CN104930976A - Portable crack length-measuring apparatus and method - Google Patents
Portable crack length-measuring apparatus and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104930976A CN104930976A CN201510379626.2A CN201510379626A CN104930976A CN 104930976 A CN104930976 A CN 104930976A CN 201510379626 A CN201510379626 A CN 201510379626A CN 104930976 A CN104930976 A CN 104930976A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a portable crack length-measuring apparatus and method. The apparatus includes an image obtaining part, a range finding part and an image processing part. The image obtaining part is used for photographing and recording shape images of a crack. The range finding part is used for obtaining distance data. The image processing part is used for correcting a binding distance data affine relation for a cracked image, segmenting the corrected and recovered cracked image, and calculating the length of the crack. The method includes the steps of obtaining the cracked image, affining and recovering the image by measuring distances, segmenting the cracked image, calculating the length of the crack, etc. The apparatus is simple in structure and low in cost, is easy to operate, is not restricted by distances or shooting angles, and enables the on-site crack measuring efficiency to be improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Portable type measurement unit and method of bridge structure surface fatigue crack damage length, be mainly used in the crack length measuring bridge structure surface, belong to the science of bridge building monitoring equipment field in civil engineering work.
Background technology
Orthotropic bridge structure surface is widely used in the process of construction of Large Span Bridges.The wheel load effect of vehicle, as the top flange of girder, is directly born in bridge structure surface in bridge use procedure.Bridge structure surface is welded by several sheet member such as panel and vertical transverse stiffener, cross-seam place is provided with arc notch, its structure detail is quite complicated, when vehicle passes through, under the acting in conjunction of vehicular load, temperature load and unrelieved stress, the steel plate cross weld positions such as top board and ribbed stiffener cross weld place, ribbed stiffener butt welded joint place, top board and diaphragm plate cross weld place, ribbed stiffener and diaphragm plate cross weld place easily produce local stress, be out of shape also very complicated, can crack.The uncertainty of Crack Extension brings adverse influence also can to the safety of bridge.
At present, the detection means for bridge structure surface crack length is less, in actual bridge testing process, is use steel ruler to measure by survey crew mostly to crackle measurement of length.Simultaneously, due to the complex structure of steel box-girder, traditional crack length is measured, inefficiency, and can not the length of Measurement accuracy crackle, more effectively cannot sort out, process information such as crack length, crack growth trend, traditional metering system can not meet the modernization demand of bridge machinery.
Based on above situation, design one is simply portable, and the efficient crack length measurement mechanism simultaneously can followed the tracks of crackle development trend has again become technical matters urgently to be resolved hurrily.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention: in order to overcome the inefficient deficiency of existing measurement means, the invention provides a kind of measurement mechanism simple and easy to operate, this measurement mechanism can realize measuring fast and accurately bridge structure surface crack length, scene completes reading to measurement data and record, improves engineering practice efficiency.
Technical scheme: for solving the problems of the technologies described above, portable crack length measurement mechanism provided by the invention, comprise image acquisition section, ranging unit and image processing section, described image acquisition section is used for the shape image of Taking Pictures recording crackle, described ranging unit is for obtaining range data, described image processing part is used for correction crack image being done to Binding distance data affine relation, and carries out segmentation and length computation to the crack image revising reduction.
Particularly, described image acquisition section comprises camera lens, flashlamp, display screen and shutter, and described flashlamp is used for providing illumination, and described display screen is for locating crack position.
Particularly, described ranging unit comprises the first infrared distance measurement device, the second infrared distance measurement device and the 3rd infrared distance measurement device that are positioned on equilateral triangle three summits, through the centre of form of equilateral triangle on the optical axis of described camera lens.
Particularly, described image processing section has slide mark and track, slip mark navigation button, runs button, for carrying out split fix process to the image after correction reduction, obtains total length of cracks by the crack length calculating each section.
The present invention proposes to apply the method that body structure surface crack length measured by above-mentioned portable crack length measurement mechanism simultaneously, it is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
The first step, carries out Image Acquisition by shutter, focusing key, camera lens, flashlamp to target structure surface crackle;
Second step, carries out range observation and location by infrared distance measurement device to crackle position, sets up the affine relation of actual crack shape and measurement image, carries out the correction of crack image;
3rd step, carries out rear sharpening to the image after affine reduction and highlights crack edge, and take gray scale as index, pixel is unit, lines by line scan to image, accurately obtains slit region; Regulate the mark counterincision print image that slides to carry out segmentation, the crackle of reality is divided into the segment of near linear section, segmentation calculates the crack length in units of pixel, and is converted into actual crack length by resolution parameter;
By aforesaid operations step, measurement mechanism at the scene completes the overall process of the acquisition of crack image, correction and length computation.
