CN104889466A - Integral full-ceramic super dense-tooth three-edge milling cutter and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
Integral full-ceramic super dense-tooth three-edge milling cutter and manufacturing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN104889466A CN104889466A CN201510319255.9A CN201510319255A CN104889466A CN 104889466 A CN104889466 A CN 104889466A CN 201510319255 A CN201510319255 A CN 201510319255A CN 104889466 A CN104889466 A CN 104889466A
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- milling cutter
- side cutter
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23C—MILLING
- B23C5/00—Milling-cutters
- B23C5/02—Milling-cutters characterised by the shape of the cutter
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C29/00—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides
- C22C29/02—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides
- C22C29/04—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides based on carbonitrides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23C—MILLING
- B23C2210/00—Details of milling cutters
- B23C2210/04—Angles
- B23C2210/0407—Cutting angles
- B23C2210/0414—Cutting angles different
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses an integral full-ceramic super dense-tooth three-edge milling cutter and a manufacturing method thereof. The integral full-ceramic super dense-tooth three-edge milling cutter comprises a three-edge milling cutter body; the three-edge milling cutter body is connected with a cutter handle through a keyway hole in the center of the three-edge milling cutter body, and comprises a main cutting edge and two side cutting edges; the front angle of the main cutting edge is (-10)-0 degree; the rear angle of the main cutting edge is 5-15 degrees; the rear angles of the two side cutting edges are 2-5 degrees respectively; the three-edge milling cutter body has 10-20 teeth, has a diameter of 50-200 mm, and is made of titanium carbonitride based metal ceramic. Through the adoption of the integral full-ceramic super dense-tooth three-edge milling cutter, high-speed and super high-speed machining can be realized, the material removing rate is improved, and the machining cost is reduced; when the total radial cutting depth remains unchanged, the radial cutting depth of a single cutting edge, the cutting force and the cutter abrasion can be reduced; the service life of the integral full-ceramic super dense-tooth three-edge milling cutter is effectively prolonged, the cutter replacement times are reduced, and the machining efficiency is improved. Compared with an indexable milling cutter, the integral full-ceramic super dense-tooth three-edge milling cutter has the advantages of being high in rigidity, positioning precision, and repeated sharpening property; moreover, the machining quality can be improved, and the machining cost is reduced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of cutter and manufacture method thereof, the complete ceramic ultra dense tooth face and side cutter of especially a kind of monoblock type and manufacture method thereof.
Background technology
At present, face and side cutter is the standard cutter of lathe, and except the main cutting edge being distributed in its circumferential surface, the two end faces near cylindrical has front cutting edge, thus improves machining condition, can improve working (machining) efficiency and crudy.Face and side cutter is generally used for processing groove, step surface or side, not only easy to use and flexible, and when changing the relative position of cutter clamping mode or cutter and workpiece, can expand its scope of application.Such as can use face and side cutter milling pointed tooth, V-shaped groove, reamer tooth, ratchet, tooth bar and spline etc.Therefore, give full play to the strong point of face and side cutter, expand its scope of application, can accomplish that a cutter is multiplex, to solve in engineering practice the special construction processing problems that for want of some milling cutter causes.
Cutting performance is one of decisive factor affecting machining efficiency, precision and surface quality etc., and determines that the principal element of cutting performance comprises cutter structure and cutter material two aspect.At present, in difficult-to-machine material (as high temperature alloy, hardened steel etc.) groove milling in Aero-Space, mould, automobile and other industries or step surface milling, main employing high-speed steel, carbide alloy or coating class face and side cutter, comprise monoblock type or indexable formula structure.By the restriction of the performance such as cutter material itself is mechanical, hot, working (machining) efficiency be improved and crudy, prolongation cutter life etc. all face the challenge.For current existing face and side cutter, its application limitation part can be summarized as: one, monoblock type face and side cutter mostly is monoblock type high-speed steel material, high-speed steel or cast iron matrix and the structure such as carbide cutting sword welds, such cutter material only can the lower free machining material of workhardness, comprise plastics, nylon, cast iron, mild steel, copper, Aluminum-aluminum alloy etc., and the cutting speed of its application is relatively low; Two, indexable formula face and side cutter mostly is the composite construction of cast iron tool matrix and carbide chip or coated chip, because the cutter tooth of face and side cutter is more, this class formation is difficult to ensure that the uniformity of location dimension installed by all blades, and the connection of blade and matrix makes the rigidity of cutter entirety poor, reduces machined surface quality; In addition indexable insert tip, throw away tip is only suitable for the occasion that the face and side cutter number of teeth is less, diameter is larger.Along with the development of high speed machining and continuing to bring out of difficult-to-machine material, seek the integration objective that better cutter material and cutter structure can realize high working (machining) efficiency, high crudy, long cutter life.
