CN104883953B - Endoscope - Google Patents

Endoscope Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104883953B
CN104883953B CN201480003908.6A CN201480003908A CN104883953B CN 104883953 B CN104883953 B CN 104883953B CN 201480003908 A CN201480003908 A CN 201480003908A CN 104883953 B CN104883953 B CN 104883953B
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optical system
lamp optical
endoscope
brightness
observation
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CN104883953A (en
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曾根伸彦
高头英泰
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Olympus Corp
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Olympus Corp
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
    • A61B1/00064—Constructional details of the endoscope body
    • A61B1/00071—Insertion part of the endoscope body
    • A61B1/0008—Insertion part of the endoscope body characterised by distal tip features
    • A61B1/00096—Optical elements
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
    • A61B1/00163—Optical arrangements
    • A61B1/00188—Optical arrangements with focusing or zooming features
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
    • A61B1/04—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor combined with photographic or television appliances
    • A61B1/05—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor combined with photographic or television appliances characterised by the image sensor, e.g. camera, being in the distal end portion
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
    • A61B1/06—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor with illuminating arrangements
    • A61B1/0661—Endoscope light sources
    • A61B1/0676—Endoscope light sources at distal tip of an endoscope
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
    • A61B1/06—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor with illuminating arrangements
    • A61B1/07—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor with illuminating arrangements using light-conductive means, e.g. optical fibres
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B23/00—Telescopes, e.g. binoculars; Periscopes; Instruments for viewing the inside of hollow bodies; Viewfinders; Optical aiming or sighting devices
    • G02B23/24—Instruments or systems for viewing the inside of hollow bodies, e.g. fibrescopes
    • G02B23/2407—Optical details
    • G02B23/2423—Optical details of the distal end
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B23/00—Telescopes, e.g. binoculars; Periscopes; Instruments for viewing the inside of hollow bodies; Viewfinders; Optical aiming or sighting devices
    • G02B23/24—Instruments or systems for viewing the inside of hollow bodies, e.g. fibrescopes
    • G02B23/2407—Optical details
    • G02B23/2423—Optical details of the distal end
    • G02B23/243—Objectives for endoscopes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B23/00—Telescopes, e.g. binoculars; Periscopes; Instruments for viewing the inside of hollow bodies; Viewfinders; Optical aiming or sighting devices
    • G02B23/24—Instruments or systems for viewing the inside of hollow bodies, e.g. fibrescopes
    • G02B23/26—Instruments or systems for viewing the inside of hollow bodies, e.g. fibrescopes using light guides

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Surgery (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Radiology & Medical Imaging (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biophysics (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Astronomy & Astrophysics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Endoscopes (AREA)
  • Lenses (AREA)
  • Instruments For Viewing The Inside Of Hollow Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

All ensure that the luminous intensity distribution of abundance is to carry out good observation when common observation and during close-ups.Endoscope possess close to subject be amplified observe viewing optical system (1) and to subject irradiate illumination light multiple lamp optical systems (2), wherein, the high-high brightness in the observation visual angle when by the close-ups that distance is 1.5mm～2.5mm of insertion section front end face and subject is set to ITM, center brightness during this close-ups is set to ITC, be that 50mm common center brightness when observing is set to I by the distance of insertion section front end face Yu subjectWC, the brightness of the position of the 80% of maximum visual angle is set to IWSTime, satisfy the following conditional expression.0.3<ITC/ITM<0.45···(1)0.15<IWS/IWC<0.25···(2)Wherein, fLFor the focal length of lamp optical system whole system, fTThe focal length of whole system when amplifying for viewing optical system maximum,For the external diameter of the lens near object side of lamp optical system, IHMaximum image height for viewing optical system.

Description

Endoscope
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of endoscope with lamp optical system and viewing optical system.
Background technology
Usually, it is configured with the lamp optical system for irradiating subject at forward end section of endoscope, joins at front end face It is equipped with and processes the passage of utensil and clear from the incident viewing optical system of optical component of the light of subject, derivation for making The works such as the nozzle washing the stain of the lens face being attached to image pickup optical system.
It addition, in carrying the endoscope that can carry out the closely viewing optical system of amplifying observation, by making observation A part of lens of optical system move and make focal length variations, thus are more than common observation, additionally it is possible to carry out close-ups. Be additionally, since when common observation and use same lamp optical system during close-ups, the most particularly with subject Between distance when being the such close-ups of below 2mm, affected by the layout of lamp optical system, caused periphery Proportion by subtraction picture central authorities are bright.Therefore, when making the subject wanting to pay close attention to be arranged in middle body, illumination light is not joined sufficiently Light, thus cannot observe well.
Patent Document 1 discloses following a kind of endoscope: by overlapping in the illumination light penetrated from multiple illuminating windows In the range of set the opereating specification of optimal focus position, the most closely illumination inequality during amplifying observation is little such that it is able to With enough brightness illumination subjects.
It addition, Patent Document 2 discloses following a kind of endoscope: by the observation of the both sides in viewing optical system Centered by the illumination of the peripheral part in region, the twice position below of the illumination of part arranges lighting unit, thus will closely The deviation suppression of viewing area during observation is Min..
Patent documentation 1: Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication 2001-346752 publication
Patent documentation 2: Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication 2000-37345 publication
Summary of the invention
The problem that invention is to be solved
But, luminous intensity distribution during the most common observation of above-mentioned each patent documentation makees any consideration, it addition, closely seeing Following problem is there is also when examining.
