CN104894437A - High-strength and heat-resistant aluminum alloy wire and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-strength and heat-resistant aluminum alloy wire and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-strength and heat-resistant aluminum alloy wire and a preparation method thereof. The aluminum alloy wire comprises the composition by the mass percentage: 0.6-1.2% of Mg, 0.4-0.8% of Si, 3.0-7.0% of W, and the balance Al. The preparation method of the aluminum alloy wire comprises the following steps: preparing an aluminum alloy liquid, atomizing the aluminum alloy liquid into a powder, screening the aluminum alloy powder, mixing a tungsten powder with the particle size of not more than 3 microns with the aluminum alloy powder, carrying out cold isostatic pressing on the mixed powder into a prefabricated blank, carrying out vacuum degassing, heating, hot-extruding into an aluminum alloy round rod, drawing into an aluminum alloy wire, and carrying out solid solution and aging treatment to obtain the high-strength and heat-resistant aluminum alloy wire. Tungsten is uniformly added into the aluminum alloy wire by adopting a powder hot extrusion method, the strength of the aluminum alloy wire is strengthened, the aluminum alloy wire has excellent room-temperature tensile mechanical properties, electrical conductivity and heat resistance, the room-temperature tensile strength is more than 320 MPa, the elongation rate is more than 9%, the electrical conductivity is more than 56%IACS, and after heat preservation for 1 h at the temperature of 250 DEG C, the tensile strength is more than 290 MPa and the tensile strength survival rate is more than 91%.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to aluminium alloy conductor preparation field, be specifically related to a kind of high-strength heat-resisting aluminum-alloy wire and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Along with the high speed development of Chinese national economy, power industry construction is advanced by leaps and bounds, transmission line construction is just towards long distance, Great span, ultra-high voltage, Large Copacity future development, higher requirement be it is also proposed to overhead power transmission conducting wire and ultra-high voltage distribution substation tube type bus aluminum alloy materials, not only desired strength high, conduct electricity very well, and require there is good resistance toheat.The resistance toheat of heat-resistant aluminum alloy wire to be used under certain high temperature after held for some time usually, measures its remaining tensile strength and tensile strength survival rate characterizes.
Al-Mg-Si alloy belongs to heat-treatable strengthened aluminum alloy, is the material of main part manufacturing aldural wire at present.The paper (" reform and exploitation " of " the test application of high-strength heat-resistant aluminium alloy pipe type generatrix " has been delivered in the inscription of analogy state, 2009,4,140-141), have developed a kind of high-strength heat-resistant aluminium alloy pipe type generatrix, its chemical composition is: Mg 0.45 ~ 0.65%, Si 0.2 ~ 0.6%, Cu 0.1 ~ 0.2%, Zr 0.08 ~ 0.2%, Re0.07 ~ 0.18%, surplus are Al, room temperature tensile intensity is 246MPa, elongation is 8%, electric conductivity is 55%IACS, tensile strength after 250 DEG C of insulations annealing in 1 hour is 220MPa, and intensity survival rate is 89.4%.
CN102554192B discloses a kind of manufacture method of high-conductive heat-resistant electrode beam part, the composition of alloy material is: Mg0.5 ~ 1.0%, Si0.4 ~ 0.8%, Zr0.6 ~ 0.8%, Ce0.05 ~ 0.1%, B0.03 ~ 0.06%, surplus are Al, electric conductivity reaches 45%IACS, and life-time service temperature can reach 250 DEG C.
CN101174489A discloses a kind of high-strength heat-resistant aluminium alloy pipe type generatrix, its composition is: Mg0.5 ~ 0.75%, Si0.3 ~ 0.5%, Zr0.2 ~ 0.3% and a small amount of Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, Ti, electric conductivity is 53 ~ 58%IACS, its tensile strength >=210MPa during continuous use temperature 200 DEG C.
CN102011035A discloses a kind of heat-resistant all aluminum alloy conductor and manufacture method thereof, its composition is: Mg0.4 ~ 0.8%, Si0.05 ~ 0.35%, Zr0.2 ~ 0.5%, Fe0.15 ~ 1.0%, B0.001 ~ 0.2%, Re0.05 ~ 0.3%, surplus are Al and inevitable impurity element, has that current capacity is large, intensity comparatively advantages of higher.
Can see from the analysis of documents and materials, prior art usually improves the resistance toheat of Al-Mg-Si alloy wire mainly through adding the units such as Zr, Sc, B, La, the room temperature tensile intensity of aluminium alloy conductor is lower than 260MPa, tensile strength after 250 DEG C of insulations annealing in 1 hour is lower than 230MPa, survival rate, lower than 90%, is difficult to the manufacture requirements meeting Great span, ultra-high voltage, large capacity transmission wire and tube type bus.
