Background technology
In heterogeneous ring compound, pyrroles is the important compound of a class, it usually appears among a large amount of natural products, active alkaloid, medicine and agricultural formulations as mother nucleus structure, in addition, and the synthetic intermediate of azoles also Chang Zuowei bioactive compounds.
Just based on the so important effect of azoles, therefore, the preparation method developing pyrrole derivatives becomes the hot issue in organic synthesis field day by day.
At present, in prior art, there is the existing report of multiple synthesis pyrrole derivatives, such as:
CN104710339A discloses a kind of 2,3, the preparation method of 4-tri-substituted azole ring derivatives, belong to the field of chemical synthesis, described method comprises: 1, join alkene acid benzyl ester and paraformaldehyde and experience MBH and be obtained by reacting 2-hydroxy methylene-2,3-joins alkene acid benzyl ester, obtains 2-acetoxyl group methylene radical-2,3-join alkene acid benzyl ester with excess acetyl chloride; 2,2-bromoacetophenone and TsNHBoc are obtained by reacting N, N-(2-oxo 2-2 styroyl)-p-toluenesulfonyl-t-butyl carbamate, slough Boc and obtain N-(2-oxo-2-styroyl) p-methylphenyl sulphonylamine; 3,2-acetoxyl group methylene radical-2,3-connection alkene acid benzyl ester and N-(2-oxo-2-styroyl) p-methylphenyl sulphonylamine make solvent with Isosorbide-5-Nitrae-dioxane under DABCO and mineral alkali salt of wormwood exist, and 80 DEG C are reacted 36 hours.
CN104370939A discloses a kind of preparation method of chirality pyrroline compound, described compound is the important intermediate preparing antitumor drug MK-0731, described preparation method with vinyl ethylene carbonate and isocyanic ester for raw material, with the asymmetric decarboxylation cycloaddition reaction of palladium chtalyst for committed step, prepare chirality pyrroline compound by four step chemical transformation.This preparation method's step is short, and reaction conditions is gentle, and reaction yield is high, and enantioselectivity is excellent.
CN104086542A discloses a kind of coughing up and the preparation method of quinolinones compound, it is characterized in that concrete steps are as follows: the primary amine of 1-1.5 equivalent is added the 3-bromo-4-alkynyl quinolinone of the various replacements of 1 equivalent, the K of 2.5-3.5 equivalent by (1)
3pO
4, Pd (OAc)
2with in the solution of the N,N-dimethylacetamide of R-(+)-BINAP, at 120-130 DEG C of temperature, stir 8-24 hour, TLC monitors end; Wherein, Pd (OAc)
2consumption be the 3-6% of whole reaction system, the consumption of R-(+)-BINAP is the 6-12% of whole reaction system, and (2) wash reaction solution with water, be extracted with ethyl acetate, dry, concentrated, and column chromatography for separation, obtain pyrroloquinoline ketone compounds.
CN103864661A discloses a kind of synthesis technique of 2-Amino 3 cyano pyrrole derivative, described technique with propane dinitrile, phenyl aldehyde, aminoacetaldehyde dimethyl acetal for starting raw material, obtain target product through reduction amination, closed loop, amino derivatization, de-benzyl, this compounds has potential biological activity.
As mentioned above, in prior art, disclose the method for multiple synthesis pyrrole derivative, but for the novel method for synthesizing of pyrrole derivative, still there is the necessity continuing research.Based on this, the present inventor is intended to by the component research of catalytic reaction system and component collocation, and a kind of novel method for synthesizing of pyrrole derivatives is proposed, it has drawn best catalytic reaction system on the basis that great many of experiments screens and explores, achieve the efficient synthesis of pyrrole derivatives, and can rapid reaction, there is great market application foreground.
Summary of the invention
As mentioned above, in order to develop the novel method for synthesizing of pyrrole derivative, present inventor has performed deep research and exploration, after having paid enough creative works, thus completing the present invention.
Specifically, technical scheme of the present invention and content relate to the synthetic method of pyrrole derivatives shown in a kind of following formula (IV),
Described method comprises: in organic solvent, under catalyzer, alkali and promotor exist, following formula (I) compound, following formula (II) compound and following formula (III) compound react, thus obtain described formula (IV) compound
Wherein, R
1for H, C
1-C
6alkyl, halogen or nitro;
R
2for C
1-C
6alkyl or benzyl.
In described synthetic method of the present invention, described C
1-C
6the implication of alkyl refers to the straight or branched alkyl with 1-6 carbon atom, such as can be methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, sec.-propyl, normal-butyl, sec-butyl, isobutyl-, the tertiary butyl, n-pentyl, isopentyl or n-hexyl etc. in non-limiting manner.
In described synthetic method of the present invention, the implication of described halogen refers to haloid element, non-exclusively such as can be F, Cl, Br or I.
