CN104926081B - Glass melting apparatus and melting method thereof - Google Patents
Glass melting apparatus and melting method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN104926081B CN104926081B CN201510388169.3A CN201510388169A CN104926081B CN 104926081 B CN104926081 B CN 104926081B CN 201510388169 A CN201510388169 A CN 201510388169A CN 104926081 B CN104926081 B CN 104926081B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
- Y02P40/50—Glass production, e.g. reusing waste heat during processing or shaping
- Y02P40/57—Improving the yield, e-g- reduction of reject rates
Abstract
The invention provides a melting device and a melting method thereof, which can melt glass complex powder into high-quality molten glass. Glass melting device, including outer crucible, bubbling pipe, discharging pipe and heating device, the bubbling pipe still includes the interior crucible of convex surface body structure in inserting outer crucible, interior crucible sets up the bottom in outer crucible be provided with a plurality of through-holes on the convex surface of interior crucible. The glass melting device can improve the flow path of glass liquid, optimize the overall flow residence time, effectively reduce the slow flow region of the glass liquid around the inner crucible, improve the residence time concentration of the glass liquid in the melting device and improve the uniformity of glass components by changing the structure of the devices such as the outer crucible, the inner crucible, the bubbling pipe, the discharging pipe and the like, so that the glass product has more uniform and stable physical and chemical properties such as refractive index, Abbe number and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a melting device and a melting method for glass production, in particular to an improved technology for protecting the melting device, optimizing a glass liquid flow velocity field and obtaining stable and uniform glass physical property in the process of melting glass coordination compound powder into molten glass.
Background
As is well known, the glass melting process has the following 5 basic processes: 1) the batch materials are subjected to a series of physical and chemical reactions with each other in the heating process to form a low-temperature eutectic of silicate or similar compounds; 2) when the temperature is continuously increased, the viscosity of the eutectic substance is reduced, uniform and transparent glass liquid is gradually formed inside the eutectic substance, and a large number of bubbles exist in the glass liquid; 3) after the temperature of the initially molten glass liquid is continuously raised, gas in the glass is removed, and the glass liquid is clarified; 4) gradually reducing the temperature of the clarified molten glass, on one hand, re-dissolving and absorbing small bubbles which are not eliminated into the molten glass through temperature reduction, and on the other hand, enabling the internal temperature and the composition of the molten glass to be maximally homogenized through methods such as stirring and the like; 5) and conveying the molten glass cooled to a certain temperature to a forming device through a material channel for forming.
In the glass melting process, the stage from the mixture to the initial molten glass is the most important and complicated stage in the glass melting, and the difference of the residence time or the reaction time of each part of the mixture in the stage is easy to cause the deviation of the glass components, the inconsistent gas amount in the glass, even the stones formed by unmelted substances and the reduction of the glass quality, so the selection of a glass melting device needs to be comprehensively considered according to the factors of the glass brand, the discharge amount, the quality requirement and the like in the glass melting process. In the process of melting float glass, a rectangular flame kiln is generally selected; in the production of glass fiber, a full electric melting furnace is selected; in the production of optical glass, a specially designed small continuous tank furnace is generally selected as a melting device. When a small-tonnage kiln (the discharge amount is less than one ton per day) is adopted to produce special optical glass, special attention is paid to reducing the influence of the defects of bubbles, stripes, stones and the like in the glass on the product quality, and the common method is to directly manufacture a glass melting device by adopting precious metal materials such as platinum, rhodium and alloys thereof instead of manufacturing the melting device by adopting refractory materials.
At present, generally can adopt individual layer crucible body structure when adopting the small-size melting device of noble metal preparation, plus refractory material to install heating device additional in refractory material, this structure has the saving noble metal, advantages such as reduction in production cost drops into, but because its structure is too simple, has the shortcoming in following two aspects: on one hand, when the powder is melted in the device to form molten glass, the residence time distribution in the device is poor, and certain glass melting quality problems are caused, such as the defects of calculus, stripe and the like caused by insufficient glass melting; on the other hand, when the powder contains a strong reducing component, the reduced simple substance easily causes the noble metal structure to be damaged, or the raw material impacts the crucible bottom, so that the crucible bottom is damaged, and the service life is influenced.
CN204079751U discloses a double-deck crucible body design of interior crucible dish concave sphere to this improves glass bubble quality and improves glass bubble quality stability, prevents the impact of the glass raw materials of adding to outer crucible body, but the device does not solve the gap problem that appears between interior crucible that processing technology, high temperature crucible body creep scheduling problem lead to and outer crucible, produces the deformation, and life receives the influence, further destroys the water conservancy diversion effect of this interior crucible body bottom port to glass liquid, reduces glass melting quality.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a melting device capable of melting glass complex powder into high-quality molten glass.
