CN104897268A - Laser-scanning-based apparatus and method for modal shape testing of high-grade numerical control machine tool - Google Patents
Laser-scanning-based apparatus and method for modal shape testing of high-grade numerical control machine tool Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention, which belongs to the technical field of the vibration testing, discloses a laser-scanning-based apparatus and method for modal shape testing of a high-grade numerical control machine tool. The apparatus is composed of a signal generator, a plurality of power amplifiers, a plurality of exciters, a plurality of force sensors, a laser scanning device, a data acquisition instrument, and an industrial computer. The signal generator is connected with the industrial computer and the multiple power amplifiers simultaneously; the multiple power amplifiers and the multiple exciters as well as the multiple exciters and the multiple force sensors are in one-to-one independent connection. The multiple force sensors are distributed and installed all predetermined excitation points of a machine tool; output terminals of all force sensors are connected to an input terminal of the data acquisition instrument; and another input terminal of the data acquisition instrument is connected with an output terminal of a laser vibration measurement instrument of the laser scanning device. And the data acquisition instrument and the industrial computer are mutually connected. With the apparatus and method, the defect of being lack of advanced measurement technology and measurement means in the machine tool industry can be overcome.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to vibration test technology field, be specifically related to a kind of high-grade, digitally controlled machine tools Mode Shape proving installation based on laser scanning and method.
Background technology
At machine industry, the number of axle generally controlled with numerically-controlled machine is for standard is to divide class, and below three axles is low-grade, more than three to five axles or five axles is high-grade, digitally controlled machine tools.At present, Machine Manufacture enterprise of China competitively researches and develops high-grade, digitally controlled machine tools, but China mostly a high-grade, digitally controlled machine tools market share occupy by foreign trader, one of them major reason is that machine industry basis research and development ability is weak, experiment soft and hardware condition falls behind, and lacks advanced measuring technique and measurement means.High-grade, digitally controlled machine tools vibration mode test is an important step in lathe R&D process, generally comprise Mode Shape test and work vibration mode test, it is all extremely important for the weak link, Optimal Structure Designing, fault diagnosis, cutting stability prediction etc. understanding lathe.Because laser vibration measurer has the advantage of Non-contact nondestructive test, and vibration measuring is apart from adjustable, can also realize the vibration-testing of the environment such as High Rotation Speed, high frequency, high temperature.At present, many Machine Tool Enterprises wish the Mode Shape test being applied to high-grade, digitally controlled machine tools, but due to traditional laser vibration measurer use inconvenience, cannot meet the demand of the high-grade, digitally controlled machine tools Mode Shape test that physical dimension is large, surface configuration is complicated.
Summary of the invention
For the deficiency that prior art exists, the invention provides a kind of high-grade, digitally controlled machine tools Mode Shape proving installation based on laser scanning and method.
Technical scheme of the present invention:
Based on a high-grade, digitally controlled machine tools Mode Shape proving installation for laser scanning, comprising: signal generator, multiple power amplifier, multiple vibrator, multiple force snesor, laser scanning device, data collecting instrument, industrial computer;
The input end of described signal generator is connected with the output terminal of described industrial computer; The output terminal of described signal generator is connected with the input end of described multiple power amplifier simultaneously; Be as separate connection one to one between described multiple power amplifier and described multiple vibrator and between described multiple vibrator and described multiple force snesor; Described multiple force snesor distributing installation is on each impacting point position of predetermined lathe; The output terminal of each force snesor all connects the input end of described data collecting instrument; Another input end of described data collecting instrument is connected with the output terminal of the laser vibration measurer in described laser scanning device; Meanwhile, data collecting instrument is also interconnected with industrial computer;
Described signal generator is used for the instruction according to industrial computer, sends the multichannel random excitation signal of corresponding frequencies and sends to multiple power amplifier respectively;
Described multiple power amplifier is used for amplifying multichannel pumping signal respectively simultaneously, and the pumping signal after amplifying is sent to multiple vibrator respectively;
Described multiple vibrator is used for being excited at the same time in different positions, and excitation high-grade, digitally controlled machine tools make it vibrate;
