CN104894480A - Spray formed cold work tool steel - Google Patents
Spray formed cold work tool steel Download PDFInfo
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- CN104894480A CN104894480A CN201510249673.5A CN201510249673A CN104894480A CN 104894480 A CN104894480 A CN 104894480A CN 201510249673 A CN201510249673 A CN 201510249673A CN 104894480 A CN104894480 A CN 104894480A
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- carbide
- tool steel
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- cold work
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Abstract
The invention relates to a spray formed cold work tool steel, which comprises the following chemical components by mass percent: 1.0%-1.5% of C, 0.1%-0.5% of W, less than or equal to 2.0% of Mo, 11.1%-15.2% of Cr, 0.6%-1.5% of V, 0.2%-1.0% of Nb, 0.05%-0.5% of Co, less than or equal to 0.5% of Si, 0.2%-0.6% of Mn, 0.1%-0.8% of N, and the balance iron and impurities. The carbide of the spray formed cold work tool steel is MC carbide and M7C3 carbide, wherein the type of the MC carbide is (V, Nb)(C, N). The prepared spray formed cold work tool steel has uniformly distributed carbide with fine particle size, and has excellent wear resistance and toughness. The invention employs the spray forming process for preparation, the preparation cost is lower than that of powder metallurgy process, thus being beneficial to reduction of the overall cost of alloy.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of cold work tool steel, particularly relate to a kind of reaction-injection moulding cold work tool steel.
Background technology
Cold work tool steel should possess the excellent properties comprising four aspects such as wear resisting property, impelling strength, bending strength and hardness simultaneously.Under regular service condition, wear resisting property determines the length in work-ing life, and the wear resisting property of tool steel depends on the content of the hard second phase existed in matrix hardness and steel, form and size-grade distribution.Hard second phase in steel comprises M
6c, M
2c, M
23c
6, M
7c
3and MC etc., the microhardness of MC carbide, higher than other carbide, can protect matrix better in operation process, thus the generation reduced wear, improve the work-ing life of tool and mould.The impelling strength of tool steel is the important indicator of reflection toughness, in steel, the existence of thick carbide causes stress concentration, tool steel toughness is reduced, cause rupturing under lower external force loads, in order to improve tool steel toughness, minimizing carbide content or refined carbides granularity are important means.In order to avoid the generation of viscous deformation in tool steel use procedure, tool steel requires that hardness reaches more than HRC60 usually.
Current tool steel mainly adopts traditional cast forging process preparation, cast forging process is adopted to prepare the restriction that tool steel is subject to technological process molten steel Slow cooling Solidification Characteristics, easily segregation is there is in alloying constituent in process of setting, form thick carbide tissue, even if through follow-up forging rolling process, this harmful structure still alloy performance can bring detrimentally affect, cause casting forger tool Steel Properties comprises intensity, toughness, wear resisting property, grindability can etc. be in level on the low side, be difficult to meet the requirement of high-end processing and manufacturing to materials'use performance and lifetime stability.Powder metallurgical technique is adopted to prepare the problem that tool steel solves segregation, prepare alloy structure fine uniform, compare casting wrought alloy performance to have and significantly promote, but Problems existing is that powder metallurgical technique is complicated, long flow path, bring the raising of cost, limit widely using of powder metallurgy tool steel.Under this kind of background; adopt spray deposition processing to prepare tool steel to be in recent years developed; the technological principle of reaction-injection moulding is as under the protective atmosphere such as nitrogen, argon gas at rare gas element; adopt high pressure gas that molten metal is broken into tiny metal drop; atomized droplet is cooled to half curdled appearance in flight course; deposition receptor surface is clashed in the flight of these half curdled appearance molten drops; deposit; progressively grow up into bulk metal deposit preform, follow-uply can carry out forging rolling processing to deposit preform and obtain desired shape material.Adopt spray deposition processing to prepare tool steel and have been reported, but due to the proportioning of its material composition reasonable not, its carbide of the tool steel of generation is organized not ideal enough, and its performance is excellent not.
Summary of the invention
For solving the deficiencies in the prior art, the invention provides a kind of reaction-injection moulding cold work tool steel with excellent properties.
For achieving the above object, its chemical composition of reaction-injection moulding cold work tool steel of the present invention comprises by mass percentage: C:1.0%-1.5%, W:0.1%-0.5%, Mo :≤2.0%, Cr:11.1%-15.2%, V:0.6%-1.5%, Nb:0.2%-1.0%, Co:0.05%-0.5%, Si :≤0.5%, Mn:0.2%-0.6%, N:0.1%-0.8%, surplus is iron and impurity; The carbide of described reaction-injection moulding cold work tool steel consists of MC carbide and M
7c
3carbide, wherein the type of MC carbide is (V, Nb) (C, N).