The present invention also provides a method of melting high quality molten glass.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problem is as follows: glass melting device, including outer crucible, bubbling pipe, discharging pipe and heating device, the bubbling pipe still includes the interior crucible of convex surface body structure in inserting outer crucible, interior crucible sets up the bottom in outer crucible be provided with a plurality of through-holes on the convex surface of interior crucible.
The inner crucible is arranged on the central position of the bottom surface of the outer crucible, and the inner crucible and the outer crucible have a common central line.
The inner crucible is spherical, ellipsoid, paraboloid or aspheric, and is preferably spherical.
The diameter of the through hole is not more than 0.25 of the circumference of a crossed line of the inner crucible and the outer crucible.
The number of the through holes is 3-25, and the through holes are preferably equal in size and are uniformly distributed.
The area of the inner crucible at the bottom of the outer crucible is 0.3-0.9, preferably 0.5-0.8 of the area of the bottom of the outer crucible.
The discharge pipe is arranged at the bottom of the outer crucible, and the starting end of the discharge pipe is positioned at the bottom of the inner crucible.
The hydraulic diameter of the discharge pipe is 0.1-0.5 of the highest height of the inner crucible in the outer crucible.
The outer crucible is cylindrical with a bottom fillet, and the diameter of the fillet is 0.1-0.6 of the diameter of the cross section of the outer crucible.
A glass melting method comprising the steps of:
1) adding glass complex powder into an outer crucible;
2) in the process of melting the powder into molten glass, the powder continuously flows to an inner crucible with a convex curved surface structure arranged at the bottom of the outer crucible and enters the inner crucible through a through hole;
3) the glass liquid after the primary melting flows out of the discharge pipe to complete the glass melting process.
In the glass melting process, preheated oxidizing atmosphere gas is always blown into the glass liquid by the bubbling pipe, so that the flow field distribution of the glass liquid is improved, the proportion of a slow flowing area in the whole glass flowing area is reduced, and the glass liquid is more fully mixed.
The cylindrical outer crucible with the round angle at the periphery of the bottom is matched with the inner crucible with the convex curved surface structure and the discharging pipe with the port cut angle, the bubbling pipe is blown with gas to have a pushing effect on the flowing of glass liquid close to a wall surface or a corner, so that the flowing of the glass liquid is accelerated, the speed field distribution of the glass liquid in the melting process can be effectively improved, the occupation ratio of the flowing slow region in the flowing region of the whole glass is reduced, and the retention time concentration ratio of the glass liquid is improved.
In the glass melting process, the height of the glass liquid level is 1-2.4 times of the inner diameter of the outer crucible, so that high-quality glass liquid can be melted.
In the glass melting process, the gas temperature blown into the bubbling tube is gas preheated to be close to the melting temperature of the molten glass, preferably preheated gas with the temperature 50-150 ℃ lower than the temperature of the molten glass, so that the glass liquid temperature field can be effectively prevented from being subjected to thermal shock, the flowing speed field of the molten glass in the whole melting device is influenced, and the quality fluctuation of the molten glass is caused.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: through the structural changes of the external crucible, the internal crucible, the bubbling pipe, the discharging pipe and other devices, the glass melting device can improve the flow path of glass liquid, optimize the overall flow residence time, effectively reduce the slow flow region of the glass liquid around the internal crucible, improve the residence time concentration of the glass liquid in the melting device, and improve the uniformity of glass components, so that the refractive index, Abbe number and other physical and chemical properties of a glass product are more uniform and stable; through the quantity of the bubbling pipes and the effective control of bubbling gas, the possibility that the raw material directly impacts a bottom platinum structure and corrodes the platinum structure can be reduced, and the glass liquid in the outer crucible is divided into an inner side region and an outer side region which are surrounded by the bubbling pipes, so that the opportunity that powder contacts the wall surface of the outer crucible can be effectively reduced, and the service life of the melting device is prolonged.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a front view of the glass melting apparatus of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a top view of fig. 1.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of another configuration of the glass melting apparatus of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the structure of the entire production line using the glass melting apparatus of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing the residence time concentration of molten glass particles in a glass melting apparatus according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1 to 2, the glass melting apparatus of the present invention comprises an outer crucible 10, an inner crucible 4 of a convex curved body structure, a bubbling pipe 3, a discharging pipe 5, a heating device 11, a temperature control device 12, a refractory outer layer 13, and a refractory inner layer 14. The outer crucible 10 is wrapped by the inner refractory material layer 14, the outer refractory material layer 13 is further arranged outside the inner refractory material layer 14, a cavity 15 is arranged between the outer refractory material layer 13 and the inner refractory material layer 14 at a spacing, and the heating device 11 is arranged in the cavity 15.