Described multiple force snesor, distributing installation on each impacting point position of predetermined lathe, for obtaining exciting force signal that multiple vibrator sends respectively and sending to data collecting instrument;
Described data collecting instrument is used for Real-time Collection and record vibration response signal and exciting force signal and sends industrial computer to;
Described laser scanning device, for obtaining the vibration response signal of the difference response measuring point of high-grade, digitally controlled machine tools and sending to data collecting instrument; Described laser scanning device comprises further:
Described laser vibration measurer is used for by laser vibration measurer position automatic mechanism, carries out point by point scanning to the response measuring point of high-grade, digitally controlled machine tools, obtains the vibration response signal of the difference response measuring point of high-grade, digitally controlled machine tools and sends to data collecting instrument;
Described laser vibration measurer position automatic mechanism, for automatically adjusting position on this mechanism's Z axis of the position of laser vibration measurer in this mechanism's X-axis, laser vibration measurer and laser vibration measurer around the angle that Z axis rotates in this mechanism, this mechanism can also be needed to move to desired location according to test by user;
Described industrial computer is used for the pumping signal that control signal generator sends corresponding frequencies; According to structure, the shape and size relation of lathe, set up the wire-frame model of high-grade, digitally controlled machine tools; The response signal of the exciting force signal corresponding based on each obtained impacting point and each response measuring point, calculates multiple frequency response function; Utilize multi input multiple response Modal Parameters Identification identification frequency response function, obtain natural frequency and the Machine Tool Modal vibration shape of high-grade, digitally controlled machine tools; The Machine Tool Modal vibration shape obtained is emulated, obtains Machine Tool Modal vibration shape animation.
According to the described high-grade, digitally controlled machine tools Mode Shape proving installation based on laser scanning, described laser vibration measurer position automatic mechanism is combined by XZ mobile platform and Z axis rotation platform and forms, and Z axis rotation platform can move along Z axis and move along X-axis on XZ mobile platform; Described laser vibration measurer is arranged on Z axis rotation platform.
The method of the high-grade, digitally controlled machine tools Mode Shape proving installation determination high-grade, digitally controlled machine tools Mode Shape based on laser scanning described in employing, comprises the steps:
Step 1: high-grade, digitally controlled machine tools are adjusted to test mode;
Step 2: according to structure, the shape and size relation of lathe, set up the wire-frame model of high-grade, digitally controlled machine tools, and on the wire-frame model of these high-grade, digitally controlled machine tools, determine the direction of vibration interested responding measuring point and each response measuring point;
Step 3: select j to respond measuring point as impacting point from step 2 in determined response measuring point;
Step 4: by multiple force snesor distributing installation on each impacting point position;
Step 5: the wire-frame model utilizing high-grade, digitally controlled machine tools, carries out excitation parameter anticipation experiment, determines the quantity of impacting point, the position of impacting point and direction of excitation, and the amplitude of each impacting point exciting force;
Step 5-1: for obtaining good experimental result, needed to carry out excitation parameter anticipation experiment before formal experiment is carried out, and in the wire-frame model of lathe, choose i response measuring point, the number of i meets:
i≥λj (1)
In formula, λ=3 ~ 5, λ value is larger, then excitation parameter anticipation experiment effect is better, regulates laser measuring point to above-mentioned i response point position, and test obtains i response measuring point respectively relative to the coherence function of each impacting point respectively, obtains i*j group coherence function;
Step 5-2: for each impacting point, to carry out i response measuring point suing for peace the lump coherence function being averaged and calculating impacting point relative to the coherence function of impacting point respectively, obtains j lump coherence function; If coefficient of coherence overwhelming majority value corresponding to lump coherence function is greater than 0.8, then prove that excitation amplitude that this impacting point is corresponding, position and direction of excitation meet the requirement of vibration mode test, then the excitation parameter of this impacting point can be used for formal experiment; If the coefficient of coherence overwhelming majority value that lump coherence function is corresponding is less than 0.8, then need to adjust excitation amplitude corresponding to this impacting point, position and direction of excitation;
Step 5-3: repeat step 5-2, until complete the anticipation of whole impacting point, and finally determines the direction of excitation of the quantity of impacting point, the position of each impacting point and each impacting point, and the amplitude of each impacting point exciting force;
