CN104955638B - 用于制造隔热板材的多层层压板 - Google Patents

用于制造隔热板材的多层层压板 Download PDF

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CN104955638B
CN104955638B CN201380061485.9A CN201380061485A CN104955638B CN 104955638 B CN104955638 B CN 104955638B CN 201380061485 A CN201380061485 A CN 201380061485A CN 104955638 B CN104955638 B CN 104955638B
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multilayer laminate
density polyethylene
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CN104955638A (zh
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马西米利亚诺·费德里西
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种多层层压板(10)，具有由第一层(11)、第二层(12)和第三层(13)构成的三明治结构，第一层(11)由聚合物的混合物制成，聚合物的混合物包括聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯，和选自低密度聚乙烯、中密度聚乙烯和高密度聚乙烯的材料，第二层(12)由上述聚合物的混合物制成，第三层(13)夹在第一层和第二层(11、12)之间，第三层(13)由加入玻璃纤维的上述聚合物的混合物组成。聚合物的混合物包括6重量％至14重量％的低密度聚乙烯、中密度聚乙烯和高密度聚乙烯，剩余的部分是聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯。由于这些特征，本发明中的多层层压板具有可以与玻璃纤维相比的抗腐蚀特性，并具有更好的机械性能，这使其在化学侵蚀性的环境中，能够代替传统玻璃纤维板材，在隔热板材制造中被使用。

