CN104890616B - With the Webbing retractor for tensing driver - Google Patents

With the Webbing retractor for tensing driver Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104890616B
CN104890616B CN201510069983.9A CN201510069983A CN104890616B CN 104890616 B CN104890616 B CN 104890616B CN 201510069983 A CN201510069983 A CN 201510069983A CN 104890616 B CN104890616 B CN 104890616B
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
push
section
push body
buckle
webbing retractor
Prior art date
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Active
Application number
CN201510069983.9A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN104890616A (en
Inventor
海因里希·艾因西德尔
乌多·高曼
汉斯-于尔根·迪沃
约阿希姆·尼塞勒
约亨·本茨
约亨·朗
彼得·鲍姆加特纳
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Junsheng Safety Systems Germany Ltd
Original Assignee
Takata Petri AG
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Publication date
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Publication of CN104890616A publication Critical patent/CN104890616A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN104890616B publication Critical patent/CN104890616B/en
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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60RVEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R22/00Safety belts or body harnesses in vehicles
    • B60R22/34Belt retractors, e.g. reels
    • B60R22/46Reels with means to tension the belt in an emergency by forced winding up
    • B60R22/4628Reels with means to tension the belt in an emergency by forced winding up characterised by fluid actuators, e.g. pyrotechnic gas generators
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60RVEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R22/00Safety belts or body harnesses in vehicles
    • B60R22/34Belt retractors, e.g. reels
    • B60R22/46Reels with means to tension the belt in an emergency by forced winding up
    • B60R22/4628Reels with means to tension the belt in an emergency by forced winding up characterised by fluid actuators, e.g. pyrotechnic gas generators
    • B60R2022/4642Reels with means to tension the belt in an emergency by forced winding up characterised by fluid actuators, e.g. pyrotechnic gas generators the gas directly propelling a flexible driving means, e.g. a plurality of successive masses, in a tubular chamber
    • B60R2022/4647Reels with means to tension the belt in an emergency by forced winding up characterised by fluid actuators, e.g. pyrotechnic gas generators the gas directly propelling a flexible driving means, e.g. a plurality of successive masses, in a tubular chamber the driving means being a belt, a chain or the like

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Automotive Seat Belt Assembly (AREA)

Abstract

The Webbing retractor (10) that the present invention relates to a kind of for safety belt, the Webbing retractor, which has, tenses driver (30) and the spool of tape (20) for rolling and being unfolded safety belt, the tension driver includes gas generator (31), driving wheel (34) and the delivery pipe (32) for connecting gas generator (31) and driving wheel (34), wherein, there are at least two push bodies (300 in delivery pipe (32), 300a, 300b), these push bodies are accelerated along push direction after triggering gas generator (31), and directly or indirectly drive the driving wheel (34), to roll safety belt.Arranged according to the present invention, at least two along the push body (300,300a, 300b) that is sequentially placed of push directions be that be connected by a snap portion's shape interconnected in locking manner.The invention further relates to a kind of for assembling the method for being directed to the tension driver (30) of Webbing retractor (10) of safety belt.