That is, in the endoscope disclosed in patent documentation 1, the distance fully extended with the luminous intensity distribution of lamp optical system is needed Set optimal focus position, be therefore difficult to close to subject, thus be unsuitable for amplifying observation.
In the endoscope disclosed in patent documentation 2, by make between viewing optical system and lamp optical system away from Guaranteeing luminous intensity distribution from pulling open, therefore the point diameter of endoscope becomes big.
The present invention completes in view of the foregoing, its object is to provide a kind of and when common observation and closely sees Can guarantee when examining that the luminous intensity distribution of abundance is to carry out the endoscope of good observation.
For solving the scheme of problem
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides below scheme.
One mode of the present invention is a kind of endoscope, possesses: viewing optical system, and it includes multiple lens, has and connects Nearly subject is amplified the function observed；And multiple lamp optical system, it includes multiple lens, irradiates to subject Illumination light, wherein, is being the arbitrary distance between 1.5mm to 2.5mm by the distance between insertion section front end face and subject Close-ups time observation visual angle in high-high brightness be set to ITM, center brightness during this close-ups is set to ITC、 It is that center brightness during the common observation of 50mm is set to I by the distance between insertion section front end face and subjectWC, this is commonly seen The brightness of the position of 80% of maximum visual angle when examining is set to IWSTime, satisfy the following conditional expression.
0.3 ＜ ITC/ITM＜ 0.45 ... (1)
0.15 ＜ IWS/IWC＜ 0.25 ... (2)
0.3 ＜ fLfT/φLIH＜ 0.6 ... (3)
Wherein, fLFor the focal length of lamp optical system whole system, fTWhole when amplifying for viewing optical system maximum The focal length of system, φLFor the external diameter of the lens near object side of lamp optical system, IHMaximum for viewing optical system Image height.
According to the manner, by meeting conditional (1), even if when closely amplifying observation, it is also possible to improve central part Point the ratio of brightness and the brightness of peripheral part such that it is able to carry out good observation.That is, in closely amplifying observation state Under, the distance between viewing optical system and subject is nearer than the distance between viewing optical system and lamp optical system, because of The brightness of the brightness ratio core of this peripheral part is big.Particularly when closely amplifying observation, owing to making the pathological changes of concern It is more etc. the situation being arranged in core, if therefore the brightness of core and the ratio of the brightness of peripheral part are the highest, then Cannot be carried out good observation.Therefore, by meeting above-mentioned conditional (1), even if when closely amplifying observation, it is also possible to carry The ratio of the brightness of high core and the brightness of peripheral part, thus carry out good observation.
Under common observation state, owing to the distance between subject is enough, the therefore brightness ratio periphery of core The brightness of part is big.It addition, be the observation of the subject with depth in this condition, if the most too improving peripheral part Brightness, then can hinder the good observation in depth direction.On the other hand, if too reducing the brightness of peripheral part, then can Hinder the good observation of peripheral part, it is therefore desirable to obtain both balances.Therefore, it is configured to meet conditional (2).
In order to meet conditional (1) and (2) two conditionals, need to set the photograph mated with the focal length of viewing optical system The focal length of bright optical system, needs to meet conditional (3).Focal length and the photograph of viewing optical system is determined according to conditional (3) The focal length of bright optical system such that it is able to the luminous intensity distribution performance of the balance achieving far and near both sides is provided.
It addition, in aforesaid way, it is preferred that at least two illumination optical system in multiple above-mentioned lamp optical systems System satisfies the following conditional expression.
8 ＜ r1 2/fLfT＜ 16 ... (4)
8 ＜ r2 2/fLfT＜ 16 ... (5)
Wherein, r1、r2For the center of the lens being arranged in the position near object side in viewing optical system with each Being arranged near the distance between the center of the lens of the position of object side in lamp optical system.
By in such manner, it is possible to make the distance between viewing optical system and lamp optical system converge on desired scope, It is thus possible to suitably set the luminous intensity distribution performance of lamp optical system.
It addition, in aforesaid way, the most above-mentioned viewing optical system satisfies the following conditional expression.
0.8 ＜ fTFFT/fWFFW＜ 1.1 ... (6)
Wherein, fWFor the focal length of the whole system under common observation state, FFTBefore under closely amplifying observation state Focal position, side, FFWFor the focal position, front side under common observation state.
By in such manner, it is possible to field range to be set to suitable scope, it is possible to make being evenly distributed thus carrying out good of luminous intensity distribution Good observation.
It addition, in aforesaid way, the most above-mentioned viewing optical system satisfies the following conditional expression.
0.3 ＜ | 1 × β/IH| ＜ 0.45 ... (7)
Wherein, β is viewing optical system maximum paraxial multiplying power when amplifying.
By in such manner, it is possible to make amplification during maximum amplification be enough amplifications thus observe subject well.
It addition, in aforesaid way, the most above-mentioned viewing optical system satisfies the following conditional expression.
0.25 ＜ IH/ (1000P) ＜ 0.5 ... (8)
Wherein, P is the pel spacing of the imaging apparatus being equipped on viewing optical system.
By in such manner, it is possible to make the pixel of imaging apparatus enough thus carry out good observation.
It addition, in aforesaid way, it is preferred that at least two illumination optical system in multiple above-mentioned lamp optical systems System is each provided with three convex lenss, and satisfies the following conditional expression.
