CN104916194A - Thermotics, electromagnetics and optics comprehensive experiment instrument - Google Patents
Thermotics, electromagnetics and optics comprehensive experiment instrument Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN104916194A CN104916194A CN201510382461.4A CN201510382461A CN104916194A CN 104916194 A CN104916194 A CN 104916194A CN 201510382461 A CN201510382461 A CN 201510382461A CN 104916194 A CN104916194 A CN 104916194A
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- jacking block
- measured
- sliding seat
- metal bar
- light beam
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
- G09B23/00—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
- G09B23/06—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for physics
- G09B23/16—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for physics for science of heat
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
- G09B23/00—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
- G09B23/06—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for physics
- G09B23/18—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for physics for electricity or magnetism
- G09B23/181—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for physics for electricity or magnetism for electric and magnetic fields; for voltages; for currents
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
- G09B23/00—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
- G09B23/06—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for physics
- G09B23/22—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for physics for optics
Abstract
The invention relates to a thermotics, electromagnetics and optics comprehensive experiment instrument comprising a moving mirror, a fixed mirror, a splitting mirror, a compensation board, a light source, and a fixture. The fixture includes a movable seat and a fixed seat. The moving mirror is arranged on the movable seat. The movable seat is connected with the fixed seat through multiple fixing bolts. An electric furnace is arranged on the fixed seat, an excitation coil is arranged in the electric furnace, and a heating coil is arranged in the excitation coil. A metal bar to be tested is placed in the heating coil, and the metal bar to be tested can be ejected by ejector blocks arranged on the movable seat and the fixed seat respectively. The thermotics, electromagnetics and optics comprehensive experiment instrument of the invention can be used to comprehensively inspect basic knowledge of physics and comprehensive experimental ability of students in thermotics, electromagnetics and optics.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of experimental provision, particularly a kind of calorifics, electromagnetics, optical synthetic experiment instrument.
Background technology
Distinguishing hierarchy empirically, Physical Experiment can be divided into basic experiment, comprehensive experiment, experiment designed etc., and wherein comprehensive experiment is the indispensable important component part of Physical Experiment.Comprehensive experiment requires to have in two comprehensive: one is to have comprehensive on knowledge point, and content relates to the comprehensive knowledge of more than two correlated curriculums; Two is to have comprehensive in laboratory facilities, and the experimental facilities used and laboratory facilities should comprise the two or more branch of physics.If should use the experimental facilities in optics in a comprehensive experiment, use the experimental facilities of electricity aspect again, student just needs to apply corresponding knowledge and experimental skill can complete.
At present, offer and relate to multi-door course, multiple knowledge point, investigate the large-scale synthesis experiment of the integrated application of kinds of experiments skills and knowledge, each Physics Practical Courses is badly in need of.
Summary of the invention
The present invention will solve comprehensive experiment of the prior art to the investigation of students'comprehensive ability not comprehensively technical matters, provides a kind of kinds of experiments skills and knowledge integrated use of can investigating, calorifics, electromagnetics, optical synthetic experiment instrument.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, technical scheme of the present invention is specific as follows:
A kind of calorifics, electromagnetics, optical synthetic experiment instrument, comprising: index glass, horizontal glass, beam splitter, compensating plate, light source and fixture;
From the light beam that described light source sends, folded light beam and transmitted light beam can be divided in the semi-reflective surface of described beam splitter;
Described transmitted light beam through horizontal glass described in described compensating plate directive, and again through described compensating plate after described horizontal glass reflection, then can reflect on described beam splitter;
Index glass described in described folded light beam directive, again through described beam splitter after described index glass reflection, then can interfere with the described transmitted light beam reflected through described beam splitter;
Described fixture comprises sliding seat and holder; Described index glass is arranged in described sliding seat;
Described sliding seat is connected with described holder by multiple set bolt;
Described holder is provided with electric furnace, is provided with field coil in described electric furnace, is provided with heater coil in described field coil; Metal bar to be measured is placed with in described heater coil; The jacking block that described metal bar to be measured can be separately positioned on described sliding seat and described holder holds out against.
In technique scheme, the top of each described set bolt is provided with the gland nut described sliding seat compressed, and is provided with spring between described gland nut and described sliding seat.
In technique scheme, the field coil in described electric furnace and heater coil can work respectively, or work simultaneously.