Step 6: start formally to test, enabling signal generator sends random excitation signal, and input to corresponding vibrator after pumping signal being amplified by power amplifier;
Step 7: each vibrator encourages tested lathe with different excitation amplitudes simultaneously, passes through exciting force signal corresponding to each impacting point of data collecting instrument real time record simultaneously;
Step 8: the speed determining laser scanning, use laser scanning device, point by point scanning is carried out along lathe response measuring point, respectively along+X ,-X ,+Y during scanning,-Y four direction, carry out according to the mode of lining by line scan or scan by column, by the time domain waveform of data collecting instrument real time record response signal in scanning process, obtain lathe wire-frame model at different rows and oscillating scanning time-domain signal corresponding to different lines;
Step 9: by the response signal of the difference response measuring point corresponding to the oscillating scanning signal of different rows and different lines in sliding window "flop-out" method accurate recognition wire-frame model;
Step 9-1: determine sliding window number;
The row corresponding according to sweep signal or n the measuring point comprised in arranging, determine that the number of sliding window is n;
Step 9-2: determine sliding window position;
The sweep speed supposing laser scanning device is v, and the vibratory response time completing certain row or certain row is t, and moment corresponding to scanning the 1st response measuring point is scanning initial time t
0, then the mistiming τ of adjacent two response measuring points is:
τ＝t/(n-1) (2)
Now paid close attention to a kth measuring point (k=1,2 ..., n) the corresponding moment is:
Step 9-3: utilize sliding window width determination criterion, the time width of sliding window is set; Described sliding window width determination criterion is as follows:
In formula, Δ t is sliding window width; D is the diameter of single response measuring point, is generally 0.001 ~ 0.005m; V is the sweep speed of laser scanning device, and unit is m/s;
Step 9-4: the response signal extracting response measuring point from oscillating scanning signal;
For k=1, namely the 1st response measuring point, gets the t of oscillating scanning time-domain signal
0moment is to t
0+ Δ t is the response signal of response measuring point; For k=2 ..., n-1, namely the 2nd response measuring point is to (n-1)th response measuring point, gets the t of oscillating scanning time-domain signal
k-0.5 Δ t is to t
k+ 0.5 Δ t is the response signal of response measuring point; For k=n, i.e. the n-th response measuring point, the t-Δ t of getting oscillating scanning time-domain signal is the response signal of response measuring point to t.
Step 10: the response signal of the exciting force signal corresponding based on each obtained impacting point and each response measuring point, calculates multiple frequency response function;
Step 11: utilize multi input multiple response Modal Parameters Identification identification frequency response function, obtain natural frequency and the Machine Tool Modal vibration shape of high-grade, digitally controlled machine tools, and the Machine Tool Modal vibration shape obtained is emulated, obtain Machine Tool Modal vibration shape animation.
Beneficial effect: the advantage that present invention utilizes the test of laser vibration measurer Non-contact nondestructive, on the basis of laser vibration measurer, large for physical dimension, the demand of the high-grade, digitally controlled machine tools Mode Shape test of surface configuration complexity, develop and there is flexible movement, the laser scanning device of rapid scanning vibration measuring function, also proposed sliding window "flop-out" method come more accurate, efficiently complete the task of high-grade, digitally controlled machine tools Mode Shape test, compensate for the measuring technique of machine industry advanced person and the disappearance of measurement means, contribute to the market competitiveness improving domestic high-grade, digitally controlled machine tools.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the high-grade, digitally controlled machine tools Mode Shape proving installation based on laser scanning of one embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the laser vibration measurer position automatic mechanism of one embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the high-grade, digitally controlled machine tools Mode Shape method of testing process flow diagram based on laser scanning of one embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the wire-frame model figure of the high-grade, digitally controlled machine tools of one embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of the vibration response signal of the difference response measuring point of the employing laser scanning device acquisition high-grade, digitally controlled machine tools of one embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is the method schematic diagram of the response signal of the difference of identification from the oscillating scanning signal response measuring point of one embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 7 is the frequency response function curve map for identifying natural frequency, damping when Mode Shape of one embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 8 is the 3rd rank Mode Shape animation figure of the high-grade, digitally controlled machine tools of one embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, one embodiment of the present invention are elaborated.