1.4 ＜ fL1/fL＜ 3.2 ... (9)
Wherein, fL1Focal length for the lens near object side of lamp optical system.
By in such manner, it is possible to make luminous intensity distribution scope be suitable scope thus carry out good observation.
It addition, in aforesaid way, it is preferred that at least two light optics in multiple above-mentioned lamp optical systems Brightness γ (α) in system, when the brightness of the center position at by distance 50mm is set to 1, corresponding to arbitrary angle [alpha] (°) Satisfy the following conditional expression.
0.21 ＜ γ (50)/γ (25) ＜ 0.39 ... (10)
By in such manner, it is possible to suppress the variable quantity of the angle direction in the luminous intensity distribution performance of lamp optical system, keeping suitably Luminous intensity distribution performance.
It addition, in aforesaid way, the preferably at least two light optics in multiple above-mentioned lamp optical systems In system, satisfy the following conditional expression.
0.8 ＜ r1/r2＜ 1.2 ... (11)
165 ＜ | θ1-θ2|≤180…(12)
0.06 ＜ r1r2/φ2＜ 0.15 ... (13)
Wherein, θ1、θ2Being respectively the azimuth relative to center position, φ is endoscope distal end diameter.
By in such manner, it is possible to properly configure viewing optical system and lamp optical system such that it is able to suppression illumination light Form concentration for subject or uneven luminous intensity distribution is uneven.
It addition, in aforesaid way, it is preferred that possessing three above-mentioned lamp optical systems, each lamp optical system is Including the identical lamp optical system of three convex lenss, and satisfy the following conditional expression.
0.8 ＜ min (r1, r2, r3)/Max(r1, r2, r3)≤1.0…(14)
Wherein, r1、r2、r3Center for the lens being arranged in the position near object side in viewing optical system And being arranged near the distance between the center of the lens of the position of object side in each lamp optical system.
By in such manner, it is possible to make the configuration relation of three lamp optical systems suitable, therefore, it is possible to suppression illumination light for Subject forms concentration or uneven luminous intensity distribution is uneven.
I.e., not only configure viewing optical system, lamp optical system, the passage that is also configured to make process utensil stretch out, For cleaning the works such as the nozzle of lens.Therefore, particularly in the case of three lamp optical systems of configuration, exist and be difficult to The situation that all lamp optical systems are configured symmetrically both relative to viewing optical system.In such a situation it is preferred that make three The lamp optical system distance away from viewing optical system is identical, and preferably meets above-mentioned conditional (14).
The effect of invention
According to the present invention, play following effect: when common observation and during close-ups, joining of abundance can be guaranteed Light carries out good observation.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the summary knot in the front of the front end, insertion section representing the endoscope involved by an embodiment of the invention Composition.
Fig. 2 is another example in the front of the front end, insertion section representing the endoscope involved by an embodiment of the invention Sketch figure.
Fig. 3 is to represent that the endoscope involved by an embodiment of the invention is when close-ups and between subject The explanatory diagram of relation.
Fig. 4 is to represent and endoscope involved by an embodiment of the invention is when common observation and between subject The explanatory diagram of relation.
Fig. 5 is to represent joining of lamp optical system in the endoscope being applied to involved by an embodiment of the invention The explanatory diagram of light characteristic.
Fig. 6 is the Sketch in the front of the front end, insertion section representing the endoscope involved by embodiments of the invention one Figure.
Fig. 7 is the overall knot representing the viewing optical system in the endoscope being applied to involved by embodiments of the invention 1 The sectional view of structure.
Fig. 8 is the overall knot representing the lamp optical system in the endoscope being applied to involved by embodiments of the invention 1 The sectional view of structure.
Fig. 9 is the Sketch figure in the front of the front end, insertion section representing the endoscope involved by embodiments of the invention 2.
Figure 10 is the overall knot representing the viewing optical system in the endoscope being applied to involved by embodiments of the invention 2 The sectional view of structure.
Figure 11 is the Sketch in the front of the front end, insertion section representing the endoscope involved by embodiments of the invention 3 Figure.
Figure 12 is the overall knot representing the viewing optical system in the endoscope being applied to involved by embodiments of the invention 3 The sectional view of structure.
Detailed description of the invention
Below, the endoscope involved by an embodiment of the invention it is described with reference to.
Fig. 1 illustrates the front, leading section of the insertion section of endoscope, as it is shown in figure 1, be provided with in insertion section to observe right The image of elephant carries out the viewing optical system 1 imaged, the illumination that will penetrate and provide via optical fibers from not shown light source Light to the object of observation carry out multiple lamp optical systems 2 of luminous intensity distribution, by the process utensil such as pliers, probe derive passage 3 with And provide, to viewing optical system 1, lamp optical system 2, fluid, the nozzle 4 of air cleaned.
In FIG, the distance at the center of viewing optical system 1 to the center of each lamp optical system 2 is set to r1 ～r3.Right direction by the center of viewing optical system 1, on paper, is set to θ=0 ° by azimuth angle theta as shown in Figure 1, To counterclockwise just be set to.As reference, in the example depicted in figure 1, it is set to θ1=90 °, θ2=270 °, θ3=10 °.