Chinese patent CN 102303159A discloses a kind of integrated full ceramic spiral end milling cutter, be divided into anterior cutter head and rear portion handle of a knife two parts, tool bit part is provided with 4-6 spiral cutting sword, cutting edge helical angle is 30 °-45 °, radial rake is-5 °, handle of a knife is staight shank, and whole cutter hub material adopts the toughness reinforcing Al of silicon carbide whisker
2o
3pottery or the toughness reinforcing SiAlON pottery of silicon carbide whisker.But the technical scheme of this patent cannot be applicable to face and side cutter.On the one hand, face and side cutter is different from the cutting-tool angle involved by monoblock type slotting cutter, moreover, the ceramic material performance adopted in the patent of disclosed integrated full ceramic spiral end milling cutter before still can not meet the requirement of face and side cutter, because the material removal amount of monoblock type face and side cutter is larger, impact stronger.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is the deficiency existed in cutter life and working (machining) efficiency etc. for overcoming above-mentioned existing face and side cutter, the complete ceramic ultra dense tooth face and side cutter of a kind of monoblock type and manufacture method thereof are provided, this cutter adopts the manufacture of base titanium carbonitride material, there is the advantages such as high linear speed, long cutter life, high working (machining) efficiency, be suitable for the high-speed and high-efficiency processing of the difficult-to-machine material such as high temperature alloy, hardened steel.
For achieving the above object, the present invention adopts following technical proposals:
The complete ceramic ultra dense tooth face and side cutter of a kind of monoblock type, comprise face and side cutter cutter hub, face and side cutter cutter hub is connected with handle of a knife by the dowel hole at its center, the main cutting edge anterior angle of described face and side cutter cutter hub is-10 °-0 °, main cutting edge relief angle is 5 °-15 °, both sides cutting edge relief angle is 2 °-5 °, and the number of teeth of face and side cutter cutter hub is 10-20, and face and side cutter external diameter is 50-200mm; Described face and side cutter cutter hub material adopts base titanium carbonitride.
A manufacture method for the complete ceramic ultra dense tooth face and side cutter of monoblock type, comprises the following steps:
(1) titanium carbide nitride based metal ceramic cutter blank is prepared;
(2) chip pocket of main cutting edge rake face and rear knife face grinding are carried out to titanium carbide nitride based metal ceramic cutter blank, adopt disk wheel grinding;
(3) knife face grinding after two side edges is carried out to titanium carbide nitride based metal ceramic cutter blank, adopt bowl-type wheel grinding;
(4) titanium carbide nitride based metal ceramic cutter is carried out to the manufacture of dowel hole, after utilizing the prefabricated aperture of electric-spark drilling technology, obtained the dowel hole of face and side cutter by the processing of Linear cut slow wire feeding.
Described step (1) prepares the TiC of raw material by mean particle diameter 0.5 μm of titanium carbide nitride based metal ceramic cutter
0.7n
0.3the Mo of powder, the WC powder of mean particle diameter 0.5 μm, mean particle diameter 0.1 μm
2c powder, mean particle diameter are respectively Ni powder, the Co powder constituent of 0.05 μm and 0.03 μm; The quality proportioning of each material composition is: TiC
0.7n
0.3~ 72%, WC ~ 10%, Mo
2c ~ 10%, Ni ~ 3.2%, Co ~ 4.8%.