High-grade, digitally controlled machine tools Mode Shape proving installation based on laser scanning of the present invention, as shown in Figure 1, comprising: signal generator, multiple power amplifier, multiple vibrator, multiple force snesor, laser scanning device, data collecting instrument, industrial computer; Wherein, the input end of signal generator is connected with the output terminal of industrial computer; The output terminal of signal generator connects the input end of each power amplifier simultaneously; Be as separate connection one to one between multiple power amplifier and multiple vibrator and between multiple vibrator and multiple force snesor, namely the output terminal of a power amplifier connects with the input end of corresponding vibrator, and the output terminal of a vibrator connects with the input end of corresponding force snesor; Multiple force snesor distributing installation is on each impacting point position of predetermined lathe; The input end of the equal connection data Acquisition Instrument of output terminal of each force snesor; Another input end of data collecting instrument is connected with the output terminal of the laser vibration measurer in laser scanning device; Meanwhile, data collecting instrument is also interconnected with industrial computer;
Described laser scanning device, for obtaining the vibration response signal of the difference response measuring point of high-grade, digitally controlled machine tools and sending to data collecting instrument; Described laser scanning device comprises laser vibration measurer and laser vibration measurer position automatic mechanism further: laser vibration measurer is used for by laser vibration measurer position automatic mechanism, point by point scanning is carried out to the exciting measuring point of high-grade, digitally controlled machine tools, obtains the vibration response signal of the different exciting measuring points of high-grade, digitally controlled machine tools and send to data collecting instrument; What the laser vibration measurer of present embodiment adopted is SOPTOP LV-S01-DB contactless portable formula laser vibration measurer, it is connected with data collection and analysis instrument by BNC output terminal, its vibration velocity minimum resolution is 0.02 μm/s, its operating distance is 0.15m ~ 30m, frequency range is 1Hz ~ 22KHZ, use red laser, safety is visible, for making up the too heavy and impact on test macro inherent characteristic of conventional acceleration sensor additional mass; Described laser vibration measurer position automatic mechanism for position on this mechanism's Z axis of automatically the adjustment position of laser vibration measurer in this mechanism's X-axis, laser vibration measurer and laser vibration measurer in this mechanism around the angle that Z axis rotates, this mechanism can also be needed to move to desired location according to test by user.The laser vibration measurer position automatic mechanism of present embodiment as shown in Figure 2, combined and form, and Z axis rotation platform can move along Z axis and move along X-axis on XZ mobile platform by XZ mobile platform and Z axis rotation platform; The SOPTOP LV-S01-DB contactless portable formula laser vibration measurer of present embodiment is arranged on Z axis rotation platform.
Described signal generator is used for the instruction according to industrial computer, sends multichannel random excitation signal and sends to multiple power amplifier respectively; The SG4100ARF type signal generator of what the signal generator of present embodiment adopted is Imtech; Described multiple power amplifier is used for amplifying multichannel pumping signal respectively simultaneously, and the pumping signal after amplifying is sent to multiple vibrator respectively; 2732 type power amplifiers of what the power amplifier of present embodiment adopted is BK company; Described multiple vibrator is used for being excited at the same time in different positions, and excitation high-grade, digitally controlled machine tools make it be in the resonance state of different order; Because the physical dimension of high-grade, digitally controlled machine tools is larger, firmly hammer or single vibrator are difficult to effectively encourage it, need to use multiple vibrator to be excited at the same time in different positions, just can reach good vibration mode test effect, and in order to obtain the three-dimensional vibration shape of high-grade, digitally controlled machine tools more exactly, also need to be excited at the same time in different directions; 4824 type vibrators of what the vibrator of present embodiment adopted is B & K company; Described multiple force snesor distributing installation on each impacting point position of predetermined lathe, for obtaining exciting force signal that multiple vibrator sends respectively and sending to data collecting instrument; The 8230-002 type force snesor of what the force snesor of present embodiment adopted is B & K company; Described data collecting instrument is used for Real-time Collection and record vibration response signal and exciting force signal and sends industrial computer to; The 3560-D portable multi-channel data collecting instrument of what the data collection and analysis instrument of present embodiment adopted is B & K company, this data collection and analysis instrument is connected with industrial computer by netting twine;
Described industrial computer is used for the pumping signal that control signal generator sends corresponding frequencies; According to structure, the shape and size relation of lathe, set up the wire-frame model of high-grade, digitally controlled machine tools; The response signal of the exciting force signal corresponding based on each obtained impacting point and each response measuring point, calculates multiple frequency response function; Utilize multi input multiple response Modal Parameters Identification identification frequency response function, obtain natural frequency and the Machine Tool Modal vibration shape of high-grade, digitally controlled machine tools; The Machine Tool Modal vibration shape obtained is emulated, obtains Machine Tool Modal vibration shape animation.What the industrial computer of present embodiment was selected is DELL M6400 high-performance notebook computer.
