CN104949931A - Rapid lossless fresh pork shelf life evaluation method and detecting system - Google Patents
Rapid lossless fresh pork shelf life evaluation method and detecting system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a rapid lossless fresh pork shelf life evaluation method and a detecting system adopting the evaluation method. The detecting system is composed of a computer and a light spectrum information acquisition device, wherein a detection control analysis software system is mounted in the computer; a light spectrum data preprocessing algorithm routine, a total bacterial count light spectrum prediction model and an anti regression equation model of total bacterial count and shelf life are prestored in the detection control analysis software system; the detection control analysis software system can automatically preprocess the gathered light spectrum data, inputs the gathered light spectrum data as input variable into the total bacterial count light spectrum prediction model, predicts the total bacterial count in a pork sample, inputs the predicted value of the predicted total bacterial count in the anti regression equation model of the shelf life as the input variable, and automatically predicts the shelf life of the pork sample. Lossless detection can be realized, the detection speed and the efficiency are high, the cost is reduced, and the detecting system can be applicable to various occasions such as portable detection, online detection and the like.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to food technical field of nondestructive testing, particularly a kind of visible and near infrared spectrum technology of using carries out method and the detection system of quick nondestructive evaluation to live fresh pork shelf life.
Background technology
Pork is the source forming the main meat food of the most of resident of China, because its fiber is soft, Fresh & Tender in Texture, is well received by consumers.Pork rich in nutritive value, can provide good protein and essential fatty acid for the mankind, is one of animal food most popular on current people's dining table.From world wide, China's pork output accounts for Gross World Product more than 65%, is the large pork producing country of the first in the world and country of consumption.Over 60 years, China per capita meat occupancy volume increases more than 10 times.In recent years, the proportion accounting for meat industry along with China's live fresh pork increases, and the food security problem caused thus also increases gradually, and the Quality Safety of pork is also more and more by the attention of people.
The shelf life of fresh meat is the function of time, environmental factor and meat quality variable condition, in the process of circulation storing, transport and sell, inevitably be subject to the impact of multiple factors such as microorganism in environment, oxygen and temperature, the physics of meat, chemistry and biological nature are changed, thus affects the nutritive value of meat and the accuracy of shelf life.Fresh meat shelf life is the producer, operator, consumer and law-executor judge that meat whether can one of the Main Basis of safe edible.The shelf life of fresh meat is determined under certain environment condition, in the links storing, transport and sell, due to the change of external environment, the change of shelf life can be caused, be not inconsistent with its shelf life that marks, for edible safety brings hidden danger, the harm people's is healthy.On the one hand, if consumer buys the product that actual shelf life does not conform to identified shelf life, not only can have influence on the healthy of consumer, also easily have an impact large social malignant population event, and then cause product goodwill degree and competitive power greatly to reduce and social unharmonious factor; On the other hand, reclaim and exceed shelf life but the meat in addition Appropriate application that can continue to serve as other purposes, unnecessary waste can be reduced.And real-time shelf life accurately, management level and the efficiency of management of fresh meat supply chain can be improved, namely ensure and consumer spending safety reduce again the waste of meat.And these must rely on accurately reasonably forecasting shelf life algorithm and harmless detection method fast.But the determination of meat shelf life mainly adopts expert group's sense organ empirical method at present, there is the work period long, the impact of subjective experience factor is large waits deficiency.Some scholars also develop some certain methods evaluated for pork shelf, patent " a kind of be applied to fluctuating temperature under evaluate the method for chilled pork shelf life " (publication number CN102650632B) as Shanghai Ocean University's application is the growth pattern by analyzing the aerobic bacteria under condition of different temperatures in different time points chilled pork, set up the microbiology prediction model of chilled pork under different reserve temperature, thus the shelf life of chilled pork is predicted.This method exists all to be needed to carry out bacterium physical and chemical experiment to meat sample at every turn, according to the physico-chemical method of the inspection total amount of meat bacteria of current national Specification, need meat is rubbed and tests cultivate 48h in incubator after, not only need to carry out destruction process to meat sample, also there is the cycle long, efficiency is low, high in cost of production shortcoming, can not meet current high efficiency testing requirement.Therefore postgraduate's fresh pork shelf life Nondestructive Evaluation method and system, have important economic implications and social reality meaning.
