CN104953260B - A kind of broadband planar helical antenna and its design method detecting local discharge of electrical equipment - Google Patents
A kind of broadband planar helical antenna and its design method detecting local discharge of electrical equipment Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of broadband planar helical antenna and its design method for detecting local discharge of electrical equipment, the antenna includes medium substrate and the earth plate and antenna conductor layer that are laid in medium substrate two sides respectively；The antenna conductor layer includes single armed Archimedian screw conducting wire and sinusoidal wave shape spiral conducting line.The design method includes determining basic parameter, the initial track parameter for determining the antenna conductor layer, determines that the initial track of the antenna conductor layer calculates under initial parameter, and the standing-wave ratio and return loss of the antenna determine optimal parameter step.The present invention in such a way that sinusoidal wave shape snail line combines, is not only effectively extended cascade unit, increases frequency bandwidth, but also ensure that good antenna performance using single armed A Ji meter helix.As the sensor of power equipment signal detection, it has multiple detection bands within the scope of 0.3 ~ 3GHZ, has the characteristics that good directionality, bandwidth, is convenient for impedance matching, is small in size.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of broadband planar helical antenna, especially a kind of broadband for detecting local discharge of electrical equipment is flat
Surface helix antenna and its design method belong to power fault detection technical field.
Background technique
Shelf depreciation is generally existing in high-voltage isulation.Partial discharges fault is most common during electric equipment operation
One of failure, Partial Discharge Detection have very important significance.Since there are some bubbles, sky inside high voltage equipment insulation
Gap, impurity and filth etc., dielectric applied voltage height to a certain extent when, generate partial discharge phenomenon.Shelf depreciation dispersion
Occur in atomic small local space, will not generally cause the penetrability breakdown of insulation, but dielectric part can be caused
Damage.If shelf depreciation long-term existence, will lead to insulation breakdown and edge flashing under certain condition.To electrical equipment carry out office
Portion's discharge test is not only able to understand the insulation status of equipment, moreover it is possible to find many related manufacture and installation is asked in time
The reason of inscribing, determining insulation fault and its severity.Partial Discharge Detecting Technology as a kind of nondestructive detection technique,
Electrical equipment fault can be found as early as possible, it is very widely used.
Partial discharge pulse's width is up to 1-2ns when discharging in electrical equipment, can stimulating frequency up to 1GHz's or more
Electromagnetic wave, therefore Partial Discharge Detection can be carried out to electrical equipment with hyperfrequency method.Hyperfrequency method is with higher sensitive
Degree, strong antijamming capability, and shelf depreciation identification and the advantages such as fault location can be completed, become the emphasis studied now it
One.
Currently used for electrical equipment detection partial-discharge ultrahigh-frequency sensor mainly have microstrip antenna, Archimedes's antenna,
Fractal antenna, planar equiangular spiral antenna etc..When microstrip antenna is detected for local discharge of electrical equipment, low frequency letter is detected
Number, there is very high requirement for patch area, implementing has very big difficulty.There are base/low order harmonics for fractal antenna
Narrower bandwidth, adjacent frequency are than fixed, base harmonics gain is slightly lower, polarization purity is low, direction of an electric field is poor, can be few etc. scarce with fractal
Point.Archimedian spiral antenna belongs to flat helical antenna, is not limited by working band theoretically；But volume compared with
Greatly, be not suitable for detecting at the disc insulator of GIS, and received frequency band relative narrower, when detecting local discharge signal, no
With advantage.
Uhf sensor cannot possess wider frequency band and lesser standing-wave ratio at present, give detection local discharge signal band
Carry out undesirable effect.And manufacturing cost is relatively high, causes using not extensive.Therefore it develops a kind of while having good
The antenna that can be used for a variety of power equipment Partial Discharge Detections of antenna performance and lesser volume has very important meaning
Justice.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of broadband planar spiral days for detecting local discharge of electrical equipment
Line and its design method.
