CN104958943B - The segregation apparatus of a kind of liquid fluorinated hydrogen solution and method thereof - Google Patents

The segregation apparatus of a kind of liquid fluorinated hydrogen solution and method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104958943B
CN104958943B CN201510305702.5A CN201510305702A CN104958943B CN 104958943 B CN104958943 B CN 104958943B CN 201510305702 A CN201510305702 A CN 201510305702A CN 104958943 B CN104958943 B CN 104958943B
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jacket type
pipeline
catcher
absorber
reactor
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CN104958943A (en
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宋昱龙
刘玉侠
张岚
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Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics of CAS
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Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics of CAS
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Abstract

The present invention relates to the segregation apparatus of a kind of liquid fluorinated hydrogen solution, including: jacket type seals reactor, jacket type is installed with filter membrane sleeve in sealing reactor, jacket type is sealed reactor and is communicated by the first pipeline with air, and the first pipeline is provided with the first absorber for absorbing hydrogen fluoride gas;Jacket type seals catcher, and jacket type is sealed catcher and connected with drain pipe by the second pipeline;Being arranged at the second absorber for absorbing hydrogen fluoride gas that jacket type seals the downstream of catcher, the second absorber and jacket type seal catcher by the 3rd pipeline connection, the second absorber and drain pipe by the 4th pipeline connection;It is arranged at the pump producing negative pressure in sealing reactor and jacket type sealing catcher at jacket type in the downstream of the second absorber.The present invention provides the separation method of a kind of above-mentioned segregation apparatus.The segregation apparatus of the present invention and method thereof meet the seal required by the separating technology of liquid fluorinated hydrogen solution, low temperature properties and Safety and Environmental Protection.

Description

The segregation apparatus of a kind of liquid fluorinated hydrogen solution and method thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to the separation of hydrogen fluoride solution, relate more specifically to dividing of a kind of liquid fluorinated hydrogen solution From devices and methods therefor.
Background technology
Fluohydric acid. is a kind of water white transparency fuming liquids, for the aqueous solution of hydrogen fluoride gas, in faintly acid, Irritant abnormal smells from the patient.Fluohydric acid. can react Silicon fluoride. (the energy corruption generating gaseous state with the compound of silicon and silicon Erosion glass), but plastics, paraffin, lead, gold, platinum are not played corrosiveness.
In Aluminium Industry, fluohydric acid gas is used for aluminium fluoride and the production of cryolite, and synthesis is for cold-producing medium With the Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) of foaming agent, and synthetic polymer.In the course of processing of uranium, fluohydric acid gas can be by dioxy Changing uranium and be separately converted to green salt and hex, hex can be used for diffusion method or centrifuging separates The isotope of uranium.In Chemical Manufacture, fluohydric acid gas also act as alkylation, be polymerized, be condensed, isomerization Catalyst;Can be additionally used in and etch and polished glass, stainless acid pickling and rust removing, metal casting desanding, The stabilizer of rocket propulsion oxidant and the many chloric metal-salts of preparation.
A lot of physicochemical properties of liquid hydrogen fluoride and aqueous phase seemingly, for polar molecule can be self-ionized, it It it is the fine solvent of many ionic crystalline compound.Its liquid temperature scope is more than 100 DEG C (-83.1 DEG C ~19.5 DEG C), certainly dissociating of liquid hydrogen fluoride is as follows:
Liquid hydrogen fluoride can be as the fine solvent of many villiaumites, such as, when 11 DEG C, 100g is liquid fluorinated Hydrogen Energy dissolves 30g sodium fluoride, thus forms the liquid fluorinated hydrogen solution of sodium fluoride.In actual mechanical process In, the most suitable method does not carries out solid-liquid separation to liquid fluorinated hydrogen solution.
The solid-liquid separation method that laboratory is conventional is funnel filter paper filtering and negative pressure leaching after dissolving, both Separate mode can be used for the solid-liquid separation of conventional soln, but the boiling point of liquid hydrogen fluoride is the lowest (only 19.54 DEG C), liquid to be kept and low-vapor pressure typically require and operate at a lower temperature, and are fluorinated Hydrogen is extremely toxic hazardous chemical, should not operate, therefore laboratory conventional solid-liquid under opening system Separation method can not be used for the solid-liquid separation of liquid fluorinated hydrogen solution.