Description

用于制造隔热板材的多层层压板
技术领域
本发明一般涉及建筑和建造领域，尤其是用于制造隔热板材的多层层压板。
背景技术
在建筑和建造领域，存在用于制造的屋顶、墙壁和通风地板的已知的隔热板材。板材一般具有三明治结构，其中，由隔热材料(典型地为聚氨酯泡沫)制成的部件密封在两个金属片元件之间。意欲面向外部环境的隔热板材的外部部件一般具有脊部或波纹的波形轮廓，能够美化外观，提高结构强度。意欲面向相反方向(例如内部环境)的内部元件一般为光滑或低起伏的侵蚀轮廓，能够促进隔热板材在支撑结构上的定位和锚定。
众所周知，为了保证由隔热板材组成的覆盖层的表面连续性，外部和内部金属片元件横向突出，例如，在相对侧上，这样就能够达到安装时板材间部分重叠的效果，这保证了相邻的隔热板材间间隙的密封。例如，外部元件的突出部分可能为钩形，通过利用其脊状、波纹状和类似的轮廓，能够形成相邻板材间的联接，而内部元件的突出部分可能成形为形成相邻板材间的支撑表面。
至于在工业建筑(如棚屋和马厩)中的隔热屋顶、墙壁和通风地板的建造中，内部环境由于湿度和腐蚀性物质的存在，具有化学侵蚀性的情况下，通常生产隔热板材，其中内部元件由更适合抗腐蚀的玻璃纤维而不是金属片制成。
专利出版物EP 1690968 A2公开了应用于屋顶建造中的玻璃纤维板材的制造方法，根据该方法，玻璃纤维的混合物和液体粘合剂被应用在非织造聚酯织物的层间，随后进行固化。
和具有由金属片制成的内部元件和外部元件的隔热板材相类似，在化学侵蚀环境中的隔热板材内部玻璃纤维元件从一侧横向突出，因此，能够在安装中获得相邻板材的支撑表面。
众所周知，玻璃纤维是非常脆的材料，必须在加工和安装过程中最大程度上小心处理。在化学侵蚀环境下的隔热板材的情况下，如果板材跌落或不小心处理，内部玻璃纤维元件的横向突出部分可能会容易破碎。此外，玻璃纤维板材的抗弯能力有限，造成由这类隔热板材制造的屋顶具有很差的负载能力。
发明内容
因此，需要找到用于制造化学侵蚀性环境中的隔热板材的内部元件的替代材料，这是本发明的一个目的。
本发明的另一个目的是提供在化学侵蚀性环境中比玻璃纤维更便宜的适合材料。
本发明的解决方案的思想是制造一种包括三明治结构的多层层压板，该三明治结构由聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯和低密度聚乙烯的混合物制成的一对层组成，由加入玻璃纤维的聚合物的混合物制成的层布置在这对层之间。本发明的多层层压板可抵抗化学侵蚀环境，如玻璃纤维，因此特别适用于化学侵蚀环境下隔热板材的制造，而其具有弯曲和冲击强度比玻璃纤维更强的特性，因此能够解决上述的技术问题。
代替低密度聚乙烯，根据本发明的多层层压板可以通过使用中密度聚乙烯和高密度聚乙烯制造。用于聚合物的混合物的材料可以是原生材料或再生材料，在这种情况下能够显著减少多层层压板的制造成本。
本发明提供的重要优点是，与玻璃纤维不同，本发明中的多层层压板在室温下是可塑性变形的，使得在隔热板材的情况下，能够制造和外部元件相似的内部元件，也就是说，通过塑性变形的方法，由此能够得到和金属片制成的完全相似的成形的元件。
本发明提供的另一个优点是，与玻璃纤维不同，本发明中的多层层压板适用于与聚氨酯泡沫的直接粘合，其能够简化隔热板材的制造工艺，并降低其成本。
本发明提供的另一个优点是，多层层压板的材料适合用于冷藏室的隔热板材制造，因为，和玻璃纤维不同，该材料不释放食物有害物质。
附图说明
本领域技术人员能够从参考附图的以下详细和非限制性的实施例的描述清楚根据本发明的多层层压板进一步的优势和特点，其中：
图1是根据本发明的多层层压板的截面示意图；
图2是根据本发明的隔热板材的透视图，隔热板材包括由多层层压板形成的内部元件；
图3是图2中细节III的示意图，示出了应用于图2中的隔热板材中的图1中的多层层压板。
具体实施方式
参考图1，根据本发明，多层层压板10包括第一层11、第二层12和第三层13，第一层11由聚合物的混合物制成，聚合物的混合物包括聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)和低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)，第二层12由该聚合物的混合物制成，第三层13夹在第一层11和第二层12之间。第三层13由加入玻璃纤维的第一层和第二层11、12的聚合物的混合物制成。
代替低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)，聚合物的混合物可以包括中密度聚乙烯(MDPE)和高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)。
三明治结构的多层层压板10通过共挤出和随后的压延成型的过程得到。
形成多层层压板10中独立各层的聚合物的混合物包括6重量％至14重量％的低密度聚乙烯、中密度聚乙烯和高密度聚乙烯中的一种，剩余的部分是聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯。为了使生产过程更便宜，优选的使用相同的聚合物混合物制备三个层11、12和13。需要理解的是，本发明中该条件不是限制性的，多层层压板10中的三个层11、12和13可能是通过不同聚合物的混合物制备的，这属于上面定义的一般性配方。
加入形成第三层13的聚合物的混合物的玻璃纤维的量为8重量％至20重量％，优选为10重量％。
通过常规分配器将玻璃纤维加入意欲形成第三层13的聚合物的混合物，这样使其在挤出机中与聚合物形成均匀混合物。换句话说，玻璃纤维均匀分布在聚合物基体中，形成了第三层13。
聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、低密度聚乙烯、中密度聚乙烯和高密度聚乙烯可能是原生材料，或者有利地是再生材料，这能够降低多层层压板10的制造成本。
根据本发明，多层层压板10中的第三层13的厚度为100微米至1400微米，而第一和第二层11，12的厚度在20微米至80微米之间变化，因此，形成多层层压板10中支撑结构的保护网，即加入玻璃纤维的第三层13，上述保护网适用于防止玻璃纤维向环境中的流失。
本发明的多层层压板10相比于玻璃纤维具有化学耐性特征，因此特别适合用于化学侵蚀环境下的隔热板材的制造。与玻璃纤维相比，根据本发明的多层层压板10具有更好的抗弯曲和冲击性，和具有内部玻璃纤维元件的隔热板材相比，能够制备出具有更高负载能力特征的隔热板材，这对于屋顶和通风地板建造具有根本重要性。
此外，本发明中的多层层压板10在室温下是可塑性变形的。在隔热板材的实例下，可以以处理外部元件类似的方式处理内部元件，即通过从带材原料开始的塑性变形。
参考图2和图3，隔热板材IP包括由金属片(如镀锌涂装的金属片)制成的外部元件20，由根据本发明的多层层压板10所制成的内部元件30，和布置在内部元件30和外部元件20之间且由隔热材料(典型地为聚氨酯泡沫)制成的中间部件40。隔热板材IP在纵向L上延伸，纵向L是外部元件20、内部元件30和中间部件40在隔热板材的制造过程中行进的方向。
金属片外部元件20具有一定形状轮廓，例如脊状，包括多个脊部21，多个脊部21从基准面22大体上在与纵向L相垂直的垂直方向V上延伸。和平面元件的弯曲刚度相比，脊状轮廓为外部元件20提供了更大的弯曲刚度，因此，也为成品隔热板材IP提供了更大的弯曲刚度。
众所周知，为了允许对由聚氨酯泡沫制成的中间部件40的粘附，外部元件20的意欲面向中间部件40的表面需使用能够在固化过程中和聚氨酯泡沫相互作用的特殊胶或底漆处理。
外部元件20从隔热板材IP在横向T上横向突出，横向T与纵向L和垂直方向V相垂直，例如，可能包括钩状部分23，其轮廓例如与脊部21的脊状轮廓对应，以便在安装中允许相邻隔热板材相连接。
和外部元件20相似，根据本发明，由多层层压板10形成的内部元件30，例如，可以具有低起伏轮廓，低起伏轮廓适合提供比平面元件更高的抗弯刚度。例如，在所阐述的实施例中，内部元件30包括多个凹陷31，多个凹陷31从基准面32在垂直方向V上形成为低起伏。
低起伏轮廓，更普遍地说，非平面的轮廓在成品隔热板材IP中也具有观赏性，因为内部元件30从由隔热板材制成的表面覆盖层覆盖结构的内部是大体上可见的。
在多层层压板10中的第一元件11、第二元件12可以具有不同的厚度。例如，第一层11的厚度在20微米至50微米之间，而第二层12的厚度在50微米至80微米之间。该特征在化学侵蚀环境下隔热板材的制造中尤其有利，其中较薄的层作为和聚氨酯泡沫组成的隔热的中间部件的界面，而较厚的层作为和化学侵蚀环境相接的界面，其中，隔热板材被使用，加入玻璃纤维的第三层13作为保护层也被使用。
不同于外部金属片元件20，形成成品隔热板材IP中的内部元件30的多层层压板10能够直接和用于制备中间部件40的聚氨酯粘附，即无须借助于特殊胶或底漆的粘附。
除了通过室温下的塑性变形创建脊状、波纹或类似的轮廓的可能性，根据本发明，多层层压板10可以有利地提供了第一层11和第二层12的外表面的表面处理方法。例如，该表面处理可能为镜面抛光(优选对意欲面向化学侵蚀环境的表面进行)，或带有/不带有图形纹理的粗化处理，这取得了增大意欲与聚氨酯泡沫制成的中间部件40粘附的夹持表面的技术效果。
有利地，多层层压板10的表面处理在制造过程中，通过具有适合的表面纹理的拉伸辊来完成共挤出过程之后的压延步骤而进行。
内部元件30从隔热板材IP在横向T上横向突出，例如，可能包括支撑平板部分33，支撑平板部分33适合使相邻隔热板材在安装中相连接。例如，相对于钩状部分23，平板部分33从板材的相对侧突出。在安装过程中，隔热板材IP的外部元件20的钩状突出部分23与第一相邻隔热板材IP'(未示出)的外部元件的脊部21'接合，而内部元件30的平板部分33为第二相邻隔热板材IP"(未示出)的内部元件30"提供了内部支撑，第二相邻隔热板材IP"的钩状部分23"与隔热板材IP的外部元件20的脊部21接合。
根据本发明，由于多层层压板10在室温下可塑性变形的特征，内部元件30的平板部分33可有利地朝中间部件40自我折叠，因此，能够提升平板部分33的抗弯刚度，对由多个上述隔热板材IP组成的覆盖表面的负载能力有益处。
如图2所示，内部元件30中折叠的翼部优选与其平板表面32间隔开，有利地增大了与形成中间部件40的聚氨酯泡沫的接触面。
为了防止热桥的形成，热桥将对隔热特征产生负面影响，传统隔热板材的外部元件和内部元件是由隔热材料制成的中间部件彼此间隔开的。
中间部件可沿隔热板材侧面在纵向L上通过在制造过程中直接应用的胶带或垫圈被隐藏和保护。
形成根据本发明的多层层压板10的层的聚合物材料的混合物具有很差的热传导性。由于该特性以及室温下进行塑性变形的可能性，为了横向封闭住中间部件40，可以通过内部元件的简单成形，形成具有与两个元件之间的距离对应的高度的横向延伸部而将内部元件30和外部元件20连接。这能够避免粘合剂或垫圈在隔热板材制造中的使用，因为通过对内部元件30的适当成形可能得到相同的结果。该解决方案还能够减少隔热板材的制造成本。
已经参考优选的实施例公开了本发明。需要理解的是，可能存在具有以下权利要求的保护范围限定的相同创新点的其他实施例。

