CN104903118A - 用于处理木材板的方法和具有由木材制成的芯的结构板 - Google Patents

用于处理木材板的方法和具有由木材制成的芯的结构板 Download PDF

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CN104903118A
CN104903118A CN201380058967.9A CN201380058967A CN104903118A CN 104903118 A CN104903118 A CN 104903118A CN 201380058967 A CN201380058967 A CN 201380058967A CN 104903118 A CN104903118 A CN 104903118A
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F·奥尔多夫
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Abstract

用于处理木材板的方法,其用于在一装饰部(7)印刷到所述木材板的至少一个上侧面上之后获得无粘接的表面,其特征在于,由三聚氰胺树脂制成的无纤维素的顶层(3)被施布到所述装饰部(2)上,玻璃球(5)被混入到所述三聚氰胺树脂中,并在耐磨层(6)被施布到所述顶层(8)上之前,将该顶层(8)进行干燥。

Description

用于处理木材板的方法和具有由木材制成的芯的结构板
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于处理木材板的方法和一种具有由木材制成的芯(木材板)的结构板,所述方法用于在一装饰部印刷到所述木材板的至少一个上侧面上之后获得无粘接的表面,所述结构板的表面按照所述方法进行处理。
背景技术
这类木材板被广泛地加工并且被使用在很多不同的领域上。特别大的使用领域是作为地板嵌板的应用。尤其在该应用中,设有装饰部的木材板经受高的负载。为了这些木材板经受住这些负载,装饰部层必须以一个保护层来覆盖。该保护层大多由合成树脂、例如三聚氰胺树脂制成,给合成树脂添加各种附加材料。由于施加到木材板上的各种层而出现拉应力,这些拉应力可以导致木材板的卷边。因此必须将木材板的上侧面以及下侧面覆层,以便可以在两侧上均匀地出现这些力并因此避免卷边。
由EP 2 338 693 B1已知:将第一上树脂层施加到木材板的具有装饰部的上侧面和/或下侧面上,该第一上树脂层包含了刚石颗粒;干燥该上树脂层并接下来施加第二树脂层,其包含有纤维素。该第二树脂层然后被干燥并将第三树脂层施加到该第二树脂层上,其包含玻璃颗粒并被干燥。
EP 1 339 545 B1公开了一种基于合成树脂的耐磨层,利用该耐磨层可以保护家具或地板的由装饰纸和可能的其它彼此叠置的纸制成的表面不被磨损。该耐磨层包含具有至少6的莫氏硬度的树脂材料颗粒和紧凑的并且基本上无切割棱边的圆形的另外的固体颗粒,固体颗粒的形式是具有至少5的莫氏硬度的球。最后提到的球可以是玻璃球。
EP 1 512 468 B1描述了一种用于给结构板涂漆的方法,该结构板由木头或木材制成。在这里首先将液态树脂施布到上侧面上并然后将该液态树脂进行干燥。接下来在温度影响作用下挤压该结构板,其中,树脂至少部分地熔融。根据EP 2 098 304 A2附加地还可以将起伏部压入熔融的树脂,该起伏部与木材板上侧面的装饰部对应。
在所有已知的方法中,将一由三聚氰胺树脂和纤维素纤维制成的起泡层施加到直接以装饰部覆层的大规格的木材板上,该起泡层在施布后被主动干燥,以便保护装饰部和因此使该板能堆垛和储藏。直接以装饰部覆层的板被理解为这样的板,在该板的上侧面上以一层或多层的方式印刷装饰部,即不使用装饰纸。装饰部可以直接印刷到木材板上侧面上,或者在上侧面和装饰部层之间可以设置一打底层。
木材板上侧面上的常见层结构包括15至40g/m2的底层涂料,该底层涂料由水性三聚氰胺树脂制成。作为白底,将20至30g/m2的量的水性白漆施布到该底层涂料层上。装饰部通常包括两个、三个或四个施加到白底上的装饰印刷。该装饰部然后以覆盖漆覆盖,该覆盖漆包括水性三聚氰胺树脂-纤维素纤维混合物,其直接在施布之前被起泡。覆盖漆以10至15g/m2的量施布。
覆盖漆是需要的,以便在随后的生产过程中保护木材板的覆层和在进一步的加工中保护装饰部。这些板不是必须在连续运转中完成加工,而是无论如何要中间储藏和为此彼此拆垛。覆盖漆因此是需要的,但是其施布特别关键,尤其是随着如下后置过程的影响,这些过程导致对产品关键的错误因素直到导致废品。在此,在起泡太少的三聚氰胺树脂-纤维素纤维混合物与起泡太强的三聚氰胺树脂-纤维素纤维混合物之间存在应力场,起泡太少的三聚氰胺树脂-纤维素纤维混合物会导致一个堆垛之内的被装饰的木材板之间的粘接,起泡太强的三聚氰胺树脂-纤维素纤维混合物会导致装饰部的灰化,但是这些在短节奏压力机中的层压之后才能够被识别出。
调整和恒定保持起泡形成的各种试验都失败了,这是因为加工过程在时间和空间上是分开的,由此调节式的干涉是不可能的或仅以不可接受地高的耗费变得可能。
发明内容
因为对于用于以层压来制造的安全过程的关心程度当然是很高的,所以本发明的任务是如下地改善开头提到的方法,即,一方面获得木材板的无粘接的表面,以便可以在进一步的加工过程中拆垛半成品,并且另一方面也可以获得这样的表面,该表面的没有颜色偏差的进一步加工是完全可行的。
该任务通过如下方式来解决,即,由三聚氰胺树脂制成的无纤维素的顶层被施布到所述装饰部上,玻璃球被混入到该三聚氰胺树脂中,并在耐磨层施布到所述顶层上之前干燥该顶层。