Filter press, vacuum drum mistake is had for the solid-liquid separating equipment that heterogeneous system is conventional on chemical industry Filter and centrifuge etc..These separation methods are all difficult to provide the environment of low temperature to liquid hydrogen fluoride solution, And can not guarantee that streams closed, in a closed system, is not particularly suited for liquid in operation The separation of hydrogen fluoride solution.
Summary of the invention
Liquid fluorinated hydrogen solution cannot be carried out solid-liquid separation ask in order to solve that above-mentioned prior art exists Topic, it is desirable to provide the segregation apparatus of a kind of liquid fluorinated hydrogen solution and method thereof.
The present invention provides the segregation apparatus of a kind of liquid fluorinated hydrogen solution, including: jacket type seals reactor, Described jacket type is installed with filter membrane sleeve in sealing reactor, described jacket type seals reactor and leads to air Cross the first pipeline to communicate, described first pipeline is provided with the first absorber for absorbing hydrogen fluoride gas; Jacket type seals catcher, and described jacket type is sealed catcher and connected with described drain pipe by the second pipeline; It is arranged at the second absorber for absorbing hydrogen fluoride gas that described jacket type seals the downstream of catcher, Described second absorber and described jacket type seal catcher by the 3rd pipeline connection, described second absorption Device and described drain pipe are by the 4th pipeline connection;And it is arranged at the use in the downstream of described second absorber The pump of negative pressure is produced in sealing reactor and jacket type sealing catcher at described jacket type.
Described first absorber is calcium oxide solid sorbent device, and described second absorber is that KOH solution absorbs Device.
Being provided with PTFE ball valve on described first pipeline, described drain pipe is liquid hydrogen fluoride PFA pipe, It is provided with a PFA needle-valve on described drain pipe, described second pipeline is provided with the 2nd PFA needle-valve, It is provided with negative pressure valve on described 3rd pipeline, described 4th pipeline is provided with PTFE ball valve.
Described jacket type seals the bottom of reactor and is set to inclined plane, is provided with groove at minimum point, One end of described drain pipe is stretched in this groove.
This segregation apparatus also includes vacuum degree control device.
This segregation apparatus also includes magnetic stirring apparatus and PTFE stirrer, and described PTFE stirrer is arranged In described filter membrane sleeve, and described magnetic stirring apparatus is arranged at described jacket type and seals the lower section of reactor.
The present invention also provides for the separation method of a kind of above-mentioned segregation apparatus, including: S1, by the solute of solid-state Put into the inside that jacket type seals the filter membrane sleeve of reactor, open the first pipeline, close drain pipe, so Introducing liquid hydrogen fluoride by feed tube to described filter membrane sleeve afterwards, the insoluble matter in the solute of solid-state is by institute Stating filter membrane sleeve and retain and be placed in filter membrane sleeve, liquid hydrogen fluoride dissolves the solute of described solid-state and is formed Liquid fluorinated hydrogen solution, described liquid fluorinated hydrogen solution may pass through described filter membrane sleeve;S2, opens out liquid Pipe, the second pipeline and the 3rd pipeline, close the 4th pipeline, opens pump, and described liquid fluorinated hydrogen solution leads to Cross drain pipe to flow into described jacket type along described second pipeline and seal in catcher, hydrogen fluoride gas along 3rd pipeline is absorbed by the second absorber;And S3, close pump and the second pipeline, open the 4th pipeline.
This separation method is additionally included in described step S3 and utilizes noble gas to enter jacket type sealing reactor Row purging.
This separation method is additionally included in described step S2 and utilizes vacuum degree control device to control described segregation apparatus Internal vacuum, thus the flowing to described liquid fluorinated hydrogen solution is controlled.
First pass through vacuum degree control device and set the vacuum within described segregation apparatus as 300~400mbar, Described liquid fluorinated hydrogen solution outside described filter membrane sleeve flows into institute by drain pipe along described second pipeline State jacket type to seal in catcher;Then the vacuum within described segregation apparatus is set as 50~100mbar, Described liquid fluorinated hydrogen solution in described filter membrane sleeve flows into institute by drain pipe along described second pipeline State jacket type to seal in catcher.