Particularly, the first infrared distance measurement device in described second step, the second infrared distance measurement device and the 3rd infrared distance measurement device are by launching, receiving Infrared, carry out 3 range findings simultaneously, target crack planes is positioned, set up objective plane and the interplanar corresponding relation of image sensor, the image directly taking acquisition is converted into just to image, revises the scalloping that oblique shooting causes.
Particularly, carry out segmentation by the mobile mark counterincision line curve that slides in described 3rd step, make each section be similar to straight line, then system carries out crack length calculating to each section; Crack length Computing Principle: after completing segmentation, system is in units of pixel, each section is lined by line scan, take gray scale as index, the crackle of high gray portion is positioned, obtain initial row and the termination row of crackle, obtain height h, in like manner, each section is scanned by column and obtains each section of crack width d, calculate the length in pixels of this segmentation according to Pythagorean theorem
and by pixel resolution ppi, the crackle length in pixels of segmentation on picture is changed into crackle physical length L
i; Finally by the length L of each for crackle segmentation
isummation obtains the length of crackle reality
and on screen, show crack length and the total length of each segmentation.
During use, after testing staff finds crackle, use this measurement mechanism, flashlamp provides sufficient light source, regulates focusing button, and find target crack position and press shutter picked-up crackle, crackle, by camera lens imaging on a sensor, obtains crack image.Infrared distance measurement measurement device distance, corrects crack image by setting up affine relation simultaneously.After obtaining the image after affine reduction, directly can carry out the calculating of trend analysis and crack length to crack image.The data of this crack length measurement mechanism calculate and data storage function is completed by internal integrated circuit.Crack length measurement mechanism is in work process, and by Power supply, charging and the data copy of device are completed by USB interface.
Beneficial effect: the present invention can significantly improve bridge structure surface crack length detection efficiency, structure is simple, easy and simple to handle, with low cost, and not by the restriction of distance, shooting angle, even if oblique shooting also can measure body structure surface crack length easily.
Except technical matters, the technical characteristic forming technical scheme and the advantage brought by the technical characteristic of these technical schemes that the present invention recited above solves, the advantage that the other technologies feature comprised in the other technologies problem that portable crack length measurement mechanism of the present invention and method can solve, technical scheme and these technical characteristics bring, will be described in more detail by reference to the accompanying drawings.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the front view of the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the rear view of Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is the left view of Fig. 2;
Fig. 4 is the vertical view of Fig. 1;
Fig. 5 is the upward view of Fig. 1;
Fig. 6 is the 1-1 sectional view of Fig. 2;
Fig. 7 is the working state schematic representation of Fig. 1;
Fig. 8 is basic functional principle schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 9 is the principle sketch of Fig. 8;
Figure 10 is image processing operations schematic diagram of the present invention;
Figure 11 is image procossing principle schematic of the present invention;
In figure: 1. fuselage, 2. LCDs, 3. shutter and switch, 4. focusing button, mark of 5. sliding, 6. sliding rail, 7. mark of sliding navigation button, 8. runs button, 9. camera lens, 10. the first infrared distance measurement device, 11. second infrared distance measurement devices, 13. the 3rd infrared distance measurement devices, 13. flashlamp, 14.USB interface, 15. power supplys, 16. internal integrated circuits, 17. image sensors.
Embodiment
Embodiment:
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, illustrate the present invention further, these embodiments should be understood only be not used in for illustration of the present invention and limit the scope of the invention, after having read the present invention, the amendment of those skilled in the art to the various equivalent form of value of the present invention has all fallen within the application's claims limited range.