The high-grade, digitally controlled machine tools of present embodiment are the vertical machining centre that Shenyang machine tool plant produces, and its model is VMC 0540d, and its dimensional parameters is as shown in table 1.
Table 1 high-grade, digitally controlled machine tools dimensional parameters (mm)
The method of the high-grade, digitally controlled machine tools Mode Shape proving installation determination high-grade, digitally controlled machine tools Mode Shape based on laser scanning described in employing, as shown in Figure 3, comprises the steps:
Step 1: the high-grade, digitally controlled machine tools of present embodiment are adjusted to test mode: the safeguard removing high-grade, digitally controlled machine tools, operation machine tool numerical control system, by setting for machine to conventional working position, guarantees that its slide unit is in fixing locking state; Meanwhile, tighten the foot bolt of lathe, guarantee that its restrained boundary condition remains unchanged in test process;
Step 2: according to structure, the shape and size relation of lathe, set up the wire-frame model of high-grade, digitally controlled machine tools, and on the wire-frame model of these high-grade, digitally controlled machine tools, determine the direction of vibration interested responding measuring point and each response measuring point;
The wire-frame model of high-grade, digitally controlled machine tools is set up, the wire-frame model of the high-grade, digitally controlled machine tools of present embodiment and the response measuring point determined on this wire-frame model, as shown in Figure 4 according to the dimensional parameters of the high-grade, digitally controlled machine tools of present embodiment shown in table 1;
Step 3: select 3 response measuring points as impacting point from step 2 in determined response measuring point;
Step 4: by multiple force snesor distributing installation on each impacting point position;
Step 5: carry out excitation parameter anticipation experiment, determine the quantity of impacting point, position and direction, and the amplitude of each impacting point exciting force;
Step 5-1: for obtaining good experimental result, needed to carry out excitation parameter anticipation experiment before formal experiment is carried out, and in the wire-frame model of lathe, choose i response measuring point, the number of i meets:
i≥λj (1)
In formula, λ=3 ~ 5, λ value is larger, then excitation parameter anticipation result is more accurate, but spended time is longer.Regulate laser measuring point to above-mentioned i response point position, and test obtain i response measuring point respectively relative to the coherence function of each impacting point respectively, obtains i*j group coherence function;
Step 5-2: for each impacting point, to carry out i response measuring point suing for peace the lump coherence function being averaged and calculating impacting point relative to the coherence function of impacting point respectively, obtains j lump coherence function; If coefficient of coherence overwhelming majority value corresponding to lump coherence function is greater than 0.8, then prove that excitation amplitude that this impacting point is corresponding, position and direction of excitation meet the requirement of vibration mode test, then the excitation parameter of this impacting point can be used for formal experiment; If the coefficient of coherence overwhelming majority value that lump coherence function is corresponding is less than 0.8, then need to adjust excitation amplitude corresponding to this impacting point, position and direction of excitation;
Step 5-3: repeat step 5-2, until complete the anticipation of whole impacting point, and finally determines the direction of excitation of the quantity of impacting point, the position of each impacting point and each impacting point, and the amplitude of each impacting point exciting force;
As shown in Figure 5, at lathe bed, column and main spindle box, bed knife sensor is installed respectively, and carries out excitation parameter anticipation experiment; According to excitation parameter anticipation experimental result, determine that the quantity of impacting point is 3, position and direction be respectively as+83Y ,-292X ,+121X, the average exciting force amplitude of each vibrator is respectively 45N, 87N, 64N,
Step 6: start formally to test, enabling signal generator sends random excitation signal, and input to 4824 corresponding type vibrators after pumping signal being amplified by 2732 type power amplifiers;