The segregation apparatus of the present invention retains the insoluble matter in the solute of solid-state in jacket type seals reactor, And obtain the liquid fluorinated hydrogen solution dissolved with solute in jacket type seals catcher, it is successfully realized liquid The solid-liquid separation of hydrogen fluoride solution, wherein, seals reactor and the cooperation of pipeline by jacket type, it is ensured that The process of whole solid-liquid separation realizes in confined conditions.Jacket type is directly sealed catcher by the present invention The downstream being arranged at jacket type sealing reactor utilizes pipeline to carry out solution transfer, thus by liquid hydrogen fluoride Dissolving and liquid fluorinated hydrogen solution to solute separate in a jacket type seals reactor with solute Carry out, reduce the transfer number of liquid hydrogen fluoride, safe ready to greatest extent.The present invention passes through chuck Formula seals reactor and jacket type seals catcher, provides stable to the solid-liquid separation of liquid hydrogen fluoride solution Low temperature environment, it is ensured that fluohydric acid gas is in liquid and vapour pressure less than the 1/3 of atmospheric pressure.The present invention Segregation apparatus be ensure that the absorption of fluohydric acid gas tail gas by absorber, so that it is guaranteed that use this segregation apparatus The safety of operator and environmental protection.The segregation apparatus of the present invention guarantees to be fluorinated hydrogen by the first absorber Body realizes jacket type and seals reactor internal and external pressure balance under conditions of not entering environment, absorb by second Device is avoided in hydrogen fluoride gas suction pump and enters air.In a word, the segregation apparatus of the present invention meets liquid Seal, low temperature properties and Safety and Environmental Protection required by the separating technology of hydrogen fluoride solution.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the segregation apparatus of the liquid fluorinated hydrogen solution of the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, provide presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, and be described in detail.
As it is shown in figure 1, include that jacket type seals according to the segregation apparatus of the liquid fluorinated hydrogen solution of the present invention Reactor 1, jacket type seal catcher the 2, second absorber 3 and pump 4.
Jacket type is installed with filter membrane sleeve 11 in sealing reactor 1, the solute 12 and PTFE stirring of solid-state Son 18 is placed in filter membrane sleeve 11, and liquid hydrogen fluoride 13 is imported into filter membrane sleeve by feed tube 14 The solute 12 in 11 and dissolving solid-state under the effect of PTFE stirrer 18 forms liquid fluorinated hydrogen solution 15, liquid fluorinated hydrogen solution 15 is exported through filter membrane sleeve 11 and by drain pipe 16.It addition, folder Sleeve seal reactor 1 is communicated by the first pipeline 5 with air, and the first pipeline 5 is provided with for inhaling Receive the first absorber 51 and PTFE ball valve 52 of hydrogen fluoride gas.In the present embodiment, this jacket type is close Envelope reactor 1 has jacket type and seals reactor jacket 17.Filter membrane sleeve 11 is clamping PTFE filter membrane Filter membrane sleeve, use double-layer porous PTFE support fix PTFE filter membrane constitute filter membrane sleeve 11, wherein, The aperture of PTFE filter membrane is 6 microns-10 microns (this aperture can be adjusted according to the particle diameter of solute), Filter membrane sleeve is fixed on jacket type by draw-in groove and seals in reactor 1.Jacket type seals the end of reactor 1 Portion is set to inclined plane, is provided with groove at minimum point, and one end of drain pipe 16 is stretched in this groove, Thus liquid fluorinated hydrogen solution is in jacket type seals reactor 1 after reducing solid-liquid separation to greatest extent Residual.This first absorber 51 is calcium oxide solid sorbent device, and the calcium oxide of this built-in block calcium oxide is solid Body absorber can realize jacket type and seal the balance of reactor 1 and ambient pressure, is avoided that again fluohydric acid gas Gas overflowing system enters environment.In the present embodiment, the PTFE stirring being arranged in filter membrane sleeve 11 Son 18 is driven by magnetic stirring apparatus, and this magnetic stirring apparatus is arranged at jacket type and seals the lower section of reactor 1. The solute 12 of solid-state can be made fully to be dissolved in liquid hydrogen fluoride 13 formation liquid by the stirring of stirrer State hydrogen fluoride solution 15.If the volume of the liquid hydrogen fluoride 13 introduced is more than 1L, magnetic force can be used instead Coupling machinery stirs, thus strengthens the stirring and dissolving effect to material.The mode of magnetic couple stirring can be kept away Exempt from the movable sealing problem of puddler and blind flange contact position, it is ensured that the sealing of container, and realize rotating speed can Adjust.
