CN102142608A - Fractal theory based corner reflector antenna - Google Patents
Fractal theory based corner reflector antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN102142608A CN102142608A CN2011100765688A CN201110076568A CN102142608A CN 102142608 A CN102142608 A CN 102142608A CN 2011100765688 A CN2011100765688 A CN 2011100765688A CN 201110076568 A CN201110076568 A CN 201110076568A CN 102142608 A CN102142608 A CN 102142608A
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Abstract
The invention aims at providing a fractal theory based corner reflector antenna comprising conductor layers and a dielectric layer, wherein the conductor layers comprises conductor sections which are connected end to end and provided with angular points, each conductor section is of a fractal structure, two conductor layers are laid on the upper surface of the dielectric layer, the coverage face of each conductor layer on the dielectric layer is a rectangular face, the side length of each coverage face is the side length of the corresponding conductor section, two conductor layers can form any opening angles of 0-180 degrees, the tail ends of the two conductor layers are fixedly connected, and antenna feeding points are arranged on a geometric center of the conductor sections for the fixed connection of the two conductor layers. The fractal theory based corner reflector antenna provided by the invention is a high-gain receiving antenna, meets the basic design requirement that the gain of the antenna is higher than 3dB, has a multi-frequency-range character, and has a resonant frequency range higher than a traditional fractal antenna, wherein the number of the resonant frequency ranges is twice more than that of the traditional fractal antenna; and the corner reflector antenna has the characteristics of omnidirectional property, favorable standing-wave property, low return loss and sensitivity to feeble signals, and has the same gain of signals from all directions.
Description
Technical field
What the present invention relates to is a kind of antenna of miniaturization.
Background technology
Along with constantly advancing of radio communication industry, people are more and more higher to the integrated level requirement of equipment, as GPS, and DRM, 3G system etc.These systems also should have characteristics such as volume is little, in light weight, broadband simultaneously, and this has just proposed requirements at the higher level to the design of system antenna, as multiband, electric small-size, low profile or the like.Yet antenna belongs to the narrowband device category, and its characteristic mainly depends on the ratio of antenna size and system signal wavelength, and when antenna structure fixedly the time, its resonance characteristic, radiation characteristic often depend on the operating frequency of system, and the antenna miniaturization difficulty is big.For addressing this problem, produced the method for designing and the means of many antenna miniaturizations in recent years, mainly comprise:
(1) folding line antenna
The folding line antenna is one of the most frequently used antenna miniaturization design, and the type antenna generally adopts the bending fold method, makes antenna conductor reach specific length in the confined space.It is folding or the like that the bending mode that it adopts mainly contains serpentine, spiral methods, curvature of space.This technology is expanded to two-dimensional space or three dimensions at present, thereby reduces to surround the radius of antenna ball, reaches the purpose of reduction antenna space.On the whole, the radiation efficiency height is the characteristics that the folding line antenna has, but the problem that exists is that antenna working frequency points place radiation impedance is lower, need utilize extra tuning measure and feed coupling.
(2) loaded antenna
Loading technique is the antenna miniaturization method that is most widely used, and has historical than the long hair exhibition.According to the loading position difference, can be divided into antenna forms such as top, middle part, bottom-loaded.Loading method commonly used mainly is resistance, reactance and mixes loading.When the system works frequency is not high, generally adopt the lump loading method; When operating frequency is higher, then adopt distributed resistance to load.In recent years, the type antenna mainly is to adopt ferrite or other dielectric material to load.When signal is ε at dielectric constant
r, magnetic permeability is μ
rMaterial in when propagating, wavelength is equivalent to former wavelength
Doubly.Because antenna height is compared in signal wavelength, so compare with the free space propagation, the ferrite loaded antenna has littler physical size.Loaded the space and material thickness limits, Ferrite Material can't be filled the entire antenna space, and the miniaturization ratio is lower than in engineering is used
In addition, the ferrite antenna high directivity is unfavorable for that omnidirectional receives; Belong to fragile material, broken easily.
(3) fluting
As a kind of ancillary technique of antenna miniaturization, fluting is divided into the antenna surface fluting and ground plate is slotted two kinds, is mainly used in the design of paster antennas such as microstrip antenna, electronic label antenna.Its basic principle is by at antenna itself, or crack on the ground plate, means such as fluting are the antenna surface current path bending of regular shape, are equivalent to increase antenna patch length, have reduced resonance frequency.
