CN104953033B - A kind of organic solar batteries of light wave conversion and absorbing material blending - Google Patents
A kind of organic solar batteries of light wave conversion and absorbing material blending Download PDFInfo
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- CN104953033B CN104953033B CN201510379794.1A CN201510379794A CN104953033B CN 104953033 B CN104953033 B CN 104953033B CN 201510379794 A CN201510379794 A CN 201510379794A CN 104953033 B CN104953033 B CN 104953033B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H10K30/00—Organic devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/30—Coordination compounds
- H10K85/371—Metal complexes comprising a group IB metal element, e.g. comprising copper, gold or silver
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/549—Organic PV cells
Abstract
A kind of organic solar batteries of light wave conversion and absorbing material blending, include clear glass substrate, transparent front electrode, hole transmission layer, electron transfer layer, back electrode successively, it is provided between hole transmission layer and electron transfer layer and absorbs blended layer and electron acceptor layer, or it is provided only with active blended layer, transparent front electrode is positive pole, and back electrode is negative pole；Electron donor not only directly absorbs the sunshine through transparent substrates and preceding electrode in the blended layer, also carries out double absorption to conversion light caused by light wave transition material；Wherein, the photon that wavelength is located in the strong absorption bands of electron donor is directly absorbed and for exciting electron donor ground state molecule, the various light wave transition materials that extra photon is then doped absorb and be converted into the light wave that electron donor can largely absorb；The transition material of the present invention is more fully contacted with light absorbent, and conversion light is utilized so as to effectively absorb.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of solar cell device, and in particular to a kind of light wave conversion is organic with absorbing material blending
Solar cell.
Background technology
It is renewable with a series of societies and environmental problem caused by the increasingly depleted of fossil energy and its a large amount of use
Clean energy resource development and utilization have become when it is next be badly in need of explore problem.Solar photovoltaic technology and product
Grown at top speed in the world, turn into most potential clean energy resource.Among these, organic solar batteries are due to it
Cost is cheap, and processing technology is simple, light weight, the features such as can be made into flexible foldable product and receive much concern.
How to efficiently absorb that the solar energy of each wave band is that all kinds of solar cells all suffer from one great to ask
Topic.Because the Energy distribution of sunshine spectrum is wider, and in general dye molecule only has a main absworption peak, only this main suction
Receive the wave band near peak and be only strong absorption bands.In theory, knot lamination solar cell more can efficiently solve this problem.
But lamination solar cell remains problems, such as more cumbersome processing technology, it is difficult to finds suitable centre
Layer material etc..
Compared to more knot lamination solar cells, the structure and technique of unijunction solar cell are simpler, and cost is more
It is cheap.By rational structure design, unijunction solar cell can also efficiently absorb the solar energy of each wave band.It is photic
Luminescent material can absorb the light of certain wavelength, and by the energy conversion of absorption into the light radiation with different wave length.Therefore, in list
Suitable embedded photoluminescent material is introduced in joint solar cell, can absorb active material (i.e. electron donor) can not fully absorb
Sunshine wave band, and convert thereof into suitable wave band and double absorption carried out by active material, so as to improve the profit of sunshine
Use efficiency.
Embedded photoluminescent material includes lower transition material (being usually Stokes luminescent material) and up-conversion.Lower conversion
Luminescent material is excited by the light of high-energy and sends the light of low energy, thus the light of short wavelength is converted into the light of long wavelength.
Up-conversion is then in contrast.Therefore, by adding suitable transition material, absorption spectra can be extended to both sides.At present
In existing some related trials, such as grant number CN201904364U patent of invention, author the first n-type semiconductor layer with
One infrared light conversion layer is set between the second electrode to convert infrared light to visible ray, and proposes the material of the conversion layer
Expect for lanthanide series rare-earth elements.In publication No. CN103378182A patent of invention, author sets a light wave to change in outer surface
Layer, absorbed completing light wave with after conversion, being scattered to by metal material by the conversion light and secondary suction being carried out in solar cell
Receive.In summary, current technology is typically all to increase by a light-wave conversion layer outside original solar cell stratiform structure.It is right
In the structure that this light-wave conversion layer and absorbed layer separate, substantial amounts of conversion light can be caused not absorbed the distance between two layers
Layer effectively utilizes.By reflection, the technology of refraction or scattering can improve the utilization rate of conversion light, but can so cause to tie
Structure and technique it is cumbersome, light wave there may be substantial amounts of loss in further communication process in addition.
When light wave transition material is in the encirclement of absorbing material, conversion light can be as much as possible by absorbing material profit
With.But current technology passes through oxide and sulfide frequently with rare earth metal or other metals as transition material (example
Such as grant number CN201904364U patent of invention).And the dissolubility of this kind of material is very undesirable, it is extremely difficult to absorbing material shape
Into mixed heterojunction structure.In addition, these inorganic material are through being commonly formed tens nanometers of particle, and organic solar batteries
Active layer sometimes also only have tens nanometer thickness.In this case, these inorganic material particles are possible to penetrate active layer and straight
The electrons transport layer even electrode at both ends is touched, causes the failure of whole battery device.