The concrete steps that described step (1) prepares titanium carbide nitride based metal ceramic cutter are:
(1-1) load in ball mill by the raw material proportionally configured, use absolute ethyl alcohol as ball-milling medium, with alumina balls ball milling 48h, ball material weight ratio is 12:1;
(1-2) compound that ball milling is good is put into vacuum drying chamber, after dry at temperature is 120 DEG C, adopt 200 mesh sieve screening powders.
(1-3) with cover for the powder screened loading upper end, lower end closed, centre are uniformly distributed in porose graphite reaction vessel with to be sintered.
(1-4) graphite reaction vessel that powder is housed is put into high temperature sintering furnace to sinter under 32MPa pressure, when temperature heats with the programming rate of 95 DEG C/min lower than when 950 DEG C, continue to be heated to 1650 DEG C with the programming rate of 50 DEG C/min after reaching 950 DEG C, at such a temperature sinter molding after lasting insulation 60min.
Described disk wheel and bowl-type emery wheel all adopt resinoid bond diamond emery wheel.
The concentration of described resinoid bond diamond emery wheel is 80%, and granularity is 200 orders.
Described disk wheel and bowl-type wheel grinding speed are respectively 50m/s and 40m/s.
Sintex has very high hardness, wearability and good mechanical behavior under high temperature, and chemical stability is good, little with the affinity of metal, not easily produces with metal and bonds.Therefore, sintex can process the superhard material that conventional tool is difficult to process or can not process at all.The optimum cutting speed of sintex is than hard alloy cutter height 3-10 times, and cutter life is long, can reduce number of changing knife, greatly improves machining efficiency.
The complete ceramic ultra dense tooth face and side cutter of monoblock type of the present invention has the feature of the number of teeth close (more than 10-20), diameter large (50-200mm), can realize high speed, High Speed machining, increase material removing rate, cut down finished cost.The radial cutting degree of depth of single cutting edge can be reduced when total radial cutting degree of depth is constant, reduce cutting force, reduce tool wear.Therefore effectively can extend cutter life, reduce number of changing knife, improve working (machining) efficiency.And monolithic construction is compared indexable structure and is had the advantages such as good rigidly, positioning precision is high, refacing property is good, can improve crudy, cut down finished cost.
The complete ceramic ultra dense tooth face and side cutter of monoblock type of the present invention, is fixedly connected with handle of a knife by dowel hole.Main cutting edge anterior angle is-10 °-0 °, relief angle is 5 °-15 °, both sides edge clearance angle is 2 °-5 °, above-mentioned technical characteristic can ensure that cutting edge has enough rigidity, because traditional high-speed steel or carbide side cutter tool orthogonal rake and side edge relief angle are at about 10 °, excessive cutting-tool angle easily causes that cutting edge is micro-to be collapsed.
The present invention adopts the full ceramic material of monoblock type, has excellent high temperature resistant, wearability and chemical stability, and at high temperature can keep enough intensity and hardness.Because the thermal conductivity factor of ceramic material is low, the heat in metal cutting major part produced during high-speed cutting is taken away by chip, and chip easily shortcakeization brittle failure, is conducive to chip breaking and recycling.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of face and side cutter of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the chip pocket grinding process schematic diagram of face and side cutter of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is knife face grinding process schematic diagram after two side edges of face and side cutter of the present invention;
In figure, 1. face and side cutter, 2. saucer wheel, 3. bowl-type emery wheel.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is further described.
As shown in Figure 1, the complete ceramic ultra dense tooth face and side cutter of monoblock type, cutter is fixedly connected with handle of a knife by dowel hole.For improving cutter rigidity to ensure the Stability and dependability of cutter in working angles, main cutting edge anterior angle is designed to-10 °-0 °, and relief angle is 5 °-15 °, and both sides edge clearance angle is 2 °-5 °.Cutter entirety adopts base titanium carbonitride, effectively can improve the fracture toughness of Tool in Cutting sword, prevents in working angles because thermal shock forms micro-crack or tipping.
For overcoming the hard fragility shortcoming of general ceramic material, cutter entirety adopts base titanium carbonitride material, as in the table below, this cutter material effectively can improve the fracture toughness of cutting edge to its performance parameter, prevents in working angles because thermal shock forms micro-crack or tipping.