In described synthetic method of the present invention, described catalyzer is Pd (PhCN)
2cl
2(two (cyano group benzene) palladium chloride), Pd (acac)
2(palladium acetylacetonate), Pd (dba)
2(two (bis-Ya Benzyl benzylacetone) palladium), Pd (MeCN)
2cl
2(di acetonitrile palladium chloride), Pd (OAc)
2any one in (acid chloride), most preferably is Pd (MeCN)
2cl
2.
In described synthetic method of the present invention, described alkali is any one in sodium bicarbonate, salt of wormwood, sodium acetate, potassium acetate, sodium phosphate, potassium tert.-butoxide, diisopropanolamine (DIPA), triethylamine, N-(4-picolyl) ethamine etc., most preferably is N-(4-picolyl) ethamine.
In described synthetic method of the present invention, the copper trifluoromethanesulfcomposite (Cu (OTf) of described promotor to be mol ratio be 1:3-4
2) and the mixture of Yttrium trinitrate.
In described synthetic method of the present invention, described organic solvent is DMA (N, N-N,N-DIMETHYLACETAMIDE), DMF (N, N-dimethylpropionamide), DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)), toluene, ethanol, NMP (N-Methyl pyrrolidone), benzene, 1, any one in 4-dioxane, acetonitrile etc., most preferably is acetonitrile.
The restriction that the consumption of described organic solvent is strict, those skilled in the art can carry out suitable selection to its consumption, such as, can carry out according to making aftertreatment be easy to, reacting the amount of carrying out smoothly and carry out suitable selection.
In described synthetic method of the present invention, the mol ratio of described formula (I) compound and formula (II) compound is 1:1-1.5, such as, can be 1:1,1:1.1,1:1.2,1:1.3,1:1.4 or 1:1.5.
In described synthetic method of the present invention, the mol ratio of described formula (I) compound and formula (III) compound is 1:1-1.3, such as, can be 1:1,1:1.1,1:1.2 or 1:1.3.
In described synthetic method of the present invention, the mol ratio of described formula (I) compound and catalyzer is 1:0.04-0.08, such as can be 1:0.04,1:0.06 or 1:0.08 in non-limiting manner.
In described synthetic method of the present invention, the mol ratio of described formula (I) compound and alkali is 1:2-3, such as can be 1:2,1:2.5 or 1:3 in non-limiting manner.
In described synthetic method of the present invention, the mol ratio of described formula (I) compound and promotor is 1:0.1-0.2, namely the mole dosage of described formula (I) compound is 1:0.1-0.2 with the ratio of total mole dosage of two kinds of components of described promotor, such as can be 1:0.1,1:0.15 or 1:0.2 in non-limiting manner.
In described synthetic method of the present invention, temperature of reaction is 60-90 DEG C, such as, can be 60 DEG C, 70 DEG C, 80 DEG C or 90 DEG C.
In described synthetic method of the present invention, the reaction times is 4-8 hour, such as, can be 4 hours, 6 hours or 8 hours.
In described synthetic method of the present invention, aftertreatment after reaction terminates is specific as follows: after reaction terminates, reaction mixture is poured in deionized water, abundant vibration, then be extracted with ethyl acetate 2-3 time, merge organic phase, organic phase is used saturated aqueous common salt, deionized water wash respectively, then anhydrous magnesium sulfate drying is used, concentrating under reduced pressure, residue is crossed 200-300 order silica gel column chromatography and is separated, and take volume ratio as the acetone of 1:2 and the mixed solution of sherwood oil is elutriant, thus obtains described formula (IV) compound.
Comprehensively above-mentioned, present inventors have proposed a kind of novel method for synthesizing of pyrrole derivatives, the method creatively by adopting catalyzer, alkali, the compound of promotor and organic solvent selects and combination, thus reach the object improving reaction yield, high yield can obtain object product, there is in organic synthesis field industrial applications prospect widely.
Embodiment
Below by specific embodiment, the present invention is described in detail; but the purposes of these exemplary embodiments and object are only used for exemplifying the present invention; not any type of any restriction is formed to real protection scope of the present invention, more non-protection scope of the present invention is confined to this.
Embodiment 1
Under room temperature, to in the appropriate organic solvent acetonitrile in reactor, add 100mmol above formula (I) compound, 100mmol above formula (II) compound, 100mmol above formula (III) compound, 4mmol catalyst P d (MeCN)
2cl
2, 200mmol alkali N-(4-picolyl) ethamine and 10mmol promotor (mixture for 2.5mmol copper trifluoromethanesulfcomposite and 7.5mmol Yttrium trinitrate), be then warming up to 60 DEG C, and stirring reaction 8 hours at such a temperature;
After reaction terminates, reaction mixture is poured in deionized water, fully vibrates, be then extracted with ethyl acetate 2-3 time, merge organic phase, organic phase is used saturated aqueous common salt, deionized water wash respectively, then uses anhydrous magnesium sulfate drying, concentrating under reduced pressure, residue is crossed 200-300 order silica gel column chromatography and is separated, take volume ratio as the acetone of 1:2 and the mixed solution of sherwood oil be elutriant, thus obtain above formula (IV) compound, productive rate is 96.9%.