In technique scheme, the scope of the temperature in the adjustable described electric furnace of described heater coil is 20 ~ 100 DEG C.
In technique scheme, the quantity of described set bolt is 4.
In technique scheme, the material of described jacking block is quartz glass.
In technique scheme, in described fixture, be also provided with the supporting plate that is used for holding article to be measured.
In technique scheme, be respectively equipped with one on the top of two described jacking blocks and be suitable for article to be measured and steadily slide and to drop on supporting plate domatic.
The present invention has following beneficial effect:
Calorifics of the present invention, electromagnetics, optical synthetic experiment instrument can investigate the calorifics of student, electromagnetics, the basic physics knowledge of optics aspect and comprehensive experimental ability comprehensively.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention is described in further detail.
Fig. 1 is the light path principle schematic diagram of calorifics of the present invention, electromagnetics, optical synthetic experiment instrument.Dotted line frame in figure represents the equivalent position of horizontal glass.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of calorifics of the present invention, electromagnetics, optical synthetic experiment instrument.
Fig. 3 is the cross-sectional view of the fixture in calorifics of the present invention, electromagnetics, optical synthetic experiment instrument.
Reference numeral in figure is expressed as:
1-index glass; 21-set bolt; 22-gland nut; 23-spring; 3-sliding seat; 4-holder;
41-electric furnace; 5,8-jacking block; 61-field coil; 62-heater coil; 7-metal bar to be measured;
9-beam splitter; 10-compensating plate; 11-horizontal glass; 12-base; 13-supporting plate; 51,81-is domatic.
Embodiment
Invention thought of the present invention is:
The comprehensive knowledge of the multi-door correlated curriculums such as calorifics, electromagnetics, optics is combined, forms a large-scale synthesis experiment designed, investigate the integrated use of kinds of experiments skills and knowledge.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in detail.
As Figure 1-3, a kind of calorifics, electromagnetics, optical synthetic experiment instrument, comprise and be arranged on base 12: index glass 1, horizontal glass 11, beam splitter 9, compensating plate 10, light source and fixture; Described index glass 1 and described horizontal glass 11 are orthogonal level crossing; Described beam splitter 9 and the flat glass plate of compensating plate 10 for being parallel to each other, with index glass 1 and horizontal glass 11 angle all at 45 °; A surface of described beam splitter 9 is coated with semi-reflective gold and belongs to film; Described fixture comprises described sliding seat 3 and holder 4; Described index glass 1 is arranged in described sliding seat 3; Described sliding seat 3 is connected with holder 4 by 4 set bolts 21; The top of each described set bolt 21 is provided with the gland nut 22 described sliding seat 3 compressed, and is provided with spring 23 between described gland nut 22 and described sliding seat 3.Described holder 4 is provided with electric furnace 41, is provided with field coil 61 in described electric furnace 41, is provided with heater coil 62 in described field coil 61; Metal bar 7 to be measured is placed with in described heater coil 62; Described metal bar to be measured 7 can be separately positioned on jacking block 5 on described sliding seat 3 and described holder 4, jacking block 8 holds out against.The material of described jacking block 5, jacking block 8 is quartz glass.The supporting plate 13 that one is used for holding metal bar 7 to be measured is also provided with in described fixture.Be respectively equipped with one to be suitable for metal bar 7 to be measured and steadily to slide on the top of jacking block 5 and jacking block 8 and drop on domatic 51 on supporting plate 13 and domatic 81.
From the light beam that light source sends, folded light beam and transmitted light beam can be divided in the semi-reflective surface of described beam splitter 9; Transmitted light beam through compensating plate 10 directive horizontal glass 11, and again through compensating plate 10 after horizontal glass 11 reflects, then can reflect on beam splitter 9; Folded light beam directive index glass 1, again through beam splitter 9 after index glass 1 reflects, then can interfere with the transmitted light beam reflected through beam splitter 9.
Field coil 61 in electric furnace 41 and heater coil 62 can work respectively, also can work simultaneously; The scope of the temperature in the adjustable electric furnace 41 of heater coil 62 is 20 ~ 100 DEG C.