The complete ceramic ultra dense tooth face and side cutter of monoblock type of base titanium carbonitride is adopted to be applicable to the various cast iron of High-speed machining (casting pig, spheroidal graphite cast-iron, malleable cast iron, chilled cast iron etc.), various steel material (carbon structural steels, steel alloy, high strength steel, hardened steel etc.), high temperature alloy (Ni-based, iron-based etc.), copper alloy, graphite, engineering plastics and composite etc.This milling cutter has the advantages such as high linear speed, long cutter life, high working (machining) efficiency, is suitable for the high-speed and high-efficiency processing of the difficult-to-machine material such as high temperature alloy, hardened steel.
As shown in Figures 2 and 3, knife face grinding schematic diagram after the chip pocket of face and side cutter and side edge is given.In the manufacture process of the complete ceramic ultra dense tooth face and side cutter of monoblock type, after chip pocket (comprising rake face) and side edge, knife face grinding is two most important steps, and the quality of this position to face and side cutter has decisive influence.According to the design feature of face and side cutter, utilize saucer wheel grinding chip pocket, utilize knife face after bowl-type wheel grinding side edge.Due to hard fragility and the poor thermal conductivity of ceramic material, easily produce micro-crack and small tipping when grinding, therefore need to adopt meticulous sharpening, application elastic deformation is little, polishing performance good, sharp resinoid bond diamond emery wheel.Prove through overtesting, employing concentration is 80%, the skive of granularity 200 order, middle soft durometer is advisable.
In the dowel hole manufacture process of the complete ceramic ultra dense tooth face and side cutter of monoblock type, after utilizing the prefabricated aperture of electric-spark drilling technology, obtained the dowel hole of face and side cutter by the processing of Linear cut slow wire feeding.
Compared with the manufacture method of existing face and side cutter, the center key slotted eye of traditional face and side cutter generally completes when cutter hub die cast, and the cutter blank fired in the present invention is monoblock type solid cylinder.In addition, the abrasive grinding wheel adopted in the present invention and grinding parameter are all according to base titanium carbonitride material institute optimum option.
The emery wheel model that after the grinding of rake face chip pocket and side edge, knife face grinding is used and grinding parameter are as in the table below.
Milling belongs to interrupted cut, and in milling process, cutting edge surface temperature is easier than cutter hub internal temperature cools down.Due to thermal dilation difference, easily form tension in cutting edge region and cause crackle to produce, and ceramic material is comparatively responsive to tension, if use cutting fluid in working angles, the thermograde in ceramic tools in cutting sword region can be aggravated and broken invalid occurs.Therefore, sintex should adopt dry cutting mode, can reduce cutting fluid and use, cut down finished cost, alleviate environmental pollution.
Embodiment:
In order to verify the cutting ability of the complete ceramic face and side cutter of monoblock type of the present invention, contrast test has been carried out for a kind of milling cutter of parameter, tested cutter tooth number is 12, diameter is 80mm, main cutting edge anterior angle is 0 °, relief angle is 15 °, both sides edge clearance angle is 2 °, testing program is milling groove, cutting speed during test is 100m/min, cutting depth is 0.5mm, feed engagement is 0.02mm/z, workpiece material is the H13 steel that hardens (hardness is HRC62), contrast cutter is the carbide side cutter of general same diameter and the identical number of teeth, comparative test result as in the table below, it is visible when total length of cut reaches 2000mm, the complete ceramic face and side cutter of the monoblock type invented has embodied more excellent cutting ability, its maximum cutter tool flank wear is less, machined surface quality is higher.
By reference to the accompanying drawings the specific embodiment of the present invention is described although above-mentioned; but not limiting the scope of the invention; one of ordinary skill in the art should be understood that; on the basis of technical scheme of the present invention, those skilled in the art do not need to pay various amendment or distortion that creative work can make still within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. the complete ceramic ultra dense tooth face and side cutter of monoblock type, comprise face and side cutter cutter hub, face and side cutter cutter hub is connected with handle of a knife by the dowel hole at its center, it is characterized in that, the main cutting edge anterior angle of described face and side cutter cutter hub is-10 °-0 °, and main cutting edge relief angle is 5 °-15 °, and both sides cutting edge relief angle is 2 °-5 °, the number of teeth of face and side cutter cutter hub is 10-20, and diameter is 50-200mm; Described face and side cutter cutter hub material adopts base titanium carbonitride.