Description

With the Webbing retractor for tensing driver
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Webbing retractors for safety belt.
Background technique
This Webbing retractor is for example as known in american documentation literature US 6 345 504.Previously known Webbing retractor tool There is the tension driver with multiple spherical push bodies.
Summary of the invention
The task that the present invention is based on is to illustrate a kind of Webbing retractor with improved tension driver.
According to the present invention, which is solved by Webbing retractor according to the present invention.
Accordingly, arranged according to the present invention, at least two are connected along the push body that push direction is sequentially placed by buckle Socket part shape is connected with each other in locking manner (formschl ü ssig).
The present invention is principal advantage is that before push body or push body chain are introduced into delivery pipe, first by building Vertical shape it is sealed can form push body chain when snapping connection to assemble to push body.It is formed before being introduced into delivery pipe Push body chain makes " penetrating " of each push body or is packed into become simple, because the chain section having been incorporated into promotes to subsequent chain The automatic preconditioning of section.In addition, push body chain is formed by clip together it is achieved that: the length of push body chain is special Surely it is matched with each desired strainer power or tenses each desired tension characteristic of driver, method is: specifically selecting Select a certain number of push bodies.
Particularly advantageously, bayonet includes two buckle sections, that is, forward card from the point of view of push direction Section and the buckle section from the point of view of push direction rearward are detained, forward buckle section is arranged in two push bodies being sequentially placed Edge push direction from the point of view of forward push body rear side, buckle section rearward be arranged in two be sequentially placed push body The front side of push body from the point of view of push direction rearward, and two buckle sections design as follows, that is, the two buckles Section can be moved alternately and mutual clamping lock, method are: the front side of push body rearward is along push direction towards forward The rear side for pushing body is mobile.In this design scheme, among delivery pipe and also non-clamping lock push body can then be locked Fixed, this is realized by applying the pressure of pressure or the gas by gas generator after its igniting from the outside.
In view of low friction, mobile push body chain passes through the bending region in delivery pipe and is considered as advantageously, buckling Interconnecting piece is following hinge connection portion, which can be realized push body and pivot relative to each other and improve push body chain Flexibility.Bayonet particularly preferably forms buckle ball-and-socket hinge.
It is considered as in terms of constructing bayonet advantageously, in the push body of two buckles be sequentially placed and mutual One there is receiving section, the receiving direction of the receiving section extends along push direction, and two are being sequentially placed and mutual Another in the push body of buckle has interlocking section, and the interlocking direction of the interlocking section extends along push direction, and Interlocking section snaps into receiving section in the case where formation shape sealed bayonet along push direction.
Receiving section is preferably the receiving section of spill, and rabbets the interlocking section that section is preferably convex.
It is considered as in terms of constructing receiving section advantageously, receiving section can be bent to spring, and be bent When may be implemented interlocking section introducing.
Particularly advantageously, receiving section is divided into elastically bendable receiving section by one or more gaps.Seam Gap is arranged with the receiving preferred rotation-symmetric of section.Gap and the longitudinal direction for accommodating section preferably extend along push direction.
It is considered as in view of the very high flexibility of bayonet advantageously, rabbeting section is spherical or has At least one spherical surface segment.
Interlocking section is preferably bolt shape.The bolt longitudinal direction of the interlocking section of bolt shape preferably extends along push direction.
Particularly advantageously, interlocking section is with spherical bolt end or the table for having at least one spherical in bolt end side Face section.
In order to avoid the push body chain release established by buckle is considered as (drawing on edge advantageously, rabbeting section and having Enter the direction into receiving section and look up in turn along push side) it is located at the subsequent radial retraction of spherical surface segment Portion, receiving section has side recessed area section, and side recessed area section snaps into radial docking portion.
It is considered as according to the desired tensioning characteristic for tensing driver advantageously, there are a large amount of push in delivery pipe Body, the push body are connection in the case where being formed and pushing body chain by the sealed bayonet of shape.
In view of push body chain extra high flexibility and advantageously, bayonet is hinge connection portion, this A little hinge connection portions can be realized the pivot of push body relative to each other, and pushing body chain is articulated push body chain.
Bayonet is preferably formed as buckle ball-and-socket hinge, so that pushing body chain forms push body buckle ball-and-socket hinge.
Push body is preferably the casting or die-cast part of single type.
Moreover, it relates to the method for assembling the tension driver for the Webbing retractor of safety belt, wherein In the method, at least two push bodies (from the point of view of along push direction) are successively placed in the delivery pipe for tensing driver.
