Background technology
At present, the method that capacitor faults monitoring is conventional has the monitorings such as inner imbalance, electric capacity, temperature, pressure, shelf depreciation, Wei Shui, oil gas spectrum.
Inner uneven monitoring is as the widespread use of capacitor internal emergency protection in capacitor device, and according to different connection types, the sensitivity of inner unbalance protection is different with application scenario.No matter be under any inner unbalance protection all exists symmetric fault condition, the situation that inner unbalance protection cannot be monitored.
Can find in theory with in actual measurement, puncturing of capacitor element is whole group capacitor element random breakdown.By the inside unbalance protection of bridge connection mode, as shown in Figure 1, as a certain brachium pontis C
1after capacitor generating device punctures, capacitor C in four brachium pontis
2or capacitor C
3generating device fault will make brachium pontis again restore balance.Therefore, only have as capacitor C
1or capacitor C
4again during generating device fault, could expand uneven until inner uneven monitoring, alarming, all there is same problem in other inside imbalance monitoring wiring.This illustrates, the imbalance monitoring of traditional inside has the possibility of about 50% fault to be accumulated, and damages in a large number or the catastrophic failure such as blast until there is capacitor avalanche type.
Capacitor electric capacity in operational process can change in time, also can change along with temperature, and this is determined by the characteristic of capacitor itself.These factors can affect and utilize absolute capacitance amount to reflect the reliability of capacitor faults.Therefore, although method some transformer station recent years of on-line monitoring electric capacity attempts using, be not used widely.
Along with the raising of domestic transmission line capability and electric pressure, the capacity of Capacitor banks is also increasing.Have the transmission system of data display ± 500kV will use the capacitor of more than 800 ten thousand kvar, the transmission system of ± 800kV will use the capacitor of more than 1,200 ten thousand kvar.According to domestic capacitor individual capacity conventional at present between 500kvar ~ 600kvar, the capacitors count of a DC transmission line use will at 1.5 ten thousand ~ 2.4 ten thousand.And imbalance detects method only may detect in Capacitor banks and there occurs component breakdown, and the capacitor number punctured generating device and position cannot be determined, need to measure one by one the capacitor in whole Capacitor banks when maintenance, the manpower and materials of capacitor meeting at substantial in the process rejecting trouble unit that quantity is so huge.
Other relevant monitoring meanss as office put, oil temperature, oil chromatography etc., be indirect monitoring.There is no the life model of the practicality relevant with these parameters at present, be difficult to the current state of reflection capacitor, meanwhile, the installation of these sensors may destroy the sealing of capacitor, only uses on a small quantity in integrated capacitor at present.Not yet be used widely in the Capacitor banks rack device monitoring that transportation load is maximum.
Summary of the invention
The vibration monitoring device that the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of capacitor element to puncture and vibration monitoring method, these apparatus and method not only can monitoring capacitor in operational process, whether generating device punctures, and can localizing faults capacitor and by capacitor puncturing cumulative number and puncture the moment export; Capacitor cumulative failure under symmetric fault can be avoided to result in greater loss, also can quick position faulty capacitor, save the manpower and materials of maintenance.
For reaching above-mentioned technical purpose, the present invention adopts following technical scheme to be achieved.
Scheme one:
The vibration monitoring device that a kind of capacitor element punctures, it is characterized in that, comprise microprocessor CPU, be arranged on the acceleration transducer on the shell of each capacitor, for analog-to-digital A D modular converter, the capacitor punctured for display element numbering, breakdown time and puncture the display of cumulative number; The output terminal electrical connection A of described acceleration transducer the input end of D modular converter, described A the output terminal of D modular converter be electrically connected the I/O input end of described microprocessor CPU, the I/O output terminal of described microprocessor CPU is electrically connected the input end of described display.
Feature and further improvement of the technical program are:
Described monitoring device also comprises the numbering of the capacitor punctured for memory element, breakdown time and punctures the storer of cumulative number, and described storer is electrically connected with described microprocessor CPU.
Described monitoring device also comprises communication module and outside back-stage management computing machine, and the input end of described communication module is electrically connected with described microprocessor CPU, and the output terminal of described communication module is electrically connected with outside back-stage management computing machine.