(4) left-handed medium antenna
Since 2000, along with the appearance of left-handed medium, paid attention to by people again at the research of antenna loading technique, the left-handed medium loaded antenna becomes the research focus in this field.As a kind of special high performance magnetic material, left-handed medium dielectric constant, magnetic permeability are negative value, and two negative media are otherwise known as.At present, progressively expand to ghz band, THz frequency range at the research of left-handed medium antenna both at home and abroad, constantly have pertinent literature to deliver in recent years by VHF band.But the research at this antenna only rests on theory stage, is not applied to engineering practice as yet.
Compare with other antenna miniaturization means, fractal curve has and utilizes the wireless field curve to fill the characteristics of limited large space, and this curve is used for Antenna Design can increase antenna electrical length greatly, increases antenna radiation resistance.Therefore, fractal antenna is considered to the highest antenna form of degree of miniaturization all the time in recent years, is active in the forward position of antenna research field all the time.
" fractal " notion is at first proposed in 1975 by Mandelbrot, after be widely used in the every field of science and engineering, one of them important branch is exactly a fractal antenna.The theoretical research of fractal antenna at present mainly contains Cantor, Koch, Sierpinski triangle, Peano, Hilbert, fractal ring, fractal tree or the like.Though fractal antenna has such or such advantage, but be applied to engineering practice seldom, its main cause is that fractal antenna generally adopts the thin wire structure, belong to the electronically small antenna category, radiation resistance is less, low excessively in resonance frequency punishment shape antenna gain, be difficult to satisfy the prime design requirement that gain is higher than 3dB as reception antenna.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of improve traditional fractal antenna gained low problem, can satisfy the corner-reflector antenna that general wireless device reception antenna miniaturization Design requires based on fractal theory.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this:
The present invention is based on the corner-reflector antenna of fractal theory, it is characterized in that: comprise conductor layer, dielectric layer, conductor layer comprises the end to end conducting line segment that has angle point, described conducting line segment is a fractal structure, that conductor layer has is two-layer, be laid in the dielectric layer upper surface, the coverage rate of conductor layer on dielectric layer is rectangular surfaces, the length of side of coverage rate is the length of side of conducting line segment, two conductor layers can become any subtended angle between 0～180 degree, two its ends of conductor layer are connected, and the conducting line segment geometric center place that two conductor layers are connected mutually is provided with antenna feed point.
The present invention can also comprise:
1, described conducting line segment is a Copper Foil.
2, tin coating on the described conducting line segment.
3, described dielectric layer is that epoxy resin dielectric plate, dielectric constant are 4.4, and the length of side of dielectric layer is longer than the length of side of conductor layer, and difference range is 2-4mm.
Advantage of the present invention is: degree of miniaturization is better than traditional fractal antenna, having overcome traditional fractal antenna gained low, be difficult to use in the technological difficulties of engineering practice, it is a kind of high-gain reception antenna, satisfy the prime design requirement that antenna gain is higher than 3dB, have the multiband characteristic, the antenna resonance frequency range is higher than traditional fractal antenna, and the resonance band number is the twice of traditional fractal antenna under the same terms; Have the omni-directional characteristics, to having identical gain from all directions signal, stationary wave characteristic is good, and return loss is low, is sensitive to small-signal.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a conventional angular reflector antenna structural representation;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the present invention of example for, subtended angle fractal with three rank 45 degree based on the fractal corner-reflector antenna of Hilbert;
Fig. 3 be three rank fractal, 180 the degree subtended angles based on the fractal corner-reflector antenna structural representation of Hilbert;
Fig. 4 be three rank fractal, 180 the degree subtended angles based on the fractal corner-reflector antenna side schematic view of Hilbert;
Fig. 5 be three rank fractal, 180 the degree subtended angles based on the fractal corner-reflector antenna scheme of installation of Hilbert;
Fig. 6 is that three rank are fractal, the return loss schematic diagram based on the fractal corner-reflector antenna of Hilbert of 180 degree subtended angles;
Fig. 7 is that three rank are fractal, the stationary wave characteristic schematic diagram based on the fractal corner-reflector antenna of Hilbert of 180 degree subtended angles;
Fig. 8 is that three rank are fractal, the E face normalized radiation pattern based on the fractal corner-reflector antenna first resonance frequency place of Hilbert of 180 degree subtended angles;
Fig. 9 is that three rank are fractal, the H face normalized radiation pattern based on the fractal corner-reflector antenna first resonance frequency place of Hilbert of 180 degree subtended angles.
Embodiment
For example the present invention is done description in more detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing:
In conjunction with Fig. 1～9, be illustrated in figure 1 as conventional angular reflector antenna basic block diagram, corner-reflector antenna comes down to utilize the mirror image theory, and ad-hoc location is placed reflecting plate behind original driving source, thereby forms the driving source mirror image, improves antenna gain.Low owing to gained is that traditional fractal antenna is difficult to the engineering key in application, therefore the corner-reflector antenna design philosophy is introduced fractal antenna and can improve this problem to a certain extent, accelerates fractal antenna engineering application process.