The present invention, by the design of alloying constituent, promotes forming core and the refinement of tool steel carbide under spray deposition processing, thus improves wear resisting property and the toughness of tool steel.
C element part is solid-solution in matrix, improve matrix strength, simultaneously, C element is one of component of carbide, and content can not be less than 1.0%, to ensure that alloying element fully can participate in Carbide Precipitation, the maximum level of C is no more than 1.5%, avoiding too much C to be solid-solution in matrix causes toughness to decline, and within the scope of C content 1.0%-1.5%, can obtain the cooperation of maximum abrasive resistance energy and obdurability.
W, Mo are solid-solution in matrix, and improve matrix hardening capacity, W content range of the present invention is the content range of 0.1%-0.5%, Mo is Mo≤2.0%.
The effect of Cr is solid-solution in matrix on the one hand, improves hardening capacity, participates in the precipitation of rich Cr carbide on the other hand, as M
7c
3carbide, M
23c
6carbide etc., Cr content of the present invention is 11.1%-15.2%.
The use of V element is extremely important for raising wear resisting property, and V is the principal element forming MC type carbide, and consider the dual requirements of tool steel to wear resisting property and toughness, V content controls at 0.6%-1.5%.
Effect and the V of Nb are similar, participate in forming MC carbide, and Nb of the present invention is solid-solution in MC carbide, improve number of nuclei during MC Carbide Precipitation, promote MC Carbide Precipitation and refinement, and improve wear resisting property, the content range of the present invention's control Nb is 0.2%-1.0%.
Co is mainly solid-solution in matrix, and promote Carbide Precipitation, refined carbides granularity, the scope of Co content of the present invention is 0.05%-0.5%.
Si does not participate in carbide and is formed, and usually use as a kind of reductor and matrix strengthening unit, Si too much can make the toughness of matrix decline, and therefore Si content range is defined as Si≤0.5%.
Mn adds as reductor, and can consolidate sulphur and reduce red brittleness, manganese increases hardening capacity in addition, and Mn content range of the present invention is 0.2%-0.6%.
N participates in forming MC carbide, and under condition of fast cooling, N promotes that MC carbide forming core is separated out, and MC carbide can not be caused too to grow up simultaneously, and be conducive to improving wear resisting property, limiting N content scope is 0.1%-0.8%.
Nb, N alloying element facilitates the precipitation of high rigidity MC carbide, and be conducive to wear resisting property and improve, MC carbide is (V, Nb) (C, N), and Carbide size is tiny, is evenly distributed, and makes reaction-injection moulding cold work tool steel of the present invention possess excellent toughness.
As the restriction to aforesaid way, described impurity comprises O, O≤0.01%.
The too high tool steel toughness that causes of O declines, and the present invention's control O content≤0.01%, to guarantee the premium properties of steel.
As the restriction to aforesaid way, its chemical composition comprises by mass percentage: C:1.0%-1.4%, W:0.1%-0.3%, Mo :≤1.5%, Cr:11.5%-14.0%, V:0.7%-1.5%, Nb:0.4%-1.0%, Co:0.05%-0.3%, Si :≤0.4%, Mn:0.2%-0.5%, N:0.1%-0.6%, O≤0.008%, surplus is iron and impurity.
In order to reach better over-all properties, each chemical composition in reaction-injection moulding cold work tool steel of the present invention should control within claimed range.
As the restriction to aforesaid way, described impurity comprises S, S≤0.1%.
As the restriction to aforesaid way, described impurity comprises P, P≤0.03%.
As the restriction to aforesaid way, the volume fraction of described MC carbide is 1%-2.5%.
As the restriction to aforesaid way, described MC carbide at least 80Vol% MC carbide size≤2 μm, maximum MC carbide size is no more than 3 μm.
As the restriction to aforesaid way, described M
7c
3carbide is rich Cr carbide.
As the restriction to aforesaid way, described M
7c
3the volume fraction of carbide is 12%-16%.
As the restriction to aforesaid way, described M
7c
3carbide is 80Vol% M at least
7c
3carbide size is 3-12 μm, maximum M
7c
3carbide size is no more than 22 μm.