1H NMR(CDCl
3,400MHz):δ1.47(s,9H),2.29(s,3H),4.52(s,2H),6.33(d,J=3.1Hz,1H),6.87(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),6.97(d,J=3.0Hz,1H),7.03-7.12(m,3H),7.19(d,J=7.8Hz,2H),7.54(dt,J=7.7Hz&1.5Hz,1H),8.55(d,J=4.2Hz,1H)。
HRMS(ESI)([M+H]
+):304.1。
Embodiment 2
Under room temperature, to in the appropriate organic solvent acetonitrile in reactor, add 100mmol above formula (I) compound, 120mmol above formula (II) compound, 110mmol above formula (III) compound, 6mmol catalyst P d (MeCN)
2cl
2, 250mmol alkali N-(4-picolyl) ethamine and 15mmol promotor (mixture for 3mmol copper trifluoromethanesulfcomposite and 12mmol Yttrium trinitrate), be then warming up to 70 DEG C, and stirring reaction 6 hours at such a temperature;
After reaction terminates, reaction mixture is poured in deionized water, fully vibrates, be then extracted with ethyl acetate 2-3 time, merge organic phase, organic phase is used saturated aqueous common salt, deionized water wash respectively, then uses anhydrous magnesium sulfate drying, concentrating under reduced pressure, residue is crossed 200-300 order silica gel column chromatography and is separated, take volume ratio as the acetone of 1:2 and the mixed solution of sherwood oil be elutriant, thus obtain above formula (IV) compound, productive rate is 97.3%.
1H NMR(CDCl
3,400MHz):δ2.34(s,3H),4.33(s,2H),4.99(s,2H),6.38(d,J=2.7Hz,1H),6.72(d,J=2.7Hz,1H),6.88-7.45(m,11H),7.52(t,J=7.6Hz,1H),8.49(d,J=4.2Hz,1H)。
HRMS(ESI)([M+H]
+):338.2。
Embodiment 3
Under room temperature, to in the appropriate organic solvent acetonitrile in reactor, add 100mmol above formula (I) compound, 150mmol above formula (II) compound, 120mmol above formula (III) compound, 8mmol catalyst P d (MeCN)
2cl
2, 300mmol alkali N-(4-picolyl) ethamine and 20mmol promotor (mixture for 4.5mmol copper trifluoromethanesulfcomposite and 15.5mmol Yttrium trinitrate), be then warming up to 90 DEG C, and stirring reaction 4 hours at such a temperature;
After reaction terminates, reaction mixture is poured in deionized water, fully vibrates, be then extracted with ethyl acetate 2-3 time, merge organic phase, organic phase is used saturated aqueous common salt, deionized water wash respectively, then uses anhydrous magnesium sulfate drying, concentrating under reduced pressure, residue is crossed 200-300 order silica gel column chromatography and is separated, take volume ratio as the acetone of 1:2 and the mixed solution of sherwood oil be elutriant, thus obtain above formula (IV) compound, productive rate is 97.2%.
1H NMR(C
6D
6,400MHz):δ1.48(s,9H),4.53(s,2H),6.29(d,J=3.1Hz,1H),6.87(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),6.94-7.29(m,6H),7.53(t,J=6.0Hz,1H),8.53(d,J=4.5Hz,1H)。
HRMS(ESI)([M+H]
+):324。
Embodiment 4
Under room temperature, to in the appropriate organic solvent acetonitrile in reactor, add 100mmol above formula (I) compound, 140mmol above formula (II) compound, 130mmol above formula (III) compound, 5mmol catalyst P d (MeCN)
2cl
2, 220mmol alkali N-(4-picolyl) ethamine and 18mmol promotor (mixture for 4.5mmol copper trifluoromethanesulfcomposite and 13.5mmol Yttrium trinitrate), be then warming up to 80 DEG C, and stirring reaction 5 hours at such a temperature;
After reaction terminates, reaction mixture is poured in deionized water, fully vibrates, be then extracted with ethyl acetate 2-3 time, merge organic phase, organic phase is used saturated aqueous common salt, deionized water wash respectively, then uses anhydrous magnesium sulfate drying, concentrating under reduced pressure, residue is crossed 200-300 order silica gel column chromatography and is separated, take volume ratio as the acetone of 1:2 and the mixed solution of sherwood oil be elutriant, thus obtain above formula (IV) compound, productive rate is 97.5%.。
1H NMR(CDCl
3,400MHz):δ4.22(s,2H),5.13(s,2H),6.42(d,J=2.5Hz,1H),6.79(d,J=2.5Hz,1H),6.92(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),6.99(d,J=7.5Hz,2H),7.06-7.31(m,4H),7.48(t,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.57(dt,J=8.0Hz&2.0Hz,1H),7.74(d,J=5.5Hz,1H),8.05(d,J=5.0Hz,1H),8.298(s,1H),8.54(d,J=4.0Hz,1H)。
HRMS(ESI)([M+H]
+):369。
Embodiment 5-20
Embodiment 5-8: except catalyzer being replaced with Pd (PhCN) respectively
2cl
2outward, other operation is all constant, thus has carried out embodiment 5-8 according to the same procedure of embodiment 1-4.