As Fig. 2 to shown in Figure 5, wherein Fig. 2 be 45 degree subtended angles based on the fractal corner-reflector antenna structure of Hilbert, Fig. 3 to Fig. 5 is respectively 180 degree subtended angles based on the fractal corner-reflector antenna structure chart of Hilbert, end view, and scheme of installation.The antenna structure that Fig. 2 to Fig. 5 provides there is no remarkable difference except that subtended angle and fractal exponent number, so unification of the present invention sets forth, and is that example is carried out the antenna performance explanation with 180 degree subtended angle antennas finally.The present invention includes dielectric layer 1, conductor layer 2 and ground plate 4.Conductor layer 2 depends on dielectric layer so that install, and is laid in dielectric layer 1 surface in the present invention, and ground plate 4 is positioned over conductor layer 2 and ground plate 4 belows.Conductor layer 2 comprise many end to end, have the bending wire section 22 of angle point, conducting line segment 22 constitutes three rank reception antenna elements according to three rank Hilbert fractal curves designs.The coverage rate of conductor layer 2 on dielectric layer 1 is rectangular surfaces, and the coverage rate length of side is the length of side of conductor layer 2, and distributing point 3 is arranged on the conducting line segment 22.In this example, conducting line segment 22 materials are Copper Foil, for anti-oxidation, prolong antenna useful life, are coated with the tin layer on conducting line segment 22; Dielectric layer 1 adopts the epoxy resin dielectric plate, and dielectric constant is 4.4, and dielectric layer 1 length of side is slightly larger than conductor layer 2 length of sides, and difference range is 2～4mm more.
Describe with 180 degree subtended angle antennas in this example.Its conductor layer 2 is a rectangular configuration, long 150mm, and wide 70mm, fine structure ratio are 5, the thickness of dielectric layer 1 is 1mm.
Fig. 6 is that three rank are fractal, and 180 degree subtended angles are based on the fractal corner-reflector antenna return loss schematic diagram of Hilbert.As shown in Figure 6, under this condition, co-exist in 6 resonance band in the antenna, the resonance frequency is respectively 161MHz, 298MHz, 421MHz, 569MHz, 711MHz and 841MHz, relative bandwidth is respectively 12.78%, 10.23%, 11.54%, 9.91%, 10.46%, 11.3%, and return loss all is higher than 6dB.This shows that in first three resonance band, antenna can be used as the systems radiate antenna element and uses; In back three frequency ranges, also satisfy the prime design requirement that reception antenna return loss is not less than 6dB, can be used as system's reception antenna and use.For the corner-reflector antenna based on fractal theory, antenna performance is limited by all multifactor impacts such as Outside Dimensions, fractal exponent number, fine structure, feed placement, dielectric plate, should take all factors into consideration during design, determines to be fit to the antenna structure of system requirements.
It is fractal that Fig. 7 has provided three rank, and 180 degree subtended angles are based on the fractal corner-reflector antenna stationary wave characteristic of Hilbert.Generally speaking, antenna standing wave ratio is good less than 1.5 proof antennas, feeder line coupling.As seen from Figure 7, at the first resonance frequency place, antenna standing wave ratio (VSWR) has reached 1.06, illustrates that this example antenna has good stationary wave characteristic.
Fig. 8, Fig. 9 are respectively the first antenna E of the resonance frequency place face, H face directional diagram.As seen from the figure, antenna has the omni-directional characteristics among the present invention, and antenna gain reaches 3.3dB, meets the reception antenna design standard.
Preparation method based on the corner-reflector antenna of fractal theory among the present invention mainly may further comprise the steps:
(1) calculates the fractal antenna resonance frequency according to correlation formula, to determine the fractal exponent number of antenna, Outside Dimensions, ground plate and dielectric layer relevant parameter.
(2) utilize the optimization of Electromagnetic Calculation software emulation, specifically determine final Antenna Design parameter; Parameter mainly comprises: fine structure ratio, dielectric-slab thickness, medium dielectric constant, feed placement etc.Select CST microwave laboratory as simulation software among the present invention.
(3) designing printed circuit board, and obtain corner-reflector antenna based on fractal theory by process for manufacturing circuit board.
(4) zinc-plated to corner-reflector antenna conducting line segment based on fractal theory.