Tungsten is the metal of a kind of silvery white, glossy, body-centered cubic structure, have that fusing point is high, the characteristic of stable chemical nature, tungsten is joined in aluminium alloy, utilize the high-temperature stability of tungsten, be expected to develop a kind of novel high-strength heat-resisting aluminum-alloy wire, but the fusing point between tungsten and aluminium alloy and density all difference are very large, and the fusing point of tungsten is 3422 DEG C, density is 19.35g/cm
3, the fusing point of aluminium alloy is generally 580 ~ 650 DEG C, density is 2.7 ~ 2.9g/cm
3, therefore, tungsten cannot evenly join in aluminium alloy by conventional aluminium alloy high temperature melting casting method.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is for prior art Problems existing with not enough, provide a kind of tensile strength high, elongation is high, the heat-resistant aluminum alloy wire that electric conductivity is high.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of preparation method of described high-strength heat-resisting aluminum-alloy wire.
The present invention realizes the technical scheme that above-mentioned purpose adopts: composition and the mass percent of described high-strength heat-resisting aluminum-alloy wire are: Mg 0.6 ~ 1.2%, Si 0.4 ~ 0.8%, W 3.0 ~ 7.0%, and surplus is Al.
Composition and the mass percent of described high-strength heat-resisting aluminum-alloy wire are: Mg 1.0%, Si 0.6%, W 5.0%, and surplus is Al.
The preparation method of described high-strength heat-resisting aluminum-alloy wire, is made up of following steps:
The first step: heat fused aluminium ingot is also warming up to 750 ~ 760 DEG C, adds pure magnesium and pure silicon by composition proportion, stirs the rear refining of fusing and skims, obtaining aluminum alloy melt;
Second step: under nitrogen protection aluminum alloy melt is atomized into powder, atomization temperature is 750 ~ 760 DEG C, and the pressure of atomization nitrogen is 5 ~ 6MPa;
3rd step: screen Al alloy powder, obtains the Al alloy powder of particle diameter≤112 micron;
4th step: the Al alloy powder of the tungsten powder of particle diameter≤3 micron and particle diameter≤112 micron is mixed;
5th step: above-mentioned powder mix isostatic cool pressing is become precast billet, isostatic cool pressing pressure is 200 ~ 210MPa, and the dwell time is 15 minutes;
6th step: above-mentioned precast billet is loaded vacuumize degassing in metal tube, and vacuum tightness is 10
-3pa, degassing time is 10 ~ 15 minutes, is then sealed by metal tube;
7th step: heat the metal tube of sealing, Heating temperature is 440 ~ 450 DEG C, and heat-up time is 5 hours;
8th step: take out the Aluminum alloy round bar that precast billet is hot extruded into diameter 10 millimeters, extrusion temperature is 440 ~ 450 DEG C, and extrusion ratio is 100, and extrusion speed is 1.1 ~ 1.2 ms/min;
9th step: aluminium alloy conductor Aluminum alloy round bar being drawn into diameter 1 ~ 3 millimeter, total deformation is 91 ~ 99%, and every time deflection is 8 ~ 15%;
Tenth step: by aluminium alloy conductor 530 ~ 535 DEG C of solution treatment 1 hour, 185 ~ 190 DEG C of timeliness 12 hours after shrend, obtains high-strength heat-resisting aluminum-alloy wire after furnace cooling.
Above-mentioned 4th step tungsten powder and Al alloy powder is loaded in drum mixer to mix, and the mass ratio of Al alloy powder and tungsten powder is 100:3.1 ~ 7.5, and the rotating speed of drum mixer is 150 revs/min, and mixing time is 4 hours.
Described metal tube is the pure aluminum tube of wall thickness 5 millimeters, aluminium-alloy pipe or stainless steel tube.For the ease of welded seal, preferred metal tube is the pure aluminum tube of wall thickness 5 millimeters.
The Composition Design reason of high-strength heat-resisting aluminum-alloy of the present invention is as follows:
Mg, Si:Mg and Si are the main strengthening elements of aluminium alloy conductor, and existing solution strengthening effect, can form Mg again
2si strengthening phase, the content of Mg, Si is higher, Mg
2the quantity of Si is more, and heat treatment reinforcement effect is more obvious, and the tensile strength of aluminium alloy conductor is also higher, but resistance to deformation also increases thereupon.Under ensureing that aluminium alloy conductor has enough tensile strength and good plasticity condition, therefore the content of Mg controls to select 0.4 ~ 0.8% at the content of 0.6 ~ 1.2%, Si.
