CN104953033A - Organic solar cell adopting blending of optical wave conversion and absorption materials - Google Patents
Organic solar cell adopting blending of optical wave conversion and absorption materials Download PDFInfo
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- CN104953033A CN104953033A CN201510379794.1A CN201510379794A CN104953033A CN 104953033 A CN104953033 A CN 104953033A CN 201510379794 A CN201510379794 A CN 201510379794A CN 104953033 A CN104953033 A CN 104953033A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/549—Organic PV cells
Abstract
An organic solar cell adopting blending of optical wave conversion and absorption materials sequentially comprises a transparent glass substrate, a transparent front electrode, a hole transport layer, an electron transport layer and a back electrode, wherein an absorption blending layer and an electron acceptor layer are arranged between the hole transport layer and the electron transport layer, or only an active blending layer is arranged between the hole transport layer and the electron transport layer, the transparent front electrode is a positive electrode, and the back electrode is a negative electrode; an electron donor in the blending layer directly absorbs sunlight penetrating through the transparent substrate and the front electrode and also secondarily absorbs converted light generated by the optical wave conversion material; photons with wavelength in a strong absorption wave band of the electron donor are directly absorbed and used for exciting ground state molecules of the electron donor, and additional photons are absorbed by various doped optical wave conversion materials and are converted into optical waves capable of being massively absorbed by the electron donor. The conversion material and the light absorption material are more sufficiently contacted, and the converted light can be effectively absorbed and utilized.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of solar cell device, be specifically related to the organic solar batteries that the conversion of a kind of light wave is blended with absorbing material.
Background technology
Along with the day by day exhausted of fossil energy uses with it a series of society and environmental problem that bring in a large number, the development and utilization of reproducible clean energy resource has become when the next problem being badly in need of exploring.Solar photovoltaic technology and product obtain rapid growth in the world, become the clean energy resource of most potentiality.This wherein, organic solar batteries is with low cost due to it, and processing technology is simple, and quality is light, can be made into the features such as flexible foldable product and receives much concern.
The solar energy how absorbing each wave band is efficiently the significant problem that all kinds of solar cell all faces.Because the Energy distribution of sunlight spectrum is wider, and general dye molecule only has a main absworption peak, only has the wave band near this main absworption peak to be only strong absorption bands.In theory, many knot lamination solar cells can address this problem effectively.But lamination solar cell still also exists problems, such as more loaded down with trivial details processing technology, is difficult to find suitable intermediate layer material etc.
Compared to tying lamination solar cell, the Structure and energy of unijunction solar cell is more simple, and cost is cheaper more.By rational structural design, unijunction solar cell also can absorb the solar energy of each wave band efficiently.Embedded photoluminescent material can absorb the light of certain wavelength, and the energy conversion of absorption is become to have the light radiation of different wave length.Therefore, suitable embedded photoluminescent material is introduced in unijunction solar cell, the sunlight wave band that active material (i.e. electron donor) can not fully absorb can be absorbed, and convert thereof into applicable wave band and carry out double absorption by active material, thus improve the utilization ratio of sunlight.
Embedded photoluminescent material comprises lower transition material (being generally Stokes luminescent material) and up-conversion.Down-conversion luminescent material is subject to high-octane optical excitation and sends low-energy light, thus the light of short wavelength is converted to the light of long wavelength.Up-conversion then in contrast.Therefore, by adding suitable transition material, absorption spectra can be expanded to both sides.More existing relevant trials at present, such as, in the patent of invention of grant number CN201904364U, author arranges an infrared light conversion layer in order to infrared light is converted to visible ray between the first n-type semiconductor layer and this second electrode, and the material proposing this conversion layer is lanthanide series rare-earth elements.In the patent of invention of publication No. CN103378182A, author arranges a light-wave conversion layer at outer surface, complete light wave absorb with conversion after, by metal material this convert light scattered in solar cell and carries out double absorption.In sum, current technology is all generally increase by a light-wave conversion layer outward in original solar cell stratiform structure.For the structure that this light-wave conversion layer is separated with absorbed layer, the distance between two-layer can cause a large amount of convert light effectively to utilize by absorbed layer.By reflection, the technology of refraction or scattering can improve the utilance of convert light, but can cause the loaded down with trivial details of Structure and energy like this, and light wave may exist a large amount of losses in further communication process in addition.
When light wave transition material is in the encirclement of absorbing material, convert light can be utilized by absorbing material as much as possible.But current technology often adopts the oxide of rare earth metal or other metal and sulfide as transition material (patent of invention of such as grant number CN201904364U).And the dissolubility of this kind of material is very undesirable, extremely difficult and absorbing material forms mixed heterojunction structure.In addition, these inorganic material often form the particle of tens nanometers, and the active layer of organic solar batteries also only has tens nanometer thickness sometimes.In this case, these inorganic material particles likely penetrate active layer and directly touch the electrons transport layer even electrode at two ends, cause the inefficacy of whole battery device.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the defect of above-mentioned prior art, a kind of light wave is the object of the present invention is to provide to change the organic solar batteries blended with absorbing material, different from adopting the technology of the light-wave conversion layer be separated separately in the past, light wave transition material and the uniform individual layer mixed structure of the blended formation of absorbing material in the present invention, in blended layer, transition material contacts more fully with light absorbent, thus effectively absorbs convert light.