The outer layer 13 of refractory material, which is primarily intended to reduce heat loss while providing the necessary strength support for the overall glass melting apparatus, may be formed from a combination of one or more refractory materials such as lightweight insulating bricks, corundum bricks, etc.
In order to prevent air convection inside the cavity 15 from affecting the heating effect, the present invention divides the inside of the cavity 15 into a plurality of small cavities.
The heating device 11 is embedded in the cavity 15, and the heating device 11 can adopt a silicon carbon rod, a silicon molybdenum rod, a resistance wire and the like as a heating source. The choice of heat source material is mainly determined by the highest temperature of the molten glass, and when the temperature is higher than 800 ℃, a silicon carbon rod or a silicon molybdenum rod is preferably used as the heat source. When the heating device 11 works, the control system controls the working power to transfer heat to the outer crucible 10 in a heat radiation and heat conduction mode. Different positions on the outer crucible 10 are provided with temperature control devices 12, the temperature control devices 12 are utilized to measure the wall temperature of the outer crucible 10, the temperature measurement result is fed back to a control system, the control system adjusts the power again as required, closed-loop control is formed, and the temperature of the outer crucible 10 is stabilized in the temperature range required by work.
The outer crucible 10 is a melting tank for melting glass complex powder into molten glass, the material of the outer crucible 10 is mainly selected in consideration of long service life and no impurities brought into the molten glass, the invention selects and adopts noble metals and alloy materials thereof, preferably platinum and alloy thereof, and the thickness of the outer crucible 10 is controlled to be 0.5-2.5mm, preferably 1-1.5 mm.
The cross-sectional shape of the outer crucible 10 in the glass liquid flowing direction can be selected from common symmetrical geometric shapes such as a polygon, a circle, etc., and is preferably a circle. The outer crucible 10 is preferably cylindrical with a rounded bottom as shown in FIGS. 1 and 3, so that the low velocity region of the flow of the molten glass near the side wall of the outer crucible 10 can be reduced, and the flow field distribution of the molten glass in the outer crucible 10 can be improved, and the diameter of the chamfer is 0.1 to 0.6, preferably 0.3 to 0.5, of the diameter of the cross section of the outer crucible 10.
The inner layer 14 of refractory material in contact with the outer crucible 10 mainly plays a role of supporting and fixing the outer crucible 10 so that the outer crucible 10 does not deform. Therefore, the refractory inner layer 14 is preferably a refractory material having a good high-temperature mechanical strength and an expansion coefficient close to that of the material of the outer crucible 10.
The opening direction of the inner crucible 4 is arranged on the central position of the bottom surface of the outer crucible 10 in an inverted buckle mode, the inner crucible 4 and the outer crucible 10 have a common central line, the shape of the inner crucible is a convex curved surface structure, and the inner crucible can be spherical, ellipsoid, paraboloid, aspheric surface and other common container shapes, preferably spherical. The curved surface structure is preferably a symmetrical, non-angular structure. The plurality of through holes 16 are uniformly formed in the convex curved surface of the inner crucible 4 and are used for guiding the glass metal to flow, so that the low-speed area of the glass metal flowing around the inner crucible 4 is reduced, the residence time concentration of the glass metal in the glass melting device can be further improved, the residence time concentration refers to the percentage of the outflow of the same batch of glass metal in the total flow in a period of time, and the larger the value is, the better the concentration is, the closer the glass component is to the ideal component, and the more ideal the physicochemical property is.
When the size of the through hole 16 on the inner crucible 4 is too small, the flow rate of the molten glass close to the side of the through hole 16 is reduced when the molten glass flows; while the larger the size of the through-hole 16 is, the more favorable the flow of the molten glass is, but the excessively large through-hole 16 lowers the mechanical strength of the inner crucible 4, and therefore, it is necessary to determine the size of the through-hole 16 according to the size of the inner crucible 4, and the diameter of the through-hole 16 is preferably not more than 0.25 of the circumference of the intersection of the inner crucible 4 and the outer crucible 10. The larger the number of the through holes 16, the more uniform the flow of the molten glass around the inner crucible 4 and the smaller the low-speed region, but if the number of the through holes 16 is too large, the mechanical properties of the whole inner crucible 4 are affected. Therefore, the number of the through holes 16 in the inner crucible 4 is preferably 3 to 25, and the through holes 16 are preferably equal in size, and the through holes 16 are preferably uniformly distributed on the convex curved surface of the inner crucible 4.
