CN104883956B

CN104883956B - For operating the apparatus and method of the biggest power range order Wavefront sensor

Info

Publication number: CN104883956B
Application number: CN201380069103.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: Y·周; B·周; W·谢伊
Original assignee: Clarity Medical Systems Inc
Current assignee: Clarity Medical Systems Inc
Priority date: 2012-11-07
Filing date: 2013-11-06
Publication date: 2016-12-07
Anticipated expiration: 2033-11-06
Also published as: KR20150083903A; CA2890634A1; TWI599342B; JP5996120B2; CN104883959A; TW201422197A; JP2016504061A; KR20150082566A; TW201422199A; CA2890623C; KR20150082567A; AU2013341263A1; RU2015121708A; AU2013341263A8; TW201422196A; RU2015121427A; TW201422202A; AU2013341289A1; EP2903501A1; WO2014074572A1

Abstract

A kind of order Wavefront sensor, including: light source (172)；Beam steering elements (112)；Position sensing detector (122), is configured to export multiple output signal and multiple compound transimpedance amplifier (see Figure 11), and each compound transimpedance amplifier is coupled into received in detector output signal.The output of each compound transimpedance amplifier is phase-locked to light source drive signal and Beam steering elements drives signal.

Description

For operating the apparatus and method of the biggest power range order Wavefront sensor

Cross-Reference to Related Applications

This application claims entitled " the Apparatus and Method for Operating submitted on November 7th, 2012 A Real Time Large Diopter Range Sequential Wavefront Sensor (is used for operating real-time great Qu The apparatus and method of photometric range order Wavefront sensor) " the priority of U.S. Provisional Application S/N.61/723,531.

Invention field

One or more embodiments of the invention relate generally to the Wavefront sensor being used in vision correction procedure.Specifically Ground, the present invention relates to for driving, control and process real time sequence Wavefront sensor and be associated with this Wavefront sensor The electronic device of the data of other sub-component and algorithm.

Background technology

The conventional Wavefront sensor that human eye wavefront characterizes is typically designed in the case of room lighting turns down or cuts out Obtain the most snapshots of snapshot of patient's eye wavefront.These Wavefront sensors generally use CCD or cmos image sensor comes Catch wave front data and need to use relative complex data processing algorithm to calculate wave front aberration.Owing to CCD or Cmos image sensor be generally of limited quantity GTG and can not with the frame rate operation far above 1/f noise scope, Therefore these Wavefront sensors can not make full use of the signal to noise ratio that lock-in detection scheme provides higher.They can not use simply Algorithm derives rapidly wave front aberration.As result, when these Wavefront sensors collect with Ophthalmologic apparatus (such as operating microscope) Cheng Shi, they are generally not capable of providing accurately/repeatably wave-front optical aberration measurement in real time, especially beat in microscopical illumination light In the case of opening.

There is a need in the art for not only realizing real-time wavefront measurement and display and solve include already mentioned above various The apparatus and method of problem.

Summary of the invention

It is one or more that one or more embodiments meet in the demand in this area.Specifically, an enforcement Example is to realize the calculation being associated of various function together with the data for driving, control and process real time sequence Wavefront sensor Method Electronic Control together with software and drive circuit.

This circuit includes photoelectron position sensing detector/equipment (PSD) (such as Quadrant photo diode/detector/mono- Unit/sensor or transversal effect position sensing detector), transimpedance amplifier, modulus (A/D) transducer, there is increasing able to programme Benefit control digital amplifier, superluminescent diode (SLD or SLED) and drive circuit thereof, wavefront scanning/mobile device and Drive circuit and front end data processing unit (such as, processor, microcontroller, PGA, programmable device).It addition, camera It is used to provide for the most therefrom measuring the live video image of the eyes of wavefront.Additionally, Back end data processing unit is used to conversion Order wave front data from front-end processing unit is superimposed upon on the live image of patient's eye or and patient's eye with display Live image Clinical Ophthalmology information side by side.These circuit (front end and/or rear end) can in one way or another way It is electronically linked to one or more each equipment for the coordinated manipulation of each equipment, including such as, eyes lateral attitude The eyes that measurement equipment, eye distance measure equipment, regulation enables fix target, data storage device, operation based on laser Ablation apparatus and display device.

One embodiment of the disclosure is the chien shih of the transimpedance amplifier in above-mentioned circuit and A/D converter With variable gain amplifier to realize the big signal strength measurement in bigger signal intensity dynamic range.Strong to this big signal The demand of degree measurement dynamic range results from for various eyes or environmental condition that (the densest cataract eyes are to aphakia Eye or long eyes are to short eyes or from the big distance of eyes or bright exterior lighting) measure weak and high-amplitude wave front signal Need.

Another embodiment of the disclosure is the high impedance feedback resistance using and having the part as transimpedance amplifier The composite amplifier of device does not reduce gain bandwidth to maximize signal to noise ratio, reduce electronic noise and to maintain amplifier stability Long-pending.

The another embodiment of the disclosure is to be combined compound transimpedance amplifier with lock detecting circuit to recover otherwise The small-signal flooded much larger than the noise source of signal interested.

Another embodiment is a kind of Wavefront sensor, including: light source, it is configured to output beam to illuminate measured's eyes； Light source drive circuit, coupled to described light source, is configured to drive signal with the first ripple frequency output light source；There is multiple inspection Survey the position sensitive detectors of device element, be configured to the signal intensity of output instruction incident illumination on each of the detector elements Multiple detector output signal；First Beam steering elements, is configured to when described measured's eyes are by described smooth source lighting cut Take the wavefront light beam returned from measured's eyes and be configured to be guided from described tested by aperture towards described detector A part for the wavefront of person's eyes, the part of the described wavefront being wherein conducted through described aperture is formed on the detector The barycenter of speckle and wherein said speckle is strong by described signal with the amplitude of the deviation of the reference point on described detector approximation The amplitude of the indicated and wherein said deviation of ratiometer combination of degree indicate the inclination from plane wave of the part of described wavefront or The degree assembled or dissipate；Beam steering elements drive circuit 720, coupled to described first Beam steering elements, is configured to defeated Going out Beam steering elements drives signal to scan the part of described wavefront with wavefront rate of scanning；And multiple compound mutual impedance Amplifier, each compound transimpedance amplifier has and is coupled into the defeated of received in the plurality of detector output signal Enter and for providing the output of amplified detector output signal, the output of each of which transimpedance amplifier is phase locked Signal is driven to described light source drive signal and described Beam steering elements.

Once combine respective drawings and consult the following detailed description of preferred embodiment, for those skilled in the art Speech, these and other features of the invention will become apparent from advantage.

Accompanying drawing explanation

Fig. 1 shows the optical arrangement of the big power range real time sequence Wavefront sensor integrated with operating microscope One example embodiment；

Fig. 2 show have be connected to these of electronic control circuit may the passing with the wavefront in Fig. 1 of active equipment One example embodiment of the electronic device that the optics of sensor connects；

Fig. 3 shows at eyes transverse shifting and cornea in the case of wavefront sampling plan is not made corresponding change Wavefront sample area in plane will occur anything.

Even if Fig. 4 shows how eyes transverse shifting just can compensate eyes by light beam scanner before DC off-set wave Therefore transverse movement also continues to scan on identical annulus the most placed in the middle (annular ring).

Fig. 5 shows wavefront measured in the case of eyes axially move from designed position or dioptric by mistake Difference there occurs anything.

Fig. 6 shows and controls and drive the order Wavefront sensor shown in Fig. 1 and 2 and the electronics device of the equipment being associated The entire block diagram of one example embodiment of part system；

Fig. 7 show front end electronics processing system and reside in order wavefront sensor module in live image camera with And reside in the frame of an example embodiment of backend electronics processing system in the master computer shown in Fig. 6 and display module Figure；

Fig. 8 shows and can be moved in wavefront relaying beam path to create one or more reference wavefronts for interior The exemplary internal calibration target of portion's calibration and/or checking.

Fig. 9 A has shown that the task of automatic SLD index and digital auto-gain compensative is to optimize the electronic device frame of signal to noise ratio The embodiment of figure.

Fig. 9 B shows the quadrant having first to fall in center and the light image speckle being secondly slightly away from center landing Detector.

Fig. 9 C shows plane wave front, defocuses and the phase in astigmatism, quad detectors after sub-wavefront focusing lens The multiple representative situation of the Image Speckle position of association and the phase when on a monitor as 2D data point pattern displaying The sequential movements of the centroid position answered.

Figure 10 shows that the gain by changing variable gain amplifier and SLD output carry out in optimizing signal to noise ratio Example process stream block diagram.

Figure 11 show as being used in Fig. 9 position sensing detector circuit in can be used for amplify from four as One example of the compound transimpedance amplifier with lock-in detection of any one signal in limit photodiode is implemented Example；

Figure 12 shows an example embodiment of the transimpedance amplifier of routine and the combination of lock detecting circuit；

Figure 13 A shows when MEMS scanning mirror is oriented so that whole wavefront moves down when launching SLD pulse Situation.In this case, an aperture sampling part at the top of circular wavefront part；

Figure 13 B shows when being moved to the left wavefront when launching SLD pulse so that sampling in circular wavefront part in aperture The right a part of time situation；

Figure 13 C shows when moving up wavefront when launching SLD pulse so that sampling in circular wavefront part in aperture Bottom a part of time situation；

Figure 13 D shows when the wavefront that moves right when launching SLD pulse is so that sampling in circular wavefront part in aperture The left side a part of time situation；

Figure 13 E depicts for utilizing with annularly-distributed four detectors put to four pulses of often circulation of wavefront part of sampling The equivalence of sequential scan sequence.

Figure 13 F shows 8 SLD impulse ejections X relative to MEMS scanner and the position of Y-axis, wherein in 8 pulses 4 odd numbers or the X of even pulse and MEMS scanner and Y-axis is directed at and other 4 pulses are disposed between X and Y-axis Ring on midway；

Figure 14 is shown in which the initial and wavefront scanner as shown in Figure 13 F by slight delay SLD pulse X and 4 SLD impulse ejections of Y-axis alignment are located away from X and Y-axis moves the example of 15 °；

Figure 15 shows and samples with the deviation angle of 15 ° on 0 ° on the first frame, the second frame and 30 ° on the 3rd frame The collective effect of wavefront；

Figure 16 shows PSD ratiometer (ratiometric) estimation and along X or the actual barycenter displacement of Y-axis or position Between an example of the relation determined in theory；

Figure 17 shows the relation illustrating how to perform to calibrate to obtain amendment and causes wave front aberration more accurately The example flow diagram measured；

Figure 18 shows that the figure of the order ellipse using trigonometric function to express formula represents, wherein U (t)=a cos (t) With V (t)=b sin (t), a > b > 0, cause its midpoint (U (t₀), V (t₀)) inverse in the first quartile of U-V cartesian coordinate The ellipse that hour hands rotate；

Figure 19 shows that the corresponding figure of the similar order ellipse using trigonometric function to express formula represents, wherein U (t) =-a cos (t), V (t)=-b sin (t), a > b > 0, cause its midpoint (U (t₀), V (t₀)) in the of U-V cartesian coordinate The ellipse rotated counterclockwise in three quadrants；

Figure 20 shows that the corresponding figure of the similar order ellipse using trigonometric function to express formula represents, wherein U (t) =a cos (t), V (t)=-b sin (t), a > b > 0, cause its midpoint (U (t₀), V (t₀)) in the of U-V cartesian coordinate The ellipse turned clockwise in four-quadrant；

Figure 21 shows that the corresponding figure of the similar order ellipse using trigonometric function to express formula represents, wherein U (t) =-a cos (t), V (t)=b sin (t), a > b > 0, cause its midpoint (U (t₀), V (t₀)) in the of U-V cartesian coordinate The ellipse turned clockwise in two quadrant；

Figure 22 shows intended order barycenter data point and the data point position of gained from the spheric wave front dissipated Example with polarity；

Figure 23 shows intended order barycenter data point and the data point position of gained from the spheric wave front assembled Another example with polarity；

Figure 24 shows and to the Xtr-Ytr coordinate through translating and is rotated into further being fitted from original X-Y coordinate Cartesian coordinate translation and rotation to the sequentially U-V coordinate of the barycenter data point of 8 sequential samplings of ellipse.

Figure 25 shows 8 barycenter data points on the result of Rotating Transition of Coordinate and U-V coordinate, and wherein left side is corresponding In have positive major axis and short axle the spheric wave front dissipated and wherein right side corresponding to having negative major axis and the meeting of short axle Poly-spheric wave front；

Figure 26 shows an example embodiment in terms of decoding sphere and cylindricalical angle value and cylinder shaft angle Process chart；

Figure 27 shows the example process flow figure of eye-tracking algorithms；

Figure 28 shows that explanation uses live eye image determine the wavefront sampling circle diameter of maximum and obtain more The example process flow figure of the concept that good diopter resolution is measured for pseudo-crystalline lens；

Figure 29 shows that explanation uses live eye image and/or wavefront sensor signal to detect and relays light beam at wavefront The existence of the unexpected object in path or eyes leaving so that SLD can be closed and can lose from desired position range Abandon " bright " of mistake or the example process flow figure of the concept of " secretly " wave front data；

Describe in detail

Now will be turning in detail to various embodiments of the present invention.The example of these embodiments is shown in the accompanying drawings.Although Invention will be described in conjunction with the embodiments, it will be appreciated that be not intended to limit the present invention to any embodiment In.On the contrary, it is intended to cover may be included in as claims definition spirit and scope of the invention in selection, amendment and etc. Valency scheme.In the following description, illustrate that numerous detail is to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments.But, there is no this In the case of some or all in a little specific detail, it is possible to implement the present invention.Under other example, it is thus well known that process behaviour It is not described in detail in order to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the present invention or applying the present invention to limit.Further, in description In everywhere occur that phrase " example embodiment " is not necessarily referring to identical example embodiment each time.

In the exemplary wavefront sensor for the wave front aberration measuring human eye, from eye pupil or the ripple of corneal plane Before be generally relayed to use the wavefront sensing of known 4-F relaying principle one or many or sample plane (see for example, J.Liang et al. (1994) " Objective measurement of the wave aberrations of the human Eye with the use of a Hartmann-Shack wave-front sensor (utilizes Hartmann-Shack wavefront The object lens of the wave aberration of human eye are measured by sensor) ", J.Opt.Soc.Am.A 11,1949-1957；J.J.Widiker et al. (2006)“High-speed Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor design with commercial off- The-shelf optics (there is the high speed Shack-Hartmann Wavefront sensor design of the ready-made optics of business) ", Applied Optics (Application Optics), 45 (2), 383-395；US7654672).This single or multiple 4-F relay systems will Preserve the phase information of incident wavefront allow simultaneously its by the most unharmful propagation effect.It addition, by configuring use Having two lens of different focal to realize the afocal imaging system of 4-F relaying, relaying can allow along with incident wavefront The zooming in or out of the incident wavefront zoomed in or out being associated dissipated or assemble (see for example, J.W.Goodman, Introduction to Fourier Optics (Fourier Optics introduction), the second edition, McGraw-Hill, 1996).

In recent years, it has been recognized that need real-time Wavefront sensor to become more meticulous for such as LRI/AK, laser enhancing and in vain in The various vision correction procedure of barrier/refractive surgery etc provide live feedback.For these processes, it has been recognized that to normal surgical Any interference of operation is less desirable, and especially closedown and the wave front data of the illumination light of operating microscope catches and process Latent period.Surgeon wishes that Real-time Feedback is provided to them along with vision correction procedure the most normally performs.Separately Outward, most of surgeon also like the real-time wavefront measurements shown continuously be synchronized and be added to eyes Real-time video shows/film on or be close to this real-time video show/film is displayed side by side, wherein with qualitative or quantitative or group Wavefront measurements that is that the qualitative/quantitative mode closed illustrates superposition or that be displayed side by side.Another subject matter is in real time Measure while wavefront during vision correcting surgery process eyes relative to the motion of Wavefront sensor.Previous wavefront sensing Device is not provided for compensating the device of eye motion；On the contrary, they need eyes and Wavefront sensor to realign for having The wavefront measurement of meaning.

Co-pending patent application (US20120026466) the same assignee being transferred to this patent application In, have been disclosed for being particularly adapted to the big power range order ripple of the problem that solution is met with during vision correction procedure Front sensor.Although having been disclosed for the details of a lot of optical design/configuration possibility in the patent application that this is co-pending, But for operate this big power range order Wavefront sensor electronic device control and data process details not yet by Open.The additional measurement capability of different sub-components is the most discussed in detail.In the disclosure, disclose for realizing various merit Can electronic device control and driving aspect and the various features of algorithm that are associated.

According to one or more embodiments of the invention, disclose for that realize high accuracy wavefront measurement with relevant algorithm The lock-in detection electronics system being associated.This electronics system obtains from photoelectron position sensor device/detector Its electronic signal；It utilizes compound transimpedance amplifier amplified analog signal, this analogue signal is changed extremely via A/D converter Digital signal, amplify via digital amplifier this digital signal and via data processing unit process data.This electronic device System be connected to wavefront sensor module those electronically some or all in active equipment different to realize Function.Example in these active equipments includes the such as superluminescent diode before generating the object wave wanting measured Etc (SLD) light source, SLD light beam focus on and/or the wavefront scanning/mobile of manipulation module, such as MEMS scanning mirror etc sets Standby, eye pupil lateral attitude and distance sensing/measurement equipment, eyes fix target, each zoom actively lens, one or more Data process the input equipment and display device enabled with storage device, terminal use.