The content of the invention
The defects of in order to overcome above-mentioned prior art, it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of conversion of light wave and absorbing material
The organic solar batteries of blending, different from the technology in the past using the light-wave conversion layer being separately separated, light wave turns in the present invention
Conversion materials and absorbing material are blended to form uniform individual layer mixed structure, and in blended layer, transition material and light absorbent are more
Fully contact, conversion light is utilized so as to effectively absorb.
In order to achieve the above object, technical solution of the present invention is：
The organic solar batteries of a kind of conversion of light wave and absorbing material blending, successively including clear glass substrate, transparent
Preceding electrode, hole transmission layer, electron transfer layer, back electrode, absorption is provided between hole transmission layer and electron transfer layer altogether
Mixed layer and electron acceptor layer, or active blended layer is provided only with, transparent front electrode is positive pole, and back electrode is negative pole.
Described absorption blended layer is made up of light wave transition material and electron donor, and wherein electron donor is simultaneously again as suction
Luminescent material.
Described active blended layer is then made up of light wave transition material, electron donor and electron acceptor, and wherein electronics is given
Body is as light absorbent.
Described light wave transition material is that can be dissolved in electron donor and electron acceptor material in same solvent
Organic or high-molecular optical electroluminescent material, including complex 1 or complex 2, as described in following formula：
The electron donor includes P3HT, and its structural formula is as follows：
Electron acceptor includes PCBM, and its structural formula is as follows：
The invention is characterized in that with blended layer (for Fig. 1 to absorb blended layer, Fig. 2 is active blended layer).The blended layer
Middle electron donor not only directly absorbs the sunshine through transparent substrates and preceding electrode, also to conversion caused by light wave transition material
Light carries out double absorption.Among these, the photon that wavelength is located in the strong absorption bands of electron donor is directly absorbed and for swashing
Electron donor ground state molecule is sent out, the various light wave transition materials that extra photon is then doped absorb and are converted into electron donor
The light wave that can largely absorb.
One or more kinds of light wave transition materials are introduced in the blended layer, equal in a disguised form adding one to absorbing material
Or multiple new absworption peaks.So that the unijunction solar cell has as binode or more knot lamination solar cells
The effect of broadband absorption, at the same turn avoid binode and more knot lamination solar cells to need to introduce one or more new
Complicated technology caused by battery unit.For absorb to greatest extent the energy of sunshine spectrum provide it is a kind of simple efficient
Method.
Light wave transition material of the present invention can preferably be dissolved in same molten with electron donor and electron acceptor material
Organic or high-molecular optical electroluminescent material in agent, such as complex 1 or complex 2.They have conventional light wave to turn
The advantages of changing not available for technology.First, the water-soluble and fat-soluble of luminous organic material by substituent and can add lustre to
Species is rolled into a ball to regulate and control.It is possible thereby to suitable solubility than their mixed solutions with other materials.For example, by spin coating, spray
The solution such as ink print or volume to volume processing technology can obtain uniform blended layer.Secondly, it is all the light wave turn of organic material
Change the compatibility of agent and solar cell active material (such as electron donor P3HT and electron acceptor PCBM shown in figure below) more
It is good, while their property is also similar with processing technology.Again, organic and high-molecular compound species is various, MOLECULE DESIGN
Flexibly, property adjustability is good, and abundant source is provided for the selection of light wave transition material.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the solar battery structure of the present invention that blended layer is absorbed with binary.
Fig. 2 is the solar battery structure of the present invention with ternary active blended layer.
Fig. 3 is one embodiment of the present of invention.
Embodiment
The implementation example of the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Reference picture 1, the organic solar batteries of a kind of light wave conversion and absorbing material blending, successively including clear glass base
Bottom, transparent front electrode, hole transmission layer, absorb blended layer, electron acceptor layer, electron transfer layer, back electrode, wherein electricity before transparent
Extremely positive pole, back electrode are negative pole.
Reference picture 2, the organic solar batteries of a kind of light wave conversion and absorbing material blending, successively including clear glass base
Bottom, transparent front electrode, hole transmission layer, active blended layer, electron transfer layer, back electrode, transparent front electrode are positive pole, back electrode
For negative pole.
Structure is distinguished as shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2：In structure shown in Fig. 1, light wave transition material forms binary with electron donor
Blended layer is absorbed, the absorption blended layer forms double-decker with electron acceptor again.In structure shown in Fig. 2, light wave transition material,
Electron donor directly forms ternary active blended layer together with electron acceptor.
Described absorption blended layer is made up of light wave transition material and electron donor, among these electron donor conduct again simultaneously
Light absorbent.