The size of the inner crucible 4 is determined depending on the size of the outer crucible 10, and the area of the inner crucible 4 at the bottom of the outer crucible 10 is 0.3 to 0.9, preferably 0.5 to 0.8, of the area at the bottom of the outer crucible 10. The inner crucible 4 is made of platinum and platinum alloy materials, the thickness is controlled to be 0.5-2.5mm, and the preferable thickness is 1-1.5 mm.
Further, it is preferable that a hole having a diameter of 3 to 15mm, preferably 4 to 9mm, is provided at the center of the top of the inner crucible 4 for exhausting gas collected at the top of the inner crucible 4 to prevent a gas-liquid interface from being formed there, which causes the material of the inner crucible 4 to be corroded. In addition, the speed field distribution of the molten glass at the top of the inner pot 4 is improved, and the quality of the glass is improved.
The discharge pipe 5 is arranged at the bottom of the outer crucible 10, the starting end of the discharge pipe is arranged at the bottom of the inner crucible 4, and the starting end of the discharge pipe 5 is preferably arranged at the central position of the bottom of the inner crucible 4. The discharge pipe 5 penetrates through the outer crucible 4, the outer crucible 10, the outer refractory layer 13 and the inner refractory layer 14, and glass liquid subjected to primary melting is conveyed to a clarification tank for bubble removal. The tapping pipe 5 is subjected to 45-degree chamfering at the starting port in the inner crucible 4 to prevent a low-speed region from being formed around the port. The cross section of the tapping pipe 5 can be selected from conventional geometries, preferably circular or elliptical, the hydraulic diameter (a length concept in hydrodynamics) of which is 0.1 to 0.5 of the maximum height of the inner crucible 4 in the outer crucible 10. The discharging pipe 5 can be made of platinum and platinum alloy materials, and the thickness of the discharging pipe 5 is controlled to be 0.5-2.5mm, and the preferable thickness is 1-1.5 mm.
Fig. 1 and 3 show two embodiments of the tapping pipe 5, but the tapping pipe 5 according to the invention is not limited to the above two designs. The tapping pipe 5 in FIG. 1 conveys the molten glass directly out of the glass melting apparatus from the bottom of the outer crucible 10. FIG. 3 provides another design of the tapping pipe 5, in which the tapping pipe 5 is bent upwards after leaving the inner crucible 4 and then tapped on the outer crucible 10 according to the actual position requirement, and the tapping pipe 5 conveys the glass melt out of the glass melting device after passing through the tapping on the outer crucible 10, and the design of both the tapping pipes 5 can meet the requirement of producing high-quality glass.
The bubbling tube 3 is inserted into the outer crucible 10 from the outside of the glass melting device and extends into the molten glass, and the bubbling tube 3 has two options in layout, wherein the first option is to install the bubbling tube 3 at the bottom of the outer crucible 10, install the bubbling tube 3 vertically upwards from the bottom of the melting device, and completely immerse the part of the bubbling tube 3 in the outer crucible 10 into the molten glass; the second is to insert the bubbling tube 3 from the top of the melting device 2 through the surface of the molten glass downwards into the molten glass, which facilitates the position adjustment according to the product requirement during the on-site production and enables the bubbling effect to be optimal.
The position of the bubbling pipe 3 immersed in the glass liquid is related to the glass liquid level 9, the distance from the pipe orifice of the bubbling pipe 3 to the bottom of the outer crucible 10 is preferably not more than 0.5 of the distance from the glass liquid level 9 to the bottom of the outer crucible 10, and the distance from the pipe orifice of the bubbling pipe 3 to the bottom of the outer crucible 10 is more preferably 0.2 to 0.3 of the distance from the glass liquid level 9 to the bottom of the outer crucible 10. The number of the bubbling tubes 3 can be adjusted according to the quality of the molten glass. The inner diameter of the bubbling tube 3 is 3 to 12mm, and preferably 3 to 7 mm. The material of the bubble tube 3 is selected from platinum and its alloy material, and the thickness of the bubble tube 3 is 0.5-2.5mm, preferably 1-2 mm.