Step 7: each vibrator encourages tested lathe with different excitation amplitudes simultaneously, passes through exciting force signal corresponding to each impacting point of 3560-D portable multi-channel data collecting instrument real time record simultaneously;
Step 8: the speed determining laser scanning, by XZ mobile platform and Z axis rotation platform, SOPTOP LV-S01-DB contactless portable formula laser vibration measurer is utilized to carry out point by point scanning along lathe response measuring point, respectively along+X ,-X ,+Y during scanning,-Y four direction, as shown in Figure 5, carry out according to the mode of lining by line scan or scan by column, by the time domain waveform of 3560-D portable multi-channel data collecting instrument real time record response signal in scanning process; Obtain lathe wire-frame model at different rows and oscillating scanning time-domain signal corresponding to different lines, and oscillating scanning signal and direction of scanning are numbered;
When wherein scanning, the response measuring point that excited device shelters from first does not scan, but carries out manual test after entire scan terminates;
Step 9: by the response signal of the difference response measuring point corresponding to the oscillating scanning signal of different rows and different lines in sliding window "flop-out" method accurate recognition wire-frame model, as shown in Figure 6;
Step 9-1: determine sliding window number;
The row corresponding according to sweep signal or n the measuring point comprised in arranging, determine that the number of sliding window is n;
Step 9-2: determine sliding window position;
The sweep speed supposing laser scanning device is v, and the vibratory response time completing certain row or certain row is t, and moment corresponding to scanning the 1st response measuring point is scanning initial time t
0, then the mistiming τ of adjacent two response measuring points is:
τ＝t/(n-1) (2)
The moment that now paid close attention to a kth measuring point is corresponding is:
Step 9-3: utilize sliding window width determination criterion, the time width of sliding window is set; Described sliding window width determination criterion is as follows:
In formula, Δ t is sliding window width; D is the diameter of single response measuring point, is generally 0.001 ~ 0.005m; V is the sweep speed of laser scanning device, and unit is m/s;
Step 9-4: the response signal extracting response measuring point from oscillating scanning signal;
For k=1, namely the 1st response measuring point, gets the t of oscillating scanning time-domain signal
0moment is to t
0+ Δ t is the response signal of response measuring point; For k=2 ..., n-1, namely the 2nd response measuring point is to (n-1)th response measuring point, gets the t of oscillating scanning time-domain signal
k-0.5 Δ t is to t
k+ 0.5 Δ t is the response signal of response measuring point; For k=n, i.e. the n-th response measuring point, the t-Δ t of getting oscillating scanning time-domain signal is the response signal of response measuring point to t.
The response signal extracting 3 response measuring points from oscillating scanning signal such as shown in Fig. 6, wherein Δ t=0.5s, t
0=0s, t
2=4.45s, t
3=8.9s, for k=1, i.e. the 1st response measuring point, 0s to the 0.5s getting oscillating scanning time-domain signal is the response signal of response measuring point; For k=2, i.e. the 2nd response measuring point, 4.2s to the 4.7s getting oscillating scanning time-domain signal is the response signal of response measuring point; For k=3, i.e. the 3rd response measuring point, 8.4s to the 8.9s getting oscillating scanning time-domain signal is the response signal of response measuring point.
Step 10: the response signal of the exciting force signal corresponding based on each obtained impacting point and each response measuring point, calculate multiple frequency response function, as shown in Figure 7, computing formula is as follows:
In formula, the frequency spectrum that X (f) is response signal, F (f) is the frequency spectrum of exciting force signal.
Step 11: utilize multi input multiple response Modal Parameters Identification identification frequency response function, what identify in front 100Hz the results are shown in Table 2, obtain the natural frequency of high-grade, digitally controlled machine tools, damping ratio and the Machine Tool Modal vibration shape, and the Machine Tool Modal vibration shape obtained is emulated, obtain Machine Tool Modal vibration shape animation, wherein the 3rd first order mode as shown in Figure 8, and it is relatively large that the dark colour in figure represents its place partial vibration amplitude, and it is relatively little that light colour represents its place partial vibration amplitude.