As shown in the light path of Fig. 1, the light that pointolite sends is mapped on the transflective layer of beam splitter 9, is divided into transmitted light beam and folded light beam, reflects respectively through horizontal glass 2 and index glass 1, finally meets at E place to produce and interferes.Dotted line frame in Fig. 1 represents the equivalent position of horizontal glass 2.Interference can regard the film interference that the air film between the equivalent position of horizontal glass 2 and index glass 1 produces as.
The two-beam of interfering at E place also can be regarded as and be sent by two pointolites, and their distance is 2 times of the equivalent position of horizontal glass 2 and the spacing d of index glass 1, i.e. 2d.Two pointolites are approximately (air refraction n ≈ 1) to the optical path difference of any point on screen:
Wherein,
for incident angle.
Strengthened by interference, weakened condition:
Wherein, λ is the wavelength of light.
In interference circle center,
from (2) formula, d increase (or reduction) Δ d, Δ k stripe that center just can " gush out " (or " swallowing "), the relationship of the two is:
By (3) formula, center often gushes out (or a swallowing) striped, increase (or reduction) amount of d is half wavelength.The fringe number that the Distance geometry measuring index glass movement gulps down (or telling), just can obtain wavelength; If known wavelength, count gulp down (or telling) fringe number also can find range from.
Apply calorifics of the present invention, Physical Experiment that electromagnetics, optical synthetic experiment instrument can carry out multiple different subject, illustrate respectively below by different embodiments.
The wavelength X of the light that embodiment 1 known luminaire sends is 500.0nm, measures the length l of metal bar to be measured
0
The jacking block 5 be separately positioned on described sliding seat 3 and described holder 4, jacking block 8 are held out against; Progressively pull open jacking block 5 and jacking block 8, and keep the situation of change of observing interference fringe, fall between jacking block 5 and jacking block 8 until metal bar 7 to be measured slides along domatic 51 and domatic 81, held by supporting plate 13, the two ends of the length of metal bar 7 to be measured are clamped by jacking block 5 and jacking block 8.At this moment, total varied number Δ k=330 of recording interference fringe, 000.
According to l
0=Δ k λ/2, calculate the length l of metal bar to be measured
0for 82.500mm.
The wavelength X of the light that embodiment 2 known luminaire sends is 600.0nm, measures the diameter D of metal bar to be measured
The jacking block 5 be separately positioned on described sliding seat 3 and described holder 4, jacking block 8 are held out against; Progressively pull open jacking block 5 and jacking block 8, and keep the situation of change of observing interference fringe, fall between jacking block 5 and jacking block 8 until metal bar 7 to be measured slides along domatic 51 and domatic 81, held by supporting plate 13, the two ends of the diameter of metal bar 7 to be measured are clamped by jacking block 5 and jacking block 8.At this moment, total varied number Δ k=110 of recording interference fringe, 000.
According to D=Δ k λ/2, calculate the diameter D=33.00mm of metal bar to be measured.
The length of the known metal bar to be measured of embodiment 3, measures optical maser wavelength
The jacking block 5 be separately positioned on described sliding seat 3 and described holder 4, jacking block 8 are held out against; Progressively pull open jacking block 5 and jacking block 8, and keep the situation of change of observing interference fringe, until length l
0for the metal bar to be measured 7 of 8cm falls between jacking block 5 and jacking block 8 along domatic 51 and domatic 81 slips, held by supporting plate 13, the two ends of the length of metal bar 7 to be measured are clamped by jacking block 5 and jacking block 8.At this moment, total varied number Δ k=300 of recording interference fringe, 000.
According to λ=2l
0/ Δ k, calculating laser wavelength lambda is 533.0nm.
Embodiment 4 measures Distribution of Magnetic Field, determines uniform magnetic field scope and magnetic induction density B
Assistant experiment instrument comprises: stabilized current supply, stabilized voltage supply, amp gauge.
Field coil 61 is energized, in fixture, forms magnetic field utilize above-mentioned assistant experiment instrument to measure the Distribution of Magnetic Field in fixture and magnetic induction density B according to Hall's technique.Obtaining measurement result is: in field coil 61, the field homogeneity in the region between two jacking blocks 5 and jacking block 8 and the strongest.
