CN104952028B - A kind of vector watermark attack method based on vector geographic data structure - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于地理信息系统中矢量地图数据版权保护领域，具体涉及一种针对基于矢量地理数据结构的矢量水印攻击方法。The invention belongs to the field of copyright protection of vector map data in geographic information systems, and in particular relates to a vector watermark attack method based on a vector geographic data structure.
背景技术Background technique
与密码学类似，数字水印也是一个对抗性的研究领域。正是因为有水印攻击的存在，才有水印研究的不断深入。另外，为了实现数字水印的标准化，必须对各种数字水印算法进行安全性测试。水印测试者既需要熟悉水印算法又要熟悉水印攻击算法，而且还要从水印算法的理论入手进行水印信息量和鲁棒性的定量分析。Similar to cryptography, digital watermarking is also an adversarial research field. It is precisely because of the existence of watermark attacks that watermark research continues to deepen. In addition, in order to realize the standardization of digital watermarking, various digital watermarking algorithms must be tested for security. Watermark testers need to be familiar with both watermarking algorithms and watermarking attack algorithms, and also conduct quantitative analysis of watermarking information and robustness from the theory of watermarking algorithms.
矢量地图数据水印算法不同于传统的基于图像水印算法，这主要是由于地图数据不具有图像数据应用的普遍性等原因，同时还在于矢量地图数据在数据结构、存储形式、表现方式、应用环境、使用要求以及可能的攻击行为等方面与图像等多媒体数据都不一样，一般的水印算法还很难直接应用在矢量地图数据上。The vector map data watermarking algorithm is different from the traditional image-based watermarking algorithm. This is mainly because the map data does not have the universality of image data applications. It is also because the vector map data is in data structure, storage form, expression, application environment, and so on. The use requirements and possible attack behaviors are different from multimedia data such as images, and it is difficult for general watermarking algorithms to be directly applied to vector map data.
值得注意的是，主动攻击并不等于肆意破坏。以版权保护水印为例，如果将嵌入了水印的数字产品弄得面目全非，对攻击者也没有好处，因为遭受破坏的数字产品是无法销售的。真正的主动水印攻击应该是在不过多影响数据质量的前提下，除去数字水印。It is worth noting that active attack does not mean wanton damage. Take the copyright protection watermark as an example, if the digital product embedded with the watermark is changed beyond recognition, it will not benefit the attacker, because the damaged digital product cannot be sold. The real active watermarking attack should be to remove the digital watermark without affecting the data quality too much.
为了最终确定水印的技术标准，信息安全测评机构必须对大量公开的水印算法进行测试。这种测试不仅要通过实验，而且还要进行理论分析，以免由于样本选择错误造成以偏概全。In order to finally determine the technical standards of watermarking, information security evaluation agencies must test a large number of public watermarking algorithms. This kind of test must not only pass experiments, but also conduct theoretical analysis to avoid partial generalization due to wrong sample selection.
面对大量而且烦琐的测试实验，数字水印自动测试系统的研究显得十分必要。剑桥大学开发的Stir Mark软件就是一个典型的数字水印测试系统，它集成了几十种水印攻击算法，可以比较全面地测试水印算法的鲁棒性。In the face of a large number of cumbersome test experiments, the research on the digital watermark automatic test system is very necessary. The Stir Mark software developed by Cambridge University is a typical digital watermark testing system, which integrates dozens of watermark attack algorithms, and can test the robustness of watermark algorithms more comprehensively.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明要克服现有水印攻击方法大量而且烦琐的测试实验的缺点，提供一种在不改变地图精度和显示效果的基础上，通过对坐标数据序列进行分割与反转操作，达到攻击现有的空域与频域水印的检测定位能力，使得水印检测算法无法有效地检测水印的存在，从而达到去除水印的目的；同时也是矢量地图水印算法鲁棒性检验的有效手段评价的重要工具。更是矢量地图数据水印算法研究不可或缺的测试技术之一。The present invention overcomes the shortcomings of a large number of cumbersome test experiments in the existing watermark attack method, and provides a method to attack the existing watermark attack method by segmenting and reversing the coordinate data sequence without changing the map accuracy and display effect. The ability to detect and locate watermarks in the air and frequency domains makes it impossible for watermark detection algorithms to effectively detect the existence of watermarks, so as to achieve the purpose of removing watermarks; it is also an important tool for evaluating the robustness of vector map watermarking algorithms. It is also one of the indispensable testing techniques for the research of vector map data watermarking algorithm.