Fig. 1 shows the optical arrangement of the big power range real time sequence Wavefront sensor integrated with operating microscope One example embodiment and Fig. 2 show have be connected to these of electronics system may Fig. 1 of active equipment The electronic device of Wavefront sensor configuration connects version.

In the embodiment of Fig. 1 and 2, the first lens 104/204 of 8-F wavefront relaying are disposed in wavefront sensor module The first optical input ports at.First lens 104/204 are shared by operating microscope and wavefront sensor module.By 8-F These first lens 104/204 of wavefront relaying are arranged to be advantageous in that set by these first lens near patient's eye as far as possible The focal length of meter can be the shortest according to the requirement that 8-F wavefront relays and therefore can make the overall optical length of Wavefront sensor Spend the shortest.This is combined with the folding of wavefront relaying beam path and wavefront sensor module can be made compact.It addition, when with identical directly The lens in footpath but be disposed in the further downstream of beam path when comparing, the big diopter that can realize the wavefront from eyes is surveyed Weight range.Additionally, due to have always a demand for Wavefront sensor have optical window in this position, therefore these lens can be used as wavefront Relay system and microscopical window and the dual purpose of the first lens.It should be noted, however, that the first lens 104/ After 204 also can be disposed in dichroic or short logical beam splitter 161/261.

Before dichroic as shown in fig 1 and 2 or short logical beam splitter 161/261 are used for high efficiency nearly infrared waves Relaying light beam (covering superluminescent diode or at least spectral region of SLD 172/272) reflects/deflects into Wavefront sensor mould The remainder of block allows major part (such as～85%) visible ray to pass simultaneously.Dichroic or short logical beam splitter 161/261 can The part of the visible and/or near infrared light being designed to also allow for outside reflection/deflection SLD spectral limit is so that can be by image Sensor 162/262 catches the clearly live image of the leading portion (anterior) of patient's eye.

Offset lens 102/202 above dichroic or short logical beam splitter 161/261 is used for realizing some functions.First First, it is ensured that formed by operating microscope and present to surgical operation view not because of the first lens of 8-F wavefront relaying The use of 104/204 and impacted, this offset lens 102/202 is designed to compensate the first lens 104/204 and regards micro- The impact of figure.Second, offset lens 102/202 can be used as sealing the upper optical window that wavefront sensor module can need. 3rd function of offset lens 102/202 is to guide from the illuminating bundle of operating microscope away from optical axis so that working as illumination light When bundle hits lens 104/204, the direct reflection from lens 104/204 is not vectored back to two solids to operating microscope Viewing path in disturb surgeon's viewing to surgical scene.Finally, offset lens 102/202 can also be coated with the most fair Permitted visible spectrum propagate through and reflect and/or absorb near-infrared and ultraviolet spectra.In this way, corresponding to from microscope The near infrared spectrum part of the light of the SLD spectrum of light source will not fall on patient's eye to create the near of any eyes return Infrared background light, this near-infrared bias light can enter wavefront sensor module so that position sensor device/detector is saturated or wound Build background noise.Meanwhile, this coating is also rejected by or absorbs any ultraviolet light from microscopical light source.But, it should Note, if after the first lens are disposed in dichroic or short logical beam splitter 161/261, then will need not compensate for lens and The window with specific wavelength filtering function will be enough.

In fig 1 and 2, the downstream in place of the wavefront from eyes is relayed to arrange wavefront sampled aperture 118/218 Wavefront sampling image plane 8-F.Using two 4-F Relays cascaded or a 8-F wavefront to relay wavefront relaying, it removes Outside first lens 104/204, also include the second lens the 116/216, the 3rd lens 140/240 and the 4th lens 142/242. Folded by polarization beam apparatus (PBS) 174/274, mirror 152/252 and MEMS light beam scanning/movement/deflecting mirror 112/212 Wavefront relaying beam path is so that wavefront sensor module is compact.Beam path, band filter 176/ is relayed along wavefront 276 can be disposed between dichroic or short logical beam splitter 161/261 and quad detectors 122/222 Anywhere with filter Fall any light outside SLD spectrum to reduce background noise.It addition, aperture 177/277 can be disposed in PBS 174/274 and mirror The first Fourier transform plane between 152/252 is sentenced and is played by the coning angle of the light from eyes and therefore from eye The diopter measurement scope of the wavefront of eyeball is restricted to the function of desired scope and prevents from light from falling being arranged in second Fu Outside the mirror sections of the MEMS scanner 112/212 at leaf transformation plane.

MEMS scanning mirror 112/212 is arranged on the second Fourier transform plane of 8-F wavefront relaying and sentences angularly Scanning object beam is so that the warp at final wavefront image plane can laterally be moved relative to wavefront sampled aperture 118/218 The wavefront of relaying.Wavefront sampled aperture 118/218 can be fixed dimension or active variable aperture.After aperture 118/218 Sub-wavefront focusing lens 120/220 by the wavelet prefocusing of sequential sampling to position sensor device/detector (PSD) 122/ On 222 (such as quad detectors/sensor or transversal effect position sensing detectors).It should be noted that, this electronics system Can at least be connected to SLD 172/272, wavefront moves MEMS scanning mirror 112/212 and PSD 122/222 synchronously to make SLD pulsation, scanning MEMS mirror also collect the signal from PSD so that lock-in detection can be realized.

Although at this point it should be noted that the first lens of wavefront relaying are disposed in wavefront sensor module in fig 1 and 2 Or fenced input port position, but this is optional.First lens 104/204 can be disposed in dichroic or short logical Beam splitter 161/261 is afterwards and glass window can be disposed in input port position.Therefore, wavefront relaying can be redesigned Remainder and the optical function of offset lens or window 102/202 can be revised be presented to the micro-image guaranteed Surgeon.

In addition to the wavefront relaying beam path folded, show three more beam paths in fig 1 and 2, one Individual for eye imaging, one for being used for fixing goal directed to eyes and one superluminescent diode (SLD) Beam emissions relays light beam to eyes for creating the wavefront from eyes carrying ocular wavefront information.

Imaging beamsplitter 160/260 via lens or battery of lens 168/268 by that return from eyes and by dichroic or short At least some in the imaging of logical beam splitter 161/261 reflection guides to imageing sensor 162/262, such as 2D pel array CCD/CMOS sensor.Imageing sensor 162/262 can be connected to the black/white of electronics system or color cmos/ Ccd image sensor.Imageing sensor 162/262 provides the coplanar video of measured (subject) eyes or still image also And the leading portion to eyes or back segment (posterior) imaging can be focused into.Further, fixing/imaging beamsplitter 166/266 edge The fixing target 164/ that reverse path will be formed by lens or battery of lens 170/270 together with the first lens 104/204 The image of 264 guides to patient's eye.Lens 168/268 before imageing sensor 162/262 are designed to and first Leading portion or the live image of back segment of the patient's eye on display (illustrating the most in fig 1 and 2) is thought in lens 104/204 cooperation Desired optical amplifier is provided and is used for manually or automatically focusing (if necessary) to guarantee imageing sensor Plane and such as eye pupil planar conjugate are so that clearly eye pupil image can be obtained.In automatic focus condition, thoroughly Mirror 168/268 needs to be connected to electronics system.

Lens 170/270 before fixing target 164/264 be designed to patient's eye provide just size and The comfortable fixing target of brightness.It may be additionally used for the retina conjugation focused to guarantee fixing target and eyes, or will Eyes are fixed on different distance, orientation position or even make eyes obscure.During do so, need to make lens 170/270 for active And lens 170/270 are connected to electronics system.Fixed light source 164/264 can by electronics system drive with Expect to glisten or flicker it with the separate speed in lighting area of such as operating microscope.The color of fixed light source 164/264 Can change equally.Fixing target can be micro-display, and wherein its shown pattern or speckle are with surgeon/clinician Expectation variable.It addition, fixing target based on micro-display may be additionally used for guide patient fixation at different directions so that Obtaining the ocular aberrations figure that can measure and generate 2D array, the ocular aberrations figure of this 2D array can be used for assessing the periphery of patient and regards The visual acuity felt.

Fixing target 164/264 can be red green or yellow (or any color) light emitting diode (LED), and it exports light merit Rate dynamically can be controlled based on different background illuminations by electronics system.Such as, when the phase from operating microscope When strong illuminating bundle is opened, the brightness of fixed light source 164/264 can be increased so that patient can easily find out solid Set the goal and fixed thereon.Variable diaphragm or aperture (not shown in Fig. 1 or Fig. 2) also can before imageing sensor quilt It is arranged in before lens 168/268 and is connected to the live figure of electronics system leading portion or back segment to control eyes The depth of field of picture.By dynamically changing aperture size, the eye when eyes axially move can be controlled away from designed distance The degree of the vague intensity of eyeball image, and the vague intensity of the eye image relevant with diaphragm or aperture size and eyes axial Relation between position is used as the signal of the axial distance for determining eyes.As an alternative, also by well-known Means (triangulation of Image Speckle position of such as corneas based on one or more near-infrared light sources scattering/reflection) Measure eye distance.Also can use as below by the disclosed eye distance measurement measuring method based on low coherence interference.

One circle or multi-turn LED (or array) (135/235) can be arranged to be centered around the week of the fenced input port of wavefront Enclose to play multiple function.One function is floodlight (flood) illumination light in the range of simply providing wavelength spectrum so that this The light that eyes in spectrum return can arrive imageing sensor (162/262).In this way, without from operating microscope Illumination or the illumination light if from operating microscope have been filtered into and have only allowed visible ray to arrive eyes, then as by image The contrast of the eye image that sensor (162/262) is caught can be held in desired scope.As an example, figure As sensor is monochromatic UI-1542LE-M, it is have 1.3 million pixel resolutions (1280x1024 pixel) the compactest Board level camera.NIR band filter can be set along image path so that only flood lighting light will arrive image sensing Device is to maintain the contrast of the relative constancy of live eye image.

Second function of LED (135/235) is to create from cornea and/or the optics of eye lens shape (natural or artificial) The mirrored images speckle that interface returns is so that the Purkinje image of LED (135/235) can be by imageing sensor (162/ 262) catch.Image procossing by these Purkinje images, it may be determined that the lateral attitude of patient's eye.It addition, available with The identical mode that corneal topography instrument system and/or keratometer/keratoscope are done is crystalline to calculate cornea and/or eye The top of body (natural or artificial) and/or lower surface profile or topography.This information obtained can be used for determining The change of cornea shape or more even other ocular bioavailability metering/anatomic parameter.Measured change can be subsequently used to During being arranged on refractive surgery or just targeted after refractive surgery or intended dioptric are so that when the cornea at eyes Done in otch or wound when healing completely, the final dioptric of eyes will be as required.

3rd function of LED (135/235) can be some of them can be selectively opened and project on the white of the eye with Creating hot spot, these hot spots can be caught to realize using the eyes of optical triangulation principle by imageing sensor (162/262) Range measurement.The change of centroid position of the hot spot of imaging can be processed to calculate eye distance.

Except live eye pupil/iris or cornea image are provided and to flood lighting effect imaging in addition to, image passes Sensor signal may be additionally used for other purpose.Such as, live image can be used for detecting the chi from the first lens (104/204) Very little, distance and the lateral attitude of eye pupil.When the size finding pupil is less, can correspondingly reduce wavefront sample region Territory.In other words, for each pupil size, pupil size information can be used for the automatic of wavefront sensing region in a closed loop manner And/or dynamically regulate and/or scaling.

One embodiment of the disclosure be as ad-hoc location in the range of the wavefront measurement of result of eye position change The rectification of error.This rectification can be applied to both the change of eyes lateral attitude and the change of eyes axial location.A reality Execute in example, when finding eyes or pupil not (being i.e. directed at very well) the most placed in the middle relative to the optical axis of Wavefront sensor, eyes or Pupil is determined and is used for correction relative to the amount of the transverse movement of wavefront sensor module will be by this eyes or pupil The driving signal of the wavefront error recorded that position transverse movement is introduced or regulation wavefront sampled scan instrument is so that cornea On same area be sampled always.

Live eye image or other means can be used to determine the lateral attitude of eyes or pupil.Such as, limbus of corneae can Reference is provided wherein for eyes；Border between pupil and iris is alternatively eyes and provides reference wherein.It addition, as bright Bright hot spot is caught by live eyes camera or is attached that position sensing detector detected from anterior surface of cornea The flood lighting light of direct reflection may be alternatively used for providing the information of the lateral attitude about eyes.Additionally, from table before cornea The SLD light of the direct reflection in face also can be caught or be attached position sensing inspection as bright hot spot by live eyes camera Survey device and detected to determine the lateral attitude of eyes.Also can scan SLD light beam in two dimensions to search for the strongest cornea top Put direct reflection and determine eyes lateral attitude.

Fig. 3 shows at eyes transverse shifting and cornea in the case of wavefront sampling plan is not made corresponding change Wavefront sample area in plane will occur anything.Assuming that SLD light beam and Wavefront sensor light shaft coaxle and relative to wavefront Sensor optical axis is fixed in space and Wavefront sensor is at the optical axis relative to the Wavefront sensor in corneal plane Radial direction or rotational symmetric annulus surrounding sample.When good alignment eyes, SLD light beam 302 is by by the summit of cornea and pupil The center in hole enters eyes, falls on the retina near amphiblestroid fovea centralis.Therefore, as put down by cross section cornea on the right Shown in the annulus 304 of face view, by the radial direction placed in the middle relative to the center on the summit of cornea or eye pupil or rotate right The wavefront that in the annulus claimed, sampling is returned.Now imagine that if eyes relative to SLD light beam and Wavefront sensor laterally to Lower movement.Then SLD light beam 312 will deviate from now Central places and enters eyes, but still the regarding near amphiblestroid fovea centralis that fall On nethike embrane, although dependent on the aberration of eyes, accurate location may be slightly different.Owing to wavefront sample area is relative to SLD light Bundle is fixing, therefore, as shown in the annulus 314 by cross-sectional angle membrane plane view on the right, in corneal plane, sampling Annulus will move up relative to the summit of cornea or the center of eye pupil.This non-radial or rotation asymmetry wavefront sampling Therefore wavefront measurement error will be caused.In an embodiment of the disclosure, utilize the lateral attitude about eyes or pupil Information, uses software and data to process and corrects wavefront measurement error.

In an embodiment of the disclosure, utilize about eyes or the information of the lateral attitude of pupil, SLD light can be scanned Restraint to follow or to follow the tracks of eyes or pupil so that SLD light beam is by always from the identical corneal position according to design (the most slightly The position on the summit of micro-deviation cornea) enter cornea such as to prevent the SLD light beam of the direct reflection returned by cornea from entering ripple The PSD of front sensor.Live eye image may be additionally used for determining the existence of eyes and correspondingly opening or closing SLD/ ripple Front detecting system.At desired corneal position, eyes are always entered and as eyes transverse movement in order to ensure SLD light beam The result of (in particular eye range of movement) is the most partially or even wholly by iris blocks, and being used for as shown in figs. 1 and 2 is swept Retouch the scanning mirror 180/280 of SLD light beam and can be placed in before first wave at the back focal plane of relay lens 104/204.In this case, The angle sweep of scanning mirror 180/280 will cause the transversal scanning relative to corneal plane of the SLD light beam.Catch the live image of eyes Imageing sensor or other eyes lateral attitude detection device can be used for calculating the lateral attitude of eye center and providing Feedback signal with drive scanning mirror 180/280 so that SLD light beam can follow eye motion or follow the tracks of eyes.

In another embodiment of the disclosure, suitable DC skew is utilized to drive wavefront light beam scanner 112/212 to permit Permitted to follow eyes transverse movement or followed the tracks of eyes so that always completing wavefront sampling in the same area of eye pupil.Example As, can relative to eye pupil radially or complete on rotational symmetric annulus sampling.In order to how can look at this, Let us recalls wavefront light beam scanner and is positioned at the second Fourier transform plane of 8-F wavefront link deployment.Work as eyes During transverse shifting, at 4-F wavefront image plane, depending on the focal distance ratio of the first and second lens, the image of wavefront equally will be with Proportional optical amplifier or reduce transverse shifting.If wavefront light beam scanner does not does any scanning and does not has DC inclined Move, then the wavefront of the transverse shifting at this middle wavefront image plane is relayed to final wavefront sampling image plane further Time, it is transverse shift equally relative to sampled aperture.As result, when wavefront light beam scanner does angle rotation sweep. As by shown in the lower part of Fig. 3, the annulus of the effective scanning in corneal plane is by Shi Qu center.

