of the present invention and replacement all should be included in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (13)
1. a domestic sewage in rural areas artificial wet land system, is characterized in that, comprises at least one wetland bed, and described wetland bed employing common brick and stalk are formed as weighting material filling, and wherein, from bottom to top, the particle diameter of weighting material diminishes gradually.
2. artificial wet land system as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, describedly wetland bedly to comprise from bottom to top:
One supporting layer, thickness is 5cm, and the clay common brick being 3-5cm by particle diameter is filled and formed;
One second layer, thickness is 5cm, and the clay common brick being 1-3cm by particle diameter is filled and formed;
One third layer, thickness is 70cm, and the clay common brick being 0.5-1cm by particle diameter is filled and formed;
One upper strata, thickness is 20cm, and filled by the mixture of clay common brick and stalk and form, particle diameter is all less than 0.5cm, clay common brick: the weight ratio of stalk is 10:1.
3. artificial wet land system as claimed in claim 1 or 2, is characterized in that, comprise plural wetland bed, and each wetland bed walking abreast is arranged in described artificial wet land system.
4. artificial wet land system as claimed in claim 1 or 2, is characterized in that, described wetland bed above water distributor is set, sewage be transported to described wetland bed top and discharge; Header tank is connected, for collecting purifying waste water after wetland bed purification in described wetland bed downstream.
5. artificial wet land system as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that, described water distributor is arranged on 20cm place, wetland bed top, water distributor is provided with Valve controlling water flow switch, water distributor has some branches, and each branch is provided with opening-closing valve to regulate separately each branch water distribution uninterrupted and switch; Described wetland bed, be arranged in a casing, described wetland bed box house is provided with liquidometer, and the liquid level in wetland bed casing is apart from wetland bed bottom 40cm-85cm.
6. artificial wet land system as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that, described header tank and wetland bed wall are close to by wall and arrange, or adopt a casing to be divided into wetland bed and header tank, the sidewall bottom of header tank, wetland bed next-door neighbour is provided with several holes, connected set water tank, wetland bed.
7. artificial wet land system as claimed in claim 4, is characterized in that, arrange drain box in described header tank downstream, for collecting the sewage discharged after artificial wet land system.
8. artificial wet land system as claimed in claim 4, is characterized in that, described water distributor upstream connects distribution reservoir, is provided with pre-treatment filtration unit in described distribution reservoir.
9. artificial wet land system as claimed in claim 8, is characterized in that, described pre-treatment filtration unit adopts stainless steel filtering net film, and to distribution reservoir, arrange baffle plate bottom screen membrane, described distribution reservoir separates by described screen membrane and baffle plate; Arrange submersible pump in distribution reservoir, submersible pump downstream connecting fluid flowmeter body, under meter downstream connects water distributor.
10. artificial wet land system as claimed in claim 9, it is characterized in that, the hydraulic surface loading of described artificial wet land system is 0.2-0.8m
3/ (m
2.d), the water distribution-dry cycle that falls is 7 days, and the wet dry time is than being 3:4.
11. artificial wet land systems as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described wetland bed on plant wetland plant, described wetland plant adopts cold-resistant, easily growth, plant that anti-pollution characteristic is high.
12. 1 kinds of domestic sewage in rural areas purifying methods, it is characterized in that, with wetland bed, sanitary sewage is purified, wherein, described wetland bed employing common brick and stalk are formed as weighting material filling, the particle diameter of weighting material diminishes gradually from bottom to top, above wetland bed, lay sanitary sewage, obtains purify waste water in wetland bed bottom.
13. purifying methods as claimed in claim 12, is characterized in that, sanitary sewage cloth be put into wetland bed before carry out filtering and water distribution, and after be transported to wetland bed top through water distributor and lay; At sanitary sewage after wetland bed purification, make to purify waste water from wetland bed bottom percolation to being close in wetland bed header tank.
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| CN108734620A (en) * | 2018-05-29 | 2018-11-02 | 大连海事大学 | A kind of size of population investigation method based on concentration of wastewater monitoring |
| CN109970205A (en) * | 2019-03-15 | 2019-07-05 | 山东省环科院环境工程有限公司 | A kind of the ventilation anti-seepage drowned flow artificial wet land and its operation method of efficient denitrification |
| CN109970205B (en) * | 2019-03-15 | 2024-05-07 | 山东省环科院环境工程有限公司 | Efficient denitrification breathable impermeable subsurface flow constructed wetland and operation method thereof |
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