Reaction-injection moulding cold work tool steel of the present invention, can adopt and prepare with the following method, comprise the following steps:
A, be transferred to ladle by above-mentioned chemical constitution requirement preparation tool steel molten steel;
The covering slag that b, electrified regulation molten steel ladle upper surface cover, maintains the superheating temperature of molten steel; Pass into rare gas element at ladle bottom to stir molten steel;
C, molten steel is flowed into pre-warmed tundish by the thrust-augmenting nozzle of ladle bottom with regime flow, enter when tundish buries thrust-augmenting nozzle lower surface until molten steel and covering slag is applied to molten steel upper surface;
D, continued compensation heating is carried out to tundish, maintain the superheating temperature of molten steel;
E, molten steel adopt rare gas element to carry out spray deposition after tundish enters jet deposition room, complete jet deposition and obtain jet deposition ingot under stabilization of export pressure; Models of Spray Deposition maintenance molten steel temperature is stable, molten steel flow is stablized, and jet deposition take-up reel slowly declines and horizontally rotates simultaneously, and jet deposition take-up reel lowering speed and the jet deposition ingot speed of growth are consistent and make jet deposition ingot upper surface constant height; Control gas inlet, go out airshed, keep the protection of inert gas atmosphere of jet deposition room;
F, jet deposition ingot is transferred to protective atmosphere stove carries out annealing or being directly transferred to hot forging process procedure.
Whole process protection is adopted in spray deposition processing process, to control oxygen level and carbide morphology, optimization tool Steel Properties.The covering slag of ladle possesses isolated air and conduction heating function; Ladle bottom passes into rare gas element by breather hole, makes different positions molten steel temperature in ladle balanced, accelerates harmful floating be mingled with simultaneously and removes; The thrust-augmenting nozzle of ladle bottom plays guide functions to molten steel on the one hand, reduces molten steel circulation process turbulent flow and produces, avoid slag or minimizing to be mingled with and enter into next link, avoids molten steel directly and the contact of air on the other hand, prevents molten steel oxygen level from rising; The covering slag of tundish prevents the molten steel flowing through tundish from directly contacting with air, reduces the rising of molten steel oxygen level; Molten steel enters before tundish and preheats tundish, local coagulation or cause second-phase to be separated out in advance when preventing molten steel from entering tundish; Control gas inlet in Models of Spray Deposition and go out airshed, keeping the protective atmosphere of jet deposition room rare gas element, jet deposition ingot is played a protective role.
In sum, adopt technical scheme of the present invention, obtain cold work tool steel due to the interpolation of Nb, N alloying element, facilitate MC Carbide Precipitation, be conducive to wear resisting property to improve, MC carbide is (V, Nb) (C, N), and Carbide size is tiny, is evenly distributed, possesses excellent wear resisting property and toughness, heat treatment hardness can reach more than HRC60, can meet dissimilar application demand, of many uses.Reaction-injection moulding cold work tool steel of the present invention adopts spray deposition processing preparation, and it is low that reasonable offer cost compares powder metallurgical technique, is conducive to reducing alloy monolithic cost.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Do further to describe in detail to the present invention below in conjunction with the drawings and the specific embodiments:
Fig. 1 is the organization chart of reaction-injection moulding cold work tool steel of the present invention.
Embodiment
Embodiment one
The present embodiment relates to one group of reaction-injection moulding cold work tool steel, and its chemical composition is as shown in table 1.1:
The chemical group submeter of table 1.1 embodiment one reaction-injection moulding cold work tool steel
Adopt following preparation process:
A, loaded in reaction-injection moulding melting ladle by inventive article steel molten steel, molten steel loading weight is 3.5 tons;
B, the covering slag electrified regulation adopting Graphite Electrodes to cover molten steel ladle upper surface, ladle bottom breather hole passes into argon gas and stirs molten steel in ladle, opens molten steel thrust-augmenting nozzle when superheat of liquid steel reaches 100 DEG C-150 DEG C;
C, molten steel is flowed into the tundish being preheated to 800 DEG C by the thrust-augmenting nozzle of ladle bottom, control thrust-augmenting nozzle entrance size, make molten steel flow be 100 kg/min-200 kg/min, molten steel buries molten steel thrust-augmenting nozzle lower surface after entering tundish time, apply covering slag;
D, Models of Spray Deposition compensate heating to middle holding is continuous, make superheat of liquid steel maintain 100 DEG C-150 DEG C;
E, molten steel leak eye by tundish bottom opening and enter jet deposition room, open gas injection valve, and adopt nitrogen to carry out spray deposition as gaseous media, nitrogen gas purity >=99.999%, oxygen level≤2ppm, gas jet top hole pressure is 1.0MPa-1.5MPa; Molten steel is fractured into and partly solidifies molten drop under rare gas element jetting action, forms atomizing cone with gas and vapor permeation thereupon, molten drop flight to jet deposition take-up reel be captured formation of deposits deposition ingot; Models of Spray Deposition maintenance molten steel temperature is stable, molten steel flow is stablized, and jet deposition take-up reel slowly declines and horizontally rotates simultaneously, and jet deposition take-up reel lowering speed and the jet deposition ingot speed of growth are consistent and make jet deposition ingot upper surface constant height; Before and after jet deposition starts, jet deposition chamber interior keeps protectiveness nitrogen atmosphere, and deposition process controls gas inlet and goes out airshed, keeps jet deposition room protection of inert gas atmosphere;
Obtain single > 3 tons after f, jet deposition complete, be of a size of Φ 550mm ingot, jet deposition ingot is transferred to nitrogen atmosphere protection anneal after furnace cooling.