Even if Fig. 4 shows eyes transverse shifting, how by light beam scanner before DC off-set wave, eyes can be compensated Therefore transverse movement also continues to scan on identical annulus the most placed in the middle.As seen in Figure 4, when the transverse movement that there are eyes Time, SLD light beam 448 will deviate from Central places enter eyes and as will by 8-F relaying relay object at corneal plane Wavefront be off-axis equally.Therefore middle wavefront image 402 is transverse shift and scans if there is no wavefront light beam The DC skew of instrument, the not scanning of the wavefront light beam at the second Fourier transformation image plane, then middle wavefront image also serves as The wavefront image 432 of transverse shift will be relayed to final wavefront sample plane.In this case, if wavefront light beam scans The form scanning that instrument rotates with the round angle relative to zero DC deviation angle, then as by shown in annulus 444, the wavefront of sampling phase subsequently Center for eyes will be non-radial or non-rotationally-symmetric annulus.But, if as at the wavefront shown on the right side of Fig. 4 Light beam scanner 462 has a certain DC skew that lateral displacement based on eyes suitably determines, then final when being relayed to Wavefront sampling image plane time, final wavefront image 482 can be displaced laterally with relative to wavefront sampled aperture 458 by again Between two parties (re-centered).In this case, SLD light beam 498 will enter eyes, as to be relayed by 8-F in off-center ground The wavefront at corneal plane of the object of relaying is off-axis when through first, second, and third lens, but sweeps at wavefront After retouching instrument, this relaying is corrected by wavefront scanner and is on axle now.Therefore, wavefront light beam scanner is relative to this DC The further angle rotation sweep of deviation angle will cause relative to the radial direction of eye center or the sampling of rotational symmetric annulus 494.

The eyes that therefore one embodiment of the disclosure is in response to can be determined by live eyes camera or other device Transverse movement and control wavefront scanner DC skew.Giving the credit to along wavefront relay route, wavefront imaging is along imaging road Some in footpath but complete off axis not on axle the fact that, therefore can there is other optical aberration of introducing, including example As coma and column (prismatic) tilt.Introduced these additional aberrations of the result that relays as off-axis wavefront can Processed by calibration and be seen as there is optical imagery or the intrinsic aberration of relay system and therefore can using Calibration and data process and deduct.

In another embodiment of the disclosure, when finding that eyes are not positioned axially between at the object plane away from Wavefront sensor During the distance designed, determine that eyes are used for entangling relative to amount and this information of the axial displacement of designed axial location Just by by the introduced wavefront error recorded of this eyes axially-movable.Fig. 5 shows at eyes from designed position Wavefront measured in the case of axially moving or refractive error there occurs anything.

On the left column of Fig. 5, it is shown that three emmetropiaes, wherein 504 of top Wavefront sensor further away from each other One 506 mobile, the middle axial positions in the design of Wavefront sensor and one 508 of bottom are towards wavefront sensing Device moves.As can be seen due to from this emmetropia occur wavefront design object plane 502 (from the object plane of this design 502, wavefront will be relayed to final wavefront sample plane) place is plane, thus for these three situation, wavefront 514, 516 and 518 is all plane.Therefore, when eyes are to face, if eyes the most axially move from designed position Position, then wavefront measurements is by unaffected.

But, if as by the crystalline lens (525,527,529) of wherein eyes be illustrated as thicker and eyes (524,526, 528) being also depicted with shown in the middle column of longer Fig. 5, eyes are near-sighted, then the wavefront occurred from eyes will converge to The dioptric value of point (535,537,539) and the wavefront at corneal plane is by the distance from the corneal plane of eyes to convergent point Determined.In this case, if as by shown in the top example of middle column, eyes are moved into wavefront the most further away from each other Sensor, then the wavefront at the object plane 522 of Wavefront sensor differs with the wavefront at the corneal plane of eyes.True On, the radius of curvature of the convergence of the wavefront at the object plane of Wavefront sensor is less than the convergence of the wavefront at corneal plane Radius of curvature.Therefore, when this wavefront 534 at the object plane of Wavefront sensor is measured by Wavefront sensor, measured Result will differ from the wavefront 536 at corneal plane, because the radius of curvature of wavefront 534 is less than the radius of curvature of wavefront 536. On the other hand, if as by shown in the bottom example of middle column, eyes are moved into closer to towards Wavefront sensor, then at ripple Wavefront 538 at the object plane 522 of front sensor differs with the wavefront 536 at the corneal plane of eyes again.It is true that The radius of curvature of the wavefront 538 at the object plane of Wavefront sensor is now greater than the wavefront 536 at corneal plane.As knot Really, the wavefront result measured by wavefront object plane will again be different from the corneal plane of eyes measured by ripple Front result.

When being such as removed by the crystalline lens of wherein eyes and eyes (544,546,548) are plotted as being shorter than normal equally The right row with Fig. 5 of the short aphakic eye of simulation shown in, when eyes are hypermetropias, the wavefront occurred from eyes will be Dissipate and by the divergent rays that extends back, it is possible to find the virtual focus point (555,557,559) that light therefrom originates from.At cornea The hyperopic refractive value of the wavefront at plane is determined by the distance from the corneal plane of eyes to virtual focus point.In this case, If as by shown in the top example of right row, eyes are moved into Wavefront sensor further away from each other, then at Wavefront sensor Wavefront 554 at object plane 542 differs with the wavefront 556 at the corneal plane of eyes again.It is true that at wavefront sensing The radius of curvature dissipated of the wavefront 554 at the object plane of device is now greater than the song dissipated of the wavefront 556 at corneal plane Rate radius.Therefore, when this wavefront 554 at the object plane of Wavefront sensor is measured by Wavefront sensor, measured result To again be different from the wavefront 556 at corneal plane.On the other hand, if as shown in the bottom example by right row, eyes quilt Be moved into closer to towards Wavefront sensor, then the wavefront 538 at the object plane 542 of Wavefront sensor still will differ from eye Wavefront 556 at the corneal plane of eyeball.It is true that the curvature half of the wavefront 558 dissipated at the object plane of Wavefront sensor Footpath is now by less than the wavefront 556 at corneal plane.As result, the wavefront result measured by wavefront object plane will Again it is different from the wavefront result measured by the corneal plane of eyes.

In an embodiment of the disclosure, combine the real-time clock of axial location for detecting the eyes under test And the information of the amount in real time, moved relative to the axle of the object plane of wavefront sensor module about eyes is used for correction will By this eyes axially-movable introduced measured by wavefront error.As will be discussed later, eyes axial location measures hands Section includes that such as the most well-known optical triangulation and optics low coherence interference measure method.Permissible Calibrate the true wave front aberration determining the axial location of eyes and eyes to as passed by the wavefront measured by Wavefront sensor The relation between wave front aberration at the object plane of sensor.Look-up table can be established and subsequently by real time for correcting wavefront Measurement error.In the case of cataract operation, when completely zoomed out, operating microscope generally can be presented on about to surgeon The view aligning focusing (sharp-focused) of the patient's eye in the axial range of the magnitude of ± 2.5mm.Therefore when outward When section doctor focuses on patient's eye under operating microscope, the change of the axial location of patient's eye should be about ± 2.5mm's In the range of.Therefore, can calibrate in such scope and look-up table can be set up in such scope equally.

In an example embodiment of the disclosure, when finding that eyes are filled with water/solution, or there is optics bubble, or Eyelid is positioned in light path, or skin of face or surgical hands or operation tool or instrument are positioned at the visual field of imageing sensor In and partially or even wholly stop wavefront relaying beam path time, discardable/filter wave front data with get rid of " secretly " or " bright " data and simultaneously can close SLD 172/272.In another example embodiment of the disclosure, Wavefront sensor is used for Calculate whether eyes are dried and can the prompting as form with video or audio signal be sent to surgeon or clinical doctor Raw to remind when he/her rinses eyes.And, the signal from imageing sensor 162/262 may be additionally used for identified patient Eyes are in Phakic or aphakia or pseudo-crystalline lens state and correspondingly, can only beat during the cycle needed Open SLD pulse.These methods can reduce patient and to the overall exposing time of SLD light beam and allow higher peak value the most possibly Power or longer continue in (on-duration) SLD pulse to be used for increasing wavefront measurement signal to noise ratio.Additionally, can be by one Algorithm is applied to the eye image of gained by effective vague intensity of gained image and/or to come with trigdatum cooperation Determine the optimum distance of eyes.

In fig 1 and 2, large-sized polarization beam apparatus (PBS) 174/274 is used for SLD beam emissions to patient's eye Eyeball.The wavefront from eyes that the reason using big window size is to ensure that in desired big diopter measurement scope relays light Bundle is not partly but to be intercepted by PBS 174/274 deviously.In the exemplary embodiment, from the light beam of SLD 172/272 Preferably p-polarization so that light beam substantially transmits by PBS 174/274 and is launched into eyes for creating eyes Wavefront.Can preform or handle SLD light beam so that when light beam enters eyes at corneal plane, it can at corneal plane Be collimation or focus on or (divergently or assemble ground) that part defocuses.When SLD light beam as relatively small hot spot or Hot spot of some extension is when falling on the retina, and it is by scattering in relatively large angle range and the light of return that therefore generates Bundle will have original polarization and cross-polarization.As known to the skilled person, ophthalmology Wavefront sensor is applied, The only orthogonal polarization components of wavefront relaying light beam is used for eyes wavefront measurement.This is because in original polarization direction, exist From relatively strong the SLD light reflected of cornea and the crystalline lens of the eyes that can introduce error into wavefront measurement.So it is big Another function of PBS 174/274 be only to allow the wavefront relaying light beam of cross-polarization to be reflected by PBS 174/274 and will Guide to propagating through PBS 174/274 and being absorbed or for other purposes with the light wave of the return of its original orientation polarization, Such as monitor whether to there is the direct reflection being returned to SLD light beam in wavefront sensor module by cornea or crystalline lens.

In fig 1 and 2, band filter 176/276 is any visible with refusal in being disposed in wavefront relaying beam path The wavefront relaying bundle light entrance wavefront sensing of the desired opposite, narrow spectrum of light and/or environmental background light and only permission SLD generation The remainder of device module.

In addition to the fact that except can scan SLD light beam to follow eyes transverse movement, it is also with from electronic device System controls to scan SLD light beam with in the little scanning area that falls on the retina, and this electronics system includes front end electronics Processor and master computer.In an example embodiment, always enter at desired corneal position in order to ensure SLD light beam Eyes and as the result of eye motion (in particular eye range of movement) the most partially or even wholly by iris blocks, as Relay lens 104/204 before the scanning mirror 180/280 scanning SLD light beam can be placed in first wave shown in Fig. 1 and 2 At back focal plane.In this case, the angle sweep of scanning mirror 180/280 will cause SLD light beam laterally sweeping relative to corneal plane Retouch, if but eyes face, then still allow for SLD light beam and fall on identical retinal location.Catch eye pupil The imageing sensor of live image can be used for calculating the lateral attitude at eye pupil center and providing feedback signal to drive Scanning mirror 180/280 and make SLD light beam can follow eye motion or follow the tracks of eyes.

In an example embodiment, so that SLD light beam falls around zonule on the retina and also at this Scanning around zonule, as shown in figs. 1 and 2, another scanning mirror 182/282 can be positioned so that and conjugates at SLD beam shape Handle the corneal plane at the back focus of lens 184/284.Another lens 186/286 can be used for from such as single-mode fiber The SLD light beam of the output port of (such as protecting (PM) single-mode fiber partially) 188/288 focuses on or collimates or be formed into scanning mirror 182/ On 282.The scanning of the SLD light beam on zonule on the retina can provide some benefits；One is to reduce by making SLD light beam The mottled effect that the situation that especially this spot size is the least on identical retinal flecks region that always falls causes；Another Benefit is to shift (divert) luminous energy in bigger retinal area so that higher peak power or longer continue Pulse SLD light beam can be transmitted to eyes to increase the signal to noise ratio that optical wavefront is measured；And another benefit is so that wavefront is surveyed Amount can be averaged in bigger retinal area so that can averagely or detection and/or quantify non-all by retina landform The wavefront measurement error that even property causes.As an alternative, by using lens 186/286 (or 184/284) to control SLD light beam Focus on and defocus, also can control the SLD beam spot size on retina to realize similar purpose.

It should be noted that, can independently, simultaneously perform and also synchronization SLD light beam relative to cornea and amphiblestroid is swept Retouch.In other words, two SLD light beam scanners 180/280 and 182/282 can be activated independently from each other but simultaneously.Additionally, it should note Meaning, the laser beam as external coat light beam (illustrating the most in fig 1 and 2) can be combined with SLD light beam and pass through same optical fiber or Person is delivered to eyes to be delivered to the identical scanner (multiple) of SLD light beam by another free space beam combiner Or other scanner so that can scan external coat laser beam for perform eyes refractive surgery (such as limbus of corneae is loosened and is cut Open art (LRI)) or other cornea engraving.SLD and external coat laser instrument can have different wavelength and use based on optical fiber Wave division multiplexing bonder or free space dichroic beam combiner combine.

When calibration/verification to be carried out, internal calibration target 199/299 can be moved in wavefront relaying beam path. When internal calibration target is moved in suitable position, SLD light beam can be directed into same with wavefront relaying optical beam path journal axle Axle.Calibration target can be made up of a material, and this material is by be similar to eye retina and to have some expectation decay of possibility Mode scattered light is so that reference wavefront can be generated and is measured for calibration/verification purpose by order Wavefront sensor. The reference wavefront generated can be to be close to the wavefront of plane or typical aphakia wavefront or any other dissipates/assemble journey Dissipating or before convergent wave of degree.

Although for eyes wavefront measurement, only using the light beam returned from retina with cross-polarization, but this being not Mean that those light waves from the return of cornea, the crystalline lens of eyes and retina with original polarization are useless.On the contrary, tool These light waves returned having original polarization can provide highly useful information.Fig. 1 and 2 shows the eyes with original polarization The light wave returned can be used for the eye distance away from wavefront sensor module, eyes crystalline lens (naturally or implant) at eye Position in eyeball (that is, effective lens position), anterior chamber depth, eye-length and other eyes leading portion and/or back segment biometer Amount or the measurement of anatomic parameter.In fig 1 and 2, utilize such as be typically used to optics low coherence interference measure method (OLCI) or The light wave of the return through PBS174/274 collected by the Low coherence fibre optic interferometer of optical coherence tomography (OCT).SLD is defeated Go out optical fiber 188/288 can be single mode (SM) (and protecting partially (PM) (if desired)) and normal single mode (SM) can be connected to Optical fiber (or protecting (PM) single-mode fiber partially) bonder is so that a part for SLD light is sent to Wavefront sensor and SLD light Another part be sent to reference arm 192/292.The optical path length of reference arm can be by substantially matching to corresponding to returning from eyes The optical path length of the optical path length of the light wave returned.The light wave returned from the different piece of eyes can be made at fiber coupler 190/ Reconfigure to cause optics low coherence interference with the reference light wave returned by reference optical fiber arm 192/292 at 290.Such as Fig. 1 Shown in 2, this interference signal can be detected by detector 194/294.Note that while in fig 1 and 2, same fiber coupler 190/290 is used for dividing in the optical interdferometer of Michelson (Michelson) type configures and reconfiguring light wave, so And the configuration of other well-known fibre optic interferometer can be used equally, example is to use the light in wherein sample arm The light wave that sample arm returns is effectively channeled to reconfigure two fiber couplers of fiber coupler by fine circulator Mach-Zehnder type configuration.

Various OLCI/OCT configuration and detection scheme can be used, including spectral domain, swept light source, time domain and balance detection. In order to keep wavefront sensor module (being attached to such as operating microscope or slit lamp biomicroscope) compact, detection module 194/294, reference arm 192/292 (including that reference mirror adds fiber optic loop) and even SLD 172/272 and fiber coupler 190/290 can be located at Wavefront sensor fenced outside.Reason for this is that detection module 194/294 and/or reference arm 192/292 And/or to depend on being used for the scheme of OLCI/OCT operation can be huge in SLD source 172/272.For operating OLCI/OCT The electronic device of sub-component may be located at Wavefront sensor fenced in or Wavefront sensor fenced outside.Such as, when such as existing During employing balance detection scheme discussed in US7815310, it may be necessary to combine fiber circulators in SLD fiber arm (not Illustrate).Between when employed during the detection of territory, reference arm 192/292 may need include optical path length scanner or quickly scan light Delay line (not shown), it needs by electronic device control.When using spectral domain detection scheme, detection module may need to include Spectrogrph and line scan camera (not shown), it needs by electronic device control.When using swept light source detection scheme, light source May need to include length scanning instrument (not shown), it needs by electronic device control.

In an example embodiment, in order to ensure collecting relatively strong OLCI/OCT signal, scanning mirror 180/280 (and/or 182/282) can be controlled to allow the crystalline lens from such as cornea, eyes (natural especially by electronics system Or artificial) and amphiblestroid relatively strong direct reflection return to fibre optic interferometer so that can measure relative to wavefront sensing The axial distance of the optical interface of device module or these eye parts relative to each other.This operation can sequentially with eyes wavefront Measure separately, because in the later case, perhaps should avoid direct reflection.Alternatively, two different wavestrips can be used And it can be deployed in spectrum separates.On the other hand, OLCI/OCT signal intensity is used as the most just being passed by wavefront about direct reflection The instruction of sensor module collection and if it is, discardable wavefront sensor data.

In another example embodiment, SLD light can be scanned on the leading portion of eyes or on the retina of certain volume Restraint and each several part of eyes can be carried out biometric or anatomical structure is measured.One useful especially measurement is anterior corneal surface And thickness distribution.