The technical solution used in the present invention is:
Technical solution one:
A kind of broadband planar helical antenna detecting local discharge of electrical equipment, is laid in medium by medium substrate and respectively
The earth plate and antenna conductor layer of substrate two sides form；The antenna conductor layer includes single armed Archimedian screw conducting wire and sine
Wavy spiral conducting line.
The track of the single armed Archimedian screw conducting wire is determined by its polar equation:
R=r0+a(ψ-ψ0),ψ0≤ψ≤ψ1 (1)
Wherein r0For the distance between the single armed Archimedian screw conducting wire starting point and origin, a be single armed Ah
The spiral growth rate of base Mead spiral conducting line, ψ0For the initial angle of the single armed Archimedian screw conducting wire, ψ1For single armed Ah
The end angle of base Mead spiral conducting line, r are the polar diameter of the single armed Archimedian screw conducting wire track, and ψ is the single armed A Ji
The polar angle of Mead spiral conducting line track；
The track of the sinusoidal wave shape spiral conducting line is determined by its polar equation:
R'=r1+b(ψ'-ψ1),,ψ1≤ψ'≤ψ2 (2)
Wherein r1=r0+a(ψ1-ψ0) it is the distance between starting point and origin of the sinusoidal wave shape spiral conducting line, b is
The line width of the sinusoidal wave shape spiral conducting line, ψ2For the end angle of the sinusoidal wave shape spiral conducting line, r' is the sinusoidal wave shape
The polar diameter of spiral conducting line track, ψ ' are the polar angle of sinusoidal wave shape spiral conducting line track.
Technical solution two:
A kind of design method applied to antenna described in technical solution one, comprising the following steps:
Step 1: determine basic parameter: the basic parameter includes: feeding classification, the medium substrate material, heat-resisting etc.
The material of grade, thickness, the earth plate and antenna conductor layer；
Step 2: determine the initial track parameter of the antenna conductor layer: the track ginseng of the antenna conductor layer includes described
The distance between single armed Archimedian screw conducting wire starting point and origin r0, the spiral increasing of the single armed Archimedian screw conducting wire
Long rate a, the initial angle ψ of the single armed Archimedian screw conducting wire0With end angle ψ1；Determine the sinusoidal wave shape spiral conducting line
The distance between starting point and origin r1=r0+a(ψ1-ψ0), the line width b of the sinusoidal wave shape spiral conducting line, the sinusoidal wave shape
The end angle ψ of spiral conducting line2；
Step 3: determining the initial track of the antenna conductor layer: as t=ψ-ψ0,t∈[0,ψ1-ψ0], the antenna conductor
The track of layer is the track of the single armed Archimedian screw conducting wire, is determined by following formula:
Wherein, (x, y) is coordinate of the track in rectangular coordinate system of the single armed Archimedian screw conducting wire；
As t=ψ-ψ0,t∈[ψ1-ψ0,ψ2-ψ1], the track of the antenna conductor layer is the sinusoidal wave shape spiral conducting line
Track is determined by following formula:
Wherein, e is constant.
Step 4: calculating under initial parameter, the standing-wave ratio VSWR and return loss S of the antenna11；
Step 5: determining optimal parameter: adjusting the initial parameter, between 0.3~3GHZ, make the echo of the antenna
S is lost11Absolute value reach maximum, the value of standing-wave ratio VSWR reaches minimum.
The beneficial effects of adopting the technical scheme are that
1, the present invention using single armed A Ji meter helix in such a way that sinusoidal wave shape snail line combines, not only can be with
It is effective to extend cascade unit, increase frequency bandwidth, and ensure that good antenna performance.
2, sensor of the present invention as power equipment signal detection has multiple detection bands within the scope of 0.3~3GHZ,
Have the characteristics that good directionality, bandwidth, is convenient for impedance matching, is small in size.
3, the antenna has good detection effect and economic performance when being applied to power equipment Partial Discharge Detection.
