CN104880273B - Prestress wire prestressing force measurement apparatus and method - Google Patents
Prestress wire prestressing force measurement apparatus and method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及结构监测领域，具体涉及一种预应力钢绞线预应力测量装置及使用该装置进行预应力测量的方法。The invention relates to the field of structure monitoring, in particular to a prestress measuring device for prestressed steel strands and a method for using the device to measure prestress.
背景技术Background technique
目前预应力钢绞线的预应力测量方法主要由磁通量法、声传感法、微压痕技术以及光纤传感技术等。声传感利用超声波信号在材料中发射、衍射过程中出现的传播速度、幅度、频率等变化，但测量精度不高；微压痕检测通过在微细刚性材料阵列中压入受测材料，从而测量材料对微纳入材料的压入抵抗能力及反应情况，确定材料的力学性质，但在预应力钢绞线受力状态下确定应力状态的方法无确定结果，并且会对钢绞线产生一定的损伤；光纤传感技术预先把布拉格光栅传感器预埋进预应力砼内部的方法来实现检测，但随着时间推移，传感器老化加剧，严重影响测量准确性；磁通量法利用钢材的电磁效应来分析应力分布及损伤等与电磁特性变化的一般规律，但预应力混凝土中预应力钢绞线受力，且无法加载磁性线圈而无法使用；综上，对于预应力钢绞线的预应力测量，目前还没有合适准确的方法。At present, the prestress measurement methods of prestressed steel strands mainly include magnetic flux method, acoustic sensing method, micro-indentation technology and optical fiber sensing technology. Acoustic sensing uses the changes in propagation speed, amplitude, frequency, etc. that occur during the emission and diffraction of ultrasonic signals in materials, but the measurement accuracy is not high; The indentation resistance and response of the material to the micro-incorporated material determine the mechanical properties of the material, but the method of determining the stress state under the stress state of the prestressed steel strand has no definite results, and it will cause certain damage to the steel strand ; The optical fiber sensing technology pre-embeds the Bragg grating sensor into the prestressed concrete to realize the detection, but as time goes by, the aging of the sensor increases, which seriously affects the measurement accuracy; the magnetic flux method uses the electromagnetic effect of steel to analyze the stress distribution However, the prestressed steel strand in prestressed concrete is stressed, and the magnetic coil cannot be loaded, so it cannot be used; in summary, there is no prestress measurement for the prestressed steel strand Appropriate and accurate method.
发明内容Contents of the invention
有鉴于此，本发明的目的是提供一种预应力钢绞线预应力测量装置以及应用该装置进行预应力测量的方法。In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a prestress measuring device for prestressed steel strands and a method for measuring prestress using the device.
本发明的目的之一是通过这样的技术方案实现的，预应力钢绞线预应力测量装置，包括开关单元、充电模块和数据处理模块，所述开关单元通过钢绞线给充电模块充电，所述数据处理模块采集钢绞线的输入信号和钢绞线的输出信号，所述数据处理模块将钢绞线的输入信号和钢绞线的输出信号转化为充电模块的充电时间信号，通过充电时间的变化量得到钢绞线电感的变化量，进而得到钢绞线的预应力变化量。One of the objectives of the present invention is achieved by such a technical solution, the prestressed steel strand prestress measuring device includes a switch unit, a charging module and a data processing module, and the switch unit charges the charging module through the steel strand, so The data processing module collects the input signal of the steel strand and the output signal of the steel strand, and the data processing module converts the input signal of the steel strand and the output signal of the steel strand into the charging time signal of the charging module, and passes the charging time The variation of the steel strand inductance is obtained, and then the prestress variation of the steel strand is obtained.
本发明的目的之二是通过这样的技术方案实现的，一种预应力钢绞线预应力测量方法，包括：Two of the purpose of the present invention is achieved by such a technical scheme, a kind of prestressed steel strand prestress measurement method, comprising:
a.通过开关单元向钢绞线的输入端施加开关信号并给充电模块充电；a. Apply a switch signal to the input end of the steel strand through the switch unit and charge the charging module;
b.采集钢绞线输入端和输出端的信号；b. Collect the signals at the input and output ends of the steel strand;
c.将钢绞线的输入信号和输出信号转化为充电模块的充电时间信号；c. Convert the input signal and output signal of the steel strand into the charging time signal of the charging module;
d.通过充电时间的变化量得到钢绞线电感的变化量，进而得到钢绞线的预应力变化量。d. Obtain the change amount of the inductance of the steel strand through the change amount of the charging time, and then obtain the change amount of the prestress of the steel strand.