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是：The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problems is:
一种基于矢量地理数据结构的矢量水印攻击方法，包括以下步骤：A vector watermark attack method based on a vector geographic data structure, comprising the following steps:
(1)、基于矢量地理数据坐标序列的分割攻击(1) Segmentation attack based on coordinate sequence of vector geographic data
对矢量地图数据中的线串、线环和多边形等数据表示形式，在不影响地图数据精度与显示效果的基础上，对坐标序列采用分割的手段进行重新构建处理，扰乱现有空域与频域水印算法的水印检测定位的特性，从而实现攻击嵌入水印的目的。具体方法步骤如下：For data representations such as line strings, line loops, and polygons in vector map data, on the basis of not affecting the accuracy and display effect of map data, the coordinate sequence is reconstructed by means of segmentation, disturbing the existing airspace and frequency domains The characteristics of the watermark detection and positioning of the watermark algorithm, so as to achieve the purpose of attacking the embedded watermark. The specific method steps are as follows:
(1.1)、读取矢量地图坐标序列数据。(1.1), read vector map coordinate sequence data.
(1.2)、检索矢量地图数据中的线串、线环和多边形数据。(1.2), Retrieve the line string, line loop and polygon data in the vector map data.
(1.3)、获取线串、线环和多边形的坐标序列长度。然后根据长度数据，生成一个大于N，且小于M的随机数K；其中N、M为用户设定的一个阀值。(1.3), obtain the coordinate sequence length of line string, line loop and polygon. Then, according to the length data, a random number K greater than N and less than M is generated; where N and M are a threshold value set by the user.
(1.4)、随机数K的处理目的，为防止出现规律性，从而为水印检测算法进行数据重构创造条件。(1.4) The purpose of processing the random number K is to prevent regularity, thereby creating conditions for data reconstruction by the watermark detection algorithm.
(1.5)、一组具有n个顶点的坐标序列，即{{X1,Y1}，{X2,Y2}，……{Xn,Yn}，对n个顶点的坐标序列根据随机数K进行分割，每次取坐标序列的前K个数据，构成一组新的具有K个数据的坐标序列{{X1,Y1}，{X2,Y2}，……{XK,YK}。(1.5), a set of coordinate sequences with n vertices, namely {{X 1 , Y 1 }, {X 2 , Y 2 }, ... {X n , Y n }, the coordinate sequence of n vertices is based on The random number K is used to divide, and the first K data of the coordinate sequence is taken each time to form a new set of coordinate sequences {{X 1 , Y 1 }, {X 2 , Y 2 }, ...{X K , Y K }.
(2)、基于矢量地理数据坐标序列的倒置攻击(2) Inversion attack based on coordinate sequence of vector geographic data
对矢量地图数据中的线串、线环和多边形等数据表示形式，在不影响地图数据精度与显示效果的基础上，对坐标序列采用倒置的手段进行重新构建处理，扰乱现有空域与频域水印算法的水印检测定位的特性，从而实现攻击嵌入水印的目的。具体方法步骤如下：For data representations such as line strings, line loops and polygons in vector map data, on the basis of not affecting the accuracy and display effect of map data, the coordinate sequence is reconstructed by means of inversion, disturbing the existing airspace and frequency domain The characteristics of the watermark detection and positioning of the watermark algorithm, so as to achieve the purpose of attacking the embedded watermark. The specific method steps are as follows:
(2.1)、读取矢量地图坐标序列数据。(2.1), read vector map coordinate sequence data.