Detailed description of the invention
The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention 1；
Fig. 2 is the flow chart of the embodiment of the present invention 2；
Fig. 3 is the standing-wave ratio figure of the embodiment of the present invention 2；
Fig. 4 is the return loss plot of the embodiment of the present invention 2；
Fig. 5 is the three-dimensional and gain schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention 2；
Wherein 1, conductor layer 2, medium substrate 3, earth plate.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment 1:
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of broadband planar helical antenna for detecting local discharge of electrical equipment, by medium substrate and difference
It is laid in the earth plate and antenna conductor layer composition of medium substrate two sides；The antenna conductor layer includes single armed Archimedian screw
Conducting wire and sinusoidal wave shape spiral conducting line.
The track of the single armed Archimedian screw conducting wire is determined by its polar equation:
R=r0+a(ψ-ψ0),ψ0≤ψ≤ψ1 (1)
Wherein r0For the distance between the single armed Archimedian screw conducting wire starting point and origin, a be single armed Ah
The spiral growth rate of base Mead spiral conducting line, ψ0For the initial angle of the single armed Archimedian screw conducting wire, ψ1For single armed Ah
The end angle of base Mead spiral conducting line, r are the polar diameter of the single armed Archimedian screw conducting wire track, and ψ is the single armed A Ji
The polar angle of Mead spiral conducting line track；
The track of the sinusoidal wave shape spiral conducting line is determined by its polar equation:
R'=r1+b(ψ'-ψ1),,ψ1≤ψ'≤ψ2 (2)
Wherein r1=r0+a(ψ1-ψ0), it is the distance between starting point and origin of the sinusoidal wave shape spiral conducting line, b is
The line width of the sinusoidal wave shape spiral conducting line, ψ2For the end angle of the sinusoidal wave shape spiral conducting line, r' is the sinusoidal wave shape
The polar diameter of spiral conducting line track, ψ ' are the polar angle of sinusoidal wave shape spiral conducting line track.
According to helical antenna design principle, helix outer diameter D depends on the corresponding wavelength of the received lower frequency limit of antenna
λmax, generally make its perimeter C=π D >=1.25 λmax, according to input impedance, generally take r0< λmin/4.Spiral growth rate a is smaller,
The radius of curvature of helix is smaller.Outer diameter D under the same conditions, helix total length is big, and end effect is small, band characteristic compared with
It is good.Spiral line width is larger, and input impedance is with regard to lower.The model parameter that antenna is determined in conjunction with above-mentioned calculating process, from
And antenna is designed.Due to r0< λmin/ 4, to assume initial value r0=λmin/ 4, perimeter C=π D >=1.25 λmax, it is assumed that
Initial C=1.25 λmax, so that it is determined that Monobrachial spiral circle number, that is, determine ψ 0, the initial size of ψ 1 and ψ 2, in conjunction with micromation feature
Spiral line width temporarily is set as 1mm, finally carries out parameter adjustment one by one again according to calculated result.
In the present embodiment, the material of the medium substrate is glass-epoxy copper-clad plate flame resistant material, resistance to
Hot grade is FR-4, and with a thickness of 2mm, the material of the earth plate and conductor layer is copper.In order to reduce antenna volume, selection is coaxial
Feeding classification, input impedance are 50 Ω.The parameter of the antenna is as shown in table 1.
After model parameter determines, the present invention is according to the medium substrate and feeding classification of selection, to Wideband plane spiral shell
It revolves antenna and carries out structure design.Above-mentioned local discharge signal in electric power equipment detects antenna, is arranged at the apex drive point of antenna
There is the through-hole through earth plate, medium substrate and conductor layer, can connect coaxial radio-frequency connector.
Wideband flat helical antenna of the invention is the sensor of power equipment signal detection, and the antenna is 0.3
There is fine good directionality with multiple detections band within the scope of~3GHZ, bandwidth, the features such as being convenient for impedance matching, and meanwhile it is opposite
The volume of other Archimedian spiral antennas is also relatively small.The antenna be applied to power equipment Partial Discharge Detection when,
With good detection effect and economic performance.
Technical solution two:
A kind of design method applied to antenna described in technical solution one, comprising the following steps:
Step 1: determine basic parameter: the basic parameter includes feeding classification, the medium substrate material, heat-resisting etc.