Summary of the invention
Fresh meat is along with the growth of resting period, and bacterium can breed increases, and total number of bacteria constantly increases, and total number of bacteria reflects the length of shelf life.The present invention is intended to the combination of using computer technology, spectrum detection technique, chemometric techniques, single-chip microcomputer control technology technology, set up the kinetic model between live fresh pork shelf life and total number of bacteria and the forecast model between meat spectral information and meat total number of bacteria, build visible near-infrared analysis of spectrum detection system, directly the shelf life of live fresh pork is predicted by detecting meat spectral information, thus realize detecting fast the harmless of live fresh pork shelf life.
The total number of bacteria of the present invention to reflection live fresh pork shelf life is carried out Non-Destructive Testing and calculates fresh meat shelf life by shelf life forecasting model, employing be the evaluation method of visible and near infrared spectrum analytical technology, and construct real-time detecting system.
Live fresh pork shelf life quick nondestructive evaluation method of the present invention, operates in the steps below:
(1) first according to the experimental program of setting; gather and newly butcher the rear live fresh pork for listing in a large number; according to the experimental period of design of scheme, spectral information collection is carried out to meat sample, detect the total number of bacteria of meat sample simultaneously according to the physical and chemical experiment method of national Specification;
Pre-service is carried out to the spectroscopic data of the meat sample that step (1) gathers, variables choice is carried out to a large amount of spectral wavelength variablees, optimize effective wavelength variable for modeling by genetic algorithm; The all meat sample detection for testing to total number of bacteria standard value and the spectroscopic data that gathers of counter sample be divided into calibration set and checking collection; Utilize the spectroscopic data of the sample of described calibration set and the total number of bacteria of its correspondence, set up the partial least squares regression spectral prediction model of total number of bacteria; Utilize the meat sample spectral data information of described checking collection and total number of bacteria standard value to verify the precision of set up total number of bacteria spectral prediction model and reliability, determine best preprocessing procedures and best total number of bacteria spectral prediction model;
(2) the meat sample bacterium sum standard value utilizing step (1) to test to obtain and total duration experimental period; set up the regression model between total number of bacteria standard value and experimental period duration; according to this regression model; obtain backspace and return equation model, backspace returns equation model for prediction vacation of living;
(3) when the shelf life of the unknown meat sample to be detected being detected; by visible and near infrared spectrum detection system; obtain the spectroscopic data information of meat sample to be detected; through the process of step (2) determined optimal spectrum preprocess method; be updated in the determined best total number of bacteria spectral prediction model of step (2), dope the total number of bacteria numerical value of detected sample;
(4) utilize in step (4) the total number of bacteria value of the meat sample to be detected obtained, the backspace being updated to the shelf life that step (3) obtains is returned in equation model, realizes the harmless fast prediction evaluation to meat sample shelf life to be detected.
The pork belonging to same kind for the live fresh pork of testing gathered, provides the accuracy of forecast model
;spectral prediction models different separately set up by pork for different cultivars.
The high priority data ratio of described calibration set and checking collection is account for total laboratory sample respectively 75% and 25%.
Preferential choosing, the preprocessing procedures of described the best is S-G filtering, multiplicative scatter correction or genetic algorithm.
