CN104962251A - 一种微乳液成膜封堵钻井液及制备方法 - Google Patents
一种微乳液成膜封堵钻井液及制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种微乳液成膜封堵钻井液,包括以下按质量百分比计的组分:1.0~2.0%的隔离膜剂乳液,1.0~2.0%的纳米胶乳,5.0~20%的支撑暂堵剂惰性颗粒,0.2~0.5%的提粘剂,0.5~1.0%的降滤失剂,0.1~0.3%的碱度控制剂,0.03~0.1%的防腐剂,1.0~2.0%的润滑剂,剩余量为水。本发明钻井液在裸露岩石表面能够有效形成一层高效的隔离膜,从而在井壁外围形成一层保护层,大大阻碍水或钻井液渗入地层中,有效抑制地层水水化膨胀,封堵地层层理或微裂缝,防止井壁坍塌,保护油气层。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于油田钻井技术领域,具体涉及一种微乳液成膜封堵钻井液及制备方法。
背景技术
厄瓜多尔SACHA区块位于亚马逊热带雨林,地层属于海相环境沉积,该区块以定向井“S”井型为主,产层井段为φ215.9mm井眼,主要钻遇第三系的TENA、NAPO和HOLLIN层位,其中油层位于NAPO下部砂岩和HOLLIN顶部砂岩。整个井段地层比较新,沉积时间短,欠压实,稳定性差。TENA层为极易水化的泥岩,造浆严重;NAPO层以页岩为主,中部夹杂着多层灰岩,NAPO下部有多套含油砂岩,该层段页岩、灰岩和砂岩交替发育,页岩具有裂缝发育,松散破碎,容易垮塌,并且产层砂岩孔隙度大,渗透性高,井壁容易堆积较厚泥饼。因此,在钻井过程中经常发生井壁垮塌和地层造浆,破坏钻井液性能,使钻井液失去有效的防塌抑制作用;引发井壁坍塌、井径扩大率比较大、钻头泥包、起下钻遇阻、甚至卡钻。另外,当地环保要求苛刻,对环境危害较大钻井液材料受到限制,譬如磺化材料和盐类,从而对钻井液提出更高的要求。
根据当地的开发现状客观要求,需要研发一种针对厄瓜多尔产层井段地层特点,具有优异的井壁稳定、高效的储层保护功能和自主知识产权的钻井液配方,满足厄瓜多尔SACHA区块产层井段开发需要。
发明内容
本发明的目的是克服现有钻井过程中易发生井壁垮塌和地层造浆,破坏钻井液性能,使钻井液失去有效的防塌抑制作用,同时易引发井壁坍塌、井径扩大率比较大、钻头泥包、起下钻遇阻、甚至卡钻的问题。
为此,本发明提供了一种微乳液成膜封堵钻井液,包括以下按质量百分比计的组分:1.0~2.0%的隔离膜剂乳液,1.0~2.0%的纳米胶乳,5.0~20%的支撑暂堵剂惰性颗粒,0.2~0.5%的提粘剂,0.5~1.0%的降滤失剂,0.1~0.3%的碱度控制剂,0.03~0.1%的防腐剂,1.0~2.0%的润滑剂,剩余量为水。
本发明微乳液成膜封堵钻井液还包括质量百分比为0.5~1.0%的清洁剂,该清洁剂为直径小于5微米的纤维或直径小于2毫米的果壳。
上述隔离膜剂乳液为聚乙二醇,平均分子量为570~630。
上述纳米胶乳为聚丙烯酸脂或糖浆中的一种或两种。
上述支撑暂堵剂惰性颗粒为粒径100目~400目的石灰石粉。
上述提粘剂为黄原胶或表观粘度≥50mPa.s的聚阴离子纤维素。
上述降滤失剂为表观粘度≤40mPa.s的聚阴离子纤维素或表观粘度≤40mPa.s的羧钠基纤维素或羟乙基纤维素中的一种或两种。
上述碱度控制剂为氢氧化钠或氢氧化钾或强氧化钙。
上述防腐剂为甲醛或戊二醛;润滑剂为油基高效润滑剂DFL-1。
