CN104910881A - 一种超临界二氧化碳完井液 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明属于石油和天然气完井技术领域，涉及一种超临界二氧化碳完井液，由前置隔离液、超临界二氧化碳冲洗液和后置隔离液按体积比2-5:100:1-5的比例混合组成，使用时，先在地面配制好超临界二氧化碳冲洗液和固井水泥浆，再配制好前置隔离液和后置隔离液，在井口通过现有流体设备依次泵入前置隔离液、超临界二氧化碳冲洗液、后置隔离液和固井水泥浆进行冲洗，冲洗结束后，固井水泥浆固化并从环空注入碱性物质，除去超临界二氧化碳冲洗液中的二氧化碳，防止二氧化碳污染大气和腐蚀套管；其原料易得，原理科学，使用方便，固井效果好，成本低，有效减小泥饼厚度，提高泥饼清洁度和粗糙度。
Description
技术领域：
本发明属于石油和天然气钻完井技术领域，涉及一种提高固井胶结强度的完井液，特别是一种超临界二氧化碳完井液。
背景技术：
在石油和天然气开采过程中，固井质量的好坏与人身安全息息相关，固井质量差，油气资源会从井口流失，不同压力层互窜影响油气田的合理开发，窜流后地层流体易腐蚀套管，而且上窜流体会污染水源、易发生爆炸，危害人身安全。固井质量取决于固井水泥浆与套管和井壁岩石的胶结强度，由于钻井液的渗滤和粘附作用，套管与井壁岩石的表面都有一层泥饼附着，因此，泥饼与套管、泥饼与井壁岩石、泥饼与固井水泥浆的胶结强度决定了固井质量，其中，泥饼与固井水泥浆的胶结强度是关键，影响因素很多，一是泥饼的厚度，二是泥饼表面的清洁度和粗糙度，三是残留钻井液的驱除，泥饼层由内到外可分为致密层、密实层、可压缩层和虚泥饼层，泥饼越厚泥饼表面强度就越低，胶结质量越差；泥饼表面若附着有油等有机物，表面会趋于或变成油润湿，而固井水泥浆是水润湿，这会降低固井水泥浆与泥饼的胶结面积和强度；泥饼表面粗糙度的增加，会增大胶结面积和胶结面抗剪强度。此外，残留钻井液会降低固井水泥浆的密度，其不配伍性影响固井水泥浆的固化过程，进而降低胶结强度。为使泥饼与固井水泥浆有更好的胶结质量，钻井现场采用完井液对泥饼进行预处理，目前国内外采用的完井液主要有三种：表面活性剂完井液、有固相完井液和无粘土固相完井液，根据完井液的组成比例划分，上述三种完井液都属于水基完井液，对页岩、泥页岩地层等水敏地层活用性降低，而且，现有的这三种完井液需加入多种化学和物理成分，成本高。
发明内容：
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术存在的缺点，寻求设计提供一种以超临界二氧化碳为主要成分的完井液，减小泥饼厚度，提高泥饼清洁度和粗糙度。
为了实现上述目的，本发明所述超临界二氧化碳完井液由前置隔离液、超临界二氧化碳冲洗液和后置隔离液按体积比2-5:100:1-5的比例混合组成。
本发明所述前置隔离液和后置隔离液采用现有的固井隔离液，固井隔离液粘稠、性质稳定且不与钻井液、水泥浆和冲洗液反应。
本发明所述超临界二氧化碳冲洗液包括超临界态的纯二氧化碳、超临界二氧化碳泡沫和超临界二氧化碳饱和溶液。
本发明使用时，先根据钻井井壁的地层特点和钻井使用的钻井液的特性选择超临界二氧化碳冲洗液的组成形式，在地面配制好超临界二氧化碳冲洗液和固井水泥浆，再根据钻井液和固井水泥浆与超临界二氧化碳冲洗液的配伍性，配制好前置隔离液和后置隔离液，在井口通过现有流体设备依次泵入前置隔离液、超临界二氧化碳冲洗液、后置隔离液和固井水泥浆进行冲洗，前置隔离液将钻井液与液态二氧化碳冲洗液隔开，后置隔离液将冲洗液与固井水泥浆隔开，固井水泥浆的注入速度保持在0.005m/s以上，使超临界二氧化碳冲洗液形成紊流；随着冲洗深度的增加，二氧化碳温度升高而成为超临界状态；冲洗结束后，固井水泥浆固化并从环空注入氢氧化钙等碱性物质，除去超临界二氧化碳冲洗液中的二氧化碳，防止二氧化碳污染大气和腐蚀套管。