Described active blended layer is then made up of light wave transition material, electron donor and electron acceptor, and wherein electronics is given
Body is as light absorbent.
Described light wave transition material both can be one or more lower transition materials, usually the luminous material of Stokes
Material, or one or more up-conversions, or the combination of two class materials above.
The operation principle of the present invention：The blended layer directly absorbs the sunshine through transparent substrates and preceding electrode, also right
Conversion light caused by light wave transition material carries out double absorption.Among these, wavelength is located in the strong absorption bands of electron donor
Photon is directly absorbed and for exciting electron donor ground state molecule, the various light wave transition materials that extra photon is then doped
Absorb and be converted into the light wave that electron donor can largely absorb.
As shown in figure 3, Fig. 3 is an implementation example with the solar battery structure for absorbing blended layer, including it is transparent
Substrate of glass, transparent front electrode, hole transmission layer, absorption blended layer, electron acceptor layer, electron transfer layer and back electrode.
Described clear glass substrate supports whole solar cell as base, and sunshine also enters since this layer
Penetrate.
Positive pole of the described transparent front electrode as solar cell, using ITO conducting films, (indium tin oxide transparent is conductive
Film), it can be plated on glass by sputtering or evaporation technology.
Described hole transmission layer is then using the PEDOT being widely used:PSS macromolecule conducting materials (3,4- second
Support the mixture of dioxy thiophene polymer and poly styrene sulfonate), the layer can pass through spin coating, ink jet printing or volume to volume
The film of 20-200 nanometers is obtained Deng solution processing technology.
Described absorption blended layer is made up of light wave transition material and electron donor, and wherein light wave conversion agent, which uses, has height
Quantum efficiency and energy launch wavelength are the organic metal embedded photoluminescent material of 500-600 nanometers.Such as Seth B.Harkins,
Jonas C.Peters, A Highly Emissive Cu2N2Diamond Core Complex Supported by a
[PNP]-Reported in Ligand, Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2005,127,2030-2031
The material (structure below figure, complex 1) in road, luminous efficiency is up to 68%, 440 nanometers of light wave can be converted into 560 and received
The light wave of rice.Or Alexander J.M.Miller, Jillian L.Dempsey, Jonas C.Peters, Long-Lived
And Efficient Emission from Mononuclear Amidophosphine Complexes of Copper,
Inorganic Chemistry, the material (structure below figure, complex 2) reported in 2007,46,7244-7246, light
430 nanometers of light wave can be converted into 500 nanometers of light wave up to 70% by efficiency high.
Described electron donor then uses P3HT (structural formula is as follows), and P3HT strong absorption bands is located at 500-600
The range of wavelengths of nanometer；Either complex 1 still No. 2, after the blended layer of 20-200 nanometer thickness is formed with P3HT, all may be used
So as to 400 nanometers are extended between the strongly absorbing region of battery.
Described electron acceptor is then using the PCBM being widely used (structural formula is as follows).The light wave conversion
Material, electron donor and electron acceptor all have good dissolubility.Therefore absorb blended layer and electron acceptor layer can
By spin coating, the solution processing technology such as ink jet printing or volume to volume obtains the film of 20-200 nanometers.
Described electron transfer layer is the calcium layer of the 20-200 nanometer thickness obtained by vacuum evaporation；
Described back electrode is the aluminium lamination for the 20-200 nanometer thickness that vacuum evaporation obtains, its negative pole and protection as battery
Layer.
The implementation example of the present invention is the foregoing is only, is not intended to limit the invention.For this area
For professional and technical personnel, the present invention can have various modifications and variations.Within the spirit and principles of the invention, made
Any modification, equivalent substitution and improvements etc., should be included in the scope of the protection.
Claims (4)
1. the organic solar batteries of a kind of light wave conversion and absorbing material blending, it is characterised in that successively including clear glass
Substrate, transparent front electrode, hole transmission layer, electron transfer layer, back electrode, set between hole transmission layer and electron transfer layer
Have and absorb blended layer and electron acceptor layer, or be provided only with active blended layer, transparent front electrode is positive pole, and back electrode is negative
Pole；
Described absorption blended layer is made up of light wave transition material and electron donor, and wherein electron donor is used as extinction material again simultaneously
Material；
Described active blended layer is then made up of light wave transition material, electron donor and electron acceptor, and wherein electron donor is made
For light absorbent；
Described light wave transition material is that can be dissolved in having in same solvent with electron donor and electron acceptor material
Machine or high-molecular optical electroluminescent material, including complex 1 or complex 2, as described in following formula：
。
2. organic solar batteries according to claim 1, it is characterised in that it is characterized in that：Can be a kind of or more
Transition material under kind, can be one or more up-conversions, or the combination of two class materials above.
3. organic solar batteries according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the electron donor includes P3HT, and it is tied
Structure formula is as follows：
4. organic solar batteries according to claim 1, it is characterised in that electron acceptor includes PCBM, its structural formula
It is as follows：
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