Arranged according to the present invention, before being introduced or during introducing, at least two are sequentially placed along push direction Push body be connected by a snap portion's shape in the case where being formed and pushing body chain and be connected with each other in locking manner.
In terms of according to the method for the present invention the advantages of, with reference to the above-mentioned implementation for combining Webbing retractor according to the present invention Scheme, because of the advantages of being approximately corresponded to according to the method for the present invention the advantages of Webbing retractor according to the present invention.By with card The mode pre-assembled push body chain of folder or buckle push body can determine obtained tension driver in a particularly simple way Tension characteristic, method is, targetedly adjusts the length of push body chain by adding or removing push body.
It being provided that in the particularly advantageous design scheme of this method, bayonet includes two buckle sections, It is exactly longitudinal along buckle section forward from the point of view of the chain longitudinal direction of push body chain (33) and along the chain of push body chain (33) Buckle section from the point of view of direction rearward, forward buckle section are arranged in the rear side of forward push body from the point of view of push direction On, buckle section rearward is arranged on the front side of the push body from the point of view of push direction rearward, and two buckle section cards Button, mode is: the front side of push body rearward is moved to forward push along the chain longitudinal direction of push body chain (33) On the rear side of body, or the rear side of forward push body is moved to pushing away rearward along the chain longitudinal direction of push body chain (33) It send on the front side of body.
Detailed description of the invention
The present invention is illustrated below by embodiment;It is exemplarily illustrated herein:
Fig. 1 shows the embodiment of Webbing retractor according to the present invention with three-dimensional exploded view;
Fig. 2 shows the first embodiment of push body, the pushing away for Webbing retractor according to Fig. 1 can be assembled by buckling Send body chain;
Fig. 3 shows push body according to fig. 2 from rear ramp with 3-D view;
Fig. 4 shows the push body according to Fig. 3 with 3-D view obliquely from the front;
Fig. 5 is illustrated in cross-section in the bending section according to the delivery pipe of the Webbing retractor of Fig. 1 according to fig. 2 to Fig. 4's The push body chain that push body is assembled into;
Fig. 6 is shown for the second embodiment according to the push body chain of the Webbing retractor of Fig. 1;
Fig. 7 is shown for the 3rd embodiment according to the push body chain of the Webbing retractor of Fig. 1.
In the accompanying drawings, for the sake of general view, same appended drawing reference is used always for same or similar component.
Specific embodiment
Fig. 1 shows the embodiment for Webbing retractor 10 with three-dimensional exploded view, in addition, the Webbing retractor includes spool of tape 20 and tense driver 30.
In Fig. 1, from tense driver 30 in may recognize that gas generator 31, delivery pipe 32, push body chain 33 and Driving wheel 34.Push body chain 33 is made of multiple push bodies 300, these push bodies bayonet shape sealed by shape It is connected with each other in locking manner.
Driving wheel 34 can be directly connected to spool of tape 20, or be coupled alternatively by coupling with spool of tape;Needle The embodiment of coupling is shown in FIG. 1, and is indicated there with appended drawing reference 40.
If making to tense the triggering of driver 30 in the case where accident or dangerous situations and gas generator 31 being made to light a fire, The gas extrusion push body chain 33 of so gas generator 31 passes through delivery pipe 32 and passes through at driving wheel 34, to make to drive Wheel 34 drives spool of tape 20 in the rotary motion as follows, that is, the spool of tape will based on the purpose of general view and not Safety belt shown in FIG. 1 is rolled.
In order to pass through with driving force as small as possible or driving energy extruding push body chain 33 and be equipped with bending section 32a's Delivery pipe 32, the sealed bayonet of the shape of push body 300 are preferably formed as buckle ball-and-socket hinge, particularly preferably form letter The curved buckle ball-and-socket hinge of push body chain 33 is changed.
Fig. 2 shows the embodiment for push body 300, these push bodies can be used to form push body chain, such as according to Fig. 1 Push body chain 33.It is shown in Fig. 2 before mutually being buckled in the case where completed push body chain 33 of its formation according to Fig. 1 Push body 300.
It may recognize that, push body 300 according to fig. 2 on one side thereof, such as on its front side 301 is respectively provided with bolt shape Interlocking section 310, the interlocking section have front spherical surface section 311 and radial docking portion 312, or pass through this It is partially formed a bit.The interlocking section 310 of bolt shape on the front side 301 of push body 300 is scarfed to adjacent push body respectively In Fig. 2 in unshowned receiving section.
Pass through the matching forming of the receiving section attached respectively in surface segment 311 and adjacent push body It is spherical or at least approximate spherical, the bayonet between push body 300 forms buckle ball-and-socket hinge, these buckle balls Nest hinge ensures that push body 300 pivots relative to each other, and is ensured in turn to push the push body chain 33 of the formation of body 300 Very high flexibility flexibility in other words.