玻璃球替代纤维素在三聚氰胺树脂中的使用在产品本身的技术值和可加工性方面带来实质性优点。三聚氰胺树脂优选是三聚氰胺-醛树脂(M/F树脂),在其中,由现有技术公知地添加的纤维素纤维以较短的纤维链分开,也就是涌起。通过纤维素纤维的涌起强烈地提高了三聚氰胺树脂的粘性,这造成它的应用在持续时间上的问题。在玻璃球的情况下,尤其是这些玻璃球优选地以被硅烷化的形式被使用时,没有观察到干扰性的副作用,这些干扰性的副作用负面地影响三聚氰胺树脂的流动特性。纤维素最大部分地在物理上被结合到三聚氰胺-醛树脂网格中,而玻璃球的硅烷基团与树脂的羟基形成强的共价键。因此,玻璃在化学上结合到三维的聚合物网格中进而较牢固地结合,这导致与纤维素纤维相比更好的耐磨性和耐刮性。此外,玻璃本身比纤维素纤维具有更高的硬度。利用混入到三聚氰胺树脂中的玻璃球产生了均匀的粗糙表面,其对于进一步的加工有重大意义,但是该表面不被粘接。
原则上也可以利用纤维素产生一粗糙表面,相应被覆层的木材板但是在堆垛之内在储藏时倾斜于粘接并且因此不再适用于进一步加工。木材板的粘接由于树脂中的纤维素纤维与上部板的木头纤维之间的热加速缩合被进行。在使用被硅烷化的玻璃球时不可能出现粘接。此外,玻璃球明显较温度稳定,从而使得在进一步的层压过程中,在木材板被挤压时,顶层不会变的无力。
顶层的干燥优选主动地进行,以便缩短生产时间。
优选以10至30g/m2、优选12至20g/m2的量施布所述三聚氰胺树脂-玻璃球混合物。玻璃球在所述混合物中的份额为12至16重量%。
被混入的玻璃球的直径处在60至110μm的范围内、尤其优选地60至90μm或70至110μm的范围内。
结构板、尤其是地板嵌板,该地板嵌板由根据所述方法制造的木材板覆层,该结构板的特征在于:由木材制成的芯;至少印刷到所述芯的上侧面上的装饰部;覆盖所述装饰部的、基于三聚氰胺树脂制成的顶层;施加到所述顶层上的耐磨层,所述耐磨层具有磨蚀颗粒,其中,所述顶层是无纤维素的并且具有玻璃球。
耐磨层中的这些磨蚀颗粒优选是刚石。但是也可以使用玻璃球,就像这在原理上由前面描述的现有技术已公开的那样。
附图说明
借助附图应随后详细阐释了本发明的一实施例。
其中:
图1-示出了穿过木材板的示意横截面;
图2-示出了根据图1的细节II。
具体实施方式
木材板的覆层应当随后根据图1来描述。
首先将水性三聚氰胺树脂的15至40g/m2的底层涂料层2施加到由木材-塑料混合物制成的或由木头纤维、木屑制成的芯1的上侧面上。然后作为另外的涂刷底层施加一白底3到该底层涂料层2上,将20至30g/m2的水性白漆施布在所述白底中。装饰部7包括多个、优选两个、三个或四个前后相继施加的装饰印刷,这些装饰印刷例如以平版印刷或借助于数码印刷机(喷墨印刷机)施加。顶层8由水性三聚氰胺树脂-玻璃球混合物制成,其具有10至30g/m2的施加量。三聚氰胺树脂优选是三聚氰胺-醛树脂并且混入到该树脂中的玻璃球5具有60至90μm或70至110μm的直径。直径范围当然也可以从60至110μm。在顶层8被主动干燥之后,在随后的覆层布置中施布以30至50g/m2的量的三聚氰胺树脂-刚石-纤维素纤维混合物制成的耐磨层4。在这个最后的覆层干燥之后,木材板在一短节奏压力机中在高压和高温的作用下被挤压。该木材板然后可以在另外的加工步骤中被分成多个嵌板,在这些嵌板的侧棱边上然后可以安置舌/榫成型部。舌和榫可以设有集成的锁止和卡锁器件,以便可以将这些嵌板接下来以没有胶的方式铺设。
在试验中已证实的是:以三聚氰胺树脂-玻璃球混合物可以比常规的三聚氰胺树脂-纤维素混合物施加明显更多的量,即10至30g/m2、优选12至20g/m2。根据DIN EN 13329,各种耐磨等级AC被区别开。AC3中要求至少2000次翻转,AC4中要求至少4000次翻转。下面的这些试验执行方案带来了后面的结果:
试验执行方案1“AC3”
-包含规格60至90μm的12重量%的玻璃的12g/m2的树脂混合物施布导致2400次翻转的耐磨。
-包含规格60至90μm的12重量%的玻璃的16g/m2的树脂混合物施布导致2600次翻转的耐磨。
-包含规格60至90μm的12重量%的玻璃的20g/m2的树脂混合物施布导致2800次翻转的耐磨。
试验执行方案2“AC4”
-包含规格70至110μm的12重量%的玻璃的12g/m2的树脂混合物施布导致4200次翻转的耐磨。
-包含规格70至110μm的14重量%的玻璃的16g/m2的树脂混合物施布导致4400次翻转的耐磨。
-包含规格70至110μm的16重量%的玻璃的20g/m2的树脂混合物施布导致4600次翻转的耐磨。
在施布顶层8时,下列的条件起作用:
-贴靠速度60至100m/min。
-为了保持该过程,生产车间被调节空气并且涂漆控制被调温。此外自动进行配量和监控。
就像前述试验那样已获得:相对于常规覆层的板出现较高的耐磨性,抗微刮伤性(Mikrokratzfestigkeit)被改善并且通过玻璃以化学方式结合到三聚氰胺树脂中获得均匀的表面分布,由此也出现了相对于碰撞负载的改善的表面密度。总之,根据本发明的方法的执行因此导致了生产过程的简单和安全的运行方式以及在最终产品上导致表面的可负载性的改善进而结构板的改善的使用特性。
在覆层过程内不仅涂上装饰部7,而且也可以叠置地堆垛直到1000个板,而它们不彼此粘接。已证明的是:这类堆垛能够储藏直至180天并且在35℃已经可以拆垛。缩合度不能测量。优选地,该堆垛的储藏在25℃和40至60%的空气湿度下进行。比利用纤维素更好的透明度、较明晰的装饰部印刷和装饰部的更好的颜色通过三聚氰胺-玻璃球混合物完全发挥了效果,尤其是也因为出现了均匀闭合的表面。
附图标记列表
1  芯
2  底层涂料层
3  白底
4  耐磨层
5  玻璃球
6  磨蚀颗粒
7  装饰部
8  顶层