Complete machine each rank modal parameter and vibration shape essential characteristic in table 2 100Hz
| Mode order | Frequency (Hz) | Damping ratio (%) | The vibration shape describes |
| 1 | 20.7 | 1.42 | Lathe entirety is rocked before and after Y-direction |
| 2 | 40.9 | 1.55 | Lathe entirety is rocked to the left and right along X |
| 3 | 52 | 1.54 | Lathe entirety is rocked |
| 4 | 55.8 | 2.48 | Main spindle box is nodded |
。
Claims (10)
1. based on a high-grade, digitally controlled machine tools Mode Shape proving installation for laser scanning, it is characterized in that: comprising: signal generator, multiple power amplifier, multiple vibrator, multiple force snesor, laser scanning device, data collecting instrument, industrial computer;
The input end of described signal generator is connected with the output terminal of described industrial computer; The output terminal of described signal generator is connected with the input end of described multiple power amplifier simultaneously; Be as separate connection one to one between described multiple power amplifier and described multiple vibrator and between described multiple vibrator and described multiple force snesor; Described multiple force snesor distributing installation is on each impacting point position of predetermined lathe; The output terminal of each force snesor all connects the input end of described data collecting instrument; Another input end of described data collecting instrument is connected with the output terminal of the laser vibration measurer in described laser scanning device; Meanwhile, data collecting instrument is also interconnected with industrial computer;
Described laser scanning device, for obtaining the vibration response signal of the difference response measuring point of high-grade, digitally controlled machine tools and sending to data collecting instrument; Described laser scanning device comprises further:
Laser vibration measurer, be arranged on the automatic mechanism of laser vibration measurer position, for passing through laser vibration measurer position automatic mechanism, point by point scanning is carried out to the response measuring point of high-grade, digitally controlled machine tools, obtains the vibration response signal of the difference response measuring point of high-grade, digitally controlled machine tools and send to data collecting instrument;
Laser vibration measurer position automatic mechanism, for automatically adjusting position on this mechanism's Z axis of the position of laser vibration measurer in this mechanism's X-axis, laser vibration measurer and single-point laser vialog around the angle that Z axis rotates in this mechanism, this mechanism can also be needed to move to desired location according to test by user;
Described industrial computer is used for the pumping signal that control signal generator sends corresponding frequencies; According to structure, the shape and size relation of lathe, set up the wire-frame model of high-grade, digitally controlled machine tools; The response signal of the exciting force signal corresponding based on each obtained impacting point and each response measuring point, calculates multiple frequency response function; Utilize multi input multiple response Modal Parameters Identification identification frequency response function, obtain natural frequency and the Machine Tool Modal vibration shape of high-grade, digitally controlled machine tools; The Machine Tool Modal vibration shape obtained is emulated, obtains Machine Tool Modal vibration shape animation.
2. the high-grade, digitally controlled machine tools Mode Shape proving installation based on laser scanning according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described signal generator is used for the instruction according to industrial computer, send multichannel random excitation signal and send to multiple power amplifier respectively; Described multiple power amplifier is used for amplifying multichannel pumping signal respectively simultaneously, and the pumping signal after amplifying is sent to multiple vibrator respectively.
3. the high-grade, digitally controlled machine tools Mode Shape proving installation based on laser scanning according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described multiple vibrator is used for being excited at the same time in different positions, and excitation high-grade, digitally controlled machine tools make it vibrate.
4. the high-grade, digitally controlled machine tools Mode Shape proving installation based on laser scanning according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described multiple force snesor, for obtaining exciting force signal that multiple vibrator sends respectively and sending to data collecting instrument.
5. the high-grade, digitally controlled machine tools Mode Shape proving installation based on laser scanning according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described data collecting instrument is used for Real-time Collection and record vibration response signal and exciting force signal and sends industrial computer to.
6. the high-grade, digitally controlled machine tools Mode Shape proving installation based on laser scanning according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described laser vibration measurer position automatic mechanism is combined by XZ mobile platform and Z axis rotation platform and forms, and Z axis rotation platform can move along Z axis and move along X-axis on XZ mobile platform.
7. the high-grade, digitally controlled machine tools Mode Shape proving installation based on laser scanning according to claim 6, is characterized in that: described laser vibration measurer is arranged on Z axis rotation platform.