Magnetostriction coefficient μ is measured under embodiment 5 normal temperature
Be l by length
0metal bar to be measured 7 hold out against with jacking block 5 and jacking block 8 respectively;
Be energized to field coil 61, in field coil 61, the region between two jacking blocks 5 and jacking block 8 forms uniform magnetic field; Observe the pattern of interference fringe;
Change the electrical current of field coil 61, and then change magnetic field intensity B;
Total varied number Δ k of recording interference fringe pattern;
According to Δ l=Δ k λ/2, μ=Δ l/l
0b, calculates magnetostriction coefficient μ; Wherein, Δ l is the length variations amount of metal bar 7 to be measured, and λ is optical maser wavelength.
Embodiment 6 measures dynamic magnetostriction coefficient μ (T)
Be l by length
0metal bar to be measured 7 hold out against with jacking block 5 and jacking block 8 respectively;
Be energized to field coil 61, in field coil 61, the region between jacking block 5 and jacking block 8 forms uniform magnetic field; Observe the pattern of interference fringe;
Heater coil 62 is energized, changes the temperature T in fixture, be warmed up to 100 DEG C by 20 DEG C;
Total varied number Δ k of recording interference fringe pattern;
According to Δ l (T)=Δ k λ/2, μ (T)=Δ l/l
0b, calculates dynamic magnetostriction coefficient μ (T); Wherein, Δ l (T) for the length variations amount of metal bar 7 to be measured, B be magnetic field intensity, λ is optical maser wavelength.
Embodiment 7 measures linear expansion coefficient κ
Be l by length
0metal bar to be measured 7 hold out against with jacking block 5 and jacking block 8 respectively;
Observe the pattern of interference fringe;
Heater coil 62 is energized, changes the temperature T in fixture, be warmed up to 100 DEG C by 20 DEG C;
Total varied number Δ k of recording interference fringe pattern;
According to Δ l (T)=Δ k λ/2; κ=Δ l (T)/l
0, calculate linear expansion coefficient κ; Wherein, the temperature variant variable quantity of length that Δ l (T) is metal bar 7 to be measured, λ is optical maser wavelength.
Embodiment 8 Comprehensive Experiment
Step I: measure Distribution of Magnetic Field, determine uniform magnetic field scope and magnetic induction density B
Assistant experiment instrument comprises: stabilized current supply, stabilized voltage supply, amp gauge.
Field coil 61 is energized, in fixture, forms magnetic field utilize above-mentioned assistant experiment instrument to measure the Distribution of Magnetic Field in fixture and magnetic induction density B according to Hall's technique.Obtaining measurement result is: in field coil 61, the field homogeneity in the region between two jacking blocks 5 and jacking block 8 and the strongest.
Step I i: according to the length of standard metal rod, measures optical maser wavelength
The jacking block 5 be separately positioned on described sliding seat 3 and described holder 4, jacking block 8 are held out against; Progressively pull open jacking block 5 and jacking block 8, and keep the situation of change of observing interference fringe, until the standard metal rod that standard length is 33.00mm falls between jacking block 5 and jacking block 8, the two ends of the length of metal bar 7 to be measured clamp by jacking block 5 and jacking block 8.At this moment, total varied number Δ k=110 of recording interference fringe, 000.
According to λ=2l
0/ Δ k, calculating laser wavelength lambda is 600.0nm.
Step I ii: the wavelength X of the light that known luminaire sends, measures the length l of metal bar to be measured
0
The jacking block 5 be separately positioned on described sliding seat 3 and described holder 4, jacking block 8 are held out against; Progressively pull open jacking block 5 and jacking block 8, and keep the situation of change of observing interference fringe, metal bar 7 to be measured slides along domatic 51 and domatic 81 and falls between jacking block 5 and jacking block 8, is held, the two ends of the length of metal bar 7 to be measured are clamped by jacking block 5 and jacking block 8 by supporting plate 13.At this moment, total varied number Δ k=300 of recording interference fringe, 000.
According to l
0=Δ k λ/2, calculate the length l of metal bar to be measured
0for 90.000mm.
Step I v: measure magnetostriction coefficient μ under normal temperature
Be l by length
0metal bar to be measured 7 hold out against with jacking block 5 and jacking block 8 respectively;
Be energized to field coil 61, in field coil 61, the region between two jacking blocks 5 and jacking block 8 forms uniform magnetic field; Observe the pattern of interference fringe;
Change the electrical current of field coil 61, and then change magnetic field intensity B;
Total varied number Δ k of recording interference fringe pattern;
According to Δ l=Δ k λ/2, μ=Δ l/l
0b, calculates magnetostriction coefficient μ; Wherein, Δ l is the length variations amount of metal bar 7 to be measured, and λ is optical maser wavelength.
