CN103377456A - Self-adaptive digital raster map visible watermark method - Google Patents
Self-adaptive digital raster map visible watermark method Download PDFInfo
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- CN103377456A CN103377456A CN2012101144379A CN201210114437A CN103377456A CN 103377456 A CN103377456 A CN 103377456A CN 2012101144379 A CN2012101144379 A CN 2012101144379A CN 201210114437 A CN201210114437 A CN 201210114437A CN 103377456 A CN103377456 A CN 103377456A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a self-adaptive digital raster map visible watermark method. Given that a digital raster map, compared with natural images, has the characteristics of higher brightness, smaller saturation and relatively larger variations in spatial pixel values and the like, a visible watermark is first preprocessed based on wavelet transform and human visual system characteristics, and is then embedded in a self-adaptive manner in an embedding position selected in the map after the wavelet transform of the digital raster map. The embedding position is selected based on data characteristics of the digital raster map and the human visual system characteristics. According to the invention, the visible watermark is translucently presented on the original digital raster map, detailed information of the original map is well maintained, and better copyright protection is provided the digital raster map.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the technical field of geography information copyright protection, particularly a kind of adaptive digital raster map visible watermark method.
Background technology
Digital raster map is the important component part of numerical map, also is the general data source that geospatial information obtains.Along with going deep into of NSDI construction, maturation and the widespread use of Geographic Information System (GIS) technology, digital raster map has important using value at aspects such as national key project construction, military surveillance, dynamic monitoring important goal, calamity emergency and processing, territory supervision.
In recent years, along with the develop rapidly of digitizing and network times, the storage of digital raster map, transmit, copy and all become very convenient quick.The illegal copies of digital raster map and copying not only can make the owner of digital raster map suffer tremendous economic loss, more entail dangers to national security, national defense safety etc.This is reluctant to share so that the data owner is reluctant to disclose easily or issue its product, dare not share, and has seriously hindered the development of geomatics industry.Therefore, how to protect the safety of digital raster map and intellecture property to become extremely urgent problem.
Digital watermark technology is as a kind of brand-new information security technology, for the safeguard protection of digital raster map provides a kind of practicable solution route.Digital watermarking refers to embed watermark information in digitalized data, and watermark information and source data are combined together, becomes the inseparable part of source data.Come thus to determine the authentication of copyright owner, entitlement, follow the tracks of abuse, the authenticity in authenticated digital content source, identification buyer, provide about other additional informations of digital content etc.Simultaneously for strengthen sense of responsibility, fright illegal act, having good grounds to look into soon etc. has vital role.Digital watermark technology has been subject to the great attention of national government office in the effect of performance aspect military security guarantee, the national security.
Digital watermarking is obtaining many application aspect the safeguard protection in the fields such as image, figure, video, audio frequency, has also obtained important application in the mapping association area in recent years.
About the existing many researchs of the invisible watermark technology of digital raster map, these researchs have been carried out more deep analysis and have been proposed corresponding solution with regard to problems such as the copyright protection of digital raster map, content authentication, tracking uses; Comparatively speaking, as a kind of more positive copyright protection technology, visible watermarking technique also has some researchs aspect digital raster map, and its research of present stage and using mainly concentrates on the natural image.GUO Jie(Visible watermarking technique based on luminance and texture features[J]. Infrared and Laser Engineering, 2003,32 (1): 92-100.) designed the visible watermark algorithm in a kind of DCT territory, utilize local luminance and the textural characteristics of image to determine that watermark embeds the factor, like this under the prerequisite that satisfies the visible watermark characteristic, strengthen watermark embed strength, improve watermark robustness; M Kankanhalli(Adaptive visible watermarking of images[A]. Proc.of ICMCS[C]. Florence, Italy, IEEE, 1999.) propose to utilize the susceptibility of image content features and brightness to determine that each DCT piece gets the watermark drawing coefficient, S P Mohanty(A DCT domain visible watermarking technique for images[A]. Proc.Int. Conf.on Multimedia and Expo[C]. USA:IEEE, 2000.) this algorithm is improved, strengthened the adaptivity of watermark processing.Yet the common problem that DCT territory visible watermark is processed is that piecemeal stretching watermarking images may cause visual uncontinuity; GONG Sheng-rong(A Visible Watermarking Algorithm Holding Image Content[J]. Geomatics and Informatica Science of Wuhan University, 2006,31 (9): 757-764.) masking by noise according to image has designed a kind of wavelet field visible watermark algorithm, and improved algorithm according to the textural characteristics of watermarking images, can keep preferably the original image content; HUANG Biao-bing(Visible Watermarking Scheme With Human Visual System[J]. Computer Engineering And Applications, 2006,13:63-65.) according to part and the global characteristics of master image and watermarking images, set up the drawing coefficient mathematical model, proposed a kind of visible watermark algorithm with picture material retention performance, the result is better for this algorithm experimental; ZHAO You-jun(Adaptive Visible Watermark Technique in Regions of Interest[J]. Computer Engineering, 2007,33 (9): 180-181.) propose a kind of self-adaptation visible watermarking technique of area-of-interest based on the image particular content, but that its visible watermark embeds the zone is must user selected.