In order to achieve the above object, technical solution of the present invention is:
The organic solar batteries that a kind of light wave conversion is blended with absorbing material, comprise clear glass substrate, transparent front electrode, hole transmission layer, electron transfer layer, back electrode successively, be provided with between hole transmission layer and electron transfer layer and absorb blended layer and electron acceptor layer, or be only provided with active blended layer, transparent front electrode is positive pole, and back electrode is negative pole.
Described absorption blended layer is made up of light wave transition material and electron donor, and wherein electron donor is simultaneously again as light absorbent.
Described active blended layer is then made up of light wave transition material, electron donor and electron acceptor, and wherein electron donor is as light absorbent.
Described light wave transition material is the organic or high-molecular optical electroluminescent material that can be dissolved in electron donor and electron acceptor material in same solvent, comprises No. 1, complex or No. 2, complex, as shown in the formula described:
Described electron donor comprises P3HT, and its structural formula is as follows:
Electron acceptor comprises PCBM, and its structural formula is as follows:
Feature of the present invention has blended layer (for absorbing blended layer, Fig. 2 is active blended layer to Fig. 1).In described blended layer, electron donor not only directly absorbs the sunlight through transparent substrates and front electrode, also carries out double absorption to the convert light that light wave transition material produces.This wherein, the photon that wavelength is positioned at the strong absorption bands of electron donor is directly absorbed and for excitation electron to body ground state molecule, and the various light wave transition materials that extra photon is then doped absorb and are converted into the light wave that electron donor can absorb in a large number.
Introduce one or more light wave transition materials in described blended layer, equal in a disguised form to add one or more new absworption peak to absorbing material.This unijunction solar cell is had and the effect of binode or the same broadband absorption of many knot lamination solar cells, turn avoid binode and many knot lamination solar cells needs to introduce the complicated technology that one or more new battery unit brings simultaneously.For the energy absorbing sunlight spectrum to greatest extent provides a kind of simple method efficiently.
Light wave transition material of the present invention preferably can be dissolved in the organic or high-molecular optical electroluminescent material in same solvent with electron donor and electron acceptor material, such as No. 1, complex or No. 2, complex.They have the advantage in the past not available for light wave switch technology.First, luminous organic material water-soluble and fat-solublely can be regulated and controled by substituting group and chromophore's kind.The mixed solution of they and other material of suitable solubility ratio can be joined to obtain thus.By such as spin coating, the solution such as ink jet printing or volume to volume processing technology can obtain uniform blended layer.Secondly, the compatibility being all the light wave conversion agent of organic material and solar cell active material (the electron donor P3HT such as shown in figure below and electron acceptor PCBM) is better, simultaneously their character and processing technology also similar.Again, organic and macromolecular compound of a great variety, MOLECULE DESIGN is flexible, and character adjustability is good, and the selection for light wave transition material provides abundant source.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the solar battery structure with binary absorption blended layer of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the solar battery structure with ternary active blended layer of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is one embodiment of the present of invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, enforcement example of the present invention is described in detail.
With reference to Fig. 1, the organic solar batteries that a kind of light wave conversion is blended with absorbing material, comprises clear glass substrate, transparent front electrode successively, hole transmission layer, absorbs blended layer, electron acceptor layer, electron transfer layer, back electrode, wherein transparent front electrode is positive pole, and back electrode is negative pole.
With reference to Fig. 2, the organic solar batteries that a kind of light wave conversion is blended with absorbing material, comprise clear glass substrate successively, transparent front electrode, hole transmission layer, active blended layer, electron transfer layer, back electrode, transparent front electrode is positive pole, and back electrode is negative pole.
Being distinguished as of structure shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2: in structure shown in Fig. 1, light wave transition material and electron donor form binary and absorb blended layer, and described absorption blended layer forms double-decker with electron acceptor again.In structure shown in Fig. 2, light wave transition material, electron donor directly forms ternary active blended layer together with electron acceptor.
Described absorption blended layer is made up of light wave transition material and electron donor, this wherein electron donor simultaneously again as light absorbent.
Described active blended layer is then made up of light wave transition material, electron donor and electron acceptor, and wherein electron donor is as light absorbent.
Described light wave transition material can be both one or more lower transition materials, and being generally Stokes luminescent material, also can be one or more up-conversions, or the combination of above two class materials.
Operation principle of the present invention: described blended layer directly absorbs the sunlight through transparent substrates and front electrode, also carries out double absorption to the convert light that light wave transition material produces.This wherein, the photon that wavelength is positioned at the strong absorption bands of electron donor is directly absorbed and for excitation electron to body ground state molecule, and the various light wave transition materials that extra photon is then doped absorb and are converted into the light wave that electron donor can absorb in a large number.