另外,本发明还提供了一种微乳液成膜封堵钻井液的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
1)在现场配浆罐内装入计算量的清水。
2)向配浆罐内依次加入质量百分比为0.5~1.0%的降滤失剂,0.2~0.5%的提粘剂,充分搅拌混合均匀。
3)向配浆罐内依次加入质量百分比为1.0~2.0%的隔离膜剂乳液,1.0~2.0%的纳米胶乳,5.0~20%的支撑暂堵剂惰性颗粒,搅拌混合均匀。
4)再向配浆罐内加入质量百分比为0.03~0.1%的防腐剂,搅拌使其溶解。
5)当钻具扭矩不断增大或振动筛上钻屑返出比较少时,再向配浆罐内加入质量百分比为0.5~1.0%的清洁剂,充分搅拌。
6)向配浆罐内加入质量百分比为0.1~0.3%的碱度控制剂,将配浆罐内的pH值调至8~9.5。
7)在实际使用中,当钻具扭矩不断增大时加入1.0~2.0%的润滑剂。
本发明的有益效果:
(1)本发明提供的这种微乳液成膜封堵钻井液选用隔离膜剂和纳米胶乳作为成膜剂、粒级匹配合理的惰性粒子作为支撑剂,能够在裸露岩石表面能够有效形成一层高效的隔离膜,从而在井壁外围形成一层保护层,大大阻碍水或钻井液渗入地层中,有效抑制地层水水化膨胀,封堵地层层理或微裂缝,防止井壁坍塌,保护油气层。
(2)本发明提供的这种微乳液成膜封堵钻井液性能稳定,密度可调,成膜封堵效率高,流变性能好,能有效保护储层,有利于保持井壁稳定。
(3)本发明提供的这种微乳液成膜封堵钻井液的制备方法工艺简单,陈本低,具有良好的经济效益和社会效益,值得推广应用。
具体实施方式
实施例1:
为了克服现有钻井过程中易发生井壁垮塌和地层造浆,破坏钻井液性能,使钻井液失去有效的防塌抑制作用,同时易引发井壁坍塌、井径扩大率比较大、钻头泥包、起下钻遇阻、甚至卡钻的问题,本实施例提供了一种微乳液成膜封堵钻井液,包括以下按质量百分比计的组分:1.0~2.0%的隔离膜剂乳液,1.0~2.0%的纳米胶乳,5.0~20%的支撑暂堵剂惰性颗粒,0.2~0.5%的提粘剂,0.5~1.0%的降滤失剂,0.1~0.3%的碱度控制剂,0.03~0.1%的防腐剂,1.0~2.0%的润滑剂,剩余量为水。
优选的,该微乳液成膜封堵钻井液还包括质量百分比为0.5~1.0%的清洁剂,该清洁剂为直径小于5微米的纤维或直径小于2毫米的果壳。
该微乳液成膜封堵钻井液的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
1)在现场配浆罐内装入计算量的清水。
2)向配浆罐内依次加入质量百分比为0.5~1.0%的降滤失剂,0.2~0.5%的提粘剂,充分搅拌混合均匀。
3)向配浆罐内依次加入质量百分比为1.0~2.0%的隔离膜剂乳液,1.0~2.0%的纳米胶乳,5.0~20%的支撑暂堵剂惰性颗粒,搅拌混合均匀。
4)再向配浆罐内加入质量百分比为0.03~0.1%的防腐剂,搅拌使其溶解。
5)当钻具扭矩不断增大或振动筛上钻屑返出比较少时,再向配浆罐内加入质量百分比为0.5~1.0%的清洁剂,充分搅拌。
6)向配浆罐内加入质量百分比为0.1~0.3%的碱度控制剂,将配浆罐内的pH值调至8~9.5。
7)在实际使用中,当钻具扭矩不断增大时加入1.0~2.0%的润滑剂。
本发明提供的这种微乳液成膜封堵钻井液选用隔离膜剂和纳米胶乳作为成膜剂、粒级匹配合理的惰性粒子作为支撑剂,能够在裸露岩石表面能够有效形成一层高效的隔离膜,从而在井壁外围形成一层保护层,大大阻碍水或钻井液渗入地层中,有效抑制地层水水化膨胀,封堵地层层理或微裂缝,防止井壁坍塌,保护油气层。
实施例2:
在实施例1的基础上,所述隔离膜剂乳液为聚乙二醇,平均分子量为570~630;所述纳米胶乳为聚丙烯酸脂或糖浆中的一种或两种;所述支撑暂堵剂惰性颗粒为粒径100目~400目的石灰石粉;所述提粘剂为黄原胶或表观粘度≥50mPa.s的聚阴离子纤维素;所述降滤失剂为表观粘度≤40mPa.s的聚阴离子纤维素或表观粘度≤40mPa.s的羧钠基纤维素或羟乙基纤维素中的一种或两种;所述碱度控制剂为氢氧化钠或氢氧化钾或强氧化钙;所述防腐剂为甲醛或戊二醛;润滑剂为油基高效润滑剂DFL-1(由西南石油学院成都金牛钻井液材料厂购得)。
实施例3:
本实施例将质量百分比为0.5%的低粘(表观粘度≤40mPa.s)聚阴离子纤维素,0.2%的黄原胶,1.0%的聚乙二醇,1.0%聚丙烯酸脂,1.0%的润滑剂DFL-1,依次加入清水中,充分搅拌混合,搅拌充分溶解,再依次加入5.0%粒径为100目~400目的石灰石粉,0.03%的戊二醛,最后用氢氧化钠调节pH值至8,搅拌均匀,充分预水化,配制成钻井液。
对本实施例配制的钻井液按照API推荐钻井液测试标准检验,测试其基本性能如表1所示。
表1:
序号 | 性能名称 | 指标 |
1 | 密度,g/cm3 | 1.10 |
2 | 漏斗粘度FV,sec. | 40 |
3 | API中压失水,mL | 4.0 |
4 | pH值 | 8 |
5 | 塑性粘度PV,mPa·s | 13 |
6 | 动切力YP,Pa | 8 |
7 | 6RPM | 8 |
8 | 静切力,Pa | 2/3 |
9 | 油含量,% | 1.0 |
10 | 岩屑回收率,% | 84 |
11 | 岩心伤害恢复率,% | 85 |
实施例4:
本实施例将质量百分比为1.0%的低粘(表观粘度≤40mPa.s)聚阴离子纤维素,0.5%的黄原胶,2.0%的聚乙二醇,2.0%的聚丙烯酸脂,2.0%的润滑剂DFL-1,依次加入清水中,充分搅拌混合,搅拌充分溶解,再依次加入10.0%粒径为100目~400目的石灰石粉,0.1%的戊二醛,最后用氢氧化钠调节pH值至9.5,搅拌均匀,充分预水化,配制成钻井液。
对本实施例配制的钻井液按照API推荐钻井液测试标准检验,测试其基本性能如表2所示。
表2:
序号 | 性能名称 | 指标 |
1 | 密度,g/cm3 | 1.25 |
2 | 漏斗粘度FV,sec. | 65 |
3 | API中压失水,mL | 5.0 |
4 | pH值 | 9.5 |
5 | 塑性粘度PV,mPa·s | 25 |
6 | 动切力YP,Pa | 20 |
7 | 6RPM | 10 |
8 | 静切力,Pa | 4/6 |
9 | 油含量,% | 2.0 |
10 | 岩屑回收率,% | 91 |
11 | 岩心伤害恢复率,% | 93 |
对本实施例配制的钻井液根据配制程序在现场配制,在SACHA443D井的现场试验,取得以下效果:
SACHA443D井是进入厄瓜多尔市场的第一口井,产层井段设计为φ215.9mm井眼,设计井段9210ft~10661ft。2014年3月3日6:00从8938ft(垂深8423ft,井斜24.23度)开始φ215.9mm井段施工,先后钻遇TENA泥岩,NAPO页岩、灰岩和砂岩(油层),以及HOLLIN砂岩,于3月6日6:00钻至10690ft(垂深10116ft,井斜2.2度)三开完钻,成功克服了TENA层泥岩恶性造浆,NAPO层页岩垮塌,以及砂岩层缩径。整个井段性能一直保持稳定:密度为1.10~1.25g/cm3,FV为40~65s,API FL为4~6ml,泥饼为0.2~0.3mm,pH值为8~9,含砂量<0.5%,PV为13~25mPa.s,YP为8~20Pa,泥饼摩阻系数小于0.07,并且泥饼很薄,动塑比值高,携砂效果好,起下钻畅通无阻,电测一次成功,下套管一次到底。