It addition, endoscope distal end inserts the diameter that diameter phi is endoscope distal end portion.But, exist in endoscope distal end portion Structure in have such as passage can not house completely circle leading section in the case of wait due to the thing in insertion section Rational structure thing and the situation in prominent special-shaped portion 20 that produces.In this case, as shown in Figure 2 by maximum straight Footpath portion is defined as φ.
Viewing optical system 1 includes multiple lens, has the function being amplified observation close to subject.And, Closely under amplifying observation state, the distance between viewing optical system 1 and subject is than viewing optical system 1 and light optics Distance between system 2 is near, and therefore the brightness of the brightness ratio core of peripheral part is big.Particularly at closely amplifying observation Time, by more for the situation that the pathological changes etc. paid close attention to moves to core, if brightness and the peripheral part of therefore core The ratio of brightness is the highest, then hinder and carry out good observation.
Therefore, being configured to is being any between 1.5mm to 2.5mm by the distance between insertion section front end face and subject The close-ups of distance time observation visual angle in high-high brightness be set to ITM, center brightness during this close-ups is set For ITCTime, satisfy the following conditional expression.
0.3 ＜ ITC/ITM＜ 0.45 ... (1)
If less than the lower limit of conditional (1), then core is dimmed, it is impossible to carry out good observation closely time. On the other hand, if it exceeds the upper limit, although then close-ups can carry out good observation, but due to lamp optical system Luminous intensity distribution broaden, therefore cause the observation degradation in depth direction when commonly observing.
Furthermore it is preferred that meet conditional (1) when any distance closely amplified between degree of depth 1.5mm to 2.5mm, but To be more highly preferred to when the distance of below 2mm meet conditional (1), now with the effect of amplifying observation (can closer to and relatively Greatly observe the subject paid close attention to) it is multiplied such that it is able to carry out the best observation.
Under common observation state, owing to the distance between subject is very abundant, the therefore brightness ratio week of core The brightness of rim portion is big.It addition, be the observation of the subject with depth in this condition, if the most too improving periphery The brightness divided, then can hinder the good observation in depth direction.On the other hand, if too reducing the brightness of peripheral part, then The good observation of peripheral part can be hindered, it is therefore desirable to obtain both balances.Therefore, it is configured to by insertion section front end face And center brightness during the common observation that the distance between subject is 50mm is set to IWC, maximum visual angle time this is commonly observed 80% the brightness of position be set to IWSTime, satisfy the following conditional expression.
0.15 ＜ IWS/IWC＜ 0.25 ... (2)
When less than the lower limit of conditional (2), cause peripheral part when commonly observing to become unduly dark, and can not fill Guarantee luminous intensity distribution during close-ups with dividing.On the other hand, when exceeding the upper limit of conditional (2), due to joining of center position Light is not enough, therefore causes the luminance shortage in depth direction when commonly observing, thus hinders good observation.
In order to meet conditional (1) and (2) two conditionals, need to set the photograph mated with the focal length of viewing optical system The focal length of bright optical system, it is therefore desirable to satisfy the following conditional expression.
0.3 ＜ fLfT/φLIH＜ 0.6 ... (3)
Wherein, fLFor the focal length of lamp optical system whole system, fTWhole when amplifying for viewing optical system maximum The focal length of system, φLFor the external diameter of the lens near object side of lamp optical system, IHMaximum for viewing optical system Image height.
Focal length and the focal length of lamp optical system of viewing optical system is determined such that it is able to provide according to this conditional Achieve the luminous intensity distribution performance of the balance of far and near both sides.
When less than the lower limit of conditional (3), the luminous intensity distribution of lamp optical system is wide, hinders depth side during common observation To observation, or the field range of viewing optical system broadens, it is impossible to guarantee desired multiplying power during close-ups.
When exceeding the upper limit of conditional (3), the luminous intensity distribution of lamp optical system narrows, center brightness during close-ups Deficiency, hinders and observes, or owing to the field range of viewing optical system narrows, cause over sight (OS) pathological changes portion.
Additionally, apply following conditional (3) ' then if instead of conditional (3) more preferably,
0.35 ＜ fLfT/φLIH＜ 0.55 ... (3) '
Further, if instead of conditional (3) or (3) ' application conditions formula (3) " then it is more highly preferred to.
0.38 ＜ fLfT/φLIH＜ 0.52 ... (3) "
In order to suitably set the luminous intensity distribution performance of lamp optical system, viewing optical system and the distance of lamp optical system Critically important.In the case of particularly the distance in the case of close-ups, such as and between subject is 2mm, observe light Distance between system and subject is nearer than the distance between viewing optical system and lamp optical system, it is possible to Bu Nengqu Enter the light of abundance.Accordingly, it would be desirable to satisfy the following conditional expression (4) and (5).
8 ＜ r1 2/fLfT＜ 16 ... (4)
8 ＜ r2 2/fLfT＜ 16 ... (5)
Wherein, r1、r2For the center of the lens being arranged in the position near object side in viewing optical system with each Being arranged near the distance between the center of the lens of the position of object side in lamp optical system.
When more than the lower limit of two conditionals, the distance between viewing optical system and lamp optical system becomes near, leads Cause interfering with each other.When exceeding the upper limit, cause lamp optical system away from, in close-ups, be particularly unable to maintain that abundance Luminous intensity distribution performance, or the focal length of lamp optical system diminishes, and therefore the luminous intensity distribution of lamp optical system broadens, and hinders common observation Time the observation in depth direction.
Additionally, apply following conditional (4) ' and (5) ' to be then more highly preferred to if instead of conditional (4) and (5).