Jacket type is sealed catcher 2 and is connected with drain pipe 16 by the second pipeline 6, comes from jacket type close Liquid fluorinated hydrogen solution 15 in envelope reactor 1 flows into jacket type along the second pipeline 6 and seals catcher 2 In.In the present embodiment, this jacket type sealing catcher 2 has jacket type sealing catcher chuck 21. In the present embodiment, drain pipe 16 is 1/4 inch of liquid hydrogen fluoride PFA pipe, and drain pipe 16 is arranged There is the one 1/4 inch of PFA needle-valve 161.The 2nd 1/4 inch of PFA needle-valve it is provided with on second pipeline 6 61。
Second absorber 3 is arranged at jacket type and seals the downstream of catcher 2 and for absorbing hydrogen fluoride gas, Second absorber 3 is sealed catcher 2 with jacket type and is connected by the 3rd pipeline 7.It addition, second absorbs Device 3 is connected by the 4th pipeline 8 with drain pipe 16.In the present embodiment, this second absorber 3 is KOH solution absorber.Preferably, this second absorber 3 is three dense KOH touries of series connection, Thus avoid, when solid-liquid separation, hydrogen fluoride gas is entered environment.It practice, this second absorber 3 sets It is placed in pump 4 and jacket type seals between reactor 1, it is possible to avoid hydrogen fluoride gas when solid-liquid separation In suction pump so that the gas of extraction is discharged by pump after gas washing.
Negative pressure valve 71 (such as 12mm 316 rustless steel needle-valve), the 4th pipeline it is provided with on 3rd pipeline 7 1/4 inch of PTFE ball valve 81 it is provided with on 8.
Pump 4 is arranged at the downstream of the second absorber 3 and for sealing reactor 1 and jacket type at jacket type Seal and catcher 2 produces negative pressure.In the present embodiment, pump 4 is chemical membrane pump, this chemical membrane Pump is capable of withstanding corrosion.
In the present embodiment, vacuum is also included according to the segregation apparatus of the liquid fluorinated hydrogen solution of the present invention Degree controller 9, thus this vacuum degree control device 9 available sets vacuum and is controlled.Meanwhile, utilize Negative pressure valve 71 on 3rd pipeline 7, can be real by controlling the aperture of this negative pressure valve 71 when solid-liquid separation The manual fine regulation of existing solid-liquid separation speed.
The separation method of the segregation apparatus of the liquid fluorinated hydrogen solution according to the present invention includes:
S1, puts into the solute 12 and PTFE stirrer 18 of solid-state jacket type and seals the filter membrane of reactor 1 The inside of sleeve 11, opens the first pipeline 5, closes drain pipe 16, then by feed tube 14 to filter Membrane cover cylinder 11 introduces liquid hydrogen fluoride 13, and the insoluble matter in the solute 12 of solid-state is retained by filter membrane sleeve 11 And be placed in filter membrane sleeve 11, liquid hydrogen fluoride 13 dissolves the solute 12 of solid-state and forms liquid hydrogen fluoride Solution 15, liquid fluorinated hydrogen solution 15 may pass through filter membrane sleeve 11;
S2, opens drain pipe the 16, second pipeline 6 and the 3rd pipeline 7, closes the 4th pipeline 8, opens pump 4, liquid fluorinated hydrogen solution 15 flows into jacket type by drain pipe 16 along the second pipeline 6 and seals catcher In 2, hydrogen fluoride gas is absorbed along the 3rd pipeline 7 by the second absorber 3;And
S3, closes pump 4 and the second pipeline 6, opens the 4th pipeline 8, utilize noble gas close to jacket type Envelope reactor 1 purges.