(2.2)、检索矢量地图数据中的线串、线环和多边形数据。(2.2), retrieve the line string, line loop and polygon data in the vector map data.
(2.3)、根据坐标数据的长度，生成一个随机数K，当K为偶数时，则对坐标序列进行倒置处理；当K为奇数时，则不对坐标序列进行倒置处理。(2.3), according to the length of the coordinate data, generate a random number K, when K is an even number, the coordinate sequence is reversed; when K is an odd number, the coordinate sequence is not reversed.
(2.4)、随机倒置的目的是为防止出现规律性，从而为水印检测算法进行数据重构创造条件。(2.4) The purpose of random inversion is to prevent regularity, thereby creating conditions for data reconstruction by watermark detection algorithms.
(2.5)、倒置处理的方法是：对分割后的坐标序列{{X1,Y1}，{X2,Y2}，……{Xn,Yn}}进行倒置处理，即把坐标序列的头尾进行转置成{{Xn,Yn}，{Xn-1,Yn-1}，……{X1,Y1}}。(2.5) The method of inversion processing is: perform inversion processing on the segmented coordinate sequence {{X 1 ,Y 1 }, {X 2 ,Y 2 },...{X n ,Y n }}, that is, the coordinates The head and tail of the sequence are transposed into {{X n ,Y n }, {X n-1 ,Y n-1 },...{X 1 ,Y 1 }}.
本攻击处理方法的特点与效果：Features and effects of this attack processing method:
此方法只是改变了坐标序列的组织顺序，打乱了现有的矢量水印算法的水印信息起始位置定位，从而使水印检测算法无法检测到水印的存在，实现去除矢量水印的目的；This method only changes the organization order of the coordinate sequence, disrupts the initial location of the watermark information of the existing vector watermarking algorithm, so that the watermark detection algorithm cannot detect the existence of the watermark, and achieves the purpose of removing the vector watermark;
在矢量地图的表示与使用上是等价的，且可以对n个顶点的坐标序列进行分割成m段具有{K1,K2,……,Km}个顶点的坐标序列；It is equivalent in the expression and use of vector maps, and can divide the coordinate sequence of n vertices into m coordinate sequences with {K 1 , K 2 ,...,K m } vertices;
由于在分割与倒置处理过程中，使用了随机函数，即使在原始数据参与的情况下，也难以对新的数据进行恢复重组，是当前矢量地图水印算法无法解决的攻击；Due to the use of random functions in the process of segmentation and inversion, it is difficult to restore and reorganize the new data even when the original data is involved, which is an attack that cannot be solved by the current vector map watermarking algorithm;
本攻击算法，实现简单，处理速度快，是目前行之有效的矢量地图数据水印去除手段；也是检验矢量地图数据水印算法鲁棒性的重要工具之一。This attack algorithm is simple to implement and fast in processing speed. It is currently an effective method for removing watermarks from vector map data; it is also one of the important tools to test the robustness of watermarking algorithms for vector map data.
本发明技术核心思想是根据地理信息矢量数据特点，提出了一种矢量地理数据结构的矢量水印攻击方法。提出了一种基于矢量地理数据结构的矢量水印攻击方法。目前矢量地图水印算法依赖坐标数据序列组织形式来实现水印检测定位的特性，本方法在不改变地图精度和显示效果的基础上，通过对坐标数据序列进行分割与反转操作，达到攻击现有的空域与频域水印的检测定位能力，使得水印检测算法无法有效地检测水印的存在，从而达到去除水印的目的；同时也是矢量地图水印算法鲁棒性检验的有效手段评价的重要工具。The technical core idea of the invention is to propose a vector watermark attack method of the vector geographic data structure according to the characteristics of the geographic information vector data. A vector watermark attack method based on vector geographic data structure is proposed. At present, the vector map watermarking algorithm relies on the organization form of the coordinate data sequence to realize the characteristics of watermark detection and positioning. On the basis of not changing the accuracy and display effect of the map, this method achieves the attack on the existing map by segmenting and reversing the coordinate data sequence. The ability to detect and locate watermarks in the air and frequency domains makes it impossible for watermark detection algorithms to effectively detect the existence of watermarks, so as to achieve the purpose of removing watermarks; it is also an important tool for evaluating the robustness of vector map watermarking algorithms.