0 ＜ r1 2/fLfT＜ 14 ... (4) '
0 ＜ r2 2/fLfT＜ 14 ... (5) '
As the factor of observation when affecting close-ups, enumerate field range.Field range is the narrowest, then luminous intensity distribution point Cloth is the most uniform, more can carry out good observation.In contrast, field range is the widest, then luminous intensity distribution distribution is the widest, causes observing The difference at bright place and dark place is produced on picture.It is therefore preferable that be configured to satisfy the following conditional expression (6).
0.8 ＜ fTfFT/fWFFW＜ 1.1 ... (6)
Wherein, fWFor the focal length of the whole system under common observation state, FFTBefore under closely amplifying observation state Focal position, side, FFWFor the focal position, front side under common observation state.
When less than the lower limit of conditional (6), it is possible to carry out the observation of wider range in close-ups, but center Dimming parts, it is impossible to carry out good observation.On the other hand, when exceeding the upper limit of conditional (6), center it is able to ensure that on the contrary The brightness of part, but range of observation is defined, it is impossible to carry out the observation of wide scope.
Additionally, apply following conditional (6) ' then if instead of conditional (6) more preferably,
0.85 ＜ fTFFT/fWFFW＜ 1.05 ... (6) '
It addition, if instead of conditional (6) or (6) ' application conditions formula (6) " the most more preferably.
0.9 ＜ fTFFT/fWFFW＜ 1.1 ... (6) "
In the viewing optical system with amplifying observation function, preferably have when maximum is amplified enough amplifications with Observe subject well.
It is therefore preferable that be configured to satisfy the following conditional expression (7).
0.3 ＜ | 1 × β/IH| ＜ 0.45 ... (7)
Wherein, β is viewing optical system maximum paraxial multiplying power when amplifying.
The subject of conditional (7) expression 1mm size is by amplification during viewing optical system, when less than conditional (7) during lower limit, it is impossible to guarantee enough multiplying powers, thus good observation can not be carried out.On the other hand, when exceeding conditional (7) during the upper limit, it is possible to guarantee multiplying power fully, but become the optical system at narrow angle, cause range of observation to be defined, it is impossible to Carry out good observation.
It addition, in the viewing optical system with amplifying observation function, preferably imaging apparatus is that high pixel is good to carry out Good observation.It is therefore preferable that be configured to satisfy the following conditional expression (8).
0.25 ＜ IH/ (1000P) ＜ 0.5 ... (8)
Wherein, P is the pel spacing of the imaging apparatus being equipped on viewing optical system.
In the case of the lower limit less than conditional (8), pel spacing becomes greatly or imaging apparatus diminishes, and therefore claims not On by the imaging apparatus of high pixelation.In the case of the upper limit exceeding conditional (8), become high pixel, but between pixel Away from diminishing, the impact of diffraction becomes strong, and therefore when guaranteeing enough multiplying powers, generation easily obscures, difficult such problem of focusing.
In the case of lamp optical system has three convex lenss, being near object side in three convex lenss The ratio of focal length and the focal length of whole system of lens produce considerable influence.It is therefore preferable that for satisfying the following conditional expression (9).
1.4 ＜ fL1/fL＜ 3.2 ... (9)
Wherein, fL1Focal length for the lens near object side of lamp optical system.
When less than the lower limit of conditional (9), luminous intensity distribution extends significantly, thus while can carry out good during close-ups Good observation, it can be difficult to the observation in depth direction when commonly observing.On the other hand, when exceeding the upper of conditional (9) In limited time, luminous intensity distribution narrows, therefore the luminance shortage of immediate vicinity when close-ups.
Additionally, apply following conditional (9) ' then if instead of conditional (9) more preferably,
1.6 ＜ fL1/fL＜ 2.4 ... (9) '
Further, if instead of conditional (9) or (9) ' application conditions formula (9) " the most more preferably.
1.7 ＜ fL1/fL＜ 2.2 ... (9) "
For balance during close-ups and when commonly observing, particularly carry out good observation when common observation, Need to suppress the variable quantity of the angle direction in the luminous intensity distribution performance of lamp optical system.When variable quantity is many, immediate vicinity bright Degree is reinforced, and on the contrary when variable quantity is few, the brightness of periphery is reinforced.It is therefore preferable that be configured at multiple above-mentioned photographs In at least two lamp optical system in bright optical system, when the brightness of the center position at by distance 50mm is set to 1, appoint Brightness γ (α) corresponding to meaning angle [alpha] (°) satisfies the following conditional expression (10).
0.21 ＜ γ (50)/γ (25) ＜ 0.39 ... (10)
When less than the lower limit of conditional (10), when common observation, the brightness of immediate vicinity is reinforced, depth direction Observe good, but do not have enough light to arrive peripheral part, thus cause observing performance and reduce.On the other hand, when exceeding bar During the upper limit of part formula (10), the brightness of peripheral part is reinforced, it is possible to carries out good observation, but causes the sight in depth direction Examine performance to reduce.
Additionally, apply following conditional (10) ' to be then more highly preferred to if instead of conditional (10).
0.23 ＜ γ (50)/γ (25) ＜ 0.34 ... (10) '
When close-ups, particularly viewing optical system has considerable influence with the layout of lamp optical system.