These researchs have obtained some achievements, but in present visible watermarking technique research and using, mainly are for natural image, consider also not enough to aspects such as this artificial drawing product own characteristic of digital raster map, visible watermark algorithm robustnesss.The present invention is on the basis that the visible watermark algorithm of current natural image is analyzed, in conjunction with the digital raster map data characteristic, for digital raster map provides better copyright protection.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to: compare natural image for digital raster map and have higher brightness and less saturation degree, spatial domain pixel value variation characteristics greatly, watermark information is embedded into digital raster map in adaptive mode, like this under the prerequisite that satisfies the visible watermark characteristic, farthest embed watermark has improved watermark robustness.Simultaneously carried out the watermark period expansion before embedding, and it is embedded into digital raster map vision important area, this is so that under the prerequisite of not damaging the map service property (quality), be not easy to remove the visible watermark in the map, thereby has protected preferably the copyright of map.
In order to realize the foregoing invention purpose, the technical solution used in the present invention is: a kind of adaptive digital raster map visible watermark method, compare with natural image for digital raster map and to have higher brightness and less saturation degree, the spatial domain pixel value changes the characteristics that wait greatly, based on wavelet transformation and human visual system's characteristic, first visible watermark is carried out pre-service, then behind wavelet transformation visible watermark is embedded adaptively selected embedded location in the map at digital raster map, the selective basis digital raster map data characteristics of embedded location and human visual system's characteristic are determined.
Technique scheme further comprises following three steps:
Step 1: watermark information pre-service;
Step 2: the selection of visible watermark embedded location;
Step 3: visible watermark is embedded digital raster map based on wavelet transformation.
Described step 1 is with visible watermark
Expanding to visible watermark is
, can cover most of zone of former map to guarantee it;
Described step 2 is on the basis of step 1, according to a definite sequence whole numerical map is traveled through, and calculates the importance rate index of chart portfolio piece
, all
Middle maximizing, the corresponding zone of this maximal value are exactly the visible watermark embedded location of seeking;
Described step 3, on the basis of step 2, utilize low (height) coefficient frequently behind former map and the visible watermark wavelet transformation, adopt linear adder to embed criterion, obtain low (height) frequency coefficient after visible watermark embeds former map, by wavelet inverse transformation, obtain containing the digital raster map of visible watermark subsequently.
The present invention is based on wavelet transformation and human visual system's characteristic, farthest embed watermark has improved watermark robustness; Simultaneously so that under the prerequisite of not damaging the map service property (quality), be not easy to remove the visible watermark in the map, thereby protected better the copyright of map.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is that the watermark of the inventive method embeds process flow diagram.
Fig. 2 is a width of cloth original figure grating map of the prior art.
Fig. 3 is the visible watermark image.
Fig. 4 is
Value.
Fig. 5 is the design sketch after Fig. 2 embeds Fig. 3.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with Figure of description the invention is described in further detail.
Embodiment one
Extremely shown in Figure 5 such as Fig. 2, selecting in the present embodiment a width of cloth size is that 808 * 758 256 stages of digital grating maps and a width of cloth size are that 256 grades of images of 200 * 200 are experimental data, the self-adaptation of carrying out visible watermark according to the present invention embeds, provide one embodiment of the present of invention, further describe the present invention.