本发明的优点是：所采用的方法实现简单有效，能够为进一步研究与开发更有效的矢量地图水印算法提供基础理论与手段。The invention has the advantages that the adopted method is simple and effective, and can provide basic theory and means for further research and development of a more effective vector map watermark algorithm.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为分割攻击流程图。Figure 1 is a flowchart of segmentation attack.
图2为倒置攻击流程图。Figure 2 is a flowchart of an inversion attack.
图3为原始矢量地图数据坐标序列示意图。Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the coordinate sequence of the original vector map data.
图4为进行分割攻击与倒置攻击后的矢量地图数据坐标序列示意图。Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the coordinate sequence of the vector map data after the segmentation attack and the inversion attack.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图对本发明作进一步描述。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
(1)、图1是基于矢量地理数据坐标序列的分割攻击的流程图，其具体实现描述步骤如下：(1), Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the segmentation attack based on vector geographic data coordinate sequence, and its specific implementation description steps are as follows:
对矢量地图数据中的线串、线环和多边形等数据表示形式，在不影响地图数据精度与显示效果的基础上，对坐标序列采用分割的手段进行重新构建处理，扰乱现有空域与频域水印算法的水印检测定位的特性，从而实现攻击嵌入水印的目的。具体方法步骤如下：For data representations such as line strings, line loops, and polygons in vector map data, on the basis of not affecting the accuracy and display effect of map data, the coordinate sequence is reconstructed by means of segmentation, disturbing the existing airspace and frequency domains The characteristics of the watermark detection and positioning of the watermark algorithm, so as to achieve the purpose of attacking the embedded watermark. The specific method steps are as follows:
(1.1)、读取矢量地图坐标序列数据。(1.1), read vector map coordinate sequence data.
(1.2)、检索矢量地图数据中的线串、线环和多边形数据。(1.2), Retrieve the line string, line loop and polygon data in the vector map data.
(1.3)、获取线串、线环和多边形的坐标序列长度。然后根据长度数据，生成一个大于N，且小于M的随机数K；其中N、M为用户设定的一个阀值。(1.3), obtain the coordinate sequence length of line string, line loop and polygon. Then, according to the length data, a random number K greater than N and less than M is generated; where N and M are a threshold value set by the user.
(1.4)、随机数K的处理目的，为防止出现规律性，从而为水印检测算法进行数据重构创造条件。(1.4) The purpose of processing the random number K is to prevent regularity, thereby creating conditions for data reconstruction by the watermark detection algorithm.
(1.5)、图3描述了一组具有n个顶点的坐标序列，即{{X1,Y1}，{X2,Y2}，……{Xn,Yn}，对n个顶点的坐标序列根据随机数K进行分割，每次取坐标序列的前K个数据，构成一组新的具有K个数据的坐标序列{{X1,Y1}，{X2,Y2}，……{XK,YK}的过程。(1.5), Figure 3 describes a set of coordinate sequences with n vertices, namely {{X 1 , Y 1 }, {X 2 , Y 2 }, ... {X n , Y n }, for n vertices The coordinate sequence of is divided according to the random number K, and the first K data of the coordinate sequence are taken each time to form a new set of coordinate sequences with K data {{X 1 , Y 1 }, {X 2 , Y 2 }, ...the process of {X K , Y K }.