Above-mentioned live fresh pork shelf life quick nondestructive evaluates detection system, be made up of computing machine and spectral information harvester, described spectral information harvester is by lightshade cover, probe, optical fiber, light source, spectrometer forms, wherein optical fiber is Junction on bend ahead optical fiber, one end connects light source, one end connects spectrometer, one end is combined into detection probe in addition, detection probe is made up of the optical fiber of centre and the metal armor of outside surface, optical fiber circumferential passages is connected light source and is outwards sent light, irradiate sample surfaces, fiber optic hub passage connects spectrometer, receive the sample spectra information be reflected back from sample surfaces, detection probe outside surface protects optical fiber not to be damaged by metal armor, and be fixedly connected with lightshade cover, the distance of detection probe and detected sample surface can be regulated by setting nut, the sample spectra information that fiber optic hub Air conduct measurement collects, and be sent to spectrometer, spectrometer is visible and near infrared spectrum instrument, wavelength coverage is 400nm-1700nm, spectrometer is converted to corresponding spectroscopic data meat sample spectra information, computing machine is sent to by data line, detection control analyzing software system is installed in computing machine, in detection control analyzing software system, pre-stored has the spectroscopic data Preprocessing Algorithm program of described the best, total number of bacteria optimal spectrum forecast model and total number of bacteria and shelf life
equation model is returned in backspacedetection control analyzing software system can carry out pre-service to collected spectroscopic data automatically, and be input in total number of bacteria spectral prediction model as input variable, dope the total number of bacteria of meat sample, the predicted value of the total number of bacteria doped is input in the spectral prediction model of shelf life as input variable, automatic Prediction goes out the shelf life of meat sample, analyzing software system has automatic detection analysis, automatically saving result, and the function in composition data storehouse, carry out inquiry printing to facilitate.
A kind of preferred scheme is: equation model is returned in the backspace of the total number of bacteria spectral prediction model and shelf life that prestore multiple live fresh pork in detection system, first detection system can go out the kind of testing sample by automatic identification, and the forecast model then transferring corresponding kind is predicted.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is:
This live fresh pork shelf life detection system, compared with other detection methods, has that detection speed is fast, efficiency is high; Testing staff does not need to possess professional knowledge background, simple and quick; Do not need during detection to carry out pre-service in early stage or destruction to detected sample, can Non-Destructive Testing be realized, cost-saving; Total number of bacteria and the shelf life two indices of live fresh pork can be detected simultaneously; Detection system intelligence degree is high, and automatic detection analysis, display store evaluation result; Detection system can be applied to multiple place such as portable inspectiont, on-line checkingi, applied range.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is evaluation method process flow diagram;
Fig. 2 is detection system structural representation;
Fig. 3 detection probe partial sectional view;
Fig. 4 is the spectral data curve figure that present system detects single sample;
Fig. 5 is that total number of bacteria change returns Logistic curve map with shelf life;
The effective spectral variables figure for modeling that Fig. 6 application genetic algorithm is chosen;
Fig. 7 is the total number of bacteria partial least squares regression forecast model set up in system, total number of bacteria is carried out to the result of prediction and evaluation.
Number in the figure: 1 sample, 2 lightshade covers, 3 setting nuts, 4 probes, 5 light sources, 6 optical fiber, 7 spectrometers, 8 data lines, 9 computing machines.
specific implementation method
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the specific embodiment of the present invention is described in further detail.Following examples are used for the present invention, but are not used for limiting the scope of the invention.
Live fresh pork shelf life quick nondestructive evaluates the principle of work of detection system as shown in Figure 2, primarily of spectra collection device and computing machine composition, wherein spectra collection device mainly contains lightshade cover 2, setting nut 3, probe 4, light source 5, optical fiber 6 and spectrometer 7 form.Lightshade cover 2 mainly prevents external light source to the disturbing effect detected; Setting nut 3 mainly fixed test probe also can regulate probe distance to detect the distance of sample surfaces; The structure of probe 4 as shown in Figure 3, probe outside surface is metal armor, probe is played a protective role, probe inside is that different channel fiber is formed, the expanding channels luminous source optical fiber of circumference, for sample provides radiation source, the spectral information of the channel reception sample surfaces reflection at center is the spectral information of spectrometer sampling; Light source 5 provides wavelength to cover stable light source that is visible and near-infrared wavelength scope; Optical fiber 6 is Junction on bend ahead optical fiber, and one end connects light source, one end connects spectrometer, and one end connects probe in addition; Spectrometer 7 is visible and near infrared spectrum instrument, can determined wavelength scope be 400nm-1700nm.After the sample spectra information that spectrometer 7 detects converts corresponding data to, be sent to computing machine 9 by data line 8.Computing machine 9 is provided with by the detection analyzing software system of LabVIEW software development, equation model is returned in the backspace being pre-embedded with optimal spectrum Preprocessing Algorithm program, live fresh pork total number of bacteria spectral prediction model and the shelf life write in analyzing software system.Detection system can gather the spectral information of testing sample automatically, carries out pre-service to spectrum, is input in total number of bacteria forecast model, dopes total number of bacteria desired value, then returns equation model according to the backspace of shelf life, and fast prediction goes out the shelf life of testing sample.Analyzing software system has automatic detection analysis, automatically saving result, and the function in composition data storehouse, carry out inquiry printing to facilitate.