SACHA443D井的成功实施后,获得以下认识和效果:
(1)该钻井液体系抑制性强,有效防止了PDC钻头泥包。
(2)该钻井液成膜效率高,防塌封堵能力突出,井壁稳定,井径规则。其它公司泥浆体系服务井扩大率基本在40%,对于完井电测来说风险较大,而本发明服务的井平均井径扩大率不到15%。
(3)使用本发明微乳液成膜封堵钻井液体系后,产层井段复杂损失率为零,机械钻速高,缩短了钻井周期。
在模拟正常钻井(包括正常钻进、起钻、下钻、停钻过程)和储层条件(上覆地层压力,泥浆液柱压力,储层压力,储层温度)下,对四块岩心油层岩芯进行伤害评价,其结果如表3所示,其中,Kg1和Kg2分别为岩心伤害前后的气体渗透率。
表3:
由表3说明,经过微乳液成膜封堵钻井液体系高温高压伤害后,最高渗透率恢复率达88.99%,平均伤害率为11.01%,属于轻度伤害。
实施例5:
本实施例将质量百分比为0.5%的低粘(表观粘度≤40mPa.s)羧钠基纤维素,0.2%的高粘(表观粘度≥50mPa.s)聚阴离子纤维素,1.0%的聚乙二醇,1.0%的聚丙烯酸脂,1.0%的润滑剂DFL-1,依次加入清水中,充分搅拌混合,搅拌充分溶解,再依次加入10.0%粒径为100目~400目的石灰石粉,0.03%的戊二醛,最后用氢氧化钾调节pH值至8,搅拌均匀,充分预水化,配制成钻井液。
对本实施例配制的钻井液按照API推荐钻井液测试标准检验,测试其基本性能如表4所示。
表4:
序号 | 性能名称 | 指标 |
1 | 密度,g/cm3 | 1.10 |
2 | 漏斗粘度FV,sec. | 41 |
3 | API中压失水,mL | 4.0 |
4 | pH值 | 8 |
5 | 塑性粘度PV,mPa·s | 14 |
6 | 动切力YP,Pa | 7 |
7 | 6RPM | 8 |
8 | 静切力,Pa | 2/3 |
9 | 油含量,% | 1.0 |
10 | 岩屑回收率,% | 85 |
11 | 岩心伤害恢复率,% | 85 |
实施例6:
本实施例将质量百分比为1.0%的低粘(表观粘度≤40mPa.s)羧钠基纤维素,0.5%的高粘(表观粘度≥50mPa.s)聚阴离子纤维素,2.0%的聚乙二醇,2.0%的聚丙烯酸脂,2.0%的润滑剂DFL-1,依次加入清水中,充分搅拌混合,搅拌充分溶解,再依次加入20.0%粒径为100目~400目的石灰石粉,0.1%的戊二醛,最后用氢氧化钾调节pH值至9.5,搅拌均匀,充分预水化,配制成钻井液。
对本实施例配制的钻井液按照API推荐钻井液测试标准检验,测试其基本性能如表5所示。
表5:
序号 | 性能名称 | 指标 |
1 | 密度,g/cm3 | 1.25 |
2 | 漏斗粘度FV,sec. | 67 |
3 | API中压失水,mL | 5.0 |
4 | pH值 | 9.5 |
5 | 塑性粘度PV,mPa·s | 25 |
6 | 动切力YP,Pa | 18 |
7 | 6RPM | 9 |
8 | 静切力,Pa | 4/6 |
9 | 油含量,% | 2.0 |
10 | 岩屑回收率,% | 91 |
11 | 岩心伤害恢复率,% | 93 |
对本实施例配制的钻井液根据配制程序在现场配制,在SACHA444D井的现场试验,取得以下效果:
SACHA444D井产层井段设计为φ215.9mm井眼,设计井段9452ft~10962ft。2014年4月14日3:00从9542ft(垂深8426ft,井斜28.35度)开始φ215.9mm井段施工,先后钻遇TENA泥岩,NAPO页岩、灰岩和砂岩(油层),以及HOLLIN砂岩,于5月5日11:00钻至10962ft(垂深10121ft,井斜3.4度)三开完钻,成功克服了TENA层泥岩恶性造浆,NAPO层页岩垮塌,以及砂岩层缩径。整个井段性能一直保持稳定:密度为1.10~1.25g/cm3,FV为40~65s,API FL为4~6ml,泥饼为0.2~0.3mm,pH值为8~9,含砂量<0.5%,PV为13~25mPa.s,YP为8~20Pa,泥饼摩阻系数小于0.07,并且泥饼很薄,动塑比值高,携砂效果好,起下钻畅通无阻,电测一次成功,下套管一次到底。
实施例7:
本实施例将质量百分比为0.5%的低粘(表观粘度≤40mPa.s)羟乙基纤维素,0.2%的黄原胶,1.0%的聚乙二醇,1.0%的糖浆,1.0%的润滑剂DFL-1,依次加入清水中,充分搅拌混合,搅拌充分溶解,再依次加入8.0%粒径为100目~400目的石灰石粉,0.03%甲醛,最后用强氧化钙调节pH值至8,搅拌均匀,充分预水化,配制成钻井液。
对本实施例配制的钻井液按照API推荐钻井液测试标准检验,测试其基本性能如表6所示。
表6:
序号 | 性能名称 | 指标 |
1 | 密度,g/cm3 | 1.10 |
2 | 漏斗粘度FV,sec. | 40 |
3 | API中压失水,mL | 4.0 |
4 | pH值 | 8 |
5 | 塑性粘度PV,mPa·s | 13 |
6 | 动切力YP,Pa | 8 |
7 | 6RPM | 8 |
8 | 静切力,Pa | 2/3 |
9 | 油含量,% | 1.0 |
10 | 岩屑回收率,% | 84 |
11 | 岩心伤害恢复率,% | 85 |
实施例8:
本实施例将质量百分比为1.0%的低粘(表观粘度≤40mPa.s)羟乙基纤维素,0.5%的黄原胶,2.0%的聚乙二醇,2.0%的糖浆,2.0%的润滑剂DFL-1,依次加入清水中,充分搅拌混合,搅拌充分溶解,再依次加入15.0%粒径为100目~400目的石灰石粉,0.1%的甲醛,最后用强氧化钙调节pH值至9.5,搅拌均匀,充分预水化,配制成钻井液。
对本实施例配制的钻井液按照API推荐钻井液测试标准检验,测试其基本性能如表7所示。
表7:
序号 | 性能名称 | 指标 |
1 | 密度,g/cm3 | 1.25 |
2 | 漏斗粘度FV,sec. | 65 |
3 | API中压失水,mL | 5.0 |
4 | pH值 | 9.5 |
5 | 塑性粘度PV,mPa·s | 25 |
6 | 动切力YP,Pa | 20 |
7 | 6RPM | 10 |
8 | 静切力,Pa | 4/6 |
9 | 油含量,% | 2.0 |
10 | 岩屑回收率,% | 91 |
11 | 岩心伤害恢复率,% | 93 |
对本实施例配制的钻井液根据配制程序在现场配制,在SACHA448D井的现场试验,取得以下效果:
SACHA448D井是产层井段设计为φ215.9mm井眼,设计井段9541ft~11132ft。2014年9月28日16:00从9541ft(垂深8428ft,井斜29.04度)开始φ215.9mm井段施工,先后钻遇TENA泥岩,NAPO页岩、灰岩和砂岩(油层),以及HOLLIN砂岩,于9月19日2:00钻至11132ft(垂深10119ft,井斜5.3度)三开完钻,成功克服了TENA层泥岩恶性造浆,NAPO层页岩垮塌,以及砂岩层缩径。整个井段性能一直保持稳定:密度为1.10~1.25g/cm3,FV为40~65s,API FL为4~6ml,泥饼为0.2~0.3mm,pH值为8~9,含砂量<0.5%,PV为13~25mPa.s,YP为8~20Pa,泥饼摩阻系数小于0.07,并且泥饼很薄,动塑比值高,携砂效果好,起下钻畅通无阻,电测一次成功,下套管一次到底。
综上所述,本发明提供的这种微乳液成膜封堵钻井液性能稳定,密度可调,成膜封堵效率高,流变性能好,能有效保护储层,有利于保持井壁稳定;另外,该微乳液成膜封堵钻井液的制备方法工艺简单,陈本低,具有良好的经济效益和社会效益,值得推广应用。
以上例举仅仅是对本发明的举例说明,并不构成对本发明的保护范围的限制,凡是与本发明相同或相似的设计均属于本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种微乳液成膜封堵钻井液,其特征在于:包括以下按质量百分比计的组分:1.0~2.0%的隔离膜剂乳液,1.0~2.0%的纳米胶乳,5.0~20%的支撑暂堵剂惰性颗粒,0.2~0.5%的提粘剂,0.5~1.0%的降滤失剂,0.1~0.3%的碱度控制剂,0.03~0.1%的防腐剂,1.0~2.0%的润滑剂,剩余量为水。
2.如权利要求1所述的微乳液成膜封堵钻井液,其特征在于:还包括质量百分比为0.5~1.0%的清洁剂,该清洁剂为直径小于5微米的纤维或直径小于2毫米的果壳。
3.如权利要求1所述的微乳液成膜封堵钻井液,其特征在于:所述隔离膜剂乳液为聚乙二醇,平均分子量为570~630。
4.如权利要求1所述的微乳液成膜封堵钻井液,其特征在于:所述纳米胶乳为聚丙烯酸脂或糖浆中的一种或两种。
5.如权利要求1所述的微乳液成膜封堵钻井液,其特征在于:所述支撑暂堵剂惰性颗粒为粒径100目~400目的石灰石粉。
6.如权利要求1所述的微乳液成膜封堵钻井液,其特征在于:所述提粘剂为黄原胶或表观粘度≥50mPa.s的聚阴离子纤维素。
7.如权利要求1所述的微乳液成膜封堵钻井液,其特征在于:所述降滤失剂为表观粘度≤40mPa.s的聚阴离子纤维素或表观粘度≤40mPa.s的羧钠基纤维素或羟乙基纤维素中的一种或两种。
8.如权利要求1所述的微乳液成膜封堵钻井液,其特征在于:所述碱度控制剂为氢氧化钠或氢氧化钾或强氧化钙。
9.如权利要求1所述的微乳液成膜封堵钻井液,其特征在于:所述防腐剂为甲醛或戊二醛;润滑剂为油基高效润滑剂DFL-1。
10.如权利要求1至9中任意一种微乳液成膜封堵钻井液的制备方法,其特征在于:包括如下步骤:
1)在现场配浆罐内装入计算量的清水;
2)向配浆罐内依次加入质量百分比为0.5~1.0%的降滤失剂,0.2~0.5%的提粘剂,充分搅拌混合均匀;
3)向配浆罐内依次加入质量百分比为1.0~2.0%的隔离膜剂乳液,1.0~2.0%的纳米胶乳,5.0~20%的支撑暂堵剂惰性颗粒,搅拌混合均匀;
4)再向配浆罐内加入质量百分比为0.03~0.1%的防腐剂,搅拌使其溶解;
5)当钻具扭矩不断增大或振动筛上钻屑返出较少时,向配浆罐内加入质量百分比为0.5~1.0%的清洁剂,充分搅拌;
6)向配浆罐内加入质量百分比为0.1~0.3%的碱度控制剂,将配浆罐内的pH值调至8~9.5;
7)在实际使用中,当钻具扭矩不断增大时加入质量百分比为1.0~2.0%的润滑剂。
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