The reaction-injection moulding cold work tool steel of the embodiment 1.1 ~ 1.4 obtained is made again the bar of Φ 50mm.
Embodiment two
The present embodiment relates to the checking of the carbide content of the reaction-injection moulding cold work tool steel of embodiment one and granularity, heat treatment hardness, impelling strength, wear resisting property, wherein carbide content and granularity are analyzed based on scanning electron microscope acquisition tissue image, and heat treatment hardness, impelling strength, wear resisting property are tested with reference to GB/T 230.1, GB/T 229, GB/T 12444-2006 respectively.
The reaction-injection moulding cold work tool steel of embodiment 1.1,1.2 and the casting of purchase are forged cold work tool steel (alloy A) and powder metallurgy cold work tool steel (alloy B) is analyzed, its result is as follows:
Table 2.1 embodiment 1.1,1.2 and alloy A, B become to be grouped into contrast
In upper table, N.A represents and does not analyze.
Analyze the carbide of inventive article steel, carbide consists of MC carbide and M
7c
3carbide, wherein MC carbide is (V, Nb) (C, N), and main component consists of the alloying element such as V, Nb, C, N and a small amount of Fe, Cr, M
7c
3carbide is rich Cr type carbide.As shown in the organization chart of the reaction-injection moulding cold work tool steel of the present invention of Fig. 1, carbide is mainly the M of rich Cr
7c
3carbide, has the precipitation of MC carbide in addition.
Carbide content and the granularity of table 2.2 embodiment 1.1,1.2 and alloy A, B contrast
In upper table, Carbide size is the size of at least 80Vol% carbide.
Can be found out by table 2.2, reaction-injection moulding cold work tool steel MC carbide at least 80Vol% size≤2 μm of the present invention, maximum MC carbide size is no more than 3 μm, the level of the alloy B that the MC Carbide size of precipitation is prepared close to powder metallurgical technique; M
7c
3carbide at least 80Vol% is of a size of 3-12 μm, maximum M
7c
3carbide size is no more than 22 μm; Carbide size distribution is overall tiny of alloy A, is conducive to obtaining higher toughness.
Table 2.3 embodiment 1.1,1.2 and alloy A, the heat treatment hardness of B, impelling strength contrast
As can be seen from table 2.3, the carbide content of reaction-injection moulding cold work tool steel of the present invention is close with comparative alloy A, due to the refinement of Carbide size, reaction-injection moulding cold work tool steel of the present invention shows higher impelling strength, is conducive in the raising with work-ing life under shock load load condition.Because overall carbide content is higher, reaction-injection moulding cold work tool steel impelling strength of the present invention slightly prepares alloy B lower than powder metallurgical technique.
The wear resisting property of table 2.4 embodiment 1.1,1.2 and alloy A, B contrasts
As can be seen from table 2.4, the alloy A that the wear resisting property of reaction-injection moulding cold work tool steel of the present invention is prepared higher than common cast forging process, close to alloy B prepared by powder metallurgical technique.