2. the manufacture method of the complete ceramic ultra dense tooth face and side cutter of monoblock type as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
(1) titanium carbide nitride based metal ceramic cutter blank is prepared;
(2) chip pocket of main cutting edge rake face and rear knife face grinding are carried out to titanium carbide nitride based metal ceramic cutter blank, adopt disk wheel grinding;
(3) knife face grinding after two side edges is carried out to titanium carbide nitride based metal ceramic cutter blank, adopt bowl-type wheel grinding;
(4) titanium carbide nitride based metal ceramic cutter is carried out to the manufacture of dowel hole, after utilizing the prefabricated aperture of electric-spark drilling technology, obtained the dowel hole of face and side cutter by the processing of Linear cut slow wire feeding.
3. the manufacture method of the complete ceramic ultra dense tooth face and side cutter of monoblock type as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that, described step (1) prepares the TiC of raw material by mean particle diameter 0.5 μm of titanium carbide nitride based metal ceramic cutter
0.7n
0.3the Mo of powder, the WC powder of mean particle diameter 0.5 μm, mean particle diameter 0.1 μm
2c powder, mean particle diameter are respectively Ni powder, the Co powder constituent of 0.05 μm and 0.03 μm; The quality proportioning of each material composition is: TiC
0.7n
0.3~ 72%, WC ~ 10%, Mo
2c ~ 10%, Ni ~ 3.2%, Co ~ 4.8%.
4. the manufacture method of the complete ceramic ultra dense tooth face and side cutter of monoblock type as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that, the concrete steps that described step (1) prepares titanium carbide nitride based metal ceramic cutter are:
(1-1) load in ball mill by the raw material proportionally configured, use absolute ethyl alcohol as ball-milling medium, with alumina balls ball milling 48h, ball material weight ratio is 12:1;
(1-2) compound that ball milling is good is put into vacuum drying chamber, after dry at temperature is 120 DEG C, adopt 200 mesh sieve screening powders;
(1-3) with cover for the powder screened loading upper end, lower end closed, centre are uniformly distributed in porose graphite reaction vessel with to be sintered;
(1-4) graphite reaction vessel that powder is housed is put into high temperature sintering furnace to sinter under 32MPa pressure, when temperature heats with the programming rate of 95 DEG C/min lower than when 950 DEG C, continue to be heated to 1650 DEG C with the programming rate of 50 DEG C/min after reaching 950 DEG C, at such a temperature sinter molding after lasting insulation 60min.
5. the manufacture method of the complete ceramic ultra dense tooth face and side cutter of monoblock type as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that, described disk wheel and bowl-type emery wheel all adopt resinoid bond diamond emery wheel.
6. the manufacture method of the complete ceramic ultra dense tooth face and side cutter of monoblock type as claimed in claim 5, it is characterized in that, the concentration of described resinoid bond diamond emery wheel is 80%, and granularity is 200 orders.
7. the manufacture method of the complete ceramic ultra dense tooth face and side cutter of monoblock type as claimed in claim 5, it is characterized in that, described disk wheel and bowl-type wheel grinding speed are respectively 50m/s and 40m/s.
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| CN106272721A (en) * | 2016-08-19 | 2017-01-04 | 南京林业大学 | A kind of pottery wood cutter |
| CN107523710A (en) * | 2017-08-24 | 2017-12-29 | 台州学院 | A kind of whisker modified Ti (C, N) based composite metal ceramic preparation of resistance to high temperature oxidation |
| CN109249071A (en) * | 2018-08-30 | 2019-01-22 | 中国工程物理研究院机械制造工艺研究所 | A kind of micro- milling cutter of array microflute |
| CN106475618B (en) * | 2016-12-22 | 2019-01-29 | 鑫京瑞钨钢（厦门）有限公司 | Super coarse-grain hard alloy green compact disk grooving cutter |
| CN110234455A (en) * | 2016-11-21 | 2019-09-13 | 弗里德里希格罗股份公司 | The constant milling head of improved profile |
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Application publication date: 20150909 |