The material of grade, thickness, the earth plate and antenna conductor layer；In the present embodiment, the material of the medium substrate set as
Glass-epoxy copper-clad plate flame resistant material, temperature classification FR-4, with a thickness of 2mm, the earth plate and conductor layer
Material be copper；
Step 2: determine the initial track parameter of the antenna conductor layer: the track ginseng of the antenna conductor layer includes described
The distance between single armed Archimedian screw conducting wire starting point and origin r0, the spiral increasing of the single armed Archimedian screw conducting wire
Long rate a, the initial angle ψ of the single armed Archimedian screw conducting wire0With end angle ψ1；Determine the sinusoidal wave shape spiral conducting line
The distance between starting point and origin r1=r0+a(ψ1-ψ0), the line width b of the sinusoidal wave shape spiral conducting line, the sinusoidal wave shape
The end angle ψ of spiral conducting line2；In the present embodiment, the initial track parameter of the antenna conductor layer is as shown in table 1；
Step 3: determining the initial track of the antenna conductor layer: as t=ψ-ψ0,t∈[0,ψ1-ψ0], the antenna conductor
The track of layer is the track of the single armed Archimedian screw conducting wire, is determined by following formula:
Wherein, (x, y) is coordinate of the track in rectangular coordinate system of the single armed Archimedian screw conducting wire；
As t=ψ-ψ0,t∈[ψ1-ψ0,ψ2-ψ1], the track of the antenna conductor layer is the sinusoidal wave shape spiral conducting line
Track is determined by following formula:
Wherein, e is constant.
Step 4: calculating under initial parameter, the standing-wave ratio VSWR and return loss S of the antenna11；
Step 5: determining optimal parameter: adjusting the initial parameter, between 0.3~3GHZ, make the echo of the antenna
S is lost11Absolute value reach maximum, the value of standing-wave ratio VSWR reaches minimum.
As shown in figure 3, the antenna has multiple resonant frequency points within the scope of 300MHz-3GHz, and at resonant frequency point
Bandwidth is all wider.As shown in figure 4, within the scope of 300MHz-300MHz there is good signal to receive characteristic.As shown in figure 5,
The antenna has spherical directionality, can receive the electromagnetic wave signal from all directions, directionality and gain are all compared
It is good.Within the scope of 300MHz-3GHz, antenna parameter takes optimal parameter, S11Absolute value be greater than 35dB, standing-wave ratio VSWR less than 2,
Local discharge signal can preferably be detected.
Table 1
Claims (2)
1. a kind of design method for the broadband planar helical antenna for detecting local discharge of electrical equipment, it is characterised in that: broadband is flat
Surface helix day includes medium substrate and the earth plate and antenna conductor layer that are laid in medium substrate two sides respectively；The antenna conductor
Layer includes single armed Archimedian screw conducting wire and sinusoidal wave shape spiral conducting line；It is equipped with to run through at the apex drive point of the antenna and connect
Floor, medium substrate and antenna conductor layer through-hole, for connecting coaxial radio-frequency connector；The single armed Archimedian screw conducting wire
Track determined by its polar equation:
R=r0+a(ψ-ψ0),ψ0≤ψ≤ψ1 (1)
Wherein r0For the distance between the single armed Archimedian screw conducting wire starting point and origin, a is the single armed Archimedes
The spiral growth rate of spiral conducting line, ψ0For the initial angle of the single armed Archimedian screw conducting wire, ψ1For the single armed Archimedes
The end angle of spiral conducting line, r are the polar diameter of the single armed Archimedian screw conducting wire track, and ψ is the single armed Archimedes spiral shell
Revolve the polar angle of conducting wire track；
The track of the sinusoidal wave shape spiral conducting line is determined by its polar equation:
R'=r1=b (ψ '-ψ1),ψ1≤ψ'≤ψ2 (2)
Wherein r1=r0+a(ψ1-ψ0) be the sinusoidal wave shape spiral conducting line starting point and the distance between origin, b be it is described just