The gas introduced into the bubbling tube 3 is an oxidizing atmosphere gas, oxygen gas or a mixed gas of oxygen gas and an inert gas, such as compressed air, preferably a dry oxygen-containing gas, and more preferably high-purity oxygen gas. Preferably the gas has a water content of less than 4% by volume fraction, preferably a gas dew point of not more than-75 ℃, wherein the dew point is defined in meteorology as: the temperature to which the gaseous water contained in the air is saturated at a fixed pressure and condensed into liquid water is reduced, and the lower the temperature, the lower the saturated water pressure, that is, the lower the dew point, the lower the moisture content in the gas.
In addition, the materials of the outer crucible 10, the inner crucible 4, the discharge pipe 5 and the bubbling pipe 3 are selected, in addition to the consideration of mechanical strength and corrosion resistance, more importantly, impurities cannot be introduced, so that for certain glass powder materials, platinum and platinum alloy can possibly cause coloring, at the moment, other materials are selected, but the outer crucible 10, the inner crucible 4, the discharge pipe 5 and the bubbling pipe 3 are preferably made of the same material, so that the selected materials can be prevented from being fused into glass liquid to pollute the glass liquid, and the problem of structural expansion is also considered during design conveniently.
By adopting the glass melting device with the structure, the service life of the glass melting device can be effectively prolonged, and the glass melting device is particularly characterized in that:
the bubbling tube 3 for oxidizing atmosphere gas is arranged in the process of melting the glass liquid, so that the atmosphere problem in the glass melting device can be solved, the whole melting process is kept in the oxidizing atmosphere, the problem of corrosion of glass components or reducing substance particles in raw materials to platinum and platinum alloy is reduced, and the service life of the glass melting device is prolonged.
In the bubbling process, the bubbling pipe 3 has the function of preventing the unfused powder from sinking rapidly in the floating process because the gas density is smaller than that of the molten glass, so that the possibility that the raw material directly impacts the platinum materials of the outer crucible 10 and the inner crucible 4 at the bottom and corrodes the platinum materials is reduced, and the function of changing the internal flow field of the molten glass is realized. The gas floats upwards during bubbling to drive the glass liquid around the bubbles to form upward flow, and the direction is opposite to the gravity direction; in the region far from the bubble, the molten glass forms a downward flow in the same direction as the gravity. Therefore, the bubbling pipes 3 with proper quantity are arranged in the outer crucible 10, so that the glass liquid in the outer crucible 10 can be divided into an inner side area surrounded by the bubbling pipes 3 and an outer side area of the bubbling pipes 3 by utilizing the influence of bubbling on the flow of the glass liquid, thereby effectively reducing the chance that powder contacts the wall surface of the outer crucible 10, and preventing the powder which is not melted from directly contacting the wall surface of the precious metal to cause the damage of the precious metal on the wall surface and influence the service life of the glass melting device. In order to achieve the above-mentioned effects, the number of the bubbling tubes 3 is preferably 2-6, and the arrangement mode of geometric symmetry or equal spacing is adopted, so that the flow velocity of the molten glass to the periphery is basically equal after the gas blown by the bubbling tubes 3 floats to the surface, thereby obtaining the inner and outer regions of the molten glass. On the other hand, during the bubbling, the flow rate and pressure of the bubbling gas need to be controlled, so as to ensure the stable flow of the bubbling gas. The gas pressure and flow control can be selected according to the field requirements, and the preferred flow rate is 60-450 ml/min. In order to achieve the effect of the invention, the bubbling pipe 3 may be inserted from the top through the surface of the molten glass downward into the molten glass, or the bubbling pipe 3 may be mounted on the bottom of the outer crucible 10. The bubbling tube 3 can be selected from straight tubes and curved tubes, and the preferred bubbling tube 3 is substantially free from contact with bubbles when the bubbling gas floats up to the surface of the molten glass. The gas outlet end of the bubbling tube 3 immersed in the molten glass can be subjected to corner cutting treatment, so that the floating position of gas can be controlled, and the operation difficulty of field control is reduced.
In addition, in the process of melting the molten glass, by limiting the material of the refractory inner layer 14 which is in contact with the outer crucible 10, it is also possible to effectively prevent the outer crucible 10 from being cracked by the stress during heating, thereby prolonging the service life of the melting apparatus of the present invention. When the outer crucible 10 is made of platinum or its alloy, the outer crucible 10 and the inner refractory material layer 14 are expandedThe refractory inner layer 14 preferably has a thermal expansion coefficient of 5x10, as is known from the thermal expansion coefficients of platinum and its alloys, while maintaining compatibility-6K-1-15x10-6K-1More preferably a thermal expansion coefficient of 8x10-6K-1-12x10-6K-1The inner refractory layer 14 is preferably made of magnesia alumina spinel, α - β alumina or other refractory material, and when the outer crucible 10 is made of other noble metal or alloy thereof, the inner refractory layer 14 can be made of refractory material according to the thermal expansion coefficient of the material.