Described acceleration transducer is arranged on left-hand position or the dextrad position of the large side of the shell of capacitor.Particularly, on the large side of the shell of setting capacitor 1, height is H, and wide is W, and the concrete installation site point of acceleration transducer is 0.5H apart from upper edge, large side, is 0.35W apart from large side left margin.
Scheme two:
The vibration monitoring method that capacitor element punctures, based on the vibration monitoring device that above-mentioned capacitor element punctures, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
Step one, acceleration transducer gathers the acceleration signal on the shell of capacitor, and this acceleration signal is transferred to microprocessor CPU;
Step 2, is set with acceleration amplitude threshold value in microprocessor CPU; Each capacitor and corresponding acceleration transducer are numbered, and numbering is stored in microprocessor CPU, after microprocessor CPU real-time reception to acceleration signal, compare with described acceleration amplitude threshold value; When acceleration signal is greater than described acceleration amplitude threshold value, judge that in corresponding capacitor, generating device punctures, extract the acceleration signal of the capacitor that generating device punctures, and record the capacitor that generating device punctures numbering, puncture the moment and occurred puncture cumulative number, and by the numbering of the capacitor punctured, puncture the moment and the cumulative number that punctures that occurred is transferred to display;
Step 3, display show the capacitor punctured numbering, puncture the moment and occurred puncture cumulative number.
Feature and further improvement of the technical program are:
In step 2, microprocessor CPU rejects the acceleration signal being less than or equal to setting acceleration amplitude threshold value.
In step 2, microprocessor CPU carries out twice integration to acceleration signal, and after rejecting twice integration, result is the acceleration signal of zero.
In step 2, microprocessor CPU by the numbering of the capacitor punctured, puncture the moment and the cumulative number that punctures that occurred is transferred to storer and stores.
In step 2, microprocessor CPU carries out cepstrum analysis to acceleration signal, is separated by vibration source signal with transport function, rejects the acceleration signal having characteristic peak to exist.
In step 3, microprocessor CPU by the numbering of the capacitor punctured, puncture the moment and the cumulative number that punctures that occurred is transferred to outside back-stage management computing machine through communication module.
The vibration monitoring device that capacitor element of the present invention punctures and vibration monitoring method thereof, the on-line monitoring that capacitor element punctures can be realized, in operational process, whether generating device punctures monitoring capacitor, the numbering of the capacitor that punctures of record generating device, puncture the moment and occurred puncture cumulative number, localizing faults capacitor by the component breakdown cumulative number of capacitor and puncture the moment and transfer to display and carry out showing and transfer to back-stage management computing machine; Avoid capacitor cumulative failure under symmetric fault to result in greater loss, save the manpower and materials of maintenance; And this device is easy to install.
Embodiment
With reference to Fig. 1, the electrical connection schematic diagram of the uneven monitoring method in the inside for the bridge connection mode in background technology.
With reference to Fig. 2, it is the connecting structure for electrical equipment schematic diagram of the vibration monitoring device that capacitor element of the present invention punctures.This monitoring device comprises microprocessor CPU, be arranged on the acceleration transducer on the shell of each capacitor, for analog-to-digital A D modular converter (A:analog signals simulating signal, D:digitalsignals digital signal, A D modular converter be analog-to-digital conversion module), the capacitor numbering punctured for display element, breakdown time and puncture the display of cumulative number, the present embodiment adopts light-emitting diode display; The output terminal electrical connection A of acceleration transducer the input end of D modular converter, A the I/O input end of output terminal electrical connection microprocessor CPU of D modular converter, the input end of the I/O output terminal electrical connection display of microprocessor CPU.
Wherein, monitoring device also comprises the capacitor numbering, the breakdown time that puncture for memory element and punctures the storer of cumulative number, and storer is electrically connected with microprocessor CPU.
Wherein, monitoring device also comprises outside back-stage management computing machine (that is: outside background management system), for the communication module with outside back-stage management computer communication; The input end of communication module is electrically connected with microprocessor CPU, and the output terminal of communication module is electrically connected with outside back-stage management computing machine.