Fig. 3 is illustrated in detail the rear side 302 of push body 300 according to fig. 2.It can identify receiving section 320, the receiving By energy spring the curved receiving section 321 in spring element form is formed section.It accommodates section 321 and passes through gap It is separated from each other.The arrangement in gap and the arrangement for accommodating section 321 are preferably rotation-symmetric.
Fig. 4 shows the front side 301 of push body 300 according to fig. 2 with 3-D view from oblique side.It can identify the embedding of bolt shape Section 310 is connect, which is formed by the spherical surface section 311 and radial docking portion 312 of front.
In order to connect two push bodies 300 to Fig. 4 according to fig. 2, the embedment joint area of the bolt shape on the front side 301 of push body Section 310 is inserted respectively into adjacent (according to arrangement in delivery pipe 32 of direction of visual lines or push body chain 33 along push direction cloth Set in front or subsequent) push body 300 rear side 302 on receiving section 320 in.Ball in the front of interlocking section 300 When shape surface segment 311 is inserted into, the receiving section 321 of the receiving section 320 of adjacent push body is flexibly curved apart from each other Song, so that spherical surface section 311 can be introduced into the inside of receiving section 320.
The locking of interlocking section 310 or buckle, the receiving section 321 of receiving section 320 are equipped in order to realize Side recessed area section, these side recessed areas section is buckled into or is locked into radial docking portion 312 when rabbeting section 310 and being introduced into, thus preceding 311 shape of spherical surface section in portion is maintained in locking manner among the receiving section 320 of adjacent push body.
Fig. 5 shows after push body 300 is connected with each other by buckle to be formed to the push body 300 of Fig. 4 according to fig. 2 Push body chain 33.The receiving section 320 of the spherical shape (referring to fig. 2 and Fig. 4) and spill of surface segment 311 based on front it is corresponding Spherical shape, the bayonet between adjacent push body 300 forms buckle ball-and-socket hinge respectively, these buckle ball-and-socket hinge energy Enough bendings for realizing push body chain 33 in a particularly simple way.Therefore, it can be identified in Fig. 5, push body chain 33 It can be bent without difficulty in the bending region of delivery pipe 32, so as to push body chain with the consumption of the power of very little to move 33 pass through entire delivery pipe 32.
Fig. 6 shows another embodiment of the push body chain 33 according to the Webbing retractor of Fig. 1.In the push body chain according to Fig. 6 In 33, push body 300 (although due to not being clearly visible from side) bayonet equally sealed by shape It is connected with each other.The sealed bayonet of shape for example can be as constructing in conjunction with as illustratively being illustrated Fig. 2 to Fig. 4.
Other than pushing body 300, sealing element 340, the preferred cloth of the sealing element are had according to the push body chain 33 of Fig. 6 Set push body chain 33 be associated with or link ends towards gas generator 31 (referring to Fig. 1) on.Sealing element 340 is used for Delivery pipe is sealed in link ends, so that the gas generated by gas generator 31 cannot be by sealing element 340 and push body Chain 33, and the air pressure generated by gas generator 31 must drive push body chain 33 along the direction of driving wheel 34.
Fig. 7 shows another embodiment of push body chain 33, which can make in the Webbing retractor 10 according to Fig. 1 With.In Fig. 7, three push bodies of push body chain 33 are indicated with appended drawing reference 300,300a and 300b.
Interlocking of the connection based on the convex by the way that body 300 will be pushed between push body 300 and adjacent push body 300a Section 310 snaps into snapping connection in the receiving section 320 of the correspondingly configured spill of push body 300a.Based on the embedding of convex Connect the spherical of the surface segment 311 of the front of section 310 or at least approximate spherical and based on the spill for pushing body 300a The spherical or at least approximate spherical shape of receiving section 320 buckles ball-and-socket hinge to be formed, which, which can be realized, pushes away The pivot of body 300 and 300a relative to each other is sent, and realizes the bending of push body chain 33 in turn.
In order to avoid push body 300 convex interlocking section 310 from push body 300 spill receiving section 320 in Skid off, the receiving section 320 of spill in end side equipped with side recessed area section 322, as long as interlocking section 310 is incorporated in full into receiving area In section 320, then side recessed area section snaps into the radial docking portion 312 of interlocking section 310 of convex.
Body 300b is pushed to buckle with push body 300 in the corresponding way.Therefore, push body 300b also has the interlocking of convex Section 310, the interlocking section snap into the receiving section 320 of the spill of push body 300.Therefore in push body 300 and 300b Between snap connection aspect can with reference to push body 300a and 300 between the embodiment above snapped connection.
Although the present invention is illustrated and described by preferred embodiment in detail, the invention is not limited to public affairs The example opened, and thus other variant schemes can be derived by those skilled in the art, without departing from guarantor of the invention Protect range.
Reference signs list
10 Webbing retractors
20 spool of tape
30 tense driver
31 gas generators
32 delivery pipes
The bending section 32a
33 push body chains
34 driving wheels
40 couplings
300 push bodies
300a pushes body
300b pushes body
301 front sides
302 rear sides
310 interlocking sections
311 surface segments
312 docking portion
320 receiving sections
321 accommodate section
322 sides recessed area section
340 sealing elements