Preferably, this separation method comprises the following steps:
Step 1: put into the solute 12 and PTFE stirrer 18 of solid-state to be dissolved in filter membrane sleeve 11, Clips sleeve seal reactor 1, opens PTFE ball valve 52, makes jacket type seal reactor 1 interior with outward Boundary's air is connected, and closes the one 1/4 inch of PFA needle-valve 161, seals the folder of reactor 1 at jacket type It is passed through cold-producing medium in sleeve seal reactor jacket 17 and is cooled to less than 0 DEG C, open magnetic stirring apparatus, Regulation rotating speed is to 300rpm to 500rpm.
Step 2: be passed through a certain amount of liquid hydrogen fluoride 13 in filter membrane sleeve 11, closes PTFE after completing Ball valve 52, after a period of time magnetic agitation is dissolved, then opens PTFE ball valve 52, now, the 1st Inch PFA needle-valve 161 and negative pressure valve 71, all in closed mode, seal the folder of catcher 2 to jacket type It is passed through temperature in coolant makes container in sleeve seal catcher chuck 21 and is less than 0 DEG C.Set vacuum control Device 9 processed is 300~400mbar, starts pump 4, opens the one 1/4 inch of PFA needle-valve 161, keeps 1/4 Inch PTFE ball valve 81 is closed, and opens the 2nd 1/4 inch of PFA needle-valve 61, more slowly opens Open negative pressure valve 71, until the liquid fluorinated hydrogen solution 15 can estimated outside filter membrane sleeve 11 smoothly passes out liquid Pipe 16 enters jacket type and seals catcher 2.
Step 3: gradually drive big negative pressure valve after drain pipe 16 no longer has the liquid stream of liquid fluorinated hydrogen solution 15 71 to standard-sized sheet, until flow through (this again entirely without liquid fluorinated hydrogen solution 15 from drain pipe 16 Time filter membrane sleeve 11 in remain operative liquid hydrogen fluoride solution 15), close negative pressure valve 71, by vacuum Controller 9 is reset to 50~100mbar, the most slowly opens negative pressure valve 71, remains in filter membrane sleeve Liquid fluorinated hydrogen solution 15 in 11 enters jacket type sealing through filter membrane sleeve 11 and by drain pipe 16 Catcher 2, according to the situation that flows through negative pressure valve 71 standard-sized sheet the most at last of liquid fluorinated hydrogen solution 15, until complete Pump 4 is closed after entirely not having liquid to flow through.
Step 4: close after vacuum degree control device 9 display system pressure balances with ambient pressure after closing pump 4 Close the 2nd 1/4 inch of PFA needle-valve 61, open 1/4 inch of PTFE ball valve 81, open vacuum degree control Vent valve on device 9, the temperature that jacket type seals reactor 1 is increased to about 60 DEG C by subzero;Logical Cross feed tube 14 to be passed through argon to system jacket type is sealed the filter membrane sleeve 11 of reactor 1 and drain pipe 16 etc. purge, argon purging pressure 0.1MPa (gauge pressure) left and right, can seal according to concrete jacket type The volume size of reactor 1 sets purge time, and usual purge time is no less than 2 hours.For guaranteeing peace Entirely, whole operating process needs to carry out under conditions of having ventilation.
Above, only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, it is not limited to the scope of the present invention, this Bright above-described embodiment can also make a variety of changes.The most every claims according to the present patent application And the change simple, equivalent made of description and modification, fall within the claim of patent of the present invention Protection domain.The most detailed description of the present invention be routine techniques content.

Claims (10)

1. the segregation apparatus of a liquid fluorinated hydrogen solution, it is characterised in that this segregation apparatus includes:
Jacket type seals reactor (1), and described jacket type is installed with filter membrane sleeve in sealing reactor (1) (11), described jacket type seals reactor (1) to be passed through the first pipeline (5) with air and communicates, and described the The first absorber (51) for absorbing hydrogen fluoride gas it is provided with on one pipeline (5);
Jacket type seals catcher (2), and described jacket type seals catcher (2) by the second pipeline (6) Connect with drain pipe (16);
Be arranged at described jacket type seal catcher (2) downstream for absorbing the second of hydrogen fluoride gas Absorber (3), described second absorber (3) and described jacket type seal catcher (2) by the 3rd Pipeline (7) connects, and described second absorber (3) and described drain pipe (16) are by the 4th pipeline (8) Connection;And
Be arranged at described second absorber (3) downstream for described jacket type seal reactor (1) The pump (4) producing negative pressure in catcher (2) is sealed with jacket type.