8. adopt the method for the high-grade, digitally controlled machine tools Mode Shape proving installation based on laser scanning according to claim 1 test high-grade, digitally controlled machine tools Mode Shape, it is characterized in that: comprise the steps:
Step 1: high-grade, digitally controlled machine tools are adjusted to test mode;
Step 2: according to structure, the shape and size relation of lathe, set up the wire-frame model of high-grade, digitally controlled machine tools, and on the wire-frame model of these high-grade, digitally controlled machine tools, determine the direction of vibration interested responding measuring point and each response measuring point;
Step 3: select j to respond measuring point as impacting point from step 2 in determined response measuring point;
Step 4: by multiple force snesor distributing installation on each impacting point position;
Step 5: the wire-frame model utilizing high-grade, digitally controlled machine tools, carries out excitation parameter anticipation experiment, determines the quantity of impacting point, the position of impacting point and direction of excitation, and the amplitude of each impacting point exciting force;
Step 6: start formally to test, enabling signal generator sends random excitation signal, and input to corresponding vibrator after pumping signal being amplified by power amplifier;
Step 7: each vibrator encourages tested lathe with different excitation amplitudes simultaneously, passes through exciting force signal corresponding to each impacting point of data collecting instrument real time record simultaneously;
Step 8: the speed determining laser scanning, use laser scanning device, point by point scanning is carried out along lathe response measuring point, respectively along+X ,-X ,+Y during scanning,-Y four direction, carry out according to the mode of lining by line scan or scan by column, by the time domain waveform of data collecting instrument real time record response signal in scanning process, obtain lathe wire-frame model at different rows and oscillating scanning time-domain signal corresponding to different lines;
Step 9: by the response signal of the difference response measuring point corresponding to the oscillating scanning signal of different rows and different lines in sliding window "flop-out" method accurate recognition wire-frame model;
Step 10: the response signal of the exciting force signal corresponding based on each obtained impacting point and each response measuring point, calculates multiple frequency response function;
Step 11: utilize multi input multiple response Modal Parameters Identification identification frequency response function, obtain natural frequency and the Machine Tool Modal vibration shape of high-grade, digitally controlled machine tools, and the Machine Tool Modal vibration shape obtained is emulated, obtain Machine Tool Modal vibration shape animation.
9. the method for the test of the high-grade, digitally controlled machine tools Mode Shape proving installation based on laser scanning high-grade, digitally controlled machine tools Mode Shape according to claim 8, is characterized in that: described step 5 comprises the steps:
Step 5-1: choose i response measuring point in the wire-frame model of lathe, the number of i meets:
i≥λj (1)
Wherein λ=3 ~ 5; Regulate laser measuring point to above-mentioned i response point position, and test obtain i response measuring point respectively relative to the coherence function of each impacting point respectively, obtains i*j group coherence function;
Step 5-2: for each impacting point, to carry out i response measuring point suing for peace the lump coherence function being averaged and calculating impacting point relative to the coherence function of impacting point respectively, obtains j lump coherence function; If coefficient of coherence overwhelming majority value corresponding to lump coherence function is greater than 0.8, then proves that excitation amplitude that this impacting point is corresponding, position and direction of excitation meet the requirement of vibration mode test, can be used for formal experiment; If the coefficient of coherence overwhelming majority value that lump coherence function is corresponding is less than 0.8, then need to adjust excitation amplitude corresponding to this impacting point, position and direction of excitation;
Step 5-3: repeat step 5-2, until complete the anticipation of whole impacting point, and finally determines the direction of excitation of the quantity of impacting point, the position of each impacting point and each impacting point, and the amplitude of each impacting point exciting force.
10. the method for the test of the high-grade, digitally controlled machine tools Mode Shape proving installation based on laser scanning high-grade, digitally controlled machine tools Mode Shape according to claim 8, is characterized in that: described step 9 comprises the steps:
Step 9-1: determine sliding window number;
The row corresponding according to sweep signal or n the measuring point comprised in arranging, determine that the number of sliding window is n;
Step 9-2: determine sliding window position;
The sweep speed supposing laser scanning device is v, and the vibratory response time completing certain row or certain row is t, and moment corresponding to scanning the 1st response measuring point is scanning initial time t
0, then the mistiming τ of adjacent two response measuring points is:
τ＝t/(n-1) (2)
Now paid close attention to a kth measuring point (k=1,2 ..., n) the corresponding moment is:
Step 9-3: utilize sliding window width determination criterion, the time width of sliding window is set; Described sliding window width determination criterion is as follows:
In formula, Δ t is sliding window width; D is the diameter of single response measuring point, is generally 0.001 ~ 0.005m; V is the sweep speed of laser scanning device, and unit is m/s;
Step 9-4: the response signal extracting response measuring point from oscillating scanning signal;
For k=1, namely the 1st response measuring point, gets the t of oscillating scanning time-domain signal
0moment is to t
0+ Δ t is the response signal of response measuring point; For k=2 ..., n-1, namely the 2nd response measuring point is to (n-1)th response measuring point, gets the t of oscillating scanning time-domain signal
k-0.5 Δ t is to t
k+ 0.5 Δ t is the response signal of response measuring point; For k=n, i.e. the n-th response measuring point, the t-Δ t of getting oscillating scanning time-domain signal is the response signal of response measuring point to t.
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