Step 1: watermark information pre-service;
According to digital raster map size and the watermark size of present embodiment, determine the watermark extended amplitude
, visible watermark is after the expansion
, size is
, wherein
,
Step 2: the selection of visible watermark embedded location;
On the basis of step 1, with
Be template size, with
For template moves poorly, according to a definite sequence whole numerical map is traveled through, for finding out digital raster map vision important area.If the zone that template covers during the traversal beginning is
, then establish successively the zone that template covers be in traversal way
, wherein
,
,
The expression logarithm rounds.Utilize respectively following formula to obtain the importance rate index of these map blocks
Wherein
In the expression traversal the
The importance rate index of map block represents in the former map
The place the characters of ground object value, mainly by
Place's brightness value decision,
,
Represent in the former map
The weight at place, wherein
By
Locate liftoff figure centre distance and determine, because the optic centre of human eye is positioned at observed middle parts of objects slightly on the upper side, so the visual importance in map center zone generally should be higher than other zones.Here map is divided into nine zones,
Value as shown in Figure 4.
By
Whether the place is that the atural object marginal information determines that in general, its importance of marginal information should be higher than non-marginal information in the map.Test shows, when
Value condition as shown in the formula the time algorithm effect more satisfactory.
After like this digital raster map being traveled through, calculate the importance rate index of chart portfolio piece, all
Middle maximizing, the corresponding zone of this maximal value are exactly the visible watermark embedded location of seeking.
Step 3: visible watermark is embedded digital raster map based on wavelet transformation.
On the basis of step 2, former map and visible watermark are carried out low (height) coefficient frequently behind the wavelet transformation, adopt linear adder to embed criterion, to obtain visible watermark and embed low (height) coefficient frequently behind the former map, its formula can be described as:
In the formula
With
Respectively the scale factor of former map and the embedding factor of visible watermark,
Small echo low (height) the frequency coefficient of map after the expression visible watermark embeds,
With
Represent respectively frequently coefficient of former map and visible watermark low (height) behind wavelet transformation,
With
Determined by digital raster map data characteristics and wavelet coefficient, and the drawing coefficient of low frequency sub-band and high-frequency sub-band determines that rule is different.
In low frequency sub-band, its drawing coefficient is mainly determined by monochrome information.Human vision has different susceptibility to different brightness, and is in general responsive to intermediate light, has the characteristic of non-linear decline to low-light level and high brightness direction, and the present invention adopts following formula definition low frequency sub-band drawing coefficient thus:
In the formula
The coefficient maximal value of expression low frequency sub-band,
The coefficient mean value of expression low frequency sub-band,
The coefficient of expression low frequency sub-band,
The expression quantization weight factor, its effect is to keep former map vision validity as far as possible, makes simultaneously watermark have good observability.Consider that the spatial domain pixel value changes greatly in the map, the atural object marginal information is many, and the atural object fringe region is most important visual information and geography information in the map, and human eye is very sensitive to the change at atural object edge, in order to keep the complete of map, just must keep the complete of atural object edge.So in definite scale factor
With the embedding factor
The time, the atural object fringe region is answered special consideration, so that the atural object fringe region changes minimum, therefore visible watermark information low-intensity can only be embedded in the edge block of former map, that is to say in the non-edge block of map and can define scale factor and embed the factor with following formula, in the map edge block, then need adjust accordingly scale factor herein
Can suitably strengthen, and embed the factor
Should suitably reduce.And in the map background zone, not including the meaning cartographic information, human eye is also insensitive to it, therefore can suitably reduce scale factor
, improve the embedding factor
, guaranteeing on the conforming basis of visible watermark vision outstanding visible watermark information.Like this, by adjusting scale factor and embedding the factor, can keep preferably former map visual quality, also make watermark have good observability simultaneously.
The high-frequency sub-band of digital raster map wavelet decomposition has reflected the minutia of map.Its approximate obedience
Distribute, most of coefficient only has fraction to have larger peak value corresponding to the coefficient of map edge and texture region near 0.High frequency coefficient is the respectively corresponding from small to large smooth region on the spatial domain, texture region and fringe region, coefficient non-zero number and situation of change represent the texture information of this piece, and nonzero coefficient is more, and index variation is larger, and this piece texture is just more complicated.In general, flat site at former map is answered performance visible watermark texture information as much as possible, namely at the map flat site, if there is abundant texture information in corresponding visible watermark zone, then take the visible watermark texture information as main, can highlight visible watermark information like this, and if the visible watermark zone also is flat site, then show as main take map area information.Simultaneously, the human visual system is insensitive to the change of high texture region ground pixel, and the texture number in the same area is more, and is just larger to the sheltering of noise, vision distortion is just less, for showing that the visible watermark detailed information just must strengthen the visible watermark high frequency coefficient and embed the factor.Therefore, in a map area that is rich in texture information, information is uniformly distributed in each high frequency coefficient, and this just means the variance that this is regional
Less, need to add more watermark information for showing.Map scale factor in this zone
Embed the factor with visible watermark
Can be defined as:
In the formula
,
The high frequency variance of expression map block,
Expression map block high frequency variance maximal value,
The expression weight factor.