In an example embodiment, for moving/scan the light beam scanner 112/212 of wavefront and for scanning These (180/280,182/282) of SLD light beam also can have dynamic DC offset and think that the disclosure brings additional benefits.Such as, Can be used for the result as environmental change (such as temperature) for moving and/or scan the scanner 112/212 of wavefront The potential misalignment of optical element provides compensation right to guarantee that wavefront sampling remains rotation relative to the center of eye pupil Claim.Simultaneously, if it is desired, according to the Image Speckle position of the compensation by a calibration, it is possible to adjusting position sensor device/inspection Survey the reference point on device (PSD).Image Speckle if there is sampling offsets, then relative to the DC at any angle of PSD reference point This can be processed by calibration and data.We mention and can be used for leading to for the scanner 180/280 scanning SLD light beam Cross the feedback signal from imageing sensor 162/262 to the eyes transverse movement following in particular range.Eyes relative to In the case of wavefront sensor module moves, though can make SLD light beam with its at eyes relative to wavefront sensor module Time good placed in the middle, the identical angle done is entered eyes by identical corneal position, but the wavefront of the return from eyes Light beam will be transverse shift relative to the optical axis of wavefront sensor module.As result, the warp at wavefront sampling image plane The wavefront of relaying will be transverse shift equally.In this case, the DC skew of the scanner 112/212 before advanced wave can Be used to compensate for this displacement and still such that scanned wavefront light beam rotate relative to wavefront sampled aperture 118/218 right Claim.In this case, coma or the column that can there is introducing tilt or other additional aberrations, and these can be by calibration sum According to processing.During do so, can compensate for or correct any wavefront measurement caused by the change by eye location/position by mistake Difference.

The letter provided by imageing sensor, Wavefront sensor, specular detector and/or low coherence interferometer is provided The combination of breath, it is possible to combine some or all information to realize correct calibration curve and/or correct data processing algorithm Automatically select.Meanwhile, data integrity indicator or confidence level (confidence) indicator or the opaque degree of cataract The indicator of the existence of indicator or optics bubble can be displayed to surgeon by audio or video or other means or be faced Bed doctor or provide feedback during be connected to Other Instruments.The information of combination may be additionally used for intraocular pressure (IOP) Detect, measure and/or calibrate.Such as, can by with the Tong Bu Wavefront sensor of oximeter monitoring patient's heart beat signal and/or Low coherence interferometer detects that the patient's heartbeat in the anterior chamber of eyes generates or external acoustic waves generation intraocular pressure change.Pressure The syringe of power meter equipment can be used for being expelled to viscoelastic gel in eyes expand eyes and also measuring intraocular pressure.Group The information closed may be additionally used for detection and/or confirms determining of intraocular lens (IOL) (the most multifocal intraocular lens) that implant Center and/or inclination.The information of combination may be additionally used for eye state (including crystalline lens, aphakia and pseudo-crystalline lens) Detection.Wavefront sensor signal can be with OLCI/OCT signal combination to measure and instruction crystalline lens or eye (ocular) system The optical scattering of optical medium and/or opaque degree.Wavefront sensor signal also can be with OLCI/OCT signal combination to survey Amount tear film distribution on the cornea of patient's eye.

A requirement for real-time ophthalmology Wavefront sensor is can be (such as when natural eye is brilliant during cataract operation When shape body is removed and eyes are aphakic) the big diopter measurement dynamic range that meets with.Although optical wavefront relays Configuration is designed to cover big diopter measurement dynamic range, the character of order has eliminated cross-interference issue, and locked Regular inspection survey technology may filter that DC and low frequency 1/f noise, but dynamic range can be still by position sensor device/detector (PSD) limit.In one embodiment, most preferably design optics so that in desired diopter coverage, PSD On images/light spot size always in particular range so that its barycenter can be sensed by PSD.In another embodiment, Before dynamic wave as shown in figs. 1 and 2/defocus shift equipment 178/278 is arranged on middle wavefront image plane and (i.e. puts down with cornea Face and the 4-F plane of wavefront sample plane conjugation) place.Before dynamic wave/defocus shift equipment 178/278 can be plug-in type (drop-in) lens, zoom lens, penetration wavefront manipulator based on liquid crystal or wavefront manipulator based on distorting lens. Become at PSD measuring in the case of the limiting factor of big dioptric optical value (positive or negative), electronics system can activate wavefront/ Defocus shift equipment 178/278 is to offset (offset) or partly/fully compensate for some or all in wave front aberration.Example As, in aphakia state, the wavefront from the eyes of patient dissipates relatively, can will just at 4-F wavefront image plane Lens drop into wavefront relaying beam path in offset wavefront spherical defocus component and therefore by fall on PSD image/ Light speckle band in the range of so that PSD can sense/measuring sequence sampling wavelet before barycenter.

As high myopia, high hypermetropia, relatively large astigmatism or spherical aberration other situation in, can scan wavefront/ Defocus shift equipment 178/278 and the skew having a mind to can be applied to one or more particular aberration parts in a dynamic fashion. In this way, some lower-order aberration and the information about other specific higher-order wave front aberration that can highlight can be offset to disclose Need these key characters clinically of the residue wave front aberration corrected further.During do so, vision correction practitioner or Surgeon can intense adjustment vision correction procedure and minimize remaining wave front aberration in real time.

Fig. 6 shows and controls and drive order Wavefront sensor as shown in figs. 1 and 2 and other active setting of being associated The entire block diagram of one example embodiment of standby electronics system 600.In this embodiment, power model 605 is by AC merit Rate is converted into DC power for whole electronics system 600.Can the most synchronously catch and/or record eyes Wave front data and image/film.Master computer & display module 610 provides and includes making live eye image and wavefront measurements Synchronize back-end processing and provide a user with visible display, wherein wavefront information be superimposed upon on the live image of patient's eye or Person is displayed side by side with the live image of patient's eye.Wave front data also can be converted into computer by master computer & display module 610 Drawing, these computer graphics are Tong Bu with the digital picture/film of eyes and mixing is to form compound film and at display This compound film of upper display, this display is synchronized to real-time activity performed during vision correction procedure.

Master computer & display module 610 also by serial or parallel data link 620 provide power and with order wavefront Sensor assembly 615 communicates.Optics as shown in figs. 1 and 2 resides in order together with some front-end electronics In wavefront sensor module 615.In an embodiment of the disclosure, master computer & display module 610 and order wavefront sensing Device module 615 connects 620 communications by USB.But, any convenient serial, parallel or wireless data communication protocol will act as With.Master computer & display module 610 may also include the optional connection 625 of such as Ethernet etc with allow by wavefront, video and Other process or initial data download to external network (not shown in FIG. 6) on for such as subsequent data analysis or time Other purpose put etc.

It should be noted that display should not necessarily be limited by the individual monitor being illustrated as being combined with master computer.Display can be interior Put HUD, translucent micro-display in the eyepiece path of operating microscope, can by information projection to be superimposed upon as By the back projection's display on microscopical view live seen by surgeon/clinician or it is linked to each other among each other Multiple monitors.In addition to by wavefront measurement data investigation to the image of patient's eye, also can be in the difference of same screen Be adjacent on display window or show individually on different display/monitors wavefront measurements (and other survey Amount result, such as from those of imageing sensor and low coherence interferometer).

Compared with prior art Wavefront sensor electronics system, this electronics system shows at master computer & Module 610 is configured to offer and includes making live eye image and order wavefront measurement data syn-chronization and simultaneously by by wavefront Information superposition is on live eye image or be close to live eye image to be displayed side by side wavefront information synchronized to show The back-end processing aspect of information is different.It addition, front-end electronics inside order wavefront sensor module 615 (as Soon will discuss) with locking mode operation order in real time ophthalmology Wavefront sensor and be configured to will with live eyes figure The wave front data treated as the front end of data syn-chronization sends to master computer and display module 610.

Fig. 7 shows the front end electronics processing system 700 that resides in the wavefront sensor module 615 shown in Fig. 6 The block diagram of one example embodiment.In this embodiment, (such as CCD or cmos image sense live image camera module 705 Device/camera) provide patient's eye live image, the data of this live image are sent to master computer as shown in Figure 6 With display module 610 so that on the live image of the wave front data eyes that can be superimposed on patient.Front-end processing system 710 quilt To SLD driving, (in addition to making SLD pulsation, it can also carry out as the most about Fig. 1 and 2 electronics coupled with control circuit 715 The SLD light beam discussed focuses on and SLD optical beam steering), to wavefront scanner drive circuit 720 and sense detector to position Circuit 725.Compared with prior art Wavefront sensor electronics system, if presently disclosed front end electronics processing system has Dry feature, when in one way or making it for real-time ophthalmology wavefront measurement and display time another way combines, especially exists It is different and also favourable during ophthalmic refractive cataract operation.It is with arteries and veins for creating the light source from the wavefront of eyes Punching and/or train of pulse (burst) pattern operate.Pulse recurrence rate or the two-dimensional CCD/cmos image sensor of frequency ratio standard Typical frame rate (it is typically about 25 to 30Hz (being commonly called number of pictures per second)) high (typically in the range of kHz On or).Additionally, position sensing detector is two-dimentional, it has the response of sufficiently high temporal frequency so that it can be with With the lock-in detection pattern operation Tong Bu higher than the light-pulse generator under the frequency of 1/f noise frequency range.Front-end processing system 710 Driven by least electronics coupled to SLD and control circuit 715, wavefront scanner drive circuit 720 and position sensing detector Circuit 725.Front-end electronics is configured to phase-locked light source, wavefront scanner and the operation of position sensing detector.

It addition, front-end processing system 710 also can be by electronics coupled to internal fixing and LED drive circuit 730 and inside Calibration target positioning circuit 735.In addition to this inside of driving except being discussed with reference to Fig. 1 and 2 the most before is fixed, LED drives electricity Road 730 can include multiple LED driver and be used for driving other LED, including indicator LED, eyes fact image camera Flood lighting LED and for eye distance based on triangulation range finding LED.Internal calibration target positioning circuit 735 Can be used for the generation activating reference wavefront to be measured for calibration/verification purpose by order Wavefront sensor.

Front-end and back-end electronic processing system includes one or more digital processing unit and the storage of non-transient computer-readable Device is for storage executable program code and data.Various driving circuits 715-735 can be implemented as hardwire electricity Road, digital processing system or a combination thereof as known in the art.

Fig. 8 shows and can be moved in wavefront relaying beam path to create one or more reference wavefronts for interior The exemplary internal calibration of portion's calibration and/or checking and/or checking target 802/832/852.In one embodiment, internal calibration And/or checking target include lens (such as non-spherical lens) 804 and diffusely (diffusely) reflection or scattering material, The most a piece of diffuse-reflectance plate (spectralon) 806.This diffuse-reflectance plate 806 can be positioned so that rear Jiao at non-spherical lens 804 Face or exceed this back focal plane short distance.Can be with antireflection coating non-spherical lens 804 to be greatly reduced from lens itself Any direct reflection.

When internal calibration and/or checking target 802 are moved in wavefront relaying beam path, it will be by such as magnetic Stopper (not shown) stops so that non-spherical lens 804 is centered and relays light shaft coaxle with wavefront.SLD light beam is subsequently Direct reflection with minimum is intercepted by non-spherical lens and SLD light beam will be gathered by non-spherical lens the most to a certain extent Burnt to fall on diffuse-reflectance plate 806 as hot spot.Owing to diffuse-reflectance plate is arranged to highly diffuse reflect and/or scatter , thus from the light of the return of diffuse-reflectance plate, the cone 812 to dissipate is passed through aspheric as form and at back-propagation After the lens of face, it will become the light beam 814 of high divergence or convergence.

The position of internal calibration target as shown in figs. 1 and 2 is at the first lens 104/204 and polarization beam apparatus 174/ Somewhere between 274, the light beam the most somewhat dissipating or assembling of back-propagation will be equivalent to from being positioned at The light beam of the point source of the above or below of the object plane of one lens 104/204.In other words, internal calibration and/or checking target Before the convergence of the eyes that the reference wavefront created is equivalent under self-test or diverging wave.

In one embodiment, diffuse-reflectance plate can be designed relative to the actual axial position of non-spherical lens so that can make The similar wavefront from aphakia eyes of reference wavefront.In another embodiment, the actual axially position of diffuse-reflectance plate can be designed Put so that the reference wavefront therefore created can be made from facing or bathomorphic wavefront similar.

Although it should be noted that, we use non-spherical lens here, but spherical lens and any other type of lens, Add spherical lens including cylinder or the spherical lens that even tilts can be used for creating the reference in specific intended wave front aberration Wavefront is for calibration and/or checking.In one embodiment, diffuse-reflectance plate can also be changed continuously relative to non-spherical lens Position so that inside create wavefront can have continuous variable dioptric optical value so that design diopter measurement The integral calibration of the Wavefront sensor in scope is possibly realized.

In another embodiment, internal calibration target can be simply a piece of most basic diffuse-reflectance plate 836.In this situation In, the requirement of the stop position of this sheet diffuse-reflectance plate 836 can be reduced to any part on smooth diffuse-reflectance plate surface, when When being moved in wavefront relaying beam path, SLD light beam can be intercepted with basic in the landform character supposing diffuse-reflectance plate surface Substantially the same reference wavefront is generated in the case of the most identical.In this case, from the most basic diffuse-reflectance plate of this sheet The light beam sent will be divergent beams 838.

In another embodiment, internal calibration and/or checking target include a piece of most basic diffuse-reflectance plate 866 and tool Having non-spherical lens 854 and the structure of a piece of diffuse-reflectance plate 856, wherein diffuse-reflectance plate (866 and 856) can be monolithic. The mechanism that internal calibration and/or checking target 852 move in wavefront relaying beam path can be had two stoppings: need not It is middle stopping and highly repeatable final magnetic stop position.Intermediate stop position can be used for making Obtain the most basic diffuse-reflectance plate of this sheet and can intercept SLD light beam and highly repeatable stop position can be used for positioning aspheric Face lens plus diffuse-reflectance plate structure so that non-spherical lens is well placed in the middle and coaxial with wavefront relaying beam optical axis.With this Mode, can obtain two reference wavefronts (864 and 868) and therefore use internal calibration target whether to check ssystem transfer function Showing or whether there are any needs to compensate any misalignment of wavefront relay optical system by design.

Owing to the difference of the amount of the amount of the light returned from the real eye light to returning from a piece of diffuse-reflectance plate, optical attenuator Device (such as neutral-density filter and/or polariser) can be included in internal calibration and/or checking target and be set Put non-spherical lens above or below with decay light so that it is about the same with the light from real eye.Alternatively, The thickness of diffuse-reflectance plate can be properly selected only to make the light of desired amount can by diffusely back scattering and/or reflection and thoroughly Penetrate light to be absorbed by light absorbing material (not shown in FIG. 8).

One embodiment of the present of invention is to make front-end processing system 710 drive with position sensing detector circuit 725 and SLD Dynamic device and control circuit 715 connect.Owing to position sensor detector is probably parallel multichannel position sensor detector, Thus in order to make it have the response of sufficiently high temporal frequency, it can be quad detectors/sensor, the sense of transversal effect position Survey detector, photodiode arrays are tieed up in parallel little 2 or other.In quad detectors/sensor or transversal effect position In the case of sensing detector, it is usually present 4 parallel signalling channels.As will be discussed later, front-end processing system based on Calculating ratio tolerance (ratio-metric) X and Y value is come from the signal amplitude of each in 4 passages (A, B, C and D). In addition to standard practices, front-end processing system can (according to user intention) automatically regulate SLD output and variable gain put The gain of big device independent for each passage or for all passages together so that sensing detector in position for falling On all sequential samplings wavelet before the final output amplified of A, B, C and D value of Image Speckle be optimized for most preferably Signal to noise ratio.It is desirable, because the optical signalling returned from patient's eye (myopia, can be faced and far according to refractive status Depending on), surgical state (Phakic, aphakia and pseudo-crystalline lens) and the cataractous degree of eyes and change.

Fig. 9 A and 9B shows and completes the task of automatic SLD index and digital auto-gain compensative to optimize by servomechanism The embodiment of the electronic device block diagram of signal to noise ratio, and Figure 10 show with process stream the block diagram example embodiment as form.

Seeing Fig. 9 A, microprocessor 901 is coupled to the memory element 905 with the code being stored therein and data. Microprocessor 901 is also coupled to SLD 911, via having via the SLD driver and control circuit 915 with digital-to-analogue conversion The MEMS scanner drive circuit 925 of digital-to-analogue conversion is coupled to MEMS scanner 921 and via compound transimpedance amplifier 933, analog-digital converter 935 and variable gain digital amplifier 937 are coupled to PSD 931.

It should be noted that PSD in this example is the quad detectors with four passages, these four passages cause four Final amplifier digital output A, B, C and D, is therefore accordingly, there are four and meets transimpedance amplifier, four analog-digital converters With four variable gain digital amplifiers, although the most only depict in each one.

In order to these points, the content that we will repeat to have discussed in US7445335 with reference to Fig. 9 B briefly are described. Assuming that order Wavefront sensor is used for wavefront sampling and has the PSD quad detectors of four photosensitive regions A, B, C and D 931 are used to indicate that before sampled wavelet as shown in fig. 9b to incline in the local in terms of the centroid position of Image Speckle position Tiltedly.If relative to the sub-wavefront focusing lens before quad detectors 931 with normal angle incidence before wavelet, then examine at quadrant Image Speckle 934 on survey device 931 will be located in center and four photosensitive regions will receive same amount of light, and each region produces There is the signal of same intensity.On the other hand, if with angle of inclination deviation vertical incidence (it is assumed that point to upper right side before wavelet To), then the Image Speckle in quad detectors will be far from center and formed (as by shown in Image Speckle 938 towards upper right as Limit is mobile).