As shown in Fig. 1 ~ Fig. 6, this steel bridge crack length measurement mechanism by fuselage 1, LCDs 2, shutter and switch 3, focusing button 4, slip mark 5, sliding rail 6, mark of sliding navigation button 7, runs button 8, camera lens 9, the first infrared distance measurement device 10, second infrared distance measurement device 11 and the 3rd infrared distance measurement device 12, flashlamp 13, usb 14, power supply 15, internal integrated circuit 16, image sensor 17 forms.Wherein the first infrared distance measurement device 10, second infrared distance measurement device 11 and the 3rd infrared distance measurement device 12 line formed equilateral triangle, this equilateral triangle with camera lens 9 optical axis for the centre of form.The data of this crack length measurement mechanism calculate and data storage function is completed by internal integrated circuit 16.Crack length measurement mechanism, in work process, is powered by power supply 15, and the charging of device and data copy are completed by usb 14.
During use as shown in Figure 7, after bridge machinery personnel find crackle, set up anchor point 1, anchor point 2 and anchor point 3 at crackle periphery, the first infrared distance measurement device, the second infrared distance measurement device and the 3rd infrared distance measurement device of this measurement mechanism corresponding.Length presses switch open machine, and logical flashlamp provides substantial light photograph, regulates focusing button, and find target crack position and press shutter picked-up crackle, crackle passes through camera lens imaging on a sensor, acquisition crack image.The distance of measurement and positioning point and measurement mechanism simultaneously, by setting up affine relation, corrects crack image.
Image rectification principle of work: as shown in Figure 8, while pickup image, by the first infrared distance measurement device, the second infrared distance measurement device and the 3rd infrared distance measurement device (the infrared distance measurement device 1 namely in figure, infrared distance measurement device 2 and infrared distance measurement device 3) measuring distance, obtain the distance l of crack length measurement mechanism to crackle place plane
1~ l
3thus position (in less scope to objective plane, target face can be approximately plane), when known focal distance f, under the principle of pinhole imaging system, the mapping relations one to one of crackle place Plane-point and the upper point of projection plane (i.e. photo) can be set up.
With camera lens (convex lens) for initial point sets up coordinate system, the infrared distance measurement points (r, 0,0) arranged by three places' one-tenth 60 degree,
obtain parameter l
1, l
2, l
3, thus obtain anchor point 1 (r, 0, l
1), anchor point
anchor point
objective plane expression formula can be obtained
Namely AX+BY+CZ+D=0 (wherein
R is the coordinate of infrared facility 1 in x-axis).
As shown in Figure 9, according to the principle of pinhole imaging system, set up any point H ' (x on projection plane
0, y
0,-f) with realistic objective crack planes on put H (X, Y, Z) mapping relations one to one:
When device and crackle place plane are definitely just right, i.e. l
1=l
2=l
3, objective plane expression formula is reduced to Z=l
1, mapping relations are:
Z＝l
1
By above mapping relations, can when just to and anon-normal to shooting, the affine true picture being reduced to target crackle of image after oblique, aperture is mapped, and directly showing on screen, thus reach and do not limit to by shooting angle, the convenient object freely obtaining crack image.
After obtaining the image after affine reduction, directly can carry out trend analysis to crack image, counting crack length.
As shown in Figure 10, when calculating crack length, survey crew presses operation button, and system carries out Edge contrast to image automatically, improves the contrast of image, manifests slit region border.After having processed, the slip mark of survey crew shift position 1 and position 2, carries out segmentation to crackle curve, makes each section be similar to straight line.When segmentation, survey crew presses 7 slip mark navigation buttons (or double-clicking navigation button, the last location of cancellation) in segmentation place, and now screen can show corresponding segmented line.After completing all segmentations, survey crew presses 8 operation buttons again, and system carries out crack length calculating to each section.
Crack length Computing Principle is as follows: as shown in figure 11, after completing segmentation, system, in units of pixel, is lined by line scan to each section, take gray scale as index, crackle (high gray portion) is positioned, obtains initial row and the termination row of crackle, obtain height h, in like manner, scan by column each section and obtain each section of crack width d, according to Pythagorean theorem, system calculates the length in pixels of this segmentation automatically
and by pixel resolution ppi, the crackle length in pixels of segmentation on picture is changed into crackle physical length L
i=25.4*l
i/ ppi (unit: millimeter) (wherein: 25.4 is the reduction coefficient of pixel unit inch and long measure millimeter).Finally, by the length L of each for crackle segmentation
isummation, can obtain the length of crackle reality
screen is by the crack length of each segmentation of display and total length.