One party in configured symmetrically two illuminations in the case of viewing optical system is far, away from photograph Certain bright side is dimmed, and brightness is focusing only on the direction observed on picture, causes seeming uneven.It is therefore preferable that It is configured at least two lamp optical system in multiple lamp optical systems satisfies the following conditional expression.
0.8 ＜ r1/r2＜ 1.2 ... (11)
When exceeding the scope determined in conditional (11), such as, there is problems in that and producing that only left side is bright waits Luminous intensity distribution is uneven, the observation hydraulic performance decline on right side.
Additionally, apply following conditional (11) ' then if instead of conditional (11) more preferably,
0.9 ＜ r1/r2＜ 1.1 ... (11) '
It addition, if instead of conditional (11) or (11) ' application conditions formula (11) " be then more highly preferred to.
0.94 ＜ r1/r2＜ 1.06 ... (11) "
Angle direction in layout also produces impact at uneven aspect, preferably relative to image pickup optical system symmetry Side sets up lamp optical system, and its symmetry is also the most uniform more good.It is therefore preferable that be configured to satisfy the following conditional expression (12)。
165 ＜ | θ1-θ2|≤180…(12)
Wherein, θ1、θ2It is respectively the azimuth relative to center position.
When exceeding the scope determined in conditional (12), produce and such as only have upper right and upper left illuminated such uneven Producing multiple brighter local luminous intensity distribution uneven, the observation performance that there is direction, lower section reduces such problem evenly.
Additionally, apply following conditional (12) ' then if instead of conditional (12) more preferably,
170 ＜ | θ1-θ2|≤180…(12)’
It addition, if instead of conditional (12) or (12) ' application conditions formula (12) " be then more highly preferred to.
175 ＜ | θ1-θ2|≤180≤(12)”
Further, about layout, it is typically desirable to the point diameter of endoscope is the smaller the better, is preferably configured as image pickup optical system And distance and point diameter between lamp optical system meet following conditional (13).
0.06 ＜ r1r2/φ2＜ 0.15 ... (13)
When less than the lower limit of conditional (13), point diameter is caused to become big.On the other hand, when exceeding conditional (13) During the upper limit, it is possible to make point diameter less, but the configuration of viewing optical system, lamp optical system etc. limits and becomes big, produces Such problem in can not housing point diameter completely.
Additionally, apply following conditional (13) ' then if instead of conditional (13) more preferably,
0.07 ＜ r1r2/φ2＜ 0.13 ... (13) '
It addition, if instead of conditional (13) or (13) ' application conditions formula (13) " be then more highly preferred to.
0.08 ＜ r1r2/φ2＜ 0.11 ... (13) "
In endoscope distal end portion, not only there is viewing optical system, lamp optical system, also have for making process utensil The hole being referred to as passage stretched out, for cleaning the works such as the nozzle of lens, the most particularly at three light opticses of configuration In the case of system is such, there are the feelings being difficult to all lamp optical systems be configured symmetrically both relative to viewing optical system Condition.In such cases it is preferred to make three lamp optical systems distance away from viewing optical system identical, it is preferably configured as full Be enough to lower conditional (14).
0.8 ＜ min (r1, r2, r3)/Max(r1, r2, r3)≤1.0…(14)
Wherein, r1、r2、r3Center for the lens being arranged in the position near object side in viewing optical system And being arranged near the distance between the center of the lens of the position of object side in each lamp optical system.
By meeting conditional (14), the configuration of lamp optical system becomes impartial, it is possible to suppression luminous intensity distribution is uneven and uniform Ground irradiates illumination light such that it is able to improves and observes performance.
Additionally, apply following conditional (14) ' then if instead of conditional (14) more preferably,
0.9 ＜ min (r1, r2, r3)/Max(r1, r2, r3)≤1.0…(14)’
It addition, if instead of conditional (14) or (14) ' application conditions formula (14) " be then more highly preferred to.
0.94 ＜ min (r1, r2, r3)/Max(r1, r2, r3)≤1.0…(14)”
Fig. 3 illustrates structure during close-ups.Subject 8 is in and by viewing optical system 1 and illumination optical system Endoscope distal end face 5 distance D at the center of system 20Position, the center of the range of observation 7 of viewing optical system 1 is set to O, periphery is respectively P, Q.
It addition, have the light distribution characteristic 6 of lamp optical system 2, the brightness of high light between PQ is set to ITM, by center O The brightness at place is set to ITC.It is characterised by during close-ups, due to distance D0Little to 1.5mm to 2.5mm, therefore light distribution characteristic 6 is bigger for peripheral part compared with the core of range of observation.
Additionally, Fig. 1, Fig. 3 are said in the case of having viewing optical system, lamp optical system on the same line Bright, but about the situation beyond it, it is also possible to the high-high brightness in range of observation and center brightness are defined as ITM、ITC, this It is self-evident.
Then, Fig. 4 illustrates structure when commonly observing.Subject 10 is in and endoscope distal end face 5 distance 50mm Position, the center of the field range 11 of viewing optical system is set to M, the position of the 80% of maximum visual angle is set to L, N.It addition, have the light distribution characteristic 9 of lamp optical system, the brightness at L, N is IWS, the brightness at core M is IWC.General Taking an overall view of and be characterised by when examining, when distance is for 50mm, about light distribution characteristic 9, the impact of the layout of lamp optical system diminishes, In substantially uniform shape on the basis of center.
Fig. 5 illustrates the light distribution characteristic of a lamp optical system.