Can use following equation by the deviation at barycenter and center (x=0, y=0) (x, y) approximation is to single order:

x = \frac{(B + C) - (A + D)}{A + B + C + D}

(1)

y = \frac{(A + B) - (C + D)}{A + B + C + D}

Wherein A, B, C and D represent the signal intensity of each corresponding photosensitive region and the denominator (A+ of quad detectors B+C+D) be used for AVHRR NDVI so that desirable delustring source strength fluctuation impact.It should be noted that, according to centroid position Calculating local dip aspect, equation (1) is not entirely accurate, but it is a good approximation.In practice, may There is a need to use some mathematical operations and built-in algorithms to correct the Image Speckle site error that can be caused by the equation further.

See Figure 10, start step 1002 place, front end microprocessor 901 preferably by SLD initial setting up to according to eyes Security document (document) requires the so much output level allowed.Can be initially with determined by final period Value or such as generally the intermediate value of selection to be arranged the gain of variable gain digital amplifier 937 this moment.

Next step (1004) is to check that variable gain digital amplifier finally exports A, B, C and D.If it find that A, B, C Amplified final output with D value is positioned at desired signal strength range, and (it can be identical for each passage ), then process stream mobile to step 1006, in step 1006 place, the gain of variable gain digital amplifier is maintained at setting At value.If in final output any one or all under desired signal strength range, then such as by step 1008 institute Show and can increase gain and as by then checking final output shown in step 1010.If final output is positioned at desired scope In, then as arranged, with the value of a little higher than currency, the signal intensity that gain causes to overcome fluctuation by step 1012 Suo Shi, its Can make finally to export and again reach outside desired scope.If final output still under desired signal strength range also And as shown in be checked by step 1014, gain is also not reaching to its maximum, the most repeatable increase gain according to step 1008 And according to step 1010 check final output process until final output fall in the range of and as by shown in step 1012 Gain is set.One possible exception scene is when as by shown in step 1014, when gain being increased to its maximum, Finally export still under desired scope.In this case, as by shown in step 1016, gain will be arranged on it At big value and still can process data, but as by shown in step 1018, a statement can be presented to notify his/her ripple to terminal use It is invalid that the most weak therefore data of front signal are probably.

On the other hand, if any one finally exported in A, B, C and D is on desired signal strength range, Then as by reducing the gain of variable gain digital amplifier step 1020 Suo Shi and as final by checking step 1022 Suo Shi Output.If all final outputs are positioned at desired scope, then as by the value that can be slightly less than currency step 1024 Suo Shi Arranging the signal intensity that gain causes to overcome fluctuation, it can make finally to export and again reach outside desired scope.If Eventually any one in output is still on desired signal strength range and as checked in step 1026 place, gain is also It is not reaching to its minima, the most repeatable reduce gain according to step 1020 and check the mistake of final output according to step 1022 In the range of journey all falls within until final output and as by arranging gain step 1024 Suo Shi.

But, there is the gain when checking in step 1026 place and reached its minima and finally exported A, B, C and D In one or more still probabilities on desired signal strength range.In this case, as in step 1028 Shown in gain is maintained at its minima and as by reducing SLD output step 1030 Suo Shi.It is exported reducing SLD After check in step 1032 place and finally to export A, B, C and D and if it find that final A, B, C and D export in desired scope, The most then as arranged, with the level of slightly less than current level, the signal change that SLD output causes to overcome fluctuation by step 1034 Suo Shi Changing, it can make finally to export and again reach outside desired scope.If finally export in A, B, C and D one or more still So on desired scope and according to 1036 inspection step, SLD output is also not reaching to zero, the most repeatable as by step Minimizing SLD shown in 1030 exports and if the process by inspection final A, B, C and D output shown in step 1032 is until them Reach desired scope and as by arranging SLD output step 1034 Suo Shi.Only exception is that SLD output has reached zero And one or more still on desired scope in final A, B, C and D output.Even if this means do not have SLD defeated Go out, however it remains strong wavefront signals.This only can occur when there is electronics or optical interference or crosstalk.We can be as by step SLD output is maintained at shown in 1038 at zero and as by step 1040 Suo Shi to terminal use's transmission exist high reject signal because of The message of this data invalid.

In addition to the above, as an alternative, terminal use also can manually control SLD output and variable gain number The gain of word amplifier is until he/her thinks that true wavefront measurements is gratifying.

It should be noted that, the example embodiment be given in Fig. 9 A and 9B and Figure 10 is only used for realizing improving signal to noise ratio Same target much may in modes one, therefore it should be considered concept is described.Such as, starting at step, There is no absolute needing SLD output setting to the so much level allowed according to ocular safety documentation requirements.Can be just Begin to arrange SLD output with any any level and regulate this SLD output until the most defeated together with amplifier gain subsequently Go out A, B, C and D to fall in desired scope.Initially SLD output is arranged to the advantage of relatively high level be at optics or In photonics, maximizing OSNR before any photoelectron is changed.But, this is not meant to that other selects Will not prove effective.It is true that even can initially SLD output be arranged at zero and together with amplifier gain regulation gradually Ground increases SLD output until final A, B, C and D output falls in desired scope.In this case, by existence to processing stream Order and the corresponding change of details.These changes should be considered within the scope and spirit of this.

Another embodiment of the disclosure is the position using compound transimpedance amplifier to amplify order ophthalmology Wavefront sensor Confidence number.Figure 11 show can be used for amplify from any one in four Quadrant photo diodes of quad detectors as One example embodiment of the compound transimpedance amplifier of the signal of limit (such as, D1).This circuit is used in as illustrated in figure 9 a Position sensing detector circuit in.At this in compound transimpedance amplifier, electric current to voltage conversion ratio rate by feedback resistor The value (such as, it can be 22 megohms) of R1 is determined and is mated with Operational Character U1A by resistor R2 Input.Shunt capacitor C1 and C2 can be the parasitic capacitance of resistor R1 and R2 or be added to the little electric capacity of feedback loop Device.The stability of transimpedance amplifier and high-frequency noise reduce resistor R3, the capacitor C3 come in free feedback loop 1150 and The low pass filter that operational amplifier U2A is formed.In this circuit arrangement ,+Vref is that certain between earth potential and+Vcc is just joined Examine voltage.Owing to output signal (output A) is proportional to R1, but noise is proportional to the square root of R1, thus signal to noise ratio is with R1 Square root proportionally increase (owing to it is noise control by Johnson (Johnson) of R1).

Notice that prior art high bandwidth Wavefront sensor the most only uses the transimpedance amplifier of standard rather than is combined mutually Impedance amplifier (see, e.g., S.Abado et al., " Two-dimensional High-Bandwidth Shack- Hartmann Wavefront Sensor:Design Guidelines and Evaluation Testing ", Optical Engineering, 49 (6), in June, 064403,2010.).It addition, prior art Wavefront sensor be not purely order and It is in one way or another way is parallel.Additionally, they do not face and face with at present order ophthalmology Wavefront sensor Identical weak but synchronize and the challenge of pulse optical signal.Apply to order ophthalmology at presently disclosed compound transimpedance amplifier The amplification aspect of the optical signalling in Wavefront sensor, when in one way or another way combine time, currently disclose with this The feature that is associated uniquely of compound transimpedance amplifier include following: (1) is in order to improve electric current to voltage converting accuracy, base The feedback resistor value of the selection of the R1 mated by resistor R2 in basis is the highest；(2) in order to reduce from R1's and R2 The noise contribution of big resistance value maintains enough signal bandwidths, two shunt capacitor C1 and C2 to have low-down electricity simultaneously Capacitance；(3) low pass filter formed by R3, C3 and the U2A in feedback loop is greatly improved stability and also significantly Degree decreases the high-frequency noise of transimpedance amplifier；(4) in order to realize lock-in detection, reference voltage+Vref is phase locked to SLD With the DC signal of the suitably scaling driving signal of MEMS scanner, and it is between earth potential and+Vcc.Additionally, in order to Realize optimum signal-noise ratio, preferably select the quad detectors of the Terminal Capacitance with minimum；And in order to avoid in four quadrants Any two between any shunt conductance, the preferably good channel separation between all quadrants.

In addition to above circuit, also can be by AC by the optical signalling of position sensing detector conversion to analog current signal It coupled to the transimpedance amplifier of routine and amplified by the transimpedance amplifier of this routine, and examining with the locking of standard subsequently Slowdown monitoring circuit combines the small-signal that otherwise can be flooded by the noise that can be substantially larger than signal interested with recovery.Figure 12 shows this One example embodiment of combination.From the output signal of transimpedance amplifier 1295 at blender 1296 with (that is, being multiplied by) The output being locked to drive the phaselocked loop 1297 of SLD the reference signal that makes SLD pulse mixes.Make the output of blender 1296 With remove mixed signal and frequency component and select the time constant of low pass filter to reduce through low pass filter 1298 The noise bandwidth of equivalence.Can by another amplifier 1299 amplify further low-pass filtered signal for further along Modulus (A/D) conversion that signal path is downward.

To the replacement of above lock detecting circuit be just light SLD activated before record " secretly " level A/D change with And just light SLD with record " bright " level after activate A/D conversion.This difference can be calculated subsequently to remove the impact of interference. Another embodiment is that just after lighting SLD, activation A/D conversion or record " bright " level ignore " secretly " level, such as dried fruits simultaneously Disturb if impact is minimum.

In addition to optical signalling testing circuit, the electronically controlled parts of next key are wavefront scanner/shift units. In one embodiment, wavefront scanner/shift unit is the electromagnetism MEMS (MEMS) driven by four D/A converters Mirror is handled in simulation, and these four D/A converters are by microprocessor control.In one example, two passages in D/A converter are defeated Go out 90 degree of separate sine curves in phase place, and other two passage output X and Y DC offset voltages are adopted to handle wavefront The center of sample annulus.Amplitude before sinusoidal and cosine electron waves determines the diameter of wavefront sampling annulus, can change this diameter with Adapt to various eye pupil diameter and with the desired diameter in eye pupil region wavefront one or more annulus week Enclose and sample wittingly.Also can control the aspect ratio of X and Y amplitude to guarantee that complete circle sweeps when mirror is to offside reflection wavefront light beam Retouch.

Figure 13 A to 13F shows and makes how MEMS scanner and SLD impulsive synchronization create as wavefront is by with circle permutation The identical result of multiple detectors sampling.

In figure 13a, orientation MEMS 1312 is so that when launching (fire) SLD pulse, whole wavefront moves down. In this case, sample in the part at the top of circular wavefront part in aperture 1332.

In Figure 13 B, wavefront is moved to the left so that an aperture sampling part on the right of circular wavefront part, is scheming In 13C, wavefront is upwardly so that the aperture sampling part in the bottom of circular wavefront part and in Figure 13 D, ripple Before move right so that the aperture sampling part on the left side of circular wavefront part.

In another example, SLD can Tong Bu with MEMS scanner and can launch 8 SLD pulses with allow according to each Individual MEMS scanning rotates and therefore each wavefront sampling annulus rotates 8 sub-wavefront of sampling.Timing SLD impulse ejection so that Obtain the X of 4 odd numbers in 8 pulses or even pulse and MEMS scanner and Y-axis is directed at and other 4 pulses are disposed in The midway on ring between X and Y-axis.Figure 13 F shows that MEMS scanning rotates the gained pattern launching position with relative SLD. It should be noted that, the quantity of SLD pulse needs not be limited to 8 and can be any quantity, SLD pulse need not in time It is equally spaced, and they need not be directed at the X of MEMS scanner and Y-axis.

As an alternative, such as, the most fixed by the pulse launched relative to the driving signal change SLD of MEMS scanner Time and/or quantity, can along the wavefront sampling front sampling location of annulus advanced wave with select wavefront to be sampled part and Also realize the higher spatial resolution in terms of sampling wavefront.Figure 14 is shown in which 8 by slight delay SLD pulse The example of 15 ° is moved away from those shown in Figure 13 F in individual wavefront sampling location.

Substitute as another, if inclined with 15 ° on 0 ° on the first frame, the second frame and 30 ° on the 3rd frame Move angle sampling wavefront and repeat this pattern, then, when jointly processing the data from multiple frames, the space that can increase is divided Resolution sampling wavefront.Figure 15 shows this pattern.Noting, the available any desired but timing accuracy of reality realizes This frame one by one in the initial transmissions time of SLD cumulative to realize along any desired sky of any ring-type wavefront sampling ring Between resolution.It addition, driven the change of the amplitude of signal by the sine and cosine combining MEMS scanner, also can sample and have The different annular of different-diameter.In this way, it is possible to the radial direction of polar coordinate system and any desired in both angle dimensions Spatial resolution realizes the sequential sampling of whole wavefront.It should be noted that, this order wavefront being only the most possible scans/adopts An example in sample prescription case.Such as, similar method can be applied to the situation of raster scanning.

As it has been described above, with reference to Fig. 9 B, explaining the sampling of the different order on position sensor device/detector (PSD) Wavelet before the centroid position aspect of Image Speckle, the well-known ratiometer equation of standard can be used.Preferably quadrant detection Device or transversal effect position sensing detector are used as PSD and its X-Y axle is aligned at the taking of X-Y axle of MEMS scanner So that they have identical X and Y-axis in, although this is not absolutely required.In the case of such as quad detectors, Can based on from the signal intensity of each in four quadrants A, B, C and D by Image Speckle before the wavelet of sequential sampling Ratiometer X and Y value are expressed as:

X=(A+B C D)/(A+B+C+D)

Y=(A+D B C)/(A+B+C+D)

Generally, these ratio evaluations of X and Y do not directly give lateral displacement or the position of the pin-point accuracy of barycenter, because The response of such as quad detectors or clearance distance, the function of Image Speckle size, this Image Speckle size depends on some Factor, including before sampled wavelet local average tilt and local dissipate/assemble and before wavelet sampled aperture shape and Size.One embodiment of the present of invention is that amendment relation or equation are so that can more accurately determining sampled wavelet and leaning forward Tiltedly.

In one embodiment, ratiometer measurement result and actual barycenter displacement are determined in theory and/or experimentally Between relation and revise ratiometer expression formula to react centroid position more accurately.Figure 16 shows ratiometer estimation and edge An example of the relation determined in theory between X or actual barycenter displacement or the position of Y-axis.

Owing to this is non-linear, the approximate inverse of this effect can be applied to original equation to produce ratiometer (X, Y) and reality Modified relation between centroid position (X ', Y ').It is an example of this reverse-power below.

X '=PrimeA*X/ (1 X²/PrimeB)

Y '=PrimeB*Y/ (1 Y²/PrimeB)

Wherein PrimeA and PrimeB is constant.

It should be noted that, relation illustrated above or equation are illustrative, it is not intended to be and can be used for realizing identical mesh The restriction of the possible method of target.It is true that above amendment is specific for when its Image Speckle shifts only along X or Y-axis Centroid position before the sampled wavelet of intensity distributions.If Image Speckle all shifts on X and Y, then needs are entered The amendment of one step, especially if it is desire to higher certainty of measurement.In an example embodiment, can set up according to (X, Y) Between ratiometer result and the actual centroid position (X ', Y ') of quad detectors report with data matrix as form experimentally The relation that determines and reverse relation can be set up with by each (X, Y) data point conversion to new barycenter (X ', Y ') data Point.

Figure 17 shows the relation illustrating how to perform to calibrate to obtain amendment and causes wave front aberration more accurately The example flow diagram measured.In first step 1705, can use such as from eye model or from as different ripple can be produced Before the various devices of wavefront manipulator of distorting lens of (such as there is difference dissipate and assemble or there is different wave front aberration) Create wavefront.In second step 1710, and real centroid position before different sampled wavelets (X ', Y ') can be with experiment On the ratio evaluation (X, Y) that records compare obtaining the relation between (X ', Y ') and (X, Y).Meanwhile, can obtain calibrated Inclination of wave front and therefore dioptric value confrontation heart data point position.In third step 1715, measurement can be made up of real eye And the relation obtained can be used for determining centroid position the sampled wavelet top rake therefore from real eye.? In 4th step 1720, centroid position or inclination determined by before sampled wavelet can be used for determining the ripple of real eye Front aberration or refractive error.

It should be noted that, the step that the first and second calibrations are correlated with can be held for each wavefront sensor system built Row once and can repeat the third and fourth step for so much real eye measurement that such as people like.But, this It is not meant to that calibration steps should only do once.It is true that it is useful for periodically repeating these calibration steps.