Below by reference to the accompanying drawings embodiments of the present invention are described in detail, but the present invention is not limited to described embodiment.For those of ordinary skill in the art, in the scope of principle of the present invention and technological thought, embodiment is carried out to these embodiments and carries out multiple change, amendment, replacement and distortion and still fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. a portable crack length measurement mechanism, it is characterized in that comprising: image acquisition section, ranging unit and image processing section, described image acquisition section is used for the shape image of Taking Pictures recording crackle, described ranging unit is for obtaining range data, described image processing part is used for correction crack image being done to Binding distance data affine relation, and carries out segmentation and length computation to the crack image revising reduction.
2. portable crack length measurement mechanism according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described image acquisition section comprises camera lens, flashlamp, display screen and shutter, described flashlamp is used for providing illumination, and described display screen is for locating crack position.
3. portable crack length measurement mechanism according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: described ranging unit comprises the first infrared distance measurement device, the second infrared distance measurement device and the 3rd infrared distance measurement device that are positioned on equilateral triangle three summits, through the centre of form of equilateral triangle on the optical axis of described camera lens.
4. portable crack length measurement mechanism according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described image processing section has slide mark and track, slip mark navigation button, runs button, for carrying out split fix process to revising the image after reducing, obtain total length of cracks by the crack length calculating each section.
5. a method for body structure surface crack length measured by the portable crack length measurement mechanism of application, it is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
The first step, carries out Image Acquisition by shutter, focusing key, camera lens, flashlamp to target structure surface crackle;
Second step, carries out range observation and location by infrared distance measurement device to crackle position, sets up the affine relation of actual crack shape and measurement image, carries out the correction of crack image;
3rd step, carries out rear sharpening to the image after affine reduction and highlights crack edge, and take gray scale as index, pixel is unit, lines by line scan to image, accurately obtains slit region; Regulate the mark counterincision print image that slides to carry out segmentation, the crackle of reality is divided into the segment of near linear section, segmentation calculates the crack length in units of pixel, and is converted into actual crack length by resolution parameter;
By aforesaid operations step, measurement mechanism at the scene completes the overall process of the acquisition of crack image, correction and length computation.
6. the measuring method of portable crack length measurement mechanism according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: the first infrared distance measurement device in described second step, the second infrared distance measurement device and the 3rd infrared distance measurement device are by launching, receiving Infrared, carry out 3 range findings simultaneously, target crack planes is positioned, set up objective plane and the interplanar corresponding relation of image sensor, the image directly taking acquisition is converted into just to image, revises the scalloping that oblique shooting causes.
7. the measuring method of portable crack length measurement mechanism according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: in described 3rd step, carry out segmentation by the mobile mark counterincision line curve that slides, make each section be similar to straight line, then system carries out crack length calculating to each section; Crack length Computing Principle: after completing segmentation, system is in units of pixel, each section is lined by line scan, take gray scale as index, the crackle of high gray portion is positioned, obtain initial row and the termination row of crackle, obtain height h, in like manner, each section is scanned by column and obtains each section of crack width d, calculate the length in pixels of this segmentation according to Pythagorean theorem
, and by pixel resolution ppi, the crackle length in pixels of segmentation on picture is changed into crackle physical length
; Finally by the length of each for crackle segmentation
summation obtains the length of crackle reality
, and on screen, show crack length and the total length of each segmentation.
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| CN109596072A (en) * | 2018-06-25 | 2019-04-09 | 北京星和众工设备技术股份有限公司 | Vision measurement system |
| CN109814121A (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2019-05-28 | 湖南达诺智能机器人科技有限公司 | Positioning method, apparatus, terminal and computer-readable medium in high-speed rail box beam abdomen |
| CN110155369A (en) * | 2019-05-29 | 2019-08-23 | 中国民航大学 | A kind of aircraft skin face crack inspection method |
| CN110220471A (en) * | 2019-06-27 | 2019-09-10 | 广西柳钢东信科技有限公司 | A kind of molten metal trough erosion degree detection method |
| CN110953987A (en) * | 2019-11-28 | 2020-04-03 | 河海大学 | Method and device for measuring fatigue crack outer deformation of steel bridge deck |
| CN112529880A (en) * | 2020-12-16 | 2021-03-19 | 武汉巨合科技有限公司 | Dam image crack detection device and method based on binocular vision |
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| CN112529880A (en) * | 2020-12-16 | 2021-03-19 | 武汉巨合科技有限公司 | Dam image crack detection device and method based on binocular vision |
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