Segregation apparatus the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described first absorber (51) For calcium oxide solid sorbent device, described second absorber (3) is KOH solution absorber.
Segregation apparatus the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described first pipeline (5) On be provided with PTFE ball valve (52), described drain pipe (16) be liquid hydrogen fluoride PFA pipe, described in go out It is provided with a PFA needle-valve (161) on liquid pipe (16), described second pipeline (6) is provided with second PFA needle-valve (61), described 3rd pipeline (7) is provided with negative pressure valve (71), described 4th pipeline (8) On be provided with PTFE ball valve (81).
Segregation apparatus the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described jacket type seals reaction The bottom of device (1) is set to inclined plane, is provided with groove at minimum point, described drain pipe (16) One end is stretched in this groove.
Segregation apparatus the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that this segregation apparatus also includes Vacuum degree control device (9).
Segregation apparatus the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that this segregation apparatus also includes Magnetic stirring apparatus and PTFE stirrer (18), described PTFE stirrer (18) is arranged at described filter membrane In sleeve (11), and described magnetic stirring apparatus is arranged at described jacket type and seals the lower section of reactor (1).
7. according to a separation method for the segregation apparatus according to any one of claim 1-6, its feature Being, this separation method includes:
Step S1, puts into the solute (12) of solid-state jacket type and seals the filter membrane sleeve (11) of reactor (1) Inside, open the first pipeline (5), close drain pipe (16), seal reactor (1) at jacket type Jacket type seal reactor jacket (17) in be passed through cold-producing medium and be cooled to less than 0 DEG C, then pass through Feed tube (14) introduces liquid hydrogen fluoride (13), the solute (12) of solid-state to described filter membrane sleeve (11) In insoluble matter retained and be placed in filter membrane sleeve (11) by described filter membrane sleeve (11) in, liquid fluorine Change hydrogen (13) is dissolved the solute (12) of described solid-state and is formed liquid fluorinated hydrogen solution (15), described liquid Hydrogen fluoride solution (15) may pass through described filter membrane sleeve (11);
Step S2, logical seal jacket type sealing catcher chuck (21) of catcher (2) to jacket type in Enter temperature in coolant makes container and, less than 0 DEG C, open drain pipe (16), the second pipeline (6) and the 3rd pipe Road (7), closes the 4th pipeline (8), opens pump (4), and described liquid fluorinated hydrogen solution (15) is passed through Drain pipe (16) flows into described jacket type along described second pipeline (6) and seals in catcher (2), Hydrogen fluoride gas is absorbed along the 3rd pipeline (7) by the second absorber (3);And
Step S3, closes pump (4) and the second pipeline (6), opens the 4th pipeline (8).
Separation method the most according to claim 7, it is characterised in that this separation method is additionally included in Described step S3 utilizes noble gas jacket type seals reactor (1) to purge.
Separation method the most according to claim 7, it is characterised in that this separation method is additionally included in Described step S2 utilize vacuum degree control device (9) control the vacuum within described segregation apparatus, from And the flowing to described liquid fluorinated hydrogen solution (15) is controlled.
Separation method the most according to claim 9, it is characterised in that first pass through vacuum control Device processed (9) sets the vacuum within described segregation apparatus as 300~400mbar, described filter membrane sleeve (11) Outer described liquid fluorinated hydrogen solution (15) is flowed along described second pipeline (6) by drain pipe (16) Enter described jacket type to seal in catcher (2);Then set vacuum within described segregation apparatus as 50~100mbar, the described liquid fluorinated hydrogen solution (15) in described filter membrane sleeve (11) is by going out liquid Pipe (16) flows into described jacket type along described second pipeline (6) and seals in catcher (2).
CN201510305702.5A 2015-06-04 2015-06-04 The segregation apparatus of a kind of liquid fluorinated hydrogen solution and method thereof Active CN104958943B (en)

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CN105645437B (en) * 2016-01-08 2017-04-05 中国科学院上海应用物理研究所 A kind of retracting device and its recovery method of lithium fluoride
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