The present invention can provide the following melting method capable of melting high-quality molten glass by using the glass melting apparatus having the above structure.
First, in production, as shown in FIG. 4, the heating apparatus 11 in the cavity 15 of the glass melting apparatus 2 of the present invention is powered so that heat is indirectly transferred to the outer crucible 10 and its internal space through the inner layer 14 of the refractory material, and when the temperature rises to a certain extent, the glass complex powder is charged into the outer crucible 10 from the charging port 1 at the top of the outer crucible 10 while the glass level 9 is maintained within the process control range. In the charging process, heat is supplied through the heating device 11, so that the temperature inside the outer crucible 10 continuously rises, the temperature is detected through the temperature control device 12 and fed back to the control system, and the temperature range required by the process production is finally maintained, so that the complex powder generates chemical reaction and forms molten glass at a certain temperature. During the melting process, the bubbling tube 3 will always blow a preheated oxidizing atmosphere gas into the molten glass. The powder is at the melting in-process, because action of gravity, constantly to the interior crucible 4 of the convex curved surface structure of lower part flow, and inside glass liquid entered interior crucible 4 through the through-hole 16 on the interior crucible 4 of convex curved surface structure, and the glass liquid of completion of just melting sends into clarification tank 6 through the inside discharging pipe 5 ports of interior crucible 4, accomplishes the glass melting process. Carrying out bubble removal treatment in a clarification tank 6, cooling the clarified glass liquid to a certain temperature through a connecting pipe 7, then sending the cooled glass liquid into a stirring tank 8 for carrying out temperature and component homogenization treatment, finally, cooling the glass liquid to a forming temperature after the glass liquid flows out of the stirring tank 8, and entering a forming process, wherein the fluctuation of the glass liquid level 9 is kept within a process control range in the whole smelting process.
Further, the distribution of the flow field of the molten glass in the glass melting apparatus 2 is improved by the continuous bubbling action of the bubbling tube 3. In the bubbling process, because the gas density is less than that of the molten glass, the gas floats upwards to form movement opposite to the molten glass, so that the local flow direction and speed of the molten glass are changed, the residence time of the molten glass in a local area is increased, the effect of preventing unmelted powder from sinking is achieved, the ratio of a slow flowing area to the whole glass flow area is reduced by improving the distribution of a molten glass flow field, the molten glass is more fully mixed, the uniformity of glass components is better, and the physical and chemical properties of a glass product such as the refractive index, the Abbe number and the like are more uniform.
In the process of melting glass, the cylindrical outer crucible 10 with a fillet at the periphery of the bottom is matched with the inner crucible 4 with a convex curved surface structure and the discharging pipe 5 with a port chamfer, the bubbling pipe 3 blows gas and has a pushing effect on the flow of glass liquid close to a wall surface or a corner, the original flow balance is broken, the flow of the glass liquid is accelerated, the speed field distribution of the glass liquid in the melting process can be effectively improved, the occupation ratio of a slow flowing region in the whole glass flowing region is reduced, the feeding and discharging time difference of the same batch of raw materials is shortened, the residence time concentration of the glass liquid in the glass melting device 2 is improved, the component uniformity of the glass is improved, the glass liquid is more fully mixed, and the glass quality is favorably improved.
In the glass melting method, the raw materials required by melting glass are supplied by adopting a continuous feeding or intermittent feeding mode, so that the glass liquid level 9 in the outer crucible 10 can be kept within the fluctuation range allowed by production all the time, the stable glass flow is ensured, and the production of products with consistent physical and chemical properties is facilitated. When the feeding mode is adopted to supply raw materials, reasonable height design of the glass liquid level 9 is a necessary condition for melting high-quality glass liquid. The excessively high glass liquid level 9 can cause the retention time of the formed primary molten glass liquid in the glass melting device 2 to be too long, so that bubbles are removed too early or trace impurity elements in the glass are oxidized to form strong coloring components, and the color deviation of the glass is caused; and the glass liquid level 9 is too low, so that the retention time of the initial molten glass in the glass melting device 2 is too short, and even powder which is not completely melted directly enters the molten glass to form stones, so that the melting quality of the molten glass is reduced. Therefore, the height of the glass level 9 is determined by the inner diameter of the outer crucible 10, and the preferable height of the glass level 9 is 1 to 2.4 times the inner diameter of the outer crucible 10.