Draw visible watermark by above-mentioned steps of the present invention and embed low (height) coefficient frequently behind the former map, subsequently by wavelet inverse transformation, obtain containing the digital raster map of visible watermark, such as Fig. 5.
5. the characteristics of this method and technical advantage:
(1) this method compares for digital raster map that natural image has higher brightness and less saturation degree, spatial domain pixel value change characteristics greatly, watermark information is embedded into digital raster map in adaptive mode, like this under the prerequisite that satisfies the visible watermark characteristic, farthest embed watermark has improved watermark robustness.
(2) this method has been carried out the watermark period expansion before embedding; and it is embedded into digital raster map vision important area; this is so that under the prerequisite of not damaging the map service property (quality), be not easy to remove the visible watermark in the map, thereby has protected preferably the copyright of map.
6. test of the present invention and analysis:
Method proposed by the invention is special water mark method for digital raster map, and the digital raster copyright protection system based on digital watermark technology can be developed and realize to employing the method.
(1) visual effect
As shown in Figure 5, visible watermark can be presented in the map more clearly, and covers most of zone of map, contains the visible watermark map and also can more clearly reflect former map information.
(2) plot quality aspect
As shown in Figure 5, the method can keep former digital raster map quality preferably, again so that the visible watermark translucence be presented in map very important visual zone, and cover the most of zone of map, especially at texture region and fringe region, fabulous maintenance the details of former map.
(3) algorithm robustness.
Visible watermark covers the most of zone of map, makes like this it that map trimming operation is had good robustness; Visible watermark is embedded in the digital raster map by algorithm so that cartographic information and visible watermark information organically combines, thereby to various map operations such as JPEG compression, add make an uproar, filtering, sharpening etc. have good resistivity; For various geometric attacks such as translation, convergent-divergent, stretching, deletion etc., because visible watermark is embedded into the most of zone of map, and organically combines with former map, algorithm can effectively be resisted geometric attack; Visible watermark adopts the self-adaptation embedded mode, its embedment strength at each pixel is determined by this pixel data characteristic, the watermark embed strength that is each position is not necessarily identical, therefore the map that contains visible watermark is rejected to attack to be difficult to remove fully the visible watermark sign.
Embodiment two
As shown in Figure 1, the object of the invention is to: compare natural image for digital raster map and have higher brightness and less saturation degree, spatial domain pixel value variation characteristics greatly, watermark information is embedded into digital raster map in adaptive mode, like this under the prerequisite that satisfies the visible watermark characteristic, farthest embed watermark has improved watermark robustness.Simultaneously carried out the watermark period expansion before embedding, and it is embedded into digital raster map vision important area, this is so that under the prerequisite of not damaging the map service property (quality), be not easy to remove the visible watermark in the map, thereby has protected preferably the copyright of map.
In order to realize the foregoing invention purpose, the technical solution used in the present invention is: a kind of adaptive digital raster map visible watermark method, compare with natural image for digital raster map and to have higher brightness and less saturation degree, the spatial domain pixel value changes the characteristics that wait greatly, based on wavelet transformation and human visual system's characteristic, first visible watermark is carried out pre-service, then behind wavelet transformation visible watermark is embedded adaptively selected embedded location in the map at digital raster map, the selective basis digital raster map data characteristics of embedded location and human visual system's characteristic are determined.
Technique scheme further comprises following three parts:
Step 1: watermark information pre-service;
Step 2: the selection of visible watermark embedded location;
Step 3: visible watermark is embedded digital raster map based on wavelet transformation.
Described step 1 is with visible watermark
Expanding to visible watermark is
, can cover most of zone of former map to guarantee it;
Described step 2 is on the basis of step 1, according to a definite sequence whole numerical map is traveled through, and calculates the importance rate index of chart portfolio piece
, all
Middle maximizing, the corresponding zone of this maximal value are exactly the visible watermark embedded location of seeking;
Described step 3, on the basis of step 2, utilize low (height) coefficient frequently behind former map and the visible watermark wavelet transformation, adopt linear adder to embed criterion, obtain low (height) frequency coefficient after visible watermark embeds former map, by wavelet inverse transformation, obtain containing the digital raster map of visible watermark subsequently.