In sum, reaction-injection moulding cold work tool steel of the present invention possesses excellent wear resisting property and toughness, and reason is, on the one hand due to the design of alloying constituent, to facilitate the precipitation with high rigidity MC carbide, improve wear resisting property; In addition owing to adopting spray deposition processing to be prepared, the Carbide size of formation is tiny, is evenly distributed, and makes tough sex expression excellent; After thermal treatment, reaction-injection moulding cold work tool steel of the present invention can obtain more than HRC60 hardness, dissimilar application demand can be met, of many uses, as can be applicable to the die cut moulds such as cutting die, thread rolling die, impressing mould, pruning punch die, fine blanking tool, cold roll, industry shear-blade, the wear-resisting spare parts such as conveying wear-resistant medium pump housing component, steel scrap knife mill, tyre crusher, first-class plastics machinery component of screw in injection molding machine, screw sleeve, screw rod etc.Due to reasonable offer cost, to compare powder metallurgical technique low, is conducive to falling low-alloyed holistic cost.
Claims (10)
1. a reaction-injection moulding cold work tool steel, is characterized in that, its chemical composition comprises by mass percentage: C:1.0%-1.5%, W:0.1%-0.5%, Mo :≤2.0%, Cr:11.1%-15.2%, V:0.6%-1.5%, Nb:0.2%-1.0%, Co:0.05%-0.5%, Si :≤0.5%, Mn:0.2%-0.6%, N:0.1%-0.8%, surplus is iron and impurity; The carbide of described reaction-injection moulding cold work tool steel consists of MC carbide and M
7c
3carbide, wherein the type of MC carbide is (V, Nb) (C, N).
2. reaction-injection moulding cold work tool steel according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described impurity comprises O, O≤0.01%.
3. reaction-injection moulding cold work tool steel according to claim 2, is characterized in that, its chemical composition comprises by mass percentage: C:1.0%-1.4%, W:0.1%-0.3%, Mo :≤1.5%, Cr:11.5%-14.0%, V:0.7%-1.5%, Nb:0.4%-1.0%, Co:0.05%-0.3%, Si :≤0.4%, Mn:0.2%-0.5%, N:0.1%-0.6%, O≤0.008%, surplus is iron and impurity.
4. reaction-injection moulding cold work tool steel according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described impurity comprises S, S≤0.1%.
5. reaction-injection moulding cold work tool steel according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described impurity comprises P, P≤0.03%.
6. reaction-injection moulding cold work tool steel according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the volume fraction of described MC carbide is 1%-2.5%.
7. reaction-injection moulding cold work tool steel according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described MC carbide at least 80Vol%MC carbide size≤2 μm, maximum MC carbide size is no more than 3 μm.
8. reaction-injection moulding cold work tool steel according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described M
7c
3carbide is rich Cr carbide.
9. reaction-injection moulding cold work tool steel according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described M
7c
3the volume fraction of carbide is 12%-16%.
10. reaction-injection moulding cold work tool steel according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described M
7c
3carbide is 80Vol% M at least
7c
3carbide size is 3-12 μm, maximum M
7c
3carbide size is no more than 22 μm.
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| CN104894480B CN104894480B (en) | 2017-05-03 |
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ID=54027427
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111074135A (en) * | 2019-11-14 | 2020-04-28 | 河冶科技股份有限公司 | Special corrosion-resistant wear-resistant tool steel for preparing screw rod in rubber and plastic machinery, preparation method thereof and screw rod for rubber and plastic machinery |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2003069004A1 (en) * | 2002-02-15 | 2003-08-21 | Uddeholm Tooling Aktiebolag | High chromium and carbide rich tool steel made by powder metallurgi and tool made of the steel |
| CN102350476A (en) * | 2011-08-04 | 2012-02-15 | 攀钢集团江油长城特殊钢有限公司 | Method for manufacturing large cake forgings of high-carbon and high-chromium cold working die steel |
-
2015
- 2015-05-15 CN CN201510249673.5A patent/CN104894480B/en active Active
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2003069004A1 (en) * | 2002-02-15 | 2003-08-21 | Uddeholm Tooling Aktiebolag | High chromium and carbide rich tool steel made by powder metallurgi and tool made of the steel |
| CN102350476A (en) * | 2011-08-04 | 2012-02-15 | 攀钢集团江油长城特殊钢有限公司 | Method for manufacturing large cake forgings of high-carbon and high-chromium cold working die steel |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111074135A (en) * | 2019-11-14 | 2020-04-28 | 河冶科技股份有限公司 | Special corrosion-resistant wear-resistant tool steel for preparing screw rod in rubber and plastic machinery, preparation method thereof and screw rod for rubber and plastic machinery |
| CN111074135B (en) * | 2019-11-14 | 2021-07-06 | 河冶科技股份有限公司 | Preparation method of corrosion-resistant and wear-resistant tool steel and screw for rubber and plastic machinery |
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