由于采用了上述技术方案，本发明具有如下的优点：Owing to adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the present invention has following advantage:
a.实现无损测量，使用本方法，可以实现一种方便快捷的预应力检测，无条件限制，可以适合各种场合的预应力检测；a. To achieve non-destructive measurement, using this method, a convenient and fast prestress detection can be realized, which is unconditional and suitable for prestress detection in various occasions;
b.设备集成化程度高，测量精度高，稳定性好，能够满足长期监测的需求；b. High degree of equipment integration, high measurement accuracy and good stability, which can meet the needs of long-term monitoring;
c.不受外界环境影响，能够反映出结构的真实受力状态。c. It is not affected by the external environment and can reflect the real stress state of the structure.
附图说明Description of drawings
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合附图对本发明作进一步的详细描述，其中：In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:
图1为本发明的原理框图；Fig. 1 is a block diagram of the present invention;
图2为本发明的具体结构电路图。Fig. 2 is a specific structural circuit diagram of the present invention.
具体实施方式detailed description
以下将结合附图，对本发明的优选实施例进行详细的描述；应当理解，优选实施例仅为了说明本发明，而不是为了限制本发明的保护范围。The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings; it should be understood that the preferred embodiments are only for illustrating the present invention, rather than limiting the protection scope of the present invention.
本发明提供一种预应力钢绞线预应力测量装置，包括开关单元、充电模块和数据处理模块，所述开关单元通过钢绞线给充电模块充电，所述数据处理模块采集钢绞线的输入信号和钢绞线的输出信号，所述数据处理模块将钢绞线的输入信号和钢绞线的输出信号转化为充电模块的充电时间信号，通过充电时间的变化量得到钢绞线电感的变化量，进而得到钢绞线的预应力变化量。The invention provides a prestress measuring device for prestressed steel strand, which includes a switch unit, a charging module and a data processing module, the switch unit charges the charging module through the steel strand, and the data processing module collects the input of the steel strand signal and the output signal of the steel strand, the data processing module converts the input signal of the steel strand and the output signal of the steel strand into the charging time signal of the charging module, and obtains the change of the inductance of the steel strand through the variation of the charging time The amount, and then the prestress variation of the steel strand is obtained.
优选的，所述开关单元包括MOS管，所述MOS管的栅极接控制信号，MOS管的源极接钢绞线的输入端，MOS管的漏极接VCC。Preferably, the switching unit includes a MOS transistor, the gate of the MOS transistor is connected to the control signal, the source of the MOS transistor is connected to the input end of the steel strand, and the drain of the MOS transistor is connected to V CC .
优选的，所述充电模块为电容，电容的一端接地，另一端接钢绞线的输出端。Preferably, the charging module is a capacitor, one end of the capacitor is grounded, and the other end is connected to the output end of the steel strand.
优选的，所述数据处理模块包括第一非门、第二非门、第一与非门、第二与非门、计数器和MCU，所述第一非门的输入端与钢绞线的输出端连接，第一非门的输出端与第一与非门的第一输入端连接，所述第一与非门的第二输入端与钢绞线的输入端连接，第一与非门的输出端与第二非门的输入端连接，第二非门的输出端与第二与非门的第一输入端连接，第二与非门的第二输入端接晶振信号，所述第二与非门的输出端与计数器连接，所述计数器的输出端与MCU连接。Preferably, the data processing module includes a first NOT gate, a second NOT gate, a first NAND gate, a second NAND gate, a counter and an MCU, the input of the first NOT gate is connected to the output of the steel strand The output end of the first NAND gate is connected with the first input end of the first NAND gate, the second input end of the first NAND gate is connected with the input end of the steel strand, and the first NAND gate's The output terminal is connected to the input terminal of the second NOT gate, the output terminal of the second NOT gate is connected to the first input terminal of the second NAND gate, the second input terminal of the second NAND gate is connected to the crystal oscillator signal, and the second The output terminal of the NAND gate is connected with the counter, and the output terminal of the counter is connected with the MCU.
在本发明中，定义第一与非门的第一输入端为b端，第二输入端为a端，第二与非门的第一输入端为c端，输出端为d端。In the present invention, the first input terminal of the first NAND gate is defined as terminal b, the second input terminal is terminal a, the first input terminal of the second NAND gate is terminal c, and the output terminal is terminal d.
由单片机控制mos管Q1给钢绞线连接的电容进行充电控制，根据电路可以得到如下逻辑过程：The single-chip microcomputer controls the mos tube Q1 to charge and control the capacitor connected to the steel strand. According to the circuit, the following logic process can be obtained:
①初始状态：a逻辑电平＝0；b逻辑电平＝1；c逻辑电平＝0；①Initial state: a logic level = 0; b logic level = 1; c logic level = 0;
②充电过程：a逻辑电平＝1；b逻辑电平＝1；c逻辑电平＝1；② Charging process: a logic level = 1; b logic level = 1; c logic level = 1;
③充电达到门控开启电平：a逻辑电平＝1；b逻辑电平＝0；c逻辑电平＝0；③ Charging reaches the gate control open level: a logic level = 1; b logic level = 0; c logic level = 0;
因此在c端形成了一个门控信号，使得10MHz晶振产生的信号在门控信号时间内通过，然后由单片机对该段门控时间内通过的信号数量进行计数，从而计算出门控时间。Therefore, a gating signal is formed at the c terminal, so that the signal generated by the 10MHz crystal oscillator passes within the gating signal time, and then the single-chip microcomputer counts the number of signals passing through the gating time to calculate the gating time.