As an embodiment of the disclosure, the internal calibration driven by microprocessor as illustrated in figure 9 a can be used Target is recalibration step frequently or the calibration of part by manufacturer or terminal use's preference.Such as, as by terminal User is desired, whenever system be powered or even real eye each time measure before can be automatically or manually by interior Portion's calibration target temporarily moves in optical wavefront relaying beam path.Internal calibration need not provide as the most comprehensive Calibration is incited somebody to action or available all of data point.On the contrary, internal calibration target needs only provide for some data points.Utilize these numbers Strong point, can confirm experimentally the optical alignment of Wavefront sensor whether be intact or such as variations in temperature and/or Any environmental factors of mechanical shock etc has disturbed the optical alignment of Wavefront sensor.Therefore, this by determining is No need to carry out completely new integrated correction or whether correction based on certain little (minor) software will be sufficient to ensure that accurately Real eye wavefront measurement.Alternatively, the reference wavefront aberration using internal calibration target to record can calculate Wavefront sensor Inherent optics system aberration that optical system has and can drawing by deducting optical system from the overall wavefront aberration recorded Wave front aberration determine real eye wave front aberration.

As another embodiment of the disclosure, calibration target (interiorly or exteriorly) may be additionally used for determining that SLD launches pulse And initial time delay between MEMS mirror scan position or along use before certain wave annulus the front sampling location of wavelet and Deviation angle between MEMS mirror scan position.Identical calibration steps may be additionally used for determining that SLD launch time is relative to MEMS The most whether scanning mirror position the most accurately and if there is any difference with the accuracy of certain desired, can hold Row correction based on electronic device hardware or correction based on pure software are with intense adjustment SLD launch time or MEMS turntable driving Signal.

As the another embodiment of the disclosure, if calibration (interiorly or exteriorly) if detect optical alignment close or In real eye measurement situation, find that eyes are not placed in optimum position, but be positioned at and utilize software correction still can carry out ripple In the range of pre-test, then as explained with reference to Fig. 4, regulation based on software can be performed this to cater to (cater for) Misalignment.

In another example embodiment, if adopted from calibration target or around the annulus of the wavefront of real eye generation 8 sub-wavefront of sample and find to exist the prism of the wavefront moved or from patient's eye as such as PSD lateral attitude (prismatic) the wavelet top rake that 8 of the result of inclination of wave front record centroid trajectory off-centring (X ' (i), Y ' (i)), wherein i=0,1,2 ..., 7, then can perform the translation of (X ', Y ') cartesian coordinate so that 8 data points are given newly Cartesian coordinate (Xtr, Ytr) and be expressed as new one group data point (Xtr (i), Ytr (i)), wherein i=0,1, 2 ..., 7, wherein bunch (cluster) center of barycenter data point is now centered by new initial point (Xtr=0, Ytr=0).With This mode, before can will causing being derived from such as wavelet, sampled aperture and position sense the entirety of the misalignment between detector/equipment Any impact of the outward appearance of prism inclination of wave front filters out from the wavefront recorded.As result, remaining data can be made to process Concentrate in the higher order aberrations calculating refractive error and/or wavefront.

Notice that order wavefront sampling has it and us can be made at the place of annulus up-sampling and the son of each independent sampling The displacement of wavefront centroid position is mutually related Inherent advantage.

As it has been described above, usage rate meter X and Y value determine the displacement of the barycenter of sampled wavefront part, this ratiometer X Calculate from the output signal generated by PSD with Y value.The position of these output valves forms geometrical pattern, can by front end or Backend electronics processing system analyzes these geometrical patterns to determine the ophthalmology characteristic of measured's eyes.This is shown in Fig. 9 C The formation of a little patterns and analysis.In Fig. 9 C, these displacements are depicted as they are shown on a monitor.But, In other example embodiment, these displacements are by handled by algorithm and not necessarily displaying to the user that, these algorithms are by front-end processing System performs as software.

Fig. 9 C shows plane wave front, defocuses and the phase in astigmatism, quad detectors after sub-wavefront focusing lens The multiple representative situation of the Image Speckle position of association and the phase when on a monitor as 2D data point pattern displaying The sequential movements of the centroid position answered.Note, replace being plotted as identical by multiple being sampled with the wavefront of the movement projected Before different wavelets on sub-wavefront focusing lens and quad detectors, we have employed above by reference to described by Figure 13 A-E The expression of equivalence so that before drawing multiple wavelet around identical annulus and correspondingly, draw around identical annulus The different piece of wavefront is scanned to single sub-wavefront focusing lens and single quad detectors by multiple quad detectors to represent Situation.

As by shown in arrow 9009, it is assumed that we begin around the scanning of wavefront annulus and with clockwise before the wavelet of top Direction is moved to second wavelet on the right and by that analogy.From Fig. 9 C, when wavefront is plane wave 9001, all of (such as, 9002) Image Speckle 9003 will be formed in the center of quad detectors 9004 and as result, monitor before wavelet Centroid trajectory 9005 on 9006 is also by always at the initial point of x-y.

When as by shown in 9011, before incoming wave be dissipate time, before each wavelet in the Image Speckle 9013 of 9012 The heart will be positioned at from wavefront the most laterally with the deviating from of center equivalent away from quad detectors 9014, and as result, prison Track 9015 on visual organ 9016 by be from tip position 9017 start as by the circle clockwise indicated by arrow 9018.Another Aspect, if as by shown in 9021, when being to assemble before incoming wave, the center of the Image Speckle 9023 of 9022 before each wavelet The radially-inwardly side at wavefront center will be located relative to deviating from of the center equivalent away from quad detectors 9024.As result, Centroid trajectory 9025 on monitor 9026 will be round, but will start from bottom position 9027 and will be as by arrow Clockwise indicated by 9028.Therefore, when the sign change of x-axle centroid position and y-axle centroid position being detected, Convergent beam or vice versa is changed to from divergent beams before instruction incoming wave.Additionally, the starting point of centroid trajectory also serves as finger That dissipate before showing incoming wave or assemble standard.

Also can find out from Fig. 9 C, when before incoming wave being astigmatism, can occur the wavefront can be at Vertical Square as shown in 9031a Be upwards dissipate and as shown in 9031b in the horizontal direction be assemble.As result, the matter of 9033a before vertical wavelet Heart position will be located in relative to incoming wave before the most outside and horizontal wavelet before the centroid position of 9033b will be located in phase The most inside for before incoming wave.Therefore, the centroid trajectory 9035 on monitor 9036 will leave from tip position 9037 Beginning but the most mobile as shown in arrow 9038, therefore centroid trajectory rotates and is reversed now.

Use similar argument, if it can be appreciated that before incoming wave being astigmatism but be all to dissipate before all wavelets Or all assemble, then the rotation of centroid trajectory will be clockwise (that is, non-return), but, during for astigmatism, The track of the barycenter on monitor is by being elliptical rather than circle, because comparing along other before the wavelet of an astigmatism axle Those of axle will more dissipate or assemble.

For the wavefront of more generally astigmatism, centroid trajectory will with oval or circular trace rotates in inverse direction or Centroid trajectory will rotate with the direction that turns clockwise normally but this track will be oval.Oval axle can be located at relative in Any radial direction of the heart, it is by the axle of instruction astigmatism.In this case, 4 sub-wavefront around annulus may be not enough to It is accurately determined the axle of astigmatism and can sample (such as 8,16 or 32 rather than 4) before more wavelet around annulus.

Sum it up, for the spheric wave front that dissipates from the such as human eye spheric wave front to assembling, around eyes pupil It is disposed in, by causing, the order barycenter data point that circumference encloses before the wavelet of the annulus sequential sampling in hole, but wherein depends on wavefront That dissipate or convergence, each data point falls at different opposed portions.In other words, for the wavefront dissipated, such as, If it is desirable that a certain data point (such as, i=0) be in specific location (such as, (Xtr (0), Ytr (0))=(0, 0.5))；So for same ball radius surface but before the convergent wave of distinct symbols, it is desirable to this same data point is in opposition position Put place (such as, (Xtr (0), Ytr (0))=(0 ,-0.5)).On the other hand, if original wavefront has sphere and cylinder component Both, then barycenter data point by depict can be the ellipse of normal ellipse of revolution, straight line, abnormality or reversely rotate ellipse and Abnormality or reverse rotation circle.Discussed in detail in commonly assigned US7445335 and commonly assigned US8100530 These sights.

One embodiment of the disclosure be use major axis and short axle on the occasion of describing as equivalent ellipsoidal with negative value Barycenter data point.Such as, the wavefront that entirety dissipates can be defined as positive major axis and short axle and the overall ripple assembled Before can be defined as producing " negative " major axis and short axle.

Figure 18 shows that the figure of the order ellipse using trigonometric function to express formula represents, wherein U (t)=a cos (t), The radius that V (t)=b sin (t), a are the radiuses of relatively great circle and b is relatively roundlet.As can be seen at a > b > 0 i.e. a and b both of which In the case of just, oval rotation counterclockwise.Therefore these on ellipse point can represent have sphere and cylindricalical error The barycenter displacement sequentially calculated before the overall diverging wave of component, the degree wherein dissipated is for horizontally and vertically It is different.If a=b, then oval would indicate that the spheric wave front dissipated, the degree wherein dissipated is for horizontal direction and vertical Direction is identical.Assume 0 < t₀< the t of pi/2₀Value, point (U (t₀), V (t₀)) by the first quartile of U-V cartesian coordinate.

Note in this particular example of Figure 18, and in Figure 19,20 and 21, we have assumed that cartesian coordinate axes U and V is directed at quad detectors axle x and y and simultaneously, we are also it is hypothesized that astigmatism axle is also along x or y-axis.Therefore, as Ellipse shown in Figure 18 to 21 is oriented to level or vertical.

If major axis and short axle are negative, then they can be expressed as a and b.In this situation as shown in Figure 19, Corresponding order is oval expressed by U (t)=-a cos (t), V (t)=-b sin (t), wherein a > b > 0 ,-a and both-b It is negative.This will cause the ellipse still rotated counterclockwise.This can be considered expression and have sphere and cylindricalical error component Before both overall convergent waves, the degree wherein assembled is for being horizontally and vertically different.If a=b, then its Would indicate that the spheric wave front of convergence, the degree wherein assembled is for being horizontally and vertically identical.At 0 < t₀<π/2 T₀In the case of value, point (U (t₀), V (t₀)) now by the third quadrant of U-V cartesian coordinate, compared to the point of Figure 18 (U(t₀), V (t₀)), it is on the opposite of zero.

If major axis is just and short axle is negative, then they can be expressed as a and b.In this situation as shown in Figure 20 In, corresponding order is oval expressed by U (t)=a cos (t), V (t)=-b sin (t), and wherein a > b > 0, a are just, and And-b is negative.This starts, from fourth quadrant, the ellipse that turns clockwise by causing.This can be considered expression and have sphere and cylinder The horizontal divergence of both refractive error components and the wavefront of vertical convergence, wherein the degree of horizontal divergence and vertical convergence is different 's.If a=b, then before it would indicate that the cylindrical wave of horizontal divergence and vertical convergence, wherein horizontal divergence and the journey of vertical convergence Degree is identical.At 0 < t₀< the t of pi/2₀In the case of value, point (U (t₀), V (t₀)) now by the 4th of U-V cartesian coordinate In quadrant.

If major axis is just for negative and short axle, then they can be expressed as-a and b.In this situation as shown in Figure 21 In, corresponding order is oval expressed by U (t)=-a cos (t), V (t)=b sin (t), and wherein a > b > 0 ,-a are negative, and And b is just.This starts, from the second quadrant, the ellipse that turns clockwise by causing.This can be considered expression has sphere and cylinder and bends The horizontal convergence of both optical path difference components and the wavefront of vertical divergence, wherein the degree of horizontal convergence and vertical divergence is different 's.If a=b, then before it would indicate that the cylindrical wave of horizontal convergence and vertical divergence, wherein horizontal convergence and the journey of vertical divergence Degree is identical.At 0 < t₀< the t of pi/2₀In the case of value, point (U (t₀), V (t₀)) now by the second of U-V cartesian coordinate Point (U (t in quadrant, compared to Figure 20₀), V (t₀)), it is on the opposite of zero.

Note distributing before diverging wave to " just " being arbitrary to " bearing " axle and can being reversed, if we at them it Between make a distinction.The positive direction of these axles the most commutative.Such as, U axle can be directed upwards towards rather than point to the right and V axle can With point on the right of rather than be directed upwards towards.In this case, as shown in Figure 22, from being adopted by the plane represented by dotted line In the spheric wave front dissipated of sample, intended order barycenter data point will be round, wherein by the numeral in Figure 22 and arrow The data point position of instruction gained and polarity.Note the different distribution owing to axle polarity, the order rotation side compared to Figure 18 To, this order direction of rotation changes.Similarly, in same case, as shown in Figure 23, from by putting down represented by dotted line In the spheric wave front of the convergence of place, face sampling, intended order barycenter data point will be round, wherein by the number in Figure 23 Word and arrow indicate data point position and the polarity of gained.When sampled wavefront from for changing to of dissipating for assemble time, Note the exchange to the data point of the numbering of the opposition position in Figure 23 of home position from Figure 22.

One embodiment of the disclosure be use calibration (interiorly or exteriorly) determine data point vectors relative to Xtr or The initial offset angle of Ytr axle.Another embodiment of the disclosure is to another cartesian coordinate by cartesian coordinate (Xtr, Ytr) (U, V) rotation offset angle is so that at least one calibration barycenter data point (such as, i=0 data point (U (0), V (0))) is aligned On U or the V axle of new cartesian coordinate U-V.In this way, data point (U (i), V (i)), wherein i=now it are expressed as 0,1,2 ..., 7, wherein at least one in data point be directed on U or V axle measured by wavelet top rake can be easily Interrelated with ellipse and/or be averaged, as they are on the ellipse of association, wherein elliptic parameter and sampled wavefront Sphere and cylindricalical angle value is interrelated and the cylindrical axes phase of wherein major axis and/or short-axis direction and sampled wavefront Mutual correlation.

Figure 24 shows and to the Xtr-Ytr coordinate through translating and is rotated into further being fitted from original X-Y coordinate Cartesian coordinate translation and rotation to the sequentially U-V coordinate of the barycenter data point of 8 sequential samplings of ellipse.Note for whole Wavefront and shown coordinate axes that body dissipates select, and sequentially direction of rotation is clockwise.In this example, it is first determined 8 Center and the X-Y coordinate of the data point that individual order obtains are translated to Xtr-Ytr coordinate, wherein Xtr-Ytr origin It it is the center of the data point that 8 orders obtain.Then pass through Digital data processing (to have to the ellipse obtaining matching and beg for as front Its corresponding axle polarity of opinion) major axis and short axle and by by the U of the oval major axis of matching or short axle and U-V coordinate or V axle alignment performs coordinate and rotates, and this U-V coordinate has the initial point identical with Xtr-Ytr coordinate.Note in this example, the One data point (point 0) has been directed at U axle or has been positioned on U axle.In the case of more typically, this may be really not so.But, If the first data point (point 0) being directed at U axle and helping data process, then scalable SLD is relative to the driving of MEMS scanner Launch time of signal is so that this alignment is possibly realized and Phase delay between two signals can be used for data and processes Simplification.

Process around the presently disclosed wavefront sampling instances of annulus, coordinate transform and the data that are associated that have can letter Ball-cylinder (sphero-cylinder) dioptric optical value is analytically expressed as the function of (U (i), V (i)) data dot values also by single ground And thus can significantly simplify and extremely fast perform the benefit that data process.In other words, now can be easily by data point (U (i), V (i)) matching to have expression formula U (t)=a cos (t) and V (t)=b sin (t) the position in specification (with Centered by initial point, major axis is along U axle) in ellipse, wherein a and b be respectively major axis and short axle and can have on the occasion of or negative value.

This algorithm enables the real-time high-precision of the eyes wavefront in Larger Dynamic scope and measures.When rotating U, V axle with by ellipse When circle matching is to the position of specification, the axle of oval orientation instruction astigmatism.Further, the size instruction of a and b dissipates and assembles and dissipates The relative size of light component and the direction rotated help to identify which component be dissipate and which component be to assemble.Make For result, the real-time titration of surgical visual correction process can be performed.Especially, real-time wavefront measurements can be used for instructing, and/ Or alignment, and/or limbus of corneae is guided to loosen otomy (LRI) and/or astigmatism keratotomy (AK) and toroid IOL (intraocular lens) rotates titration.

Figure 25 shows the special case of Figure 24,8 barycenter data points in the result of Rotating Transition of Coordinate and U-V coordinate, Wherein left side corresponding to have equal positive major axis and the spheric wave front dissipated of short axle and wherein right side corresponding to having Equal negative major axis and the spheric wave front of the convergence of short axle.When sampled wavefront changes to as convergence from for dissipate Time, note again that the exchange of data point of numbering from home position to opposition position.

When there is astigmatic component and being added on sphere component, as at commonly assigned US7445335 and commonly assigned US8100530 discussed in, depend on the degree that the degree of evanescent light wve top rake tilts compared to spheric wave front, many matter Heart data point trajectories scene occurs.Utilize above-mentioned cartesian coordinate to convert, barycenter data point can depict wherein these At least one in data point be directed at from U or V axle centered by U-V origin but there is different elliptical shapes and take To pattern.The shape of pattern include having positive major axis and the normal ellipse of revolution of the shortest axle, have plus or minus major axis or Person has the straight line of the short axle of plus or minus, has negative major axis and the shortest axle or have positive major axis and the abnormality of negative short axle or reversely revolve Turn oval and there is positive major axis and negative short axle or there is negative major axis and the abnormality of the shortest axle or reversely rotate circle.