Live fresh pork shelf life quick nondestructive evaluation method mainly comprises following process step:
1, obtain substantially identical 36 pieces of dimensions butcher after live fresh pork sample to be gone on the market, Unified number refrigeration is under 4 DEG C of environment, according to predetermined experimental period, with the spectral information (as Fig. 4) of detection system collected specimens, sample bacterium sum (note: total number of bacteria colony forming unit colony-forming units(is called for short CFU) is detected according to the method for national Specification, represent with the logarithm of CFU, be called for short logCFU).Experimental period in the present embodiment is 18 days, and experiment starts, and takes out one piece of sample carry out spectral information collection at interval of 12h, until detect complete to all samples.
2, the regression equation of total number of bacteria and shelf life F is asked, total number of bacteria and shelf life F are that Logistic function regression changes, its changing trend diagram as shown in Figure 5, obtain the anti-regression equation of total number of bacteria and shelf life F, such as formula (1) (the shelf life number of days that in formula, F refers to, the total number of bacteria logarithm value logCFU that X refers to).
（1）
3, after polynary scattering (MSC), first order derivative (FD), the pre-service of S-G smothing filtering being carried out to all samples spectrum, the input variable of useful variable selection as modeling is carried out by genetic algorithm (GA), using 75% of the physics and chemistry value of the spectroscopic data of all samples and corresponding total number of bacteria as calibration set, 25% as checking collection.With GA algorithms selection validity feature wavelength variable out and corresponding total number of bacteria physics and chemistry value after the pre-service of the calibration set described in utilization, set up partial least squares regression (PLSR) forecast model and least square method supporting vector machine (LS-SVM) forecast model of total number of bacteria respectively, spectroscopic data information and the precision of total number of bacteria physics and chemistry value to set up forecast model of the checking collection described in utilization are evaluated, and determine best preprocess method and optimum prediction model.
Described optimal spectrum preprocess method is multiplicative scatter correction (MSC), S-G smothing filtering and genetic algorithm (GA), and described optimum prediction model is partial least squares regression (PLSR) forecast model.Genetic algorithm (GA) selects effective spectral variables figure (as shown in Figure 6), after GA algorithm process, eliminates garbage.Verify with the total number of bacteria PLSR forecast model that checking set pair is set up, the prediction and evaluation result (as shown in Figure 7) of forecast model, prediction thinks that related coefficient and prediction standard deviation are respectively 0.92 and 0.30.
The anti-regression equation of the optimum prediction model of the optimal spectrum preprocess method determined, total number of bacteria index and shelf life is preset in the program of the computing machine 9 in described quick nondestructive evaluation detection system by the mode of programming.By described detection system, detected sample is detected: lightshade cover is placed on sample 1 to be detected, computer software is clicked and detects, inspection software system completes spectra collection, Pretreated spectra, total number of bacteria index prediction, forecasting shelf life automatically, and the evaluation result that the data that preservation detection obtains automatically obtain with prediction, the while of realization, Fast nondestructive evaluation goes out total number of bacteria and the shelf life of fresh meat.