The present invention is based on wavelet transformation and human visual system's characteristic, farthest embed watermark has improved watermark robustness; Simultaneously so that under the prerequisite of not damaging the map service property (quality), be not easy to remove the visible watermark in the map, thereby protected better the copyright of map.
Claims (4)
1. adaptive digital raster map visible watermark method, it is characterized in that: compare with natural image for digital raster map and have higher brightness and less saturation degree, spatial domain pixel value change greatly characteristics, based on wavelet transformation and human visual system's characteristic, first visible watermark is carried out pre-service, then behind wavelet transformation visible watermark is embedded adaptively selected embedded location in the map at digital raster map, the selective basis digital raster map data characteristics of embedded location and human visual system's characteristic are determined.
2. a kind of adaptive digital raster map visible watermark method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
Step 1: watermark information pre-service;
Step 2: the selection of visible watermark embedded location;
Step 3: visible watermark is embedded digital raster map based on wavelet transformation.
3. a kind of adaptive digital raster map visible watermark method according to claim 2 is characterized in that:
Described step 1 is with visible watermark
Expanding to visible watermark is
, can cover most of zone of former map to guarantee it;
Described step 2 is on the basis of step 1, according to a definite sequence whole numerical map is traveled through, and calculates the importance rate index of chart portfolio piece
, all
Middle maximizing, the corresponding zone of this maximal value are exactly the visible watermark embedded location of seeking;
Described step 3, on the basis of step 2, utilize low (height) coefficient frequently behind former map and the visible watermark wavelet transformation, adopt linear adder to embed criterion, obtain low (height) frequency coefficient after visible watermark embeds former map, by wavelet inverse transformation, obtain containing the digital raster map of visible watermark subsequently.
4. an adaptive digital raster map visible watermark method is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
Step 1: watermark information pre-service;
With visible watermark
Expanding to visible watermark is
, can cover most of zone of former map to guarantee it;
Step 2: the selection of visible watermark embedded location;
On the basis of step 1, according to a definite sequence whole numerical map is traveled through, calculate the importance rate index of chart portfolio piece
, all
Middle maximizing, the corresponding zone of this maximal value are exactly the visible watermark embedded location of seeking;
Step 3: visible watermark is embedded digital raster map based on wavelet transformation;
On the basis of step 2, utilize low (height) coefficient frequently behind former map and the visible watermark wavelet transformation, adopt linear adder to embed criterion, obtain visible watermark and embed low (height) coefficient frequently behind the former map, by wavelet inverse transformation, obtain containing the digital raster map of visible watermark subsequently.
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| CN107274330A (en) * | 2017-05-24 | 2017-10-20 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | A kind of grating map copy-right protection method based on BFA and LSB |
| CN107545597A (en) * | 2016-06-24 | 2018-01-05 | 奥多比公司 | Digital picture is rendered on substrate |
| CN110415153A (en) * | 2018-04-27 | 2019-11-05 | 北京大学 | A kind of watermark embedding method, system and a kind of watermark extracting method and system |
| CN113450243A (en) * | 2020-03-24 | 2021-09-28 | 北京四维图新科技股份有限公司 | Watermark adding method and device |
| CN115564632A (en) * | 2022-10-20 | 2023-01-03 | 中科星图数字地球合肥有限公司 | Watermark embedding method and device for grid map and electronic equipment |
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107545597A (en) * | 2016-06-24 | 2018-01-05 | 奥多比公司 | Digital picture is rendered on substrate |
| CN107545597B (en) * | 2016-06-24 | 2021-11-05 | 奥多比公司 | Rendering digital images on a substrate |
| CN107274330A (en) * | 2017-05-24 | 2017-10-20 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | A kind of grating map copy-right protection method based on BFA and LSB |
| CN107274330B (en) * | 2017-05-24 | 2019-12-17 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | BFA and LSB based grid map copyright protection method |
| CN110415153A (en) * | 2018-04-27 | 2019-11-05 | 北京大学 | A kind of watermark embedding method, system and a kind of watermark extracting method and system |
| CN113450243A (en) * | 2020-03-24 | 2021-09-28 | 北京四维图新科技股份有限公司 | Watermark adding method and device |
| CN115564632A (en) * | 2022-10-20 | 2023-01-03 | 中科星图数字地球合肥有限公司 | Watermark embedding method and device for grid map and electronic equipment |
| CN115564632B (en) * | 2022-10-20 | 2024-04-26 | 中科星图数字地球合肥有限公司 | Watermark embedding method and device for grid map and electronic equipment |
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