In step (3), this example concrete operations content mainly comprises: according to gained result in step (1), (2), utilize Protel software draw PCB figure, output to self-adhesive paper through impact printer, then self-adhesive paper is attached in the copper-clad plate that is fit to size (copper-clad plate is clean), use cut paper blade bar profile along the line to cut out, need corrode the part paper slip tears off, drop into corrosion (selecting ferric trichloride among the present invention for use) in the chemical solution, after 30～60 minutes printed circuit board (PCB) is taken out cleaning, dries, promptly finish making.
Same, the making of printed circuit board (PCB) can be finished by other modes equally in the step (3).
Cps in the accompanying drawing is MHz.
Claims (5)
1. based on the corner-reflector antenna of fractal theory, it is characterized in that: comprise conductor layer, dielectric layer, conductor layer comprises the end to end conducting line segment that has angle point, described conducting line segment is a fractal structure, that conductor layer has is two-layer, be laid in the dielectric layer upper surface, the coverage rate of conductor layer on dielectric layer is rectangular surfaces, the length of side of coverage rate is the length of side of conducting line segment, two conductor layers can become any subtended angle between 0～180 degree, two its ends of conductor layer are connected, and the conducting line segment geometric center place that two conductor layers are connected mutually is provided with antenna feed point.
2. the corner-reflector antenna based on fractal theory according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described conducting line segment is a Copper Foil.
3. the corner-reflector antenna based on fractal theory according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: tin coating on the described conducting line segment.
4. the corner-reflector antenna based on fractal theory according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: described dielectric layer is that epoxy resin dielectric plate, dielectric constant are 4.4, and the length of side of dielectric layer is longer than the length of side of conductor layer, and difference range is 2-4mm.
5. the corner-reflector antenna based on fractal theory according to claim 3 is characterized in that: described dielectric layer is that epoxy resin dielectric plate, dielectric constant are 4.4, and the length of side of dielectric layer is longer than the length of side of conductor layer, and difference range is 2-4mm.
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| CN2011100765688A CN102142608A (en) | 2011-03-29 | 2011-03-29 | Fractal theory based corner reflector antenna |
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| CN2011100765688A CN102142608A (en) | 2011-03-29 | 2011-03-29 | Fractal theory based corner reflector antenna |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102916247A (en) * | 2012-10-12 | 2013-02-06 | 重庆大学 | Hilbert fractal antenna array for ultra-high-frequency detection of partial discharge |
| CN103078186A (en) * | 2013-02-05 | 2013-05-01 | 思创网联（北京）科技发展有限公司 | Corner reflection unit and control method |
| CN103134906A (en) * | 2013-01-24 | 2013-06-05 | 河海大学 | Coarse particle contraction rule method based on fractal theory |
| CN106450716A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-02-22 | 重庆大学 | Fractal structure monopole antenna |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RU2288528C1 (en) * | 2005-07-25 | 2006-11-27 | Федеральное государственное унитарное предприятие "Воронежский научно-исследовательский институт связи" | Enhanced-gain corner antenna |
| CN101557035A (en) * | 2009-05-20 | 2009-10-14 | 重庆大学 | Local discharge ultrahigh-frequency detection fractal antenna and preparation method thereof |
-
2011
- 2011-03-29 CN CN2011100765688A patent/CN102142608A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RU2288528C1 (en) * | 2005-07-25 | 2006-11-27 | Федеральное государственное унитарное предприятие "Воронежский научно-исследовательский институт связи" | Enhanced-gain corner antenna |
| CN101557035A (en) * | 2009-05-20 | 2009-10-14 | 重庆大学 | Local discharge ultrahigh-frequency detection fractal antenna and preparation method thereof |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102916247A (en) * | 2012-10-12 | 2013-02-06 | 重庆大学 | Hilbert fractal antenna array for ultra-high-frequency detection of partial discharge |
| CN102916247B (en) * | 2012-10-12 | 2015-11-18 | 重庆大学 | Hilbert fractal antenna array for ultra-high-frequencydetection detection of partial discharge |
| CN103134906A (en) * | 2013-01-24 | 2013-06-05 | 河海大学 | Coarse particle contraction rule method based on fractal theory |
| CN103134906B (en) * | 2013-01-24 | 2015-03-04 | 河海大学 | Coarse particle contraction rule method based on fractal theory |
| CN103078186A (en) * | 2013-02-05 | 2013-05-01 | 思创网联（北京）科技发展有限公司 | Corner reflection unit and control method |
| CN103078186B (en) * | 2013-02-05 | 2015-06-10 | 北京芯同汇科技有限公司 | Corner reflection unit and control method |
| CN106450716A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-02-22 | 重庆大学 | Fractal structure monopole antenna |
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