The line width of the wavy spiral conducting line of string, ψ2For the end angle of the sinusoidal wave shape spiral conducting line, r' is that the sinusoidal wave shape spiral is led
The polar diameter of line tracking, ψ ' are the polar angle of sinusoidal wave shape spiral conducting line track；
Design method the following steps are included:
Step 1: determine basic parameter: the basic parameter includes: feeding classification, the medium substrate material, temperature classification, thickness
The material of degree, the earth plate and antenna conductor layer；
Step 2: determine the initial value of the trajectory parameters of the antenna conductor layer: the trajectory parameters of the antenna conductor layer include institute
State the distance between single armed Archimedian screw conducting wire starting point and origin r0, the spiral of the single armed Archimedian screw conducting wire
Growth rate a, the initial angle ψ of the single armed Archimedian screw conducting wire0With end angle ψ1；Determine the sinusoidal wave shape spiral conducting line
Starting point and the distance between origin r1=r0+a(ψ1-ψ0), the line width b of the sinusoidal wave shape spiral conducting line, the sine wave
The end angle ψ of shape spiral conducting line2；
Step 3: determining the initial track of the antenna conductor layer: as t=ψ-ψ0,t∈[0,ψ1-ψ0], the antenna conductor layer
Track is the track of the single armed Archimedian screw conducting wire, is determined by following formula:
Wherein, (x, y) is coordinate of the track in rectangular coordinate system of the single armed Archimedian screw conducting wire；
As t=ψ-ψ0,t∈[ψ1-ψ0,ψ2-ψ1], the track of the antenna conductor layer is the rail of the sinusoidal wave shape spiral conducting line
Mark is determined by following formula:
Wherein, e is constant；
Step 4: calculating under initial parameter, the standing-wave ratio VSWR and return loss S of the antenna11；
Step 5: determining optimal parameter: adjusting the initial parameter, between 0.3~3GHZ, make the return loss of the antenna
S11Absolute value reach maximum, the value of standing-wave ratio VSWR reaches minimum.
2. the design method of the broadband planar helical antenna of detection local discharge of electrical equipment according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that: the initial value of the trajectory parameters for the antenna conductor layer that step 2 determines are as follows: the single armed Archimedian screw is led
The distance between line starting point and origin r0=2mm, the spiral growth rate a=0.6 of the single armed Archimedian screw conducting wire, institute
State the initial angle ψ of single armed Archimedian screw conducting wire0=-π/6 and end angle ψ1=17 π/6；The sinusoidal wave shape spiral conducting line
Line width b=1mm, the end angle ψ of the sinusoidal wave shape spiral conducting line2=21 π/6.
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| WO2019205150A1 (en) * | 2018-04-28 | 2019-10-31 | 深圳市柔宇科技有限公司 | Substrate, electronic device, bonding structure and bonding method therefor |
| CN109917250B (en) * | 2019-04-04 | 2021-04-23 | 华北电力大学（保定） | Multi-frequency-point broadband antenna for detecting partial discharge of electrical equipment and design method thereof |
| CN111273142A (en) * | 2020-03-19 | 2020-06-12 | 上海电力大学 | Transformer partial discharge detection system |
| CN112271443A (en) * | 2020-11-04 | 2021-01-26 | 石家庄铁道大学 | Broadband circularly polarized single-arm Archimedes helical antenna |
| CN113782961B (en) * | 2021-09-19 | 2023-12-15 | 江苏方天电力技术有限公司 | Directional miniaturized multi-frequency-point external antenna and design method thereof |
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| US6525697B1 (en) * | 2001-07-11 | 2003-02-25 | Cisco Technology, Inc. | Archimedes spiral array antenna |
| CN202583404U (en) * | 2012-08-08 | 2012-12-05 | 重庆市电力公司江津供电局 | Built-in small ultra-wideband sensor for detecting local discharge of switch cabinet |
| CN103197217A (en) * | 2013-04-15 | 2013-07-10 | 哈尔滨理工大学 | Ultrahigh frequency sensor for cable partial discharge online monitoring |
| CN103296397B (en) * | 2013-05-07 | 2015-11-18 | 广东电网公司电力科学研究院 | The single-arm Archimedean spiral antenna of balun-free low-section |
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