Claims (6)
1. a live fresh pork shelf life quick nondestructive evaluation method, is characterized in that operating in the steps below:
(1). first according to the experimental program of setting; gather and newly butcher the rear live fresh pork for listing in a large number; according to the experimental period of design of scheme, spectral information collection is carried out to meat sample, detect the total number of bacteria of meat sample simultaneously according to the physical and chemical experiment method of national Specification;
(2). pre-service is carried out to the spectroscopic data of the meat sample that step (1) gathers, variables choice is carried out to a large amount of spectral wavelength variablees, optimize effective wavelength variable for modeling by genetic algorithm; The all meat sample detection for testing to total number of bacteria standard value and the spectroscopic data that gathers of counter sample be divided into calibration set and checking collection; Utilize the spectroscopic data of the sample of described calibration set and the total number of bacteria of its correspondence, set up the partial least squares regression spectral prediction model of total number of bacteria; Utilize the meat sample spectral data information of described checking collection and total number of bacteria standard value to verify the precision of set up total number of bacteria spectral prediction model and reliability, determine preprocessing procedures and total number of bacteria spectral prediction model;
(3). the meat sample bacterium sum standard value utilizing step (1) to test to obtain and total duration experimental period; set up the regression model between total number of bacteria standard value and experimental period duration; according to this regression model; obtain backspace and return equation model, backspace returns equation model for prediction vacation of living;
(4). when the shelf life of the unknown meat sample to be detected is detected; by visible and near infrared spectrum detection system; obtain the spectroscopic data information of meat sample to be detected; through the determined preprocessing procedures process of step (2); be updated in the determined total number of bacteria spectral prediction model of step (2), dope the total number of bacteria numerical value of detected sample;
(5). utilize in step (4) the total number of bacteria value of the meat sample to be detected obtained, the backspace being updated to the shelf life that step (3) obtains is returned in equation model, realizes the harmless fast prediction evaluation to meat sample shelf life to be detected.
2. live fresh pork shelf life quick nondestructive evaluation method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the pork belonging to same kind for the live fresh pork of testing gathered, and forecast models different separately set up by the pork for different cultivars.
3. live fresh pork shelf life quick nondestructive evaluation method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the high priority data ratio of described calibration set and checking collection is account for total laboratory sample respectively 75% and 25%.
4. live fresh pork shelf life quick nondestructive evaluation method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: described preprocessing procedures is S-G filtering, multiplicative scatter correction or genetic algorithm.
5. a live fresh pork shelf life quick nondestructive evaluates detection system, it is characterized in that: be made up of computing machine and spectral information harvester, described spectral information harvester is by lightshade cover, probe, optical fiber, light source, spectrometer forms, wherein optical fiber is Junction on bend ahead optical fiber, one end connects light source, one end connects spectrometer, one end is combined into detection probe in addition, detection probe is made up of the optical fiber of centre and the metal armor of outside surface, optical fiber circumferential passages is connected light source and is outwards sent light, irradiate sample surfaces, fiber optic hub passage connects spectrometer, receive the sample spectra information be reflected back from sample surfaces, detection probe outside surface protects optical fiber not to be damaged by metal armor, and be fixedly connected with lightshade cover, the distance of detection probe and detected sample surface can be regulated by setting nut, the sample spectra information that fiber optic hub Air conduct measurement collects, and be sent to spectrometer, spectrometer is visible and near infrared spectrum instrument, wavelength coverage is 400nm-1700nm, spectrometer is converted to corresponding spectroscopic data meat sample spectra information, computing machine is sent to by data line, detection control analyzing software system is installed in computing machine, in detection control analyzing software system, pre-stored has spectroscopic data Preprocessing Algorithm program, equation model is returned in the backspace of total number of bacteria spectral prediction model and total number of bacteria and shelf life, detection control analyzing software system can carry out pre-service to collected spectroscopic data automatically, and be input in total number of bacteria spectral prediction model as input variable, dope the total number of bacteria of meat sample, the backspace that the predicted value of the total number of bacteria doped is input to shelf life as input variable is returned in equation model, automatic Prediction goes out the shelf life of meat sample, analyzing software system has automatic detection analysis, automatic saving result, and the function in composition data storehouse, inquiry printing is carried out to facilitate.
6. live fresh pork shelf life quick nondestructive as claimed in claim 5 evaluates detection system, it is characterized in that: equation model is returned in the total number of bacteria forecast model and the backspace that prestore multiple live fresh pork in detection system, first detection system can go out the kind of testing sample by automatic identification, and the forecast model then transferring corresponding kind is predicted.
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