For the subject 10 with lamp optical system 2 distance 50mm, there is luminous intensity distribution distribution 13.Now, in Figure 5 When direction on paper is set to 0 °, the brightness of 0 ° of position is set to γ (0)=1, takes angle [alpha] along clockwise direction, by this angle Brightness under Du is defined as γ (α).Additionally, due to luminous intensity distribution distribution is symmetrical, therefore can also be along taking α counterclockwise.
Like this, according to present embodiment, not only when commonly observing, in also being able to when closely amplifying observation improve The ratio of the brightness of heart part and the brightness of peripheral part, thus abundance can be guaranteed when common observation and during close-ups Luminous intensity distribution carry out good observation.
Embodiment
Then, with reference to Fig. 6～Figure 12, embodiment 1～the embodiment 3 of the endoscope involved by above-mentioned embodiment are entered Row explanation.In the lens data described in each embodiment, r represents radius of curvature (unit is mm), and d represents that face is spaced (mm), Nd represents the refractive index relative to d line, and Vd represents the Abbe number relative to d line.
(embodiment 1)
Fig. 6 represents the front view of the front end, insertion section of the endoscope involved by embodiments of the invention 1.At the present embodiment 1 In, apply two identical lamp optical systems 2a and lamp optical system 2b amounts to three lamp optical systems.
Additionally, in the present embodiment, r1=3.2, r2=3.2, r3=5.16, θ1=90 °, θ2=270 °, θ3=8.9 °, φ =9.9.
Fig. 7 illustrates the lens arrangement of the viewing optical system 1 in the endoscope being applied to involved by the present embodiment, and Fig. 8 shows Go out the lens arrangement of lamp optical system 2a in the endoscope being applied to involved by the present embodiment, 2b.
The lens data of the viewing optical system involved by embodiments of the invention 1 described below.
Lens data
Various data
Then, the lens data of lamp optical system 2a involved by embodiments of the invention 1 described below.
Additionally, φL=1.3, the covering of Glass rod 16 is made up of the glass of refractive index 1.520.F nowL=0.54, fL1 =1.14.
Lens data
Then, the lens data of lamp optical system 2b involved by embodiments of the invention 1 described below.
Additionally, φL=1.7, the covering of Glass rod 16 is made up of the glass of refractive index 1.520.F nowL=0.72, fL1 =2.25.
Lens data
Further, since also have and angle from not shown light source to the optical fibers 17 of lamp optical system guiding illumination light The light distribution characteristic that degree is corresponding, this characteristic the most described below.
[table 1]
Angle [alpha] Illumination γ (α)
0 1.00
5 0.97
10 0.94
15 0.35
20 0.67
25 0.46
30 0.27
35 0.13
40 0.05
45 0.01
50 0.00
55 0.00
60 0.00
65 0.00
70 0.00
75 0.00
Described below obtain from above-mentioned fibre-optic characteristic lamp optical system 2a, the light distribution characteristic γ (α) of 2b.
[table 2]
2a 2b
Degree α Illumination γ (α) Illumination γ (α)
0 1.00 1.00
5 0.99 0.98
10 095 0.94
15 0.88 0.87
20 0.80 0.77
25 0.70 0.67
30 0.61 0.56
35 0.50 0.45
40 0.38 0.35
45 0.27 0.25
50 0.18 0.17
55 0.10 0.10
60 0.05 0.05
65 0.02 0.02
70 0.01 0.01
75 0.00 0.00
(embodiment 2)
Fig. 9 represents the front view of the front end, insertion section of the endoscope involved by embodiments of the invention 2.It addition, Figure 10 shows Go out the lens arrangement of viewing optical system 1 in the endoscope being applied to involved by the present embodiment.
Additionally, in the present embodiment, r1=3.99, r2=3.84, r3=3.80, θ1=28.2 °, θ2=157.9 °, θ3= 294.6 °, φ=13.2.
The lens data of the viewing optical system involved by embodiments of the invention 2 described below.
Lens data
Various data
The lens arrangement that the lens arrangement of lamp optical system is applied with above-described embodiment 1 is identical, therefore omits and is somebody's turn to do The figure that lens arrangement is relevant, the most only illustrates lens data.Additionally, φL=1.7, the covering of Glass rod 16 is by refractive index 1.520 Glass constitute.F nowL=0.63, fL1=1.13.
Lens data
Optical fibers that optical fibers applied in application described below and above-described embodiment 1 is identical also obtains from this characteristic The light distribution characteristic γ (α) of lamp optical system 2c arrived.
[table 3]
2c
Angle [alpha] Illumination γ (α)
0 1.00
5 0.98
10 0.95
15 0.89
20 0.82
25 0.73
30 0.63
35 0.53
40 0.42
45 0.32
50 0.22
55 0.14
60 0.08
65 0.04
70 0.02
75 0.00
(embodiment 3)
Figure 11 represents the front view of the front end, insertion section of the endoscope involved by embodiments of the invention 3.It addition, Figure 12 shows Go out the lens arrangement of viewing optical system 1 in the endoscope being applied to involved by the present embodiment.
Additionally, in the present embodiment, r1=3.47, r2=3.68, r3=3.47, θ1=28.4 °, θ2=155.3 °, θ3= 303.9 °, φ=11.7.
The lens data of the viewing optical system involved by embodiments of the invention 3 described below.