Due to our positive measuring sequence wavefront, thus in circular trace situation, we can be three different circular rail Mark pattern (diverging spherical circle, convergence sphere circle and astigmatism reversely rotate circle) makes a distinction, because axle polarity is by collecting ripple The order of front sample is determined.Effectively be associated with an ellipse it is true that astigmatism reversely rotates circle because axle (long or Short) there is the symbol different from another axle (short or long) or polarity.Oval or straight line or reversely rotate circle orientation can from long or Being determined and can be at any angle between 0 and 180 degree in short-axis direction, this is also universal by optometrist and ophthalmologists The practice accepted.It should be noted that, the distribution of major axis and/or short axle is arbitrary, the absolute growth that therefore need not major axis to be grown Absolute growth in short axle.This distribution is intended merely to facilitate the calculating of the refractive error being associated with the wavefront from eyes.

Shall also be noted that except in addition to annulus sampling wavefront, wavefront of can sampling to have different-diameter many Individual annulus or multiple donut.During do so, 2D wave front chart can be obtained and this map is presented to terminal use.By dynamic State ground changes the annulus sampling size of Wavefront sensor, also can run through whole cornea visual field, confirm the aphakia feelings of measured Condition.

In another embodiment, operable MEMS scanning mirror is sampled with the concentric ring by the radius of spiral pattern or change Before wavelet, this allows the detection of higher order aberratons.Zernike can be performed decompose to extract all wave front aberration coefficients, including high-order Aberration, such as SANYE is poor, coma and spherical aberration.Such as, can be when sweep radius is increased or decreased by detecting the horizontal stroke of wavefront Coma is determined to movement.If the quantity of every annulus sample can be divided exactly by 3, then can work as when sweep radius is increased or decreased at point When forming the delta pattern of reversion, detection SANYE is poor.

Any two wavefront can be controlled by the drive signal amplitude controlling SLD launch time and MEMS scanning mirror to sample Effective spacing between point.Except can be realized minimizing of (if aperture is the most variable) by front-end processing system Outside the size of wavefront sampled aperture, also by accurately control SLD launch time and also reduce SLD pulse width and Increase precision in terms of the control of MEMS scanning mirror amplitude or position realizes the higher spatial accuracy/resolution of wavefront and adopts Sample.In this respect, can operate MEMS scanning mirror with closed loop servo pattern, wherein MEMS mirror scan angle monitor signal is fed back to Microprocessor and/or electronic device control system drive signal to realize more preferable scan angle control accuracy to control scan angle. On the other hand, by increasing the size of sampled aperture before wavelet or can even increase the pulse width of SLD and realize more putting down Homogenizing.Therefore, another embodiment of the disclosure is to use electronic device to control SLD and wavefront shift unit/scanner to realize The more equalization of sampling before the degree of precision/resolution sampled before space wave or space wave.Degree of precision/resolution space Wavefront sampling is to sample before desired and average space wave for measurement at sphere and cylinder for higher order aberratons measurements The refractive error of the wavefront in terms of the axle of dioptric value and cylinder or astigmatism is desired.

It should be noted that, the translation of above mentioned cartesian coordinate and rotate only can be used for being easy to refractive error and In the most possible coordinate system conversion of the calculating of wave front aberration one.Such as, the non-of such as polar coordinate etc can be used Cartesian coordinate or coordinate transform based on non-perpendicular axle.Therefore, use coordinate transform to be easy to wave front aberration and dioptric misses The scope of the concept of the calculating of difference should not limited to cartesian coordinate.This conversion can even cartesian coordinate and polar coordinate it Between.

In practice, the wavefront from patient's eye can comprise the higher-order picture in addition to sphere and cylindricalical error Difference.But, for most of vision correction procedure of such as cataract refractive surgery etc, the most only correct sphere and cylinder is bent Optical path difference.Therefore, it is desirable to the demand of equalization so that optimal sphere and cylinder correction dioptric value and post can be found and specify Over glaze angle.The disclosure is extremely applicable to as by being averaging centroid trajectory and make on centroid trajectory and one or more annulus One or more ellipses are associated, and the polarity of major axis and short axle are considered together with when making barycenter data point be associated with ellipse In, include the impact on higher order aberrations with the gained prescription that sphere and cylindricalical value and cylindrical axes provide for form It is averaging this application.On the other hand, algorithm and data process also by calculate barycenter data point and ellipse associate be as What closely tells terminal use exists how many higher order aberrations in wavefront.

Figure 26 shows the place of an example embodiment in terms of decoding sphere and cylindricalical value and cylinder shaft angle Reason flow chart.As previously discussed, including internal calibration target being moved in wavefront relay route with calibration system and obtaining Deviation angle step 2605, obtain SLD pulse daley and skew angle value between relation step 2610 and by school, inside Quasi goal calibration steps of the step 2615 of removal from wavefront relaying beam path can be measured for a lot of real eye and be held Row once (such as before any measurement once a day) or can be performed a number of times, such as each eyes measure previous Secondary.

Once obtaining deviation angle information, exist for optional step 2620 so that deviation angle is varied or adjusted, it can be by changing SLD pulse daley or be sent to the sine of MEMS scanning mirror and cosine drives the initial phase of signal to realize.Such as, exist In the case of spherical reference wavefront, scalable deviation angle is so that one in barycenter data point is directed at and at this with X or Y-axis In situation, it is not necessary to carry out Rotating Transition of Coordinate further.This can alleviate the burden that data process.

In next step 2625, can be as previously discussed from A, B, C, D value to ratiometer (X, Y) to modified barycenter Positional value (X ', Y ') and calculate barycenter data point position to the centroid position value (Xtr, Ytr) through translation.If can control Relative to MEMS mirror scanning SLD pulse daley so that one in barycenter data point on Xtr or Ytr axle, then relate to And can be optional from the below step 2630 of Rotating Transition of Coordinate of (Xtr, Ytr) to (U, V).

In determining the next step 2635 whether wavefront is sphere, we can compare by different way (such as hangs down Directly to) or all of barycenter data point vectors relative to the size of (Xtr=0, Ytr=0) or (U=0, V=0) initial point or length Degree.Such as, if the standard deviation of all vector sizes or length (such as, corresponds to less than 0.25D cylinder in predetermined standard value Value) under, then can regard this wavefront as sphere.Alternatively, the vector size of comparable some or all of data point vectors And if their size is substantially identical and their difference is under predetermined standard value, then this wavefront can be considered ball Face.

In this spheric wave front situation, below step 2640 as shown in Figure 26, we still can be by these data points It is associated with ellipse, but in addition to calculating the length being substantially identical or minor axis length, long and minor axis length can be asked by we Averagely, and depend on can being the length of plus or minus and the symbol of short axle or polarity, export the sphere dioptric of average plus or minus Angle value.Note, as discussed, can and should obtain during the integrated correction stage dioptric value and length or Relation between minor axis length.

Optional subsequent step 2645 is that the sphere dioptric value being computed is expressed as a number and/or qualitative earth's surface quantitatively Being shown as a circle, wherein circular diameter or radius represent absolute sphere dioptric value and use such as different from circle colors or line chart case Show the symbol of sphere.

On the other hand, if it find that wavefront is not sphere, then may be assumed that and there is astigmatic component.Such as subsequent step 2650, These data points can be associated with ellipse and calculate have the length of polarity and minor axis length (because this value can be just or Negative) and can be length or the oval angle of short shaft angle.In the case of having calculated oval angle, length and minor axis length, can use The calibration relation experimentally obtained or look-up table are to calculate sphere and cylindricalical value.Preferably dioptric optical value and length and minor axis length (including polarity or symbolic information) is relevant monotonously so that only existing unique solution for certain elliptical.As at spherical wave In the case of before, optional subsequent step 2655 is the sphere calculated and cylindricalical value and cylindrical axes to be shown as quantitatively One group of number and/or be shown as a circle qualitatively plus a straight line, wherein circular diameter represents that sphere dioptric value, straight length represent post Face dioptric value and cylinder shaft angle can be represented by the line oriented angle indicated by long thin or dotted line or arrow.Alternatively, qualitatively Display can also is that with an ellipse as form, and wherein long or minor axis length represents that the difference of sphere dioptric value, length and minor axis length (is examined Consider polarity) represent cylindricalical value, and the oval angle of orientation represents cylinder shaft angle.Again, can use and such as add directly with circle Line represents or the color different from ellipse representation or different line chart cases are to show sphere and the symbol of cylindricalical value.This A disclosed embodiment is to allow user to select ellipse or circle plus straight line to represent the refractive error of patient's eye.

It should be noted that can there is other method a lot of shows refractive error qualitatively.Above mentioned qualitative representation is only It is merely illustrative rather than exhaustivity.Such as, this expression can also is that wherein its major axis and an independent cylindricalical The ellipse that angle value is proportional and its short axle is proportional to another independent and vertical cylindricalical angle value.It addition, represent one The shaft angle of individual cylinder or another cylinder angle can be original angle or be moved 90 °, because depending on that terminal use is inclined Good the most negative positive cylinder prescription, cylinder shaft angle can be major axis angle or short shaft angle degree.Alternatively, this expression is all right Being two orthogonal straight lines, the cylindricalical value that wherein straight line length is independent to is proportional and another is orthogonal Straight length length is proportional to another independent and vertical cylindricalical value.

As mentioned before, an embodiment of the disclosure is the eyes in the way of qualitative and/or quantitative patient Live video image on superposition wavefront measurements.Shown ellipse or straight line angle may also depend upon in surgeon/ Clinician relative to the orientation of the eyes of patient (priority or temporary transient), and if temporary transient, then the eye to patient The orientation of eyeball carries out imaging (the right or the left side).For cataract operation, preferably it is presented to the cylinder of cataract surgeons The more precipitous axle of axle and cornea is aligned so that surgeon can carry out LRI based on the direction of principal axis presented (limbus of corneae is loosened Otomy).

Available pattern recognition algorithm processes live eye image to realize for that lie on the back or upright patient position Eyes alignment and/or determine the axle of toroid IOL of implantation on the basis of iris boundary mark (such as crypts).It addition, live figure As may be additionally used for identifying specific crystalline lens (natural or artificial) alignment for optical signalling (from such as wavefront and/ Or OLCI/OCT measures) with crystalline lens or the alignment of the physical features of iris and/or compare.

It is also noted that the oval long conversion with minor axis length to dioptric optical value from association can be completed in a different manner, this Depend on the preference of terminal use.As to those skilled in the art it is well known that there are three kinds of modes to represent same Refractive error prescription.The first is to be denoted as two independent vertical cylinders, the second be denoted as sphere and Positive cylinder and the third be to be denoted as sphere and negative cylinder.It addition, this expression can be relative to prescription or actual ripple Before.The ellipse of our association the most directly provides the dioptric value of two independent vertical cylinders.Represent as from one Mode is to the conversion of another kind of representation, and it is well-known to those skilled in the art.It is emphasized that One embodiment of the disclosure be use on the occasion of with negative value to represent the oval major axis of association and short axle and to use school Quasi-method will can be the length of plus or minus and minor axis length and can also bend for two independent vertical cylinders of plus or minus Light value is interrelated.

Noting, optometrist, ophthalmologists may use different modes to represent at patient's eye with optical engineer Identical wavefront at cornea or pupil plane.Such as, optometrist generally prefer that for be used for offset inclination of wave front so that The prescription of that it is plane or smooth lens represents；Ophthalmologists tends to like in sphere and cylindricalical value and cylindrical axes What direct expression wavefront at the cornea eye plane of aspect be；And optical engineer typically will not use dioptric value to make With showing true wavefront and perfect plane or the wave front chart of the 2D deviation of flat wavefront or using Zernike multinomial coefficient Expression.One embodiment of the disclosure is the mutual phase transformation between the expression that these are different, and this mutual phase transformation can be by terminal User performs, because algorithm has been fabricated in a device to do this conversion, therefore selects the form represented to depend on end End subscriber.

Improving further signal to noise ratio and therefore in terms of accuracy of measurement and/or precision, can be for a frame (or group) data Point or multiframe (or group) data point do ellipse or circle associates plus straight line.Alternatively, can be to obtained ball in multiple seizure Face or cylindricalical value and cylinder shaft angle are averaging.Such as, being averaging can be many simply by being separately summed to determined number The sphere of individual measurement and cylindricalical value also complete divided by this given quantity.Similarly, also cylinder angle can be averaging, to the greatest extent Due to the cincture problem near 0 °, it can be more complicated to pipe, because we are from 0 ° to 180 ° of report angle.As one The method of kind, uses trigonometric function to solve this around problem.

It should be noted that, front-end processing system as indicated in figure 7 also controls the fixing mesh in the world in addition to other LED Mark.But, internal fixing need not be limited to single led or single image, such as from the fire balloon of back lighting.On the contrary, interior It can be to regulate, with the eyes enabling optical element (such as zoom lens), the micro-display combined that target is fixed in portion.By illuminating The different pixels of micro-display can make patient's eye be fixed at different directions so that the ripple of such as 2D array can be obtained The peripheral vision wavefront information of front figure etc.Sentence enable range of accommodation it addition, patient's eye can be made to be fixed on different distance Or the measurement of amplitude.Additionally, fixing micro-display target is controlled at various rates or dutycycle is glistened or flicker, and Micro-display can be that coloured micro-display is so that fixing target can change color and can illuminate pattern or speckle.

As mentioned, an embodiment of the disclosure is in terms of following the tracks of eyes.Figure 27 shows that eye tracking is calculated The example process flow figure of method.Involved step includes using from live eye pupil or the eye pupil position of iris image Confidence breath or such as detect its of the direct reflection etc from corneal vertex by scanning SLD light beam in two dimensions Its means estimates the step 2705 of the position of eye pupil；Regulation SLD light beam scanner is to follow the tracks of the step of eye motion 2710；With the DC drive components of scanner/shift unit before SLD light beam regulation proportionally off-set wave to compensate eye pupil motion So that always sampling, the identical wavefront purpose part from eyes is regardless of eye motion；And alternatively, correct ripple The step 2720 of the measurement of front aberration.Live image camera provides the vision at the center of (a) iris or the center of (b) limbus of corneae to estimate Meter.By being associated with vision visual field SLD light beam (X, Y) position, SLD can be guided the same position to cornea.Typical case Ground senses for wavefront, and this position is slightly offset from the axle of cornea or summit, because in this way, the direct reflection of SLD light beam is led to Chang Buhui is sensed detector/equipment by the position returning directly to Wavefront sensor.The center of iris or the center of limbus of corneae It is used as reference point to guide SLD light beam.

Note, the specific characteristic of at present disclosed algorithm be with SLD light beam regulation proportionally off-set wave front sensor/ The step of the DC drive components of shift unit.This is crucial step, as it ensure that sampling is from wavefront identical of eyes Partly (the identical annulus of such as wavefront).In the case of there is no this step, when eyes transverse shifting, will sample from eye The different piece of the wavefront of eyeball and this can cause significant wavefront measurement error.Correct the final step of the measurement of wave front aberration Why it is to have and can be provided by wavefront scanner/shift unit proportional to SLD light beam regulation by optional reason In the case of compensation, it is to there is all sampled to wavefront that can predefine and take into account to the result of wavefront measurement The astigmatism of interpolation of part and/or prisms tilted and/or other known aberration component.We have shown that our dioptric by mistake Aberration can be automatically averaging calculate compromise sphere and cylinder and filtered out by coordinate translation by difference decoding algorithm Prisms tilted, therefore measures for refractive error, is not additionally required prisms tilted and corrects.Although the amount of coordinate translation has been From the instruction of prisms tilted of the wavefront of eyes, but for the complete wavefront measurement of prisms tilted should be included, it should Deduct by the additional astigmatism of this caused by eye tracking and/or prisms tilted and/or other known aberration component, the most finally entangle Positive step may remain needs.

Another embodiment of the disclosure is that the diameter selecting wavefront sampling annulus adaptively is so that ought be only at eyes pupil When performing wavefront sampling in bore region, it is also with the slope sensitivity of the response curve relevant with circle diameter to provide higher Measurement sensitivity and/or resolution.Generally, in different wave front aberrations all of such as sphere, cylinder and SANYE difference etc Among dioptric value, sphere dioptric value typically require maximum coverage because its can among different eyes and work as Change a lot during cataract operation when naturally crystalline lens is removed (that is, eyes are aphakic).On the other hand, When complete cataract operation or be nearly completed IOL (intraocular lens) be implanted in eyes time, the wavefront from eyes should Close to plane, because pseudo-phakic eyes generally should be close to emmetropia.For typical dioptometry automatically, generally Sampling is from the wavefront in the only 3mm diameter center region of eye pupil.Therefore can be designed to Wavefront sensor covering such as Enough diopter measurement resolution (examples are provided on the effective wavefront sampling circle ring area of the diameter range from 1mm to 3mm Such as, 0.1D) and enough diopter coverage (such as ,-30D arrives+30D).Meanwhile, in order to higher sensitivity and/ Or wavefront measurement resolution confirm emmetropia, as long as pupil size is sufficiently large, can at the end of closing on cataract refractive surgery incite somebody to action Wavefront sampling annulus expands to the diameter of such as 5mm more accurately to measure wavefront or the refractive error of pseudo-phakic eyes.