本发明与现有技术相比，超临界二氧化碳的粘度比水低两个数量级，临界流速低，低速时易形成紊流，有利于对残留的钻井液充分顶替，有效清除虚泥饼；超临界二氧化碳表面张力极低，易与泥饼表面有机物混溶，能溶解高凝油，降低高凝油的凝固点，有利于泥饼表面有机物的清除，使泥饼表面成为水润湿；超临界二氧化碳能萃取泥饼表面和内部有机物，提高胶结的深度；超临界二氧化碳的低粘度和表面张力使其具有很高的渗透能力，有利于更深地冲刷泥饼，减小泥饼厚度；超临界二氧化碳密度、粘度低，能充分稀释钻井液，有利于钻井液的驱除；超临界二氧化碳能溶解泥饼表面的无机物，一方面有利于泥饼的冲刷而减小泥饼厚度，防止冲刷物二次沉积，另一方面使泥饼表面粗糙化，增加接触面积，水泥与泥饼之间相互咬合，提高胶结面纵向抗剪切强度；超临界完井液不伤害储层，能增加储层渗透率；固井结束后，完井液中的二氧化碳被碱性物质中和，不会对套管产生腐蚀；其原料易得，原理科学，使用方便，固井效果好，成本低，能有效减小泥饼厚度，提高泥饼清洁度和粗糙度
附图说明：
图1为本发明涉及的完井液使用流程原理示意图，其中包括井壁1、套管2、前置隔离液3、固井水泥浆4、钻井液5、超临界二氧化碳冲洗液6和后置隔离液7。
具体实施方式：
下面通过实施例并结合附图对本发明作进一步说明。
实施例：
本实施例根据井壁1的地层特点和钻井液5的特性选择超临界二氧化碳冲洗液6的组成形式，在地面配制好液态二氧化碳冲洗液6，配制好固井水泥浆4，根据钻井液5和固井水泥浆4与超临界二氧化碳冲洗液6的配伍性，配制好前置隔离液3和后置隔离液7；完钻后，在地面通过现有流体设备从套管2依次泵入前置隔离液3、超临界二氧化碳冲洗液6、后置隔离液7和水泥浆4，随着深度增加、温度升高，其中的二氧化碳成为超临界状态；超临界态的二氧化碳进入井壁1与套管2间的环空对井壁1和套管2上的泥饼等进行冲刷清洗；冲洗结束后，等待水泥浆4固化；水泥浆固化后从环空注入氢氧化钙等碱性物质，除去完井液中的二氧化碳，防止二氧化碳污染大气和腐蚀套管。
Claims (4)
1.一种超临界二氧化碳完井液，其特征在于由前置隔离液、超临界二氧化碳冲洗液和后置隔离液按体积比2-5:100:1-5的比例混合组成。
2.根据权利要求1所述超临界二氧化碳完井液，其特征在于所述前置隔离液和后置隔离液均采用现有的固井隔离液，固井隔离液粘稠、性质稳定且不与钻井液、水泥浆和冲洗液反应。
3.根据权利要求1所述超临界二氧化碳完井液，其特征在于所述超临界二氧化碳冲洗液包括超临界态的纯二氧化碳、超临界二氧化碳泡沫和超临界二氧化碳饱和溶液。
4.根据权利要求1所述超临界二氧化碳完井液，其特征在于使用时，先根据钻井井壁的地层特点和钻井使用的钻井液的特性选择超临界二氧化碳冲洗液的组成形式，在地面配制好超临界二氧化碳冲洗液和固井水泥浆，再根据钻井液和固井水泥浆与超临界二氧化碳冲洗液的配伍性，配制好前置隔离液和后置隔离液，在井口通过现有流体设备依次泵入前置隔离液、超临界二氧化碳冲洗液、后置隔离液和固井水泥浆进行冲洗，前置隔离液将钻井液与液态二氧化碳冲洗液隔开，后置隔离液将冲洗液与固井水泥浆隔开，固井水泥浆的注入速度保持在0.005m/s以上，使超临界二氧化碳冲洗液形成紊流；随着冲洗深度的增加，二氧化碳温度升高而成为超临界状态；冲洗结束后，固井水泥浆固化并从环空注入氢氧化钙等碱性物质，除去超临界二氧化碳冲洗液中的二氧化碳，防止二氧化碳污染大气和腐蚀套管。
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