Lens data
Various data
Lamp optical system applied in the lens arrangement of lamp optical system and lens data and above-described embodiment 1 Lens arrangement and lens data identical, therefore omit record.
Additionally, table 4 and table 5 illustrate the above-mentioned conditional (1) in the structure of the above embodiments 1～embodiment 3～(14) Numerical value.
[table 4]
Numbering Formula Embodiment 1 Embodiment 2 Embodiment 3
(1) ITC/ITM 0.42 0.30 0.35
(2) IWS/IWC 0.24 0.20 0.21
(4) r1^2/fLfT 13.6 14.7 15.3
(5) r2^2/fLfT 13.6 13.6 12.8
(6) fTfFT/fWFFW 0.99 0.96 0.97
(7) |1×β/IH| 0.41 0.34 0.37
(8) IH/(1000P) 0.29 0.47 0.43
(11) r1/r2 1.00 1.04 0.94
(12) |θ1-θ2| 180 130 127
(13) r1r2/φ^2 0.10 0.09 0.09
(14) min(r1, r2, r3)Max(r1, r2, r3) - 0.95 -
[table 5]
Description of reference numerals
1: viewing optical system；2: lamp optical system；3: passage；4: nozzle.

Claims (9)

1. an endoscope, possesses:
Viewing optical system, it is arranged on the front end of insertion section, including multiple lens, has and be amplified close to subject The function observed；And
Multiple lamp optical systems, it is arranged on the front end of above-mentioned insertion section, including multiple lens, irradiates to above-mentioned subject Illumination light,
Wherein, above-mentioned endoscope is characterised by:
In the closely sight by the distance between insertion section front end face and subject being any distance between 1.5mm to 2.5mm The high-high brightness in observation visual angle when examining is set to ITM, center brightness during this close-ups is set to ITC, by before insertion section Distance between end face and subject is that center brightness during the common observation of 50mm is set to IWC, maximum time this is commonly observed The brightness of the position of the 80% of visual angle is set to IWSTime, satisfy the following conditional expression,
0.3 ＜ ITC/ITM＜ 0.45 ... (1)
0.15 ＜ IWS/IWC＜ 0.25 ... (2)
0.3 ＜ fLfT/φLIH＜ 0.6 ... (3)
Wherein, fLFor the focal length of lamp optical system whole system, fTWhole system when amplifying for viewing optical system maximum Focal length, φLFor the external diameter of the lens near object side of lamp optical system, IHMaximum image height for viewing optical system.
Endoscope the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that
At least two lamp optical system in multiple above-mentioned lamp optical systems satisfies the following conditional expression,
8 ＜ r1 2/fLfT＜ 16 ... (4)
8 ＜ r2 2/fLfT＜ 16 ... (5)
Wherein, r1、r2Center and each illumination for the lens being arranged in the position near object side in viewing optical system Being arranged near the distance between the center of the lens of the position of object side in optical system.
Endoscope the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that
Above-mentioned viewing optical system satisfies the following conditional expression,
0.8 ＜ fTFFT/fWFFW＜ 1.1 ... (6)
Wherein, fWFor the focal length of the whole system under common observation state, FFTBurnt for the front side under closely amplifying observation state Point position, FFWFor the focal position, front side under common observation state.
Endoscope the most according to claim 3, it is characterised in that
Above-mentioned viewing optical system satisfies the following conditional expression,
0.3 ＜ | 1 × β/IH| ＜ 0.45 ... (7)
Wherein, β is viewing optical system maximum paraxial multiplying power when amplifying.
Endoscope the most according to claim 3, it is characterised in that
Above-mentioned viewing optical system satisfies the following conditional expression,
0.25 ＜ IH/ (1000P) ＜ 0.5 ... (8)
Wherein, P is the pel spacing of the imaging apparatus being equipped on viewing optical system.
Endoscope the most according to claim 2, it is characterised in that
At least two lamp optical system in multiple above-mentioned lamp optical systems is each provided with three convex lenss, and below meeting Conditional,
1.4 ＜ fL1/fL＜ 3.2 ... (9)
Wherein, fL1Focal length for the lens near object side of lamp optical system.
Endoscope the most according to claim 2, it is characterised in that
In at least two lamp optical system in multiple above-mentioned lamp optical systems, the center position at by distance 50mm Brightness when being set to 1, the brightness γ (α) corresponding to arbitrary angle [alpha] (°) satisfies the following conditional expression,
0.21 ＜ γ (50)/γ (25) ＜ 0.39 ... (10).
Endoscope the most according to claim 2, it is characterised in that
In at least two lamp optical system in multiple above-mentioned lamp optical systems, satisfy the following conditional expression,
0.8 ＜ r1/r2＜ 1.2 ... (11)
165 ＜ | θ1-θ2|≤180…(12)
0.06 ＜ r1r2/φ2＜ 0.15 ... (13)
Wherein, θ1、θ2Being respectively the azimuth relative to center position, φ is endoscope distal end diameter.
Endoscope the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that
Possessing three above-mentioned lamp optical systems, each lamp optical system is to include the identical illumination optical system of three convex lenss System, and satisfy the following conditional expression,
0.8 ＜ min (r1, r2, r3)/Ma×(r1, r2, r3)≤1.0…(14)
Wherein, r1、r2、r3For the center of the lens being arranged in the position near object side in viewing optical system with each Being arranged near the distance between the center of the lens of the position of object side in lamp optical system.
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