In the above melting method, in order to reduce the impact of the glass complex powder fed at the time of charging on the surface of the glass liquid, which causes the influence of the partial temperature change of the glass liquid close to the powder on the flow formed at the time of melting the glass liquid, it is preferable that the height from the charging port 1 to the glass liquid level 9 is 0.5 to 0.6 of the distance from the glass liquid level 9 to the bottom of the outer crucible 10. The position selection of the charging opening 1 can also prevent the powder from directly impacting the bottom of the glass melting device 2 to cause damage to the glass melting device 2 when the powder is added.
In the above-described melting method, in order to effectively prevent the temperature field of the molten glass from being subjected to thermal shock, the flow velocity field of the molten glass in the entire glass melting apparatus 2 is affected, causing fluctuations in the melting quality of the molten glass. The gas in the bubbling tube 3 needs to be preheated before entering the bubbling tube 3. The preheating treatment mode can adopt conventional heating modes such as resistance wire heating, silicon carbide rod heating and the like to heat the gas before entering the bubbling tube so as to enable the gas to reach the required temperature range. The temperature of the blast gas is preferably a gas which has been preheated to a temperature close to the melting temperature of the molten glass in the glass melting apparatus 2, preferably a preheated gas which is 50 to 150 ℃ lower than the temperature of the molten glass.
Furthermore, a flow field for melting a batch of raw materials into primary molten glass by using the glass melting device 2 of the present invention is analyzed by means of simulation analysis, and through analysis of the flow field of the glass liquid, 3000 glass liquid particles evenly distributed on a section of the glass liquid level 9 are recorded for residence time in the whole glass melting device 2, and then the residence time concentration ratio of the glass liquid particles as shown in fig. 5 is counted, wherein the abscissa in fig. 5 is the residence time of each group of particles, and is unit second; the ordinate is the residence time ratio of each group of particles. The residence time concentration is reflected in fig. 5, namely the peak value and the half-peak width of the formed curve are formed, and the higher the peak value of the curve is, the smaller the half-peak width is, which indicates that the residence time concentration of the particles is higher; conversely, the lower the peak value of the curve, the wider the half-width, the worse the concentration of the particles in the residence time, that is, the more dispersed the residence time of the same batch of molten glass in the glass melting apparatus 2, the more likely the molten glass to have composition differences, thus making the physicochemical properties of the product unstable.
In addition, the occupation ratio of the slow flow rate region in the flow field in the whole glass melting device 2 region in the statistical simulation analysis result is obtained, and the occupation ratio of the slow flow rate region in the whole glass melting device 2 fluid region when the glass melting device 2 of the invention is used for melting the glass liquid is 10.2%. The slow flow rate region is a flow region occupied by particles with flow rate 0.1 times or less of the speed of the particles with the fastest flow rate in the whole glass liquid flowing process. Considering the influence factors of the wall surface of the glass melting device 2, a slow flow rate region of 10.2% is very desirable, and the requirement of the melting quality of the glass melt can be completely met.
The method is suitable for melting glass liquid such as optical glass, borosilicate glass and the like, and is particularly suitable for melting environment-friendly heavy flint glass, lanthanide glass, low-melting-point glass and low-refraction low-dispersion glass.
Furthermore, the invention is particularly suitable for glass melting processes with a melting quantity of 1t/d or less.
In addition, the invention can also be used for the remelting process of the optical glass by adopting the glass slag as the raw material.
Claims (20)
1. Glass melting device, including outer crucible (10), bubbling pipe (3), discharging pipe (5) and heating device (11), bubbling pipe (3) insert outer crucible (10) in, its characterized in that: still including interior crucible (4) of the convex curved surface body structure of no edges and corners, interior crucible (4) set up the bottom in outer crucible (10) be provided with a plurality of through-holes (16) on the convex curved surface of interior crucible (4), the heat of heating device (11) passes through refractory material inlayer (14) and transmits outer crucible (10) and inner space thereof, bubbling pipe (3) adopt geometrical symmetry to arrange or equidistant arrangement.
2. The glass melting apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the inner crucible (4) is arranged on the central position of the bottom surface of the outer crucible (10), and the inner crucible (4) and the outer crucible (10) have a common central line.
3. The glass melting apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the inner crucible (4) is spherical, ellipsoid, paraboloid or aspheric.
4. The glass melting apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the inner crucible (4) is spherical.
5. The glass melting apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the diameter of the through hole (16) is not more than 0.25 of the circumference of the intersecting line of the inner crucible (4) and the outer crucible (10).