Claims (10)

1.用于处理木材板的方法,其用于在一装饰部(7)印刷到所述木材板的至少一个上侧面上之后获得无粘接的表面,其特征在于,由三聚氰胺树脂制成的无纤维素的顶层(8)被施布到所述装饰部(7)上,玻璃球(5)被混入到所述三聚氰胺树脂中,并在耐磨层(4)被施布到所述顶层(8)上之前,将该顶层(8)进行干燥。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,主动地进行所述顶层(8)的所述干燥。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述玻璃球(5)以被硅烷化的方式使用。
4.根据权利要求1或3所述的方法,其特征在于,以10至30g/m2、优选12至20g/m2的量施布所述三聚氰胺树脂-玻璃球混合物。
5.根据权利要求1或4所述的方法,其特征在于,玻璃球(5)在所述混合物中的份额为12至16重量%。
6.根据权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于,所述玻璃球(5)的直径处在60至90μm的范围中。
7.根据权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于,所述玻璃球(5)的直径处在70至110μm的范围中。
8.结构板、尤其是地板嵌板,其具有:由木材或木材-塑料混合物制成的芯(1);印刷到所述芯的上侧面上的装饰部(7);覆盖所述装饰部(7)的、基于三聚氰胺树脂制成的顶层(8);施加到所述顶层(8)上的耐磨层(4),所述耐磨层具有磨蚀颗粒(6),其特征在于,所述顶层(8)是无纤维素的并且具有玻璃球(5)。
9.根据权利要求8所述的结构板,其特征在于,所述玻璃球(5)是被硅烷化的。
10.根据权利要求8所述的结构板,其特征在于,所述玻璃球(5)的直径处在60至100μm的范围中。
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