As shown in Figure 3, Fig. 3 is an enforcement example with the solar battery structure absorbing blended layer, comprises clear glass substrate, transparent front electrode, hole transmission layer, absorption blended layer, electron acceptor layer, electron transfer layer and back electrode.
Described clear glass substrate supports whole solar cell as base, and sunlight is incidence from this one deck also.
Described transparent front electrode, as the positive pole of solar cell, adopts ITO conducting film (Indium-tin Oxide Transparent Conductive Film), and it can be plated on glass by sputtering or evaporation technology.
Described hole transmission layer then adopts the PEDOT:PSS macromolecule conducting material (3 be widely used, the mixture of 4-ethylenedioxy thiophene polymer and poly styrene sulfonate), this layer can pass through spin coating, and the solution such as ink jet printing or volume to volume processing technology obtains the film of 20-200 nanometer.
Described absorption blended layer is made up of light wave transition material and electron donor, and wherein light wave conversion agent adopts and has high-quantum efficiency and can emission wavelength be the organic metal embedded photoluminescent material of 500-600 nanometer.Such as Seth B.Harkins, Jonas C.Peters, A HighlyEmissive Cu
2n
2diamond Core Complex Supported by a [PNP]
-ligand, Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2005, the material reported in 127,2030-2031 (structure as figure below, No. 1, complex), the light wave of 440 nanometers, up to 68%, can be converted to the light wave of 560 nanometers by luminous efficiency.Or Alexander J.M.Miller, Jillian L.Dempsey, Jonas C.Peters, Long-Lived andEfficient Emission from Mononuclear Amidophosphine Complexesof Copper, Inorganic Chemistry, 2007, the material (structure as figure below, No. 2, complex) of report in 46,7244 – 7246, the light wave of 430 nanometers, up to 70%, can be converted to the light wave of 500 nanometers by luminous efficiency.
Described electron donor then adopts P3HT (structural formula is as follows), and the strong absorption bands of P3HT is positioned at the range of wavelengths of 500-600 nanometer; Be no matter No. 1, complex or No. 2, after forming the blended layer of 20-200 nanometer thickness with P3HT, can make to extend to 400 nanometers between the strongly absorbing region of battery.
Described electron acceptor then adopts the PCBM (structural formula is as follows) be widely used.Described light wave transition material, electron donor and electron acceptor all have good dissolubility.Therefore absorption blended layer and electron acceptor layer can pass through spin coating, and the solution such as ink jet printing or volume to volume processing technology obtains the film of 20-200 nanometer.
Described electron transfer layer is the calcium layer of the 20-200 nanometer thickness obtained by vacuum evaporation;
Described back electrode is the aluminium lamination of the 20-200 nanometer thickness that vacuum evaporation obtains, its negative pole as battery and protective layer.
The foregoing is only one of the present invention and implement example, be not limited to the present invention.For those skilled in the art, the present invention can have various modifications and variations.Within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any amendment done, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. the organic solar batteries that a light wave conversion is blended with absorbing material, it is characterized in that, comprise clear glass substrate, transparent front electrode, hole transmission layer, electron transfer layer, back electrode successively, be provided with between hole transmission layer and electron transfer layer and absorb blended layer and electron acceptor layer, or be only provided with active blended layer, transparent front electrode is positive pole, and back electrode is negative pole.
2. organic solar batteries according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described absorption blended layer is made up of light wave transition material and electron donor, and wherein electron donor is simultaneously again as light absorbent.
3. organic solar batteries according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described active blended layer is then made up of light wave transition material, electron donor and electron acceptor, and wherein electron donor is as light absorbent.
4. the organic solar batteries according to claim 2 and 3, it is characterized in that, described light wave transition material is the organic or high-molecular optical electroluminescent material that can be dissolved in electron donor and electron acceptor material in same solvent, comprise No. 1, complex or No. 2, complex, as shown in the formula described:
5. the organic solar batteries according to claim 2 and 3, is characterized in that, it is characterized in that: can be one or more lower transition materials, can be one or more up-conversions, or the combination of above two class materials.
6. organic solar batteries according to claim 4, is characterized in that, described electron donor comprises P3HT, and its structural formula is as follows:
7. organic solar batteries according to claim 4, is characterized in that, electron acceptor comprises PCBM, and its structural formula is as follows:
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Cited By (1)
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| CN111952453A (en) * | 2020-07-08 | 2020-11-17 | 北京大学 | Double-layer ternary heterojunction solar cell and preparation method thereof |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111952453A (en) * | 2020-07-08 | 2020-11-17 | 北京大学 | Double-layer ternary heterojunction solar cell and preparation method thereof |
| CN111952453B (en) * | 2020-07-08 | 2022-08-05 | 北京大学 | Double-layer ternary heterojunction solar cell and preparation method thereof |
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