W:W has that fusing point is high, the characteristic of stable chemical nature, W is evenly joined in aluminium alloy conductor, utilizes the high-temperature stability of W, can dispersion-strengthened action be played, the stream reducing temperature grain become and and matrix in dislocation motion, improve the resistance toheat of aluminium alloy conductor.Because the density of W is comparatively large, the W that must add better quality degree just can play enhancement.But W too high levels also can reduce the moulding of aluminium alloy conductor.Under ensureing that aluminium alloy conductor has enough resistance toheats and plasticity requirements, therefore the content selection of W is more suitable 3.0 ~ 7.0%.
Aluminum alloy melt is first atomized into powder by the present invention, is then mixed with Al alloy powder by tiny tungsten powder, and tiny tungsten powder is first evenly distributed in Al alloy powder, and then hot-pressed and be drawn into high-strength heat-resisting aluminum-alloy wire by gross distortion.First the present invention solves the technical barrier being difficult to evenly add tungsten in aluminium alloy, makes tungsten with the dispersion-strengthened phase formal distribution of fine uniform in aluminium alloy conductor, plays dispersion-strengthened action to aluminium alloy conductor, strengthens the resistance toheat of aluminium alloy conductor.Secondly, because powder by atomization is a kind of fast solidification technology, aluminum alloy melt is first atomized into tiny microlayer model under the jetting action of high pressure nitrogen, and speed of cooling can up to 10 in flight course for microlayer model
3~ 10
5k/s, cooling can suppress component segregation and the second-phase Mg of alloying element Mg, Si in microlayer model fast
2si grows up, when microlayer model cooled and solidified becomes powder, and hot extrusion and after being drawn into aluminium alloy conductor again after mixing with tungsten powder, the aluminium alloy conductor of the tiny and uniform composition of crystal grain can be obtained, and crystal grain is tiny and uniform composition is all conducive to the intensity improving aluminium alloy conductor.
High-strength heat-resisting aluminum-alloy wire of the present invention has excellent room temperature tensile mechanical property, wire performance and resistance toheat, room temperature tensile intensity > 320MPa, elongation > 9%, electric conductivity > 56%IACS, 250 DEG C are incubated the tensile strength > 290MPa stepped back for 1 hour, tensile strength survival rate > 91%.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the optical microstructure figure that the high strength heat resistant alloy wire of embodiment 1 amplifies 500 times.
Embodiment
Composition and the mass percent of the high-strength heat-resisting aluminum-alloy wire of embodiment 1 ~ 4 list in table 1.
The composition of table 1 aluminium alloy conductor of the present invention and mass percent (%)
| Embodiment | Mg | Si | W | Al |
| 1 | 1.0 | 0.6 | 5.0 | Surplus |
| 2 | 0.6 | 0.4 | 3.0 | Surplus |
| 3 | 1.2 | 0.8 | 7.0 | Surplus |
| 4 | 0.8 | 0.6 | 5.0 | Surplus |
Embodiment 5
The preparation method of aluminium alloy conductor is as follows:
The first step: heat fused aluminium ingot in medium-frequency induction furnace is also warming up to 750 ~ 760 DEG C, adds pure magnesium and pure silicon by composition proportion, after stirring fusing, carries out refining with hexachloroethane, obtains aluminum alloy melt after skimming;
Second step: aluminum alloy melt is transferred in powder by atomization machine, under nitrogen protection aluminum alloy melt is atomized into powder, atomization temperature is 750 ~ 760 DEG C, and the pressure of atomization nitrogen is 5 ~ 6MPa;
3rd step: with 130 objects vibrations sifting machines, Al alloy powder is screened, obtain the Al alloy powder of particle diameter≤112 micron;
4th step: to be loaded in drum mixer by the Al alloy powder of the tungsten powder of particle diameter≤3 micron and particle diameter≤112 micron by composition proportion and mix, the rotating speed of drum mixer is 150 revs/min, and mixing time is 4 hours;
5th step: the powder mix of above-mentioned tungsten powder and Al alloy powder is loaded in the rubber tube of internal diameter 100 millimeters, wall thickness 10 millimeters, put into cold isostatic press isostatic cool pressing after tying up sealing and become precast billet, isostatic cool pressing pressure is 200 ~ 210MPa, and the dwell time is 15 minutes;
6th step: by vacuumize degassing in the pure aluminum tube of above-mentioned precast billet loading internal diameter 100 millimeters, wall thickness 5 millimeters, vacuum tightness is 10
-3pa, degassing time is 10 ~ 15 minutes, is then sealed by aluminum pipe;
7th step: the aluminum pipe of sealing is put into process furnace and heats, Heating temperature is 440 ~ 450 DEG C, and heat-up time is 5 hours;
8th step: take out precast billet, be hot extruded into the Aluminum alloy round bar of diameter 10 millimeters in the horizontal extruder barrel putting it into internal diameter 100 millimeters, extrusion temperature is 440 ~ 450 DEG C, and extrusion ratio is 100, and extrusion speed is 1.1 ~ 1.2 ms/min;
9th step: aluminium alloy conductor Aluminum alloy round bar being become diameter 2 millimeters through 10 passes of drawing, total deformation is 96%, and every time deflection is 9.6%;
Tenth step: by aluminium alloy conductor 530 ~ 535 DEG C of solution treatment 1 hour, 185 ~ 190 DEG C of timeliness 12 hours after shrend, obtains high-strength heat-resisting aluminum-alloy wire after furnace cooling.