Claims (12)

1. a kind of Webbing retractor (10) for safety belt, the Webbing retractor have tense driver (30) and for rolling and The spool of tape (20) of safety belt is unfolded, the tension driver includes:
Gas generator (31),
Driving wheel (34) and
Delivery pipe (32), the delivery pipe connect the gas generator (31) and the driving wheel (34),
Wherein, there are at least two push body (300,300a, 300b) in the delivery pipe (32), the push body is in institute Edge push direction is accelerated after stating gas generator (31) triggering, and directly or indirectly drives the driving wheel (34), uses To roll safety belt,
It is characterized in that,
At least two along the push body (300,300a, 300b) that is sequentially placed of push direction be that be connected by a snap portion's shape sealed Ground is interconnected.
2. Webbing retractor (10) according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that,
The bayonet includes two buckle sections, that is, forward buckle section from the point of view of push direction and edge push away Buckle section rearward from the point of view of direction is sent,
The forward buckle section is arranged in the push body forward from the point of view of push direction for the push body that two are sequentially placed Rear side on,
The buckle section rearward is arranged in the push body from the point of view of the edge push direction for the push body that two are sequentially placed rearward Front side on, and
- two buckle sections construct as follows, the two buckle sections can be moved alternately and reciprocally in the following way Clamping lock, that is, the front side of push body rearward is along push direction towards moving on rear side of forward push body.
3. Webbing retractor (10) according to claim 1 or 2,
It is characterized in that,
The bayonet is hinge connection portion, the bayonet can be realized the push body (300,300a, 300b) pivot relative to each other.
4. Webbing retractor (10) according to claim 1 or 2,
It is characterized in that,
One in the push body (300,300a, 300b) of-two buckles be sequentially placed and mutual has receiving section (320), the receiving direction of the receiving section extends along push direction,
Another in the push body (300,300a, 300b) of-two buckles be sequentially placed and mutual has interlocking section (310), the interlocking direction of the interlocking section extends along push direction, and
Interlocking section (310) snaps into institute along push direction in the case where formation shape sealed bayonet It states in receiving section (320).
5. Webbing retractor (10) according to claim 4,
It is characterized in that,
The receiving section (320) can be bent to spring, and interlocking section (310) can be realized in bending It introduces.
6. Webbing retractor (10) according to claim 4,
It is characterized in that,
The receiving section (320) is divided into the receiving section (321) of energy elastic bending, the appearance by one or more gaps Receive section longitudinal direction along push direction extend.
7. Webbing retractor (10) according to claim 4,
It is characterized in that,
The interlocking section (310) is bolt shape, and has at least one ball with spherical bolt end or in bolt end side The surface segment (311) of shape, and
The bolt longitudinal direction of the interlocking section (310) of bolt shape extends along push direction.
8. Webbing retractor (10) according to claim 7, which is characterized in that
Interlocking section (310) has along the direction being introduced into the receiving section (320) and in turn along push direction On see positioned at the spherical subsequent radial docking portion (312) of surface segment (311),
The receiving section (320) has side recessed area section (322), and
The side recessed area section (322) snaps into radial docking portion (312).
9. Webbing retractor (10) according to claim 1 or 2,
It is characterized in that,
There are a large amount of push body (300,300a, 300b) in the delivery pipe (32), the push body is sealed by shape Bayonet is connection in the case where being formed and pushing body chain (33).
10. according to Webbing retractor described in the claims 3 (10),
It is characterized in that,
The bayonet forms buckle ball-and-socket hinge, the buckle ball-and-socket hinge can be realized the push body (300, 300a, 300b) pivot relative to each other.
11. a kind of for assembling the method for being directed to the tension driver (30) of Webbing retractor (10) of safety belt, wherein described In method, at least two push body (300,300a, 300b) (from the point of view of along push direction) are successively placed to the tension driving In the delivery pipe (32) of device (30),
It is characterized in that,
Before being introduced or during introducing, at least two exist along the push body (300,300a, 300b) that push directions are sequentially placed Portion's shape is connected by a snap in the case where forming push body chain (33) to be connected with each other in locking manner.
12. according to the method for claim 11,
It is characterized in that,
The bayonet includes two buckle sections, that is, is come along the chain longitudinal direction of push body chain (33) See forward buckle section and along the buckle section from the point of view of the chain longitudinal direction of push body chain (33) rearward,
The forward buckle section is arranged on the rear side of forward push body from the point of view of push direction,
The buckle section rearward is arranged on the front side of the push body from the point of view of push direction rearward, and
- two buckle sections buckle as follows, that is,
The front side of push body rearward is moved to forward push body along the chain longitudinal direction of push body chain (33) On rear side, or
The rear side of forward push body is moved to push body rearward along the chain longitudinal direction of push body chain (33) On front side.
CN201510069983.9A 2014-03-03 2015-02-10 With the Webbing retractor for tensing driver Active CN104890616B (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102014203853.7A DE102014203853B4 (en) 2014-03-03 2014-03-03 Belt retractor with tensioner drive
DE102014203853.7 2014-03-03