Embodiment 9-12: except catalyzer being replaced with Pd (acac) respectively
2outward, other operation is all constant, thus has carried out embodiment 9-12 according to the same procedure of embodiment 1-4.
Embodiment 13-16: except catalyzer being replaced with Pd (dba) respectively
2outward, other operation is all constant, thus has carried out embodiment 13-16 according to the same procedure of embodiment 1-4.
Embodiment 17-20: except catalyzer being replaced with Pd (OAc) respectively
2outward, other operation is all constant, thus has carried out embodiment 17-20 according to the same procedure of embodiment 1-4.
Experimental result is as shown in table 1 below.
Table 1
From table 1, in all palladium catalysts, Pd (MeCN)
2cl
2there is best catalytic effect, even if with its very similar Pd (PhCN)
2cl
2, its productive rate also has obvious reduction, and other palladium compound then reduces more obvious.
Embodiment 21-28
Except adopting different alkali, implement embodiment 21-28 respectively in the mode identical with embodiment 1-4, use alkali, corresponding relation and experimental result as shown in table 2 below.
Table 2
From upper table 2 data, in complex reaction system of the present invention, as alkali, N-(4-picolyl) ethamine has best effect, and the productive rate of other alkali all has and obviously or even significantly reduces.
Embodiment 29-40
Embodiment 29-32: except the promotor dispensed respectively wherein, other operation is all constant, thus according to the same way of embodiment 1-4, has carried out embodiment 29-32.
Embodiment 33-36: except respectively by promotor by copper trifluoromethanesulfcomposite (Cu (OTf)
2) and the mixture of Yttrium trinitrate replace with the copper trifluoromethanesulfcomposite (Cu (OTf) that consumption is original two kinds of total consumptions of component
2) outward, other operation is all constant, thus according to the same way of embodiment 1-4, carried out embodiment 33-36.
Embodiment 37-40: except respectively by promotor by copper trifluoromethanesulfcomposite (Cu (OTf)
2) and the mixture of Yttrium trinitrate replace with outside the Yttrium trinitrate that consumption is original two kinds of total consumptions of component, other operation is all constant, thus according to the same way of embodiment 1-4, has carried out embodiment 37-40.
Experimental result is as shown in table 3 below.
Table 3
From table 3, when not using promotor, then productive rate has remarkable reduction; And only ought use copper trifluoromethanesulfcomposite (Cu (OTf)
2) or Yttrium trinitrate time, productive rate reduce more obvious.This demonstrate that two facts: 1, the existence of promotor can significantly improve products collection efficiency; 2, when using one-component as promotor, its productive rate even will lower than productive rate when not using any promotor, thus describes to only have and use copper trifluoromethanesulfcomposite (Cu (OTf) simultaneously
2) and Yttrium trinitrate as promotor, just can obtain excellent effect of the present invention, also demonstrate and played unique collaborative promoter action between the two.
Embodiment 41-48
Except adopting different organic solvent, implement embodiment 41-48 respectively in the mode identical with embodiment 1-4, institute with an organic solvent, corresponding relation and experimental result as shown in table 4 below.
Table 4
From upper table 4 data, the kind of organic solvent can the productive rate of remarkably influenced product, and wherein acetonitrile has best solvent effect, and other organic solvent all causes products collection efficiency to decrease.
Comprehensively above-mentioned, the present invention creatively proposes a kind of novel method for synthesizing of pyrrole derivatives, the method creatively by adopting catalyzer, alkali, the compound of promotor and organic solvent selects and combination, thus reach the object improving reaction yield, high yield can obtain object product, there is in organic synthesis field industrial applications prospect widely.
Should be appreciated that the purposes of these embodiments is only not intended to for illustration of the present invention limit the scope of the invention.In addition; also should understand; after having read technology contents of the present invention, those skilled in the art can make various change, amendment and/or modification to the present invention, and these all equivalent form of values fall within the protection domain that the application's appended claims limits equally.