(2)、图2是基于矢量地理数据坐标序列的分割攻击的流程图，其具体实现描述步骤如下：(2), Fig. 2 is the flow chart of the segmentation attack based on vector geographic data coordinate sequence, and its specific implementation description steps are as follows:
对矢量地图数据中的线串、线环和多边形等数据表示形式，在不影响地图数据精度与显示效果的基础上，对坐标序列采用倒置的手段进行重新构建处理，扰乱现有空域与频域水印算法的水印检测定位的特性，从而实现攻击嵌入水印的目的。具体方法步骤如下：For data representations such as line strings, line loops and polygons in vector map data, on the basis of not affecting the accuracy and display effect of map data, the coordinate sequence is reconstructed by means of inversion, disturbing the existing airspace and frequency domain The characteristics of the watermark detection and positioning of the watermark algorithm, so as to achieve the purpose of attacking the embedded watermark. The specific method steps are as follows:
(2.1)、读取矢量地图坐标序列数据。(2.1), read vector map coordinate sequence data.
(2.2)、检索矢量地图数据中的线串、线环和多边形数据。(2.2), retrieve the line string, line loop and polygon data in the vector map data.
(2.3)、根据坐标数据的长度，生成一个随机数K，当K为偶数时，则对坐标序列进行倒置处理；当K为奇数时，则不对坐标序列进行倒置处理。(2.3), according to the length of the coordinate data, generate a random number K, when K is an even number, the coordinate sequence is reversed; when K is an odd number, the coordinate sequence is not reversed.
(2.4)、随机倒置的目的是为防止出现规律性，从而为水印检测算法进行数据重构创造条件。(2.4) The purpose of random inversion is to prevent regularity, thereby creating conditions for data reconstruction by watermark detection algorithms.
(2.5)、图4描述了倒置处理的方法：对分割后的坐标序列{{X1,Y1}，{X2,Y2}，……{Xn,Yn}}进行倒置处理，即把坐标序列的头尾进行转置成{{Xn,Yn}，{Xn-1,Yn-1}，……{X1,Y1}}，(2.5), Figure 4 describes the method of inversion processing: perform inversion processing on the segmented coordinate sequence {{X 1 ,Y 1 }, {X 2 ,Y 2 },...{X n ,Y n }}, That is, transpose the head and tail of the coordinate sequence into {{X n ,Y n }, {X n-1 ,Y n-1 },...{X 1 ,Y 1 }},
本发明的攻击处理方法的特点与效果Features and effects of the attack processing method of the present invention
此方法只是改变了坐标序列的组织顺序，打乱了现有的矢量水印算法的水印信息起始位置定位，从而使水印检测算法无法检测到水印的存在，实现去除矢量水印的目的。This method only changes the organization order of the coordinate sequence, disrupts the initial location of the watermark information of the existing vector watermarking algorithm, so that the watermark detection algorithm cannot detect the existence of the watermark, and achieves the purpose of removing the vector watermark.
在矢量地图的表示与使用上是等价的，且可以对n个顶点的坐标序列进行分割成m段具有{K1,K2,……,Km}个顶点的坐标序列。It is equivalent in the expression and use of the vector map, and the coordinate sequence of n vertices can be divided into m segments of coordinate sequences with {K 1 , K 2 ,...,K m } vertices.
由于在分割与倒置处理过程中，使用了随机函数，即使在原始数据参与的情况下，也难以对新的数据进行恢复重组，是当前矢量地图水印算法无法解决的攻击。。Due to the use of random functions in the process of segmentation and inversion, it is difficult to restore and reorganize the new data even when the original data is involved, which is an attack that cannot be solved by the current vector map watermarking algorithm. .
本攻击算法，实现简单，处理速度快，是目前行之有效的矢量地图数据水印去除手段；也是检验矢量地图数据水印算法鲁棒性的重要工具之一。This attack algorithm is simple to implement and fast in processing speed. It is currently an effective method for removing watermarks from vector map data; it is also one of the important tools to test the robustness of watermarking algorithms for vector map data.
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| CN101655970A (en) * | 2009-07-01 | 2010-02-24 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Vector map lossless data hiding method based on recursive embedding |
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