Figure 28 shows the embodiment flow chart of the algorithm that can realize this concept.Involved step includes using from fact The eye pupil information that eye image obtains is estimated the step 2805 of eye pupil size, is used this eye pupil dimension information Determine the step 2810 of the maximum gauge of wavefront sampling annulus and for pseudo-crystalline lens measurement, circle diameter be increased up As by maximum gauge determined by step 2810 to realize more preferable diopter resolution.This " amplifies " feature can be that user can That select or automatic.It addition, we it be also possible to use the output of PSD ratiometer regulates circle diameter adaptively for Good dioptric resolution and dynamic range cover.

One feature of the disclosure is to be combined and wavefront measurement number with or without pattern recognition algorithm by fact eye image According to combining with detection eyelid/eyelashes, iris, skin of face, operation tool, surgical hands, the existence of flushing water or eye Eyeball leaves from designed scope.During do so, can get rid of " secretly " or " bright " data and can open and close dexterously SLD with Saving time of exposure, this can make higher SLD power can be delivered to eyes to increase optics or photon signal to noise ratio.Figure 29 Show the example process flow figure that this conception of species is described.Involved step includes using live eye image and/or wavefront Sensor signal detect the existence of unexpected object in wavefront relaying beam path or eyes from desired position and/ Or the step 2905 left of scope, abandon mistake " bright " or the step 2910 of " secretly " wave front data, when wave front data be mistake By mistake time close the step 2915 of SLD and notify that this wave front data of terminal use is mistake or invalid optional step 2920。

Another embodiment of the disclosure be scan on zonule on the retina and/or control incidence SLD light beam with Move speckle, do increase that is average and that potentially allow for the luminous power in security restriction can being delivered in eyes, this Optical s/n ratio can be increased.Lens or zoom lens such as it are axially movable or distorting lens is dynamically adjusted it addition, it be also possible to use Being sized such that of SLD beam divergence/meeting coalescence SLD beam spot size the most on the retina of joint can control on retina SLD spot size is to enable the measurement to the more consistent of the wavefront from eyes and/or good alignment.Meanwhile, it be also possible to use Such as by regulating the identical live eye image sensor of its focus or being dedicated solely to monitor the view at eyes SLD beam spot on film monitors the SLD beam spot size on retina and/or shape.Utilize this feedback and closed loop servo electronics The combination of device system, can control static state or the scan pattern of SLD speckle on retina.

The another embodiment of the disclosure be include laser as light source for surgery, this laser can be combined to pass through with SLD light beam Identical optical fiber or another free space beam combiner are launched, and this free space beam combiner can use identical SLD light beam scanner or different scanneies are to scan the surgical laser bundle correction of refractive errors for execution eyes, such as LRI (limbus of corneae loosen otomy).Identical laser or different laser may be additionally used for " labelling " eyes or " guiding " surgeon (that is, " superposition " is on eyes) are so that surgeon can see laser labelling by operating microscope.

Another embodiment of the disclosure is to measure eye distance when just measuring eyes wavefront and when eye distance changes Time correct the measurement of wavefront from eyes.About the information of the eye distance to wavefront sensor module for cataract dioptric Operation is even more important, because when the natural lens of eyes is removed, when i.e. eyes are aphakias, from the ripple of eyes Before be high divergence, and as result, eyes can cause dioptric relative to the little axially-movable of wavefront sensor module Relatively large change in error or wave-front optical aberration measurement.We have discussed at eyes away from designed position laterally How the correction to wavefront can be carried out in the case of motion.Should also be as doing when eyes are axially movable away from its position designed Similar correction.In axially correcting, low optical coherence interferometer (LOCI) or OCT (OCT) can It is included in wavefront sensor module and is used for measure eyes axial distance.Alternatively, use optics three can also be used The more simple technique of angular measurement measures eye distance.LOCI and OCT is preferably as in addition to eye distance, they Also can carry out ocular bioavailability metering/anatomic measurement.These are measured for ophthalmic refractive operation is especially valuable, because they Also can disclose effective crystalline lens (natural or artificial) position (if existing to tilt in crystalline lens), anterior chamber depth, angle The thickness of film and crystalline lens and eye-length.Utilize such as the transversal scanning that can be realized by OCT system, can in tandem or independent Derive even cornea and/or crystalline lens (natural or artificial) refractive power, especially for the situation of aphakic eye.

Another embodiment is to combine in the measurement result obtained by Wavefront sensor, eye imaging camera and LOCI/OCT Two or more for other purpose.In one embodiment, in conjunction with information can be used for detection at eye system Optical scattering in medium and/or opaque, such as cataract is opaque and the existence of optics bubble in eyes, especially exists After naturally crystalline lens is dampened (fracture) by femtosecond laser.In conjunction with information may be additionally used for detect eyes Aphakia state and on-demand or just calculated in real time for target refraction institute in operating room (OR) before IOL is implanted The IOL prescription needed, and/or confirm dioptric, and/or after IOL is implanted, just find out effective lens position.Additionally, institute In conjunction with information may be additionally used for determining the alignment of patients head, i.e. determine whether the eyes of patient are perpendicular to Wavefront sensor The optical axis of module.It addition, the information combined may be additionally used for performing xerophthalmia detection and notifying when surgeon rinses eye Eyeball.And, in conjunction with information also can carry out showing only to present to him/her according to by clinician/surgical customization Preference information, ophthalmic refractive errors the most before the surgery, the IOL prescription under aphakia state and be used for indicating example Ophthalmic refractive or multifocal IOL as whether reached target at the end of operation significantly tilt the most between two parties and not Or when implanting toroid IOL, whether it is placed in the middle and is rotated into the destination indicator of correct shaft angle.Display also can show Go out data integrity designator or confidence designator.

In conjunction with information can be used for determining whether eyes are directed at very well further, without, then aobvious Show device include directivity guide with tell which kind of mode of surgeon/clinician move patient's eye or microscope for Preferably alignment.Whether this information may be additionally used for indicating eyelid whether to close or exists inside eye pouch affecting wavefront survey The amount optics bubble of result or fracture/remnants of crystalline lens material that rupture, and include that information indicates in the display Accord with so that whether instruction wavefront measurement is qualified.

Refer back to Fig. 2, it may be noted that sub-wavefront focusing lens 220 can be controlled by electronics system equally.This is saturating Mirror can be zoom lens or be axially movable lens or even distorting lens.Making these lens purpose actively is with open loop or to close control Ring mode processed regulates its focal length so that can dissipate or assemble and control by wavelet in the local before wavelet based on sequential sampling The images/light spot size that prefocusing lens are formed.This is especially true when performing wavefront sampling around annulus.Such as, for Realization more preferable response slope sensitivity is measured for the more preferable inclination of wave front in terms of precision and/or accuracy, can Image Speckle is preferably focused on PSD (quad detectors or the transversal effect of the transverse movement being used for determining Image Speckle Position sensing detector) on.Alternatively, also can will fall on PSD (quad detectors or transversal effect position sensing detector) Sampled wavelet before Image Speckle control the size to certain desired.Such as, a selection for spot size is Size such as the single quadrant of the most well-known quad detectors.Another possible selection It is to produce compromise high sensitivity and the size of big responding range.Another selection is between the quad detectors of about twice The Image Speckle size of gap size.Can be depending on the average local before the wavelet of sequential sampling to dissipate or assemble and dynamically change Become these different Image Speckle sizes.

By defocusing before dynamically compensating for wavefront or DC off-set wave, Image Speckle also can be made always to fall in quad detectors Center or near.Utilize this mode, it should can lock in terms of size and position and empty each sampled son The Image Speckle of wavefront is so that the highest sensitivity can be realized.For wavefront compensation or defocus shift equipment, wavefront shift unit The inclination of wave front before being accurately determined each sampled wavelet is can be used for the signal that drives of sub-wavefront focusing lens.

It should be noted that, depend on processing wave front data, eye image data, eye distance data, low coherence interferometer number According to the configuration of the master computer waited, the most disclosed device can complete the substantial amounts of attachment of a task.Such as, master computer can be joined It is set to analyze wave front data to obtain the tolerance of such as refractive error etc, the most qualitatively and/or quantitatively to show Tolerance and permission surgeon/clinician select to show qualitatively and/or the mode of quantitative tolerance.Should be how Display wavefront measurement aspect, terminal use may select wave front aberration to dioptric to prescription and/or positive column in the face of negative cylinder and/or The display of the destination indicator of such as emmetropia etc.

Master computer may be additionally configured to allow surgeon/clinician by fact patient's eye image/film upset Or rotate to preferred orientation.It addition, surgeon/clinician also can be at intra-operative or the most on-demand refund and reset and can wrap Include the desired record segment of eye image, wavefront measurements and the even compound film of low coherence interferometer measurement result.

Most significantly, the bootable surgeon of the disclosure titrates vision correction procedure in real time to optimize vision correction procedure Result.Such as, its bootable surgeon regulates the IOL position in eyes according to centering, inclination and periphery angle orientation positions Until measuring the optimal layout confirming IOL.And, its bootable surgeon rotates the toroid intraocular lens of implantation (IOL) to correct/to offset astigmatism.It can also direct surgeon carry out limbus of corneae/cornea loosen otomy or Medium Culture micro- Mirror layer laser (Flexi) is with titration and therefore offsets astigmatism.

In addition to optimizing the location of the multifocal IOL implanted, the most disclosed device may be additionally used for instruction and planted Whether the multifocal IOL entered has desired focusing range.It is (adaptation or adaptive that it may be additionally used for measuring the AIOL implanted IOL) whether desired subject range can be provided.

Over the display, it is possible to provide about how carrying out the guiding in real time of vision correction procedure so that residual aberration Remove, confirm result and with the value of file record aberration and sensing.Also can either automatically or manually numeral " reducing " or " put Real time information shown by greatly " is with warning surgeon or vision correction practitioner's correcting process mistake or is correctly oriented In carry out.When having reached specific rectification degree, shown information becomes according to font size, runic, pattern or face The projecting form of color is to confirm to have reached the dioptric terminal target of patient, such as emmetropia in art.

In addition to visual feedback, also individually or audible feedback can be used in combination with visual feedback.Such as, can have Or provide audio-frequency information to indicate which direction to move IOL for suitable alignment in the case of there is no video/graphics information Or which direction rotates toroid crystalline lens to correct/to offset astigmatism.And, real-time audio signal can be generated to indicate dioptric The type of error, by mistake extent and the change of error.The pitch of real-time audio signal, tone and volume can be changed exist with instruction The improvement of the rectification applied during vision correction procedure or deterioration.The real-time audio signal of specific pitch can be created with by error It is designated the cylinder such as with a tone, the size of this tone showing rod surface error.

One very important application of the disclosure be to aid in cataract surgeons determine at patient's eye without crystalline Under body state, the IOL focal power of preoperative selection is the most correct.Aphakia wavefront measurement (is added up preferably together with ocular bioavailability in real time Measure (such as being provided) by built-in low coherence interferometer together) required IOL focal power the most true can be determined more accurately Recognize in the preoperative selected IOL focal power the most correct, select formula not transmit consistent result especially for preoperative IOL and Carry out the patient of post-operative cornea dioptric process.

Another important application of the disclosure is to monitor during the whole process of cataract operation and record cornea shape The wavefront from patient's eye is measured in the change of shape and other ocular bioavailability metering/anatomic parameter simultaneously.Can be in OR (operating room) In measured before and after, during cataract operation these change and as the change that can cause the wavefront from patient's eye The result of the various factors changed, these changes can be located at corneal topography and thickness (as available keratometer and thickness are surveyed Mensuration measure), anterior chamber depth, in lens position and thickness.These factors include such as, topical anesthesia, lid speculum, Otch/wound of doing in cornea, anterior chamber's packing material, intraocular pressure, water/solution flushing on cornea, wound healing, even The wavefront that wound healing impact and the surgeon caused by the practice of surgeon's specific cataract operation cause changes impact.

Data about the change of ocular bioavailability metering/anatomic parameter can be used for compensating by the shadow caused by various factors Ring.Wavefront result from the healing of otch/wound can be the most predicted and be used to set up the given period of cataract operation The objective eye dioptric hoped.Built-in OCT and eyes camera can be used and operating microscope or presently disclosed can be attached to Angle the most before surgery and the most after surgery measured by the built-in or outside corneal topography instrument system/keratometer of device Film shape and other ocular bioavailability metering/anatomic parameter.Can apply before and after topical anesthesia, be devoted at eyelid specula Before and after keeping eyelid to open, when patient is in supine position, OR carries out measurement the most before the surgery.Can After making otch in cornea, removing cataractous lens and anterior chamber is filled with particular gel (OVD, viscoelasticity ophthalmology are planted Enter device (Ophthalmic Viscosurgical Device)) after before artificial intraocular lens is implanted, IOL implanted after but before incisional wounds is sealed, in OR, carry out perioperative measurement.Can just surgeon After sealed otch/wound but before eyelid specula is removed and eyelid specula be removed afterwards when patient still In OR, measurement the most after the procedure is carried out equally when being in supine position.

Therefore the data obtained about the change of cornea shape He other ocular bioavailability metering/anatomic parameter can be with glances Pre-test data combine and are stored in data base.Can several weeks after the procedure or several months otch/wound the most complete With cornea shape and/or the difference of ocular bioavailability statistical parameter before carrying out another measurement taken turns after healing and also glances can being collected Not or change.Therefore can set up and process nominal data storehouse to be set after healing the most completely at wound to calculate needs Produce the target refraction the most after cataract surgery of final desired vision correction result.In this way, including even The aberration (being the most such as accustomed to the astigmatism caused by the corneal incision of specific personalization) that surgeon causes will be taken into account in In.

The most disclosed Wavefront sensor can be combined with other ophthalmological instruments various for application on a large scale.Example As, it can integrated with femto-second laser or excimer laser rupture for LASIK or crystalline lens or for " otch " Alignment and/or guiding or melt for the closed loop of ocular tissue.Can be in conjunction with live eye image, OLCI/OCT data and wavefront number Indicated according to this before and after, during ocular surgical procedure, in crystalline lens or anterior chamber, whether there is optics bubble.Substitute Ground, Wavefront sensor also can be integrated with slit lamp biomicroscope or be fitted to slit lamp biomicroscope.

The present invention also can or combination integrated with ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS.Distorting lens or transmission wavefront based on LC (liquid crystal) are mended Repay device to can be used for carrying out real-time wavefront manipulation partially or even wholly to compensate some or all in wavefront error.

It addition, the most disclosed Wavefront sensor also can be tied with any other type of intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement apparatus Close.In one embodiment, it even can be directly used in by measuring the eyes wavefront variation relevant with the heartbeat of patient next Detection IOP.It also can be directly used in calibration IOP.

These embodiments may be additionally configured to measurement optics, glasses and/or glass, IOL and/or guiding and create these Cutting/the process equipment of optics.These embodiments also can be adapted for cell and/or analysis of molecules or other metering The microscope of application.The present invention may be additionally used for lens making, glasses confirmation, microbiology application etc..

Although have shown that and describe each embodiment combining teachings of this disclosure herein, those skilled in the art can be easy to The embodiment of a lot of other changes got along still with these enlightenments.

Claims

1. a Wavefront sensor, including:

Light source, is configured to output beam to illuminate measured's eyes；

Light source drive circuit, coupled to described light source, is configured to drive signal with the first ripple frequency output light source；

There is the position sensitive detectors of multiple detector element, be configured to output instruction incidence on each of the detector elements Multiple detector output signal of the signal intensity of light；

Beam steering elements, is configured to when measured's eyes are by described smooth source lighting intercept from the return of described measured's eyes Wavefront light beam and be configured to towards described detector by aperture guide from described measured's eyes wavefront light beam one Part, the part of the described wavefront light beam being wherein conducted through described aperture forms speckle, Qi Zhongsuo on the detector The amplitude approximation of the barycenter and the deviation of the reference point on described detector of stating speckle is combined by the ratiometer of described signal intensity Indicated, and the amplitude of wherein said deviation indicates the part of described wavefront light beam inclination or convergence from plane wave or dissipates Degree；

Beam steering elements drive circuit, coupled to described Beam steering elements, is configured to output beam deflecting element and drives letter Number to scan the part of described wavefront light beam with wavefront rate of scanning；And

Multiple compound transimpedance amplifiers, each compound transimpedance amplifier have be coupled into reception the plurality of detector defeated Go out the input of in signal and for providing the output of amplified detector output signal, each of which mutual impedance The output of amplifier is phase-locked to described light source drive signal and described Beam steering elements drives signal.

2. Wavefront sensor as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that each compound transimpedance amplifier includes low pass filtered Ripple device is to increase stability and to reduce high-frequency noise.

3. Wavefront sensor as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that described low pass filter includes:

First operational amplifier U2A, has input and output；

First resistor R3；And

First capacitor C3, wherein said first resistor and capacitor are in the described input of described first operational amplifier and defeated It is connected in series between going out.

4. Wavefront sensor as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that described compound transimpedance amplifier farther includes:

Second operational amplifier U1A, has input and output；And

Feedback resistor R1, has feedback resistance value, and the output of described first operational amplifier is coupled to described second computing The described feedback of the input of amplifier, the voltage amplitude of the most amplified detector output signal and described feedback resistor R1 Resistance value is proportional, and the voltage amplitude of noise becomes ratio with the square root of the described feedback resistance value of described feedback resistor R1 Example.