6. The glass melting apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the number of the through holes (16) is 3-25.
7. The glass melting apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the through holes (16) are equal in size and are uniformly distributed.
8. The glass melting apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the area of the inner crucible (4) at the bottom of the outer crucible (10) is 0.3-0.9 of the area of the bottom of the outer crucible (10).
9. The glass melting apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the area of the inner crucible (4) at the bottom of the outer crucible (10) is 0.5-0.8 of the area of the bottom of the outer crucible (10).
10. The glass melting apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the discharge pipe (5) is arranged at the bottom of the outer crucible (10), and the starting end of the discharge pipe is positioned at the bottom of the inner crucible (4).
11. The glass melting apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the hydraulic diameter of the discharge pipe (5) is 0.1-0.5 of the highest height of the inner crucible (4) in the outer crucible (10).
12. The glass melting apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the outer crucible (10) is cylindrical with a bottom fillet, and the diameter of the fillet is 0.1-0.6 of the diameter of the cross section of the outer crucible (10).
13. The glass melting apparatus of claim 1, wherein: a hole with the diameter of 3-15mm is arranged at the center of the top of the inner crucible (4).
14. The glass melting apparatus of claim 1, wherein: a hole with the diameter of 4-9mm is arranged at the center of the top of the inner crucible (4).
15. A glass melting method using the glass melting apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
1) after the heat of the heating device (11) is transferred to the outer crucible (10) and the internal space thereof through the inner layer (14) of the refractory material, adding the glass complex powder into the outer crucible (10);
2) in the process of melting the powder into molten glass, the powder continuously flows to an inner crucible (4) with a convex curved surface structure arranged at the bottom of an outer crucible (10) and enters the inner crucible (4) through a through hole (16);
3) the glass liquid after the primary melting flows out from the discharge pipe (5) to complete the glass melting process.
16. The glass melting method of claim 15, wherein: in the glass melting process, the bubbling tube (3) always bubbles preheated oxidizing atmosphere gas into the glass liquid, so that the flow field distribution of the glass liquid is improved, the proportion of a slow flowing area in the whole glass flowing area is reduced, and the glass liquid is more fully mixed.
17. The glass melting method of claim 15, wherein: through adopting cylindric outer crucible (10) cooperation convex curved surface structure around the bottom interior crucible (4) and port corner cut's discharging pipe (5), bubble pipe (3) are blown gas and are had the pushing action to the glass liquid flow that is close to wall or corner, make glass liquid flow accelerate, effectively improve the velocity field distribution of glass liquid in melting process, reduce the slow regional proportion of flowing in whole glass flow region, improve the dwell time concentration degree that glass liquid was in.
18. The glass melting method of claim 15, wherein: in the glass melting process, the height of the glass liquid level (9) is 1-2.4 times of the inner diameter of the outer crucible (10), and high-quality glass liquid is melted.
19. The glass melting method of claim 15, wherein: in the glass melting process, the gas temperature blown into the bubbling tube (3) is the gas preheated to be close to the melting temperature of the molten glass, so that the temperature field of the molten glass is effectively prevented from being subjected to thermal shock, the flowing speed field of the molten glass in the whole melting device is influenced, and the quality fluctuation of the molten glass is caused.
20. The glass melting method of claim 15, wherein: during the glass melting process, the bubbling pipe (3) blows gas with the temperature which is preheated to 50-150 ℃ lower than the temperature of the molten glass.
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| CN111204955A (en) * | 2020-01-16 | 2020-05-29 | 成都光明光电股份有限公司 | Method for producing optical glass |
| CN113200668B (en) * | 2021-05-28 | 2022-01-25 | 成都光明光电股份有限公司 | Optical glass melting apparatus and method |
| CN114057396A (en) * | 2021-12-14 | 2022-02-18 | 赵嘉成 | Acid and alkali resistant colorful glass and preparation method thereof |
| CN114436505B (en) * | 2022-02-10 | 2023-07-25 | 成都光明光电股份有限公司 | Optical glass clarifying device and clarifying method thereof |
| CN114988706A (en) * | 2022-06-25 | 2022-09-02 | 湖北戈碧迦光电科技股份有限公司 | Containing Li 2 Si 2 O 3 And Li 2 Si 2 O 5 Crystalline Li-Al-Si glass ceramics and preparation method thereof |
| CN115403246A (en) * | 2022-09-30 | 2022-11-29 | 成都光明光电股份有限公司 | Manufacturing device and manufacturing method of optical glass |
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