Claims (6)

1.一种多层层压板(10)，包括第一层(11)、第二层(12)和第三层(13)，所述第一层(11)由聚合物的混合物制成，所述聚合物的混合物包括聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯，和选自低密度聚乙烯、中密度聚乙烯和高密度聚乙烯的材料，所述第二层(12)由所述聚合物的混合物制成，所述第三层(13)布置在所述第一层和第二层(11、12)之间，所述第三层(13)由加入了玻璃纤维的所述聚合物的混合物制成，其中，所述聚合物的混合物包括6％(重量百分比)至14％(重量百分比)的低密度聚乙烯、中密度聚乙烯和高密度聚乙烯中的一种，剩余的部分是聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯。
2.根据权利要求1所述的多层层压板(10)，其中，加入形成所述第三层(13)的所述聚合物的混合物的玻璃纤维的量为8％(重量百分比)至20％(重量百分比)。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的多层层压板(10)，其中，所述第一层和第二层(11，12)的厚度为20微米至80微米，所述第三层(13)的厚度为100微米至1400微米。
4.根据权利要求3所述的多层层压板(10)，其中，所述第一层(11)具有20微米至50微米之间的厚度，而所述第二层(12)具有50微米至80微米之间的厚度。
5.根据权利要求1所述的多层层压板(10)，其中，所述第一层和第二层(11，12)的暴露于外部环境的表面设有表面纹理。
6.一种隔热板材(IP)，包括外部金属片元件(20)、由隔热材料制成的中间部件(40)和内部元件(30)，其中所述中间部件(40)布置在所述外部元件(20)和所述内部元件(30)之间，其特征在于，所述内部元件(30)由根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的多层层压板(10)制成。
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