With reference to Fig. 3, acceleration transducer 2 is arranged on left-hand position or the dextrad position of the large side of the shell of capacitor 1.On the large side of the shell of setting capacitor 1, height is H, and wide is W, and the concrete installation site point of acceleration transducer is 0.5H apart from upper edge, large side, is 0.35W apart from large side left margin.Like this, the Detection results of acceleration transducer 2 is best.
Can monitor after being installed by the vibration monitoring device that this capacitor element punctures, the vibration monitoring method that its capacitor element punctures, comprises the following steps:
Step one, acceleration transducer gathers the acceleration signal on the shell of capacitor, and this acceleration signal is transferred to microprocessor CPU.
Be described in detail there to be the capacitor of Internal fuse, when there is the component breakdown of the capacitor of Internal fuse, the fuse be attached thereto can fuse and discharge large energy within the extremely short time, cause the case vibration of capacitor, now, on shell, the relation of the displacement of certain particle t is in time shown below:
In formula,
X is the displacement that shell occurs certain particle vibrated;
A is the amplitude of vibration, the amount of force be subject to this particle, medium transport function and path-dependent in shell;
ω is angle of throw frequency, relevant with shell self-energy source characteristic;
for phase angle, with medium transport function and path-dependent in shell;
N is attenuation coefficient, relevant with case material, profile etc.;
I represents that this vibration is formed by stacking by different frequency components.
Acceleration a (t) then during this particle vibration is as follows:
From formula (1), formula (2), vibration acceleration and vibration displacement have identical frequency component, and vibration displacement can be tried to achieve through integration by vibration acceleration.
The present invention by installing the acceleration that acceleration transducer carrys out the case vibration of monitoring capacitor on the shell of capacitor, and the acceleration signal of vibration is passed to microprocessor CPU analysis, comprehensive descision is carried out, the vibration signal produced on capacitor unit shell during to identify capacitor breakdown from time domain, frequency domain and cepstrum.
Step 2, is set with acceleration amplitude threshold value in microprocessor CPU; Each capacitor and corresponding acceleration transducer are numbered, and numbering is stored in microprocessor CPU, after microprocessor CPU real-time reception to acceleration signal, compare with described acceleration amplitude threshold value; When acceleration signal is greater than described acceleration amplitude threshold value, judge that in corresponding capacitor, generating device punctures, extract the acceleration signal of the capacitor that generating device punctures, and record the capacitor that generating device punctures numbering, puncture the moment and occurred puncture cumulative number, and by the numbering of the capacitor punctured, puncture the moment and the cumulative number that punctures that occurred is transferred to display.
Although the amplitude of the hull vibration acceleration produced when capacitor Internal fuse is blown up is larger, but do not fix very much, spectrum distribution is extremely wide, and centre frequency is very big with the change of discharge energy, it could must be identified from undesired signal by comprehensive means, the present embodiment take into account operating may the blowing up fuse of capacitor and identifies the situation of interference of causing.
(1) microprocessor CPU reject lower than with the acceleration signal equaling to set acceleration amplitude threshold value.
When capacitor normally runs, power current is flow through in element, the electric power produced can cause the periodic Swelling and contraction of element, thus cause case vibration, this vibration frequency is fixed as the power frequency of 2 times, and amplitude is lower, microprocessor CPU reject lower than with the acceleration signal equaling to set vibration amplitude threshold value, to eliminate this interference.
When other capacitor generating devices in parallel with monitored capacitor puncture, its electric capacity approximately changes 1% ~ 2%, and electric current can be redistributed, and causes producing code reassignment electric current in measured capacitance device, causes monitored shell to vibrate.Because discrete component punctures the impact of the electric capacity of whole capacitor very little, and curent change can be assigned on all elements in parallel with it, so very little for code reassignment current value monitored capacitor, the capacitor case vibration acceleration caused is very little.In contrast, during capacitor internal component breakdown, the fuse be attached thereto can fuse and discharge large energy within the extremely short time, causes the case vibration acceleration ratio of capacitor more remarkable.
(2) microprocessor CPU carries out cepstrum analysis to acceleration signal, is separated by vibration source signal with transport function, rejects the acceleration noise signal having characteristic peak to exist.