Step v: measure dynamic magnetostriction coefficient μ (T)
Be l by length
0metal bar to be measured 7 hold out against with jacking block 5 and jacking block 8 respectively;
Be energized to field coil 61, in field coil 61, the region between jacking block 5 and jacking block 8 forms uniform magnetic field; Observe the pattern of interference fringe;
Heater coil 62 is energized, changes the temperature T in fixture, be warmed up to 100 DEG C by 20 DEG C;
Total varied number Δ k of recording interference fringe pattern;
According to Δ l (T)=Δ k λ/2, μ (T)=Δ l/l
0b, calculates dynamic magnetostriction coefficient μ (T); Wherein, Δ l (T) for the length variations amount of metal bar 7 to be measured, B be magnetic field intensity, λ is optical maser wavelength.
Step vi: measure linear expansion coefficient κ
Be l by length
0metal bar to be measured 7 hold out against with jacking block 5 and jacking block 8 respectively;
Observe the pattern of interference fringe;
Heater coil 62 is energized, changes the temperature T in fixture, be warmed up to 100 DEG C by 20 DEG C;
Total varied number Δ k of recording interference fringe pattern;
According to Δ l (T)=Δ k λ/2; κ=Δ l (T)/l
0, calculate linear expansion coefficient κ; Wherein, the temperature variant variable quantity of length that Δ l (T) is metal bar 7 to be measured, λ is optical maser wavelength.
In above-mentioned embodiment of the present invention, the item below of the score line "/" in all mathematical formulaes is all denominator, and item is above all molecule.Hereby illustrate for avoiding producing ambiguity.
Obviously, above-described embodiment is only for clearly example being described, and the restriction not to embodiment.For those of ordinary skill in the field, can also make other changes in different forms on the basis of the above description.Here exhaustive without the need to also giving all embodiments.And thus the apparent change of extending out or variation be still among the protection domain of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. calorifics, electromagnetics, an optical synthetic experiment instrument, is characterized in that,
Comprise: index glass (1), horizontal glass (11), beam splitter (9), compensating plate (10), light source and fixture;
From the light beam that described light source sends, folded light beam and transmitted light beam can be divided in the semi-reflective surface of described beam splitter (9);
Described transmitted light beam is through horizontal glass (11) described in described compensating plate (10) directive, and again through described compensating plate (10) after described horizontal glass (11) reflection, then can reflect on described beam splitter (9);
Index glass (1) described in described folded light beam directive, again through described beam splitter (9) after described index glass (1) reflection, then can interfere with the described transmitted light beam reflected through described beam splitter (9);
Described fixture comprises sliding seat (3) and holder (4); Described index glass (1) is arranged in described sliding seat (3);
Described sliding seat (3) is connected with described holder (4) by multiple set bolt (21);
Described holder (4) is provided with electric furnace (41), is provided with field coil (61) in described electric furnace (41), is provided with heater coil (62) in described field coil (61); Metal bar to be measured (7) is placed with in described heater coil (62); The jacking block (5,8) that described metal bar to be measured (7) can be separately positioned on described sliding seat (3) and described holder (4) holds out against.
2. comprehensive test instrument according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the top of each described set bolt (21) is provided with the gland nut (22) described sliding seat (3) compressed, and is provided with spring (23) between described gland nut (22) and described sliding seat (3).
3. comprehensive test instrument according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the field coil (61) in described electric furnace (41) and heater coil (62) can work respectively, or work simultaneously.
4. comprehensive test instrument according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the scope of the temperature in the adjustable described electric furnace (41) of described heater coil (62) is 20 ~ 100 DEG C.
5. comprehensive test instrument according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the quantity of described set bolt (21) is 4.
6. comprehensive test instrument according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the material of described jacking block (5,8) is quartz glass.
7. comprehensive test instrument according to claim 1, is characterized in that, is also provided with the supporting plate (13) that is used for holding article to be measured in described fixture.
8. comprehensive test instrument according to claim 7, it is characterized in that, be respectively equipped with one on the top of two described jacking blocks (5,8) and be suitable for article to be measured and steadily slide and drop on domatic (51,81) on supporting plate (13).
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