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN104890616A CN104890616A (en) 2015-09-09
CN104890616B true CN104890616B (en) 2019-04-16

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Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102015000203B4 (en) * 2015-01-15 2020-10-08 Zf Automotive Germany Gmbh Belt tensioner for a seat belt system
DE102016118461A1 (en) 2016-09-29 2018-03-29 Trw Automotive Gmbh pretensioners
DE102019133141A1 (en) * 2019-12-05 2021-06-10 Zf Automotive Germany Gmbh Tensioner tube for a belt tensioner

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6345504B1 (en) * 1999-08-25 2002-02-12 Takata Corporation Pretensioner with gas escape mechanism
EP2181021B1 (en) * 2007-08-23 2011-11-02 Adomeit, Heinz-Dieter Drive device to generate a belt-tightening movement in a safety belt apparatus
CN103052542A (en) * 2010-08-03 2013-04-17 高田股份公司 Belt retractor with a tightener drive

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GB2359284B (en) 1997-04-18 2001-09-26 Breed Automotive Technologies Chain pretensioner
DE69831178T2 (en) * 1998-11-04 2006-06-01 NHK Spring Co., Ltd., Yokohama SAFETY PRETENSIONER
JP2000225920A (en) * 1999-02-02 2000-08-15 Takata Corp Pretensioner

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6345504B1 (en) * 1999-08-25 2002-02-12 Takata Corporation Pretensioner with gas escape mechanism
EP2181021B1 (en) * 2007-08-23 2011-11-02 Adomeit, Heinz-Dieter Drive device to generate a belt-tightening movement in a safety belt apparatus
CN103052542A (en) * 2010-08-03 2013-04-17 高田股份公司 Belt retractor with a tightener drive

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CN104890616A (en) 2015-09-09
DE102014203853A1 (en) 2014-06-18

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