由于加载在钢绞线上的电压U一定，则有根据电磁感应原理，在上电的一瞬间，电流会从0逐渐上升，因此电感会阻碍其上升，造成电容充电时间被延长(电容充满的时间不变，只是开始充电的时间被延迟，因此整体充电时间被延时)。当钢绞线因预应力发生改变后，其电感量会发生相应变化，进而影响电容的充放电时间，因此，只要计算出电容充放电时间的变化量，就可以推算出钢绞线的电感变化量，进而计算出预应力的变化量。Since the voltage U loaded on the steel strand is constant, there is According to the principle of electromagnetic induction, at the moment of power-on, the current will gradually rise from 0, so the inductance will hinder its rise, causing the charging time of the capacitor to be prolonged (the time for the capacitor to be fully charged remains the same, but the time to start charging is delayed, so the overall charging time is delayed). When the steel strand changes due to the prestress, its inductance will change accordingly, which will affect the charging and discharging time of the capacitor. Therefore, as long as the change in the charging and discharging time of the capacitor is calculated, the inductance change of the steel strand can be calculated amount, and then calculate the amount of change in prestress.
对于钢绞线的电感有：The inductance for the steel strand is:
L：电感，单位HL: inductance, unit H
l：导体长度，单位ml: conductor length, unit m
R：钢绞线半径，单位mR: steel strand radius, unit m
u0：真空磁导率，u0＝4π10-7H/mu 0 : Vacuum magnetic permeability, u 0 =4π10 -7 H/m
而钢绞线应力变化造成钢绞线变形后，电感量会发生改变，因此只需要测量出该钢绞线电感值的变化量，即可得到钢绞线的预应力大小。The inductance will change after the stress change of the steel strand causes the deformation of the steel strand, so it is only necessary to measure the variation of the inductance of the steel strand to obtain the prestress of the steel strand.
∵ ∵
∴根据测量得到的电感变化值，可以推算出钢绞线张拉长度的l，钢绞线没发生形变的长度减去发生形变时长度的变化量为Δl；∴ According to the measured inductance change value, the tension length l of the steel strand can be calculated, and the length of the steel strand without deformation minus the change in length when deformation occurs is Δl;
钢绞线张拉的长度和应力有如下对应关系：The length and stress of steel strand tension have the following correspondence:
Δl：钢绞线长度变化量；Δl: change in strand length;
Pp：钢绞线的预应力；P p : prestress of steel strand;
l钢：钢绞线长度；l steel : length of steel strand;
Ap：钢绞线横截面积；A p : cross-sectional area of steel strand;
Ep：钢绞线弹性模量；E p : elastic modulus of steel strand;
可以得到根据之前计算钢绞线电感量与长度的关系，根据测量的电感求出钢绞线的长度变化量，则可以计算出钢绞线的预应力大小。can get According to the previously calculated relationship between the inductance and length of the steel strand, and the length change of the steel strand based on the measured inductance, the prestress of the steel strand can be calculated.
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例，并不用于限制本发明，显然，本领域的技术人员可以对本发明进行各种改动和变型而不脱离本发明的精神和范围。这样，倘若本发明的这些修改和变型属于本发明权利要求及其等同技术的范围之内，则本发明也意图包含这些改动和变型在内。The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Thus, if these modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and equivalent technologies thereof, the present invention also intends to include these modifications and variations.
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| CN106225976B (en) * | 2016-07-07 | 2019-04-02 | 重庆交通大学 | A method of steel strand prestress is measured using electromagnetic viscosimeter principle |
| CN107102038B (en) * | 2017-06-12 | 2023-04-11 | 重庆交通大学 | Cable corrosion damage detection system and method based on equivalent series capacitance measurement |
| CN108489641B (en) * | 2018-03-20 | 2020-06-02 | 重庆交通大学 | Stress measuring device and method for prestressed steel strand |
| CN109900395B (en) * | 2019-04-10 | 2024-10-29 | 四川省交通勘察设计研究院有限公司 | Device capable of monitoring prestress loss in real time |
| CN113847945A (en) * | 2021-09-18 | 2021-12-28 | 上海电力设计院有限公司 | Health monitoring system and method for wind power tower barrel |
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