When capacitor drops into, have big current and charge to the element in capacitor, the frequency of charging current is main relevant with system inductance and electric capacity, and expression formula is shown below
In formula,
C is condenser capacity;
L is line equivalent inductance;
Capacitor compensation loop and main loop are once build up; line inductance L and electric capacity C is comparatively fixing value; General Central frequency f is 150Hz ~ 500Hz; now charged electrical fails to be convened for lack of a quorum and causes capacitor case generative center frequency f to be the vibration (reactor of usually connecting in capacitor front end in actual use of 300Hz ~ 1000Hz; frequency in input process may lower than this frequency); due to the existence of current attenuation coefficient and medium transport function; the case vibration that charging current causes will take centre frequency as mid point, and certain expansion occurs to both sides.The present invention utilizes cepstrum analysis vibration source frequency to be separated with transport function, is shown below.
C
F=F[log R(f)] (4)
In formula,
C
ffor the cepstrum of signal;
Frequency-region signal when R is capacitor case vibration;
The principle of cepstrum is as follows:
In formula,
R, R are respectively capacitor case vibration time-domain signal and frequency-region signal;
E, E are time-domain signal and the frequency signal in capacitor internal vibration source;
H, H are to the time-domain representation of the transfer coefficient of shell and frequency domain representation by vibration source;
F represents Fourier transform.
From deriving above, vibration source signal can be separated with transport function frequency response by cepstrum computing.Very wide and have the vibration signal of very macro-energy owing to producing frequency band when fuse is blown up, and the vibration frequency produced during capacitor charging is around the centre frequency f of its charging current, frequency band is narrower, different from transport function cepstrum, there is characteristic peak to exist at the centre frequency f place of charging current, on this basis fuse is blown up vibration signal and the capacitor vibration signal that charges and distinguish.
(3) microprocessor CPU carries out twice integration to acceleration signal, and after rejecting twice integration, result is the acceleration signal of zero.
When capacitor case is subject to normal impingement, can produce the vibration relevant to capacitor case natural frequency, the amplitude of this vibration may be very large, and the frequency range that vibration blown up by frequency range and fuse overlaps.But release energy different from fuse, when being subject to normal impingement, on housing, the vibration of particle is carried out around equilibrium position substantially, particle acceleration is carried out after twice integration (i.e. displacement) close to zero.And the energy of fuse release when blowing up is closed in case shell, temporary impact wave load can be subject to and long time quasi-static loads, cause housing to expand, after carrying out twice integration to particle acceleration, its result is non-vanishing and have obvious directivity.In this approach fuse is blown up and differentiate with housing normal impingement.
Step 3, display show the capacitor punctured numbering, puncture the moment and occurred puncture cumulative number.
Microprocessor CPU by the numbering of the capacitor punctured, puncture the moment and the cumulative number that punctures that occurred is transferred to storer and stores, the information that storer is preserved can be read by microprocessor CPU and show over the display.
Microprocessor CPU also can by the numbering of the capacitor punctured, puncture the moment and the cumulative number that punctures that occurred is transferred to communication module, communication module by the numbering of the capacitor punctured, puncture the moment and the cumulative number that punctures that occurred is transferred to outside back-stage management computing machine, so that staff checks, or sends alarm signal by outside back-stage management computing machine.
The vibration monitoring device that capacitor element of the present invention punctures and monitoring method thereof, the on-line monitoring of capacitor breakdown can be realized, whether monitoring capacitor punctures in operational process, the numbering of the capacitor that punctures of record generating device, puncture the moment and occurred puncture cumulative number, localizing faults capacitor puncturing capacitor cumulative number and puncturing the moment and transfer to display and show; Avoid capacitor cumulative failure under symmetric fault to result in greater loss, save the manpower and materials of maintenance; And this device is easy to install.
Although be below described embodiment of the present invention by reference to the accompanying drawings, the present invention is not limited to above-mentioned specific embodiments and applications field, and above-mentioned specific embodiments is only schematic, guiding, instead of restrictive.Those of ordinary skill in the art is under the enlightenment of instructions, and when not departing from the scope that the claims in the present invention are protected, can also make a variety of forms, these all belong to the row of the present invention's protection.