Fig. 1 is the optical microstructure figure that the high strength heat resistant alloy wire of embodiment 1 amplifies 500 times, and can see from Fig. 1, tungsten is evenly distributed in high-strength heat-resisting aluminum-alloy wire.
According to National Standard of the People's Republic of China GB/T 228.1-2010, under 25 DEG C of room temperature environments, carry out tension test, the results are shown in table 2.According to National Standard of the People's Republic of China GB/T 12966-2008, testing conductive rate, the results are shown in table 2.Aluminium alloy conductor, through 250 DEG C of insulations annealing in 1 hour, after being cooled to room temperature, carries out 25 DEG C of tensile test at room temperature, detects tensile strength and the survival rate thereof of aluminium alloy conductor, the results are shown in table 3.
The room temperature tensile mechanical property of table 2 aluminium alloy conductor of the present invention and electric conductivity
| Tensile strength/MPa | Elongation/% | Electric conductivity/%IACS | |
| Embodiment 1 | 327.6 | 10.4 | 56.7 |
| Embodiment 2 | 320.1 | 12.6 | 56.6 |
| Embodiment 3 | 329.5 | 9.2 | 56.1 |
| Embodiment 4 | 321.8 | 10.2 | 56.2 |
Tensile strength after table 3 aluminium alloy conductor of the present invention is incubated annealing in 1 hour at 250 DEG C and survival rate thereof
| Before stepping back/MPa | After annealing/MPa | Survival rate/% | |
| Embodiment 1 | 327.6 | 302.4 | 92.3 |
| Embodiment 2 | 320.1 | 291.6 | 91.1 |
| Embodiment 3 | 329.5 | 300.5 | 91.2 |
| Embodiment 4 | 321.8 | 295.4 | 91.8 |
Can see from table 2, the room temperature tensile intensity > 320MPa of high-strength heat-resisting aluminum-alloy wire of the present invention, elongation > 9%, electric conductivity > 56%IACS, room temperature tensile intensity, elongation and electric conductivity improve more than 23%, 12.5% and 1.8% respectively than prior art.Can see from table 3, the tensile strength > 290MPa of high-strength heat-resisting aluminum-alloy wire of the present invention after 250 DEG C of insulations annealing in 1 hour, tensile strength survival rate > 91%, tensile strength and survival rate thereof are all higher than the aluminium alloy conductor that prior art is produced.
Claims (3)
1. a high-strength heat-resisting aluminum-alloy wire, it is characterized in that being made up of following composition and mass percent: the Mg of 0.6 ~ 1.2%, the Si of 0.4 ~ 0.8%, the W of 3.0 ~ 7.0%, surplus is Al.
2. high-strength heat-resisting aluminum-alloy wire according to claim 1, it is characterized in that being made up of following composition and mass percent: the Mg of 1.0%, the Si of 0.6%, the W of 5.0%, surplus is Al.
3. the preparation method of high-strength heat-resisting aluminum-alloy wire according to claim 1, is characterized in that being made up of following steps:
The first step: heat fused aluminium ingot is also warming up to 750 ~ 760 DEG C, adds pure magnesium and pure silicon by composition proportion, stirs the rear refining of fusing and skims, obtaining aluminum alloy melt;
Second step: under nitrogen protection aluminum alloy melt is atomized into powder, atomization temperature is 750 ~ 760 DEG C, and the pressure of atomization nitrogen is 5 ~ 6MPa;
3rd step: screen Al alloy powder, obtains the Al alloy powder of particle diameter≤112 micron;
4th step: the Al alloy powder of the tungsten powder of particle diameter≤3 micron and particle diameter≤112 micron is mixed;
5th step: above-mentioned powder mix isostatic cool pressing is become precast billet, isostatic cool pressing pressure is 200 ~ 210MPa, and the dwell time is 15 minutes;
6th step: above-mentioned precast billet is loaded vacuumize degassing in metal tube, and vacuum tightness is 10
-3pa, degassing time is 10 ~ 15 minutes, is then sealed by metal tube;
7th step: heat the metal tube of sealing, Heating temperature is 440 ~ 450 DEG C, and heat-up time is 5 hours;
8th step: take out the Aluminum alloy round bar that precast billet is hot extruded into diameter 10 millimeters, extrusion temperature is 440 ~ 450 DEG C, and extrusion ratio is 100, and extrusion speed is 1.1 ~ 1.2 ms/min;
9th step: aluminium alloy conductor Aluminum alloy round bar being drawn into diameter 1 ~ 3 millimeter, total deformation is 91 ~ 99%, and every time deflection is 8 ~ 15%;
Tenth step: by aluminium alloy conductor 530 ~ 535 DEG C of solution treatment 1 hour, 185 ~ 190 DEG C of timeliness 12 hours after shrend, obtains high-strength heat-resisting aluminum-alloy wire after furnace cooling.
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105603229A (en) * | 2016-02-04 | 2016-05-25 | 青岛中科应化技术研究院 | Preparation method of corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy |
| CN106222502A (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2016-12-14 | 中国航空工业集团公司北京航空材料研究院 | The ultrahigh-strength aluminum alloy of a kind of high scandium content and manufacture method thereof |
| CN107365919A (en) * | 2017-06-20 | 2017-11-21 | 山西平阳重工机械有限责任公司 | Strengthen alumina-base material preparation method |
| CN109234553A (en) * | 2018-09-25 | 2019-01-18 | 全球能源互联网研究院有限公司 | A kind of Al-Zr-Sc-B heat-resisting alloy monofilament and preparation method thereof |
| CN109280786A (en) * | 2018-11-22 | 2019-01-29 | 河北四通新型金属材料股份有限公司 | A kind of aluminium tungsten intermediate alloy and its production method |
| CN109332706A (en) * | 2018-12-03 | 2019-02-15 | 昆明理工大学 | A kind of preparation method of high conductivity high-strength heat-resisting aluminum-alloy conducting wire |
| CN113862532A (en) * | 2021-09-06 | 2021-12-31 | 国网青海省电力公司 | Aluminum alloy for pipe bus fitting and preparation method of pipe bus fitting |
| CN115874090A (en) * | 2022-09-09 | 2023-03-31 | 江苏亚太轻合金科技股份有限公司 | High-strength high-toughness fine-grain aluminum alloy pipe and preparation method thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105603229A (en) * | 2016-02-04 | 2016-05-25 | 青岛中科应化技术研究院 | Preparation method of corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy |
| CN106222502A (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2016-12-14 | 中国航空工业集团公司北京航空材料研究院 | The ultrahigh-strength aluminum alloy of a kind of high scandium content and manufacture method thereof |
| CN107365919A (en) * | 2017-06-20 | 2017-11-21 | 山西平阳重工机械有限责任公司 | Strengthen alumina-base material preparation method |
| CN107365919B (en) * | 2017-06-20 | 2019-06-28 | 山西平阳重工机械有限责任公司 | Enhance alumina-base material preparation method |
| CN109234553A (en) * | 2018-09-25 | 2019-01-18 | 全球能源互联网研究院有限公司 | A kind of Al-Zr-Sc-B heat-resisting alloy monofilament and preparation method thereof |
| CN109280786A (en) * | 2018-11-22 | 2019-01-29 | 河北四通新型金属材料股份有限公司 | A kind of aluminium tungsten intermediate alloy and its production method |
| CN109332706A (en) * | 2018-12-03 | 2019-02-15 | 昆明理工大学 | A kind of preparation method of high conductivity high-strength heat-resisting aluminum-alloy conducting wire |
| CN113862532A (en) * | 2021-09-06 | 2021-12-31 | 国网青海省电力公司 | Aluminum alloy for pipe bus fitting and preparation method of pipe bus fitting |
| CN115874090A (en) * | 2022-09-09 | 2023-03-31 | 江苏亚太轻合金科技股份有限公司 | High-strength high-toughness fine-grain aluminum alloy pipe and preparation method thereof |
| CN115874090B (en) * | 2022-09-09 | 2024-04-19 | 江苏亚太轻合金科技股份有限公司 | High-strength high-toughness fine grain aluminum alloy pipe and preparation method thereof |
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