CN104878240B - Add the TiB in situ of rare earth La2Strengthen Cu-base composites - Google Patents

Add the TiB in situ of rare earth La2Strengthen Cu-base composites Download PDF

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CN104878240B
CN104878240B CN201510330692.0A CN201510330692A CN104878240B CN 104878240 B CN104878240 B CN 104878240B CN 201510330692 A CN201510330692 A CN 201510330692A CN 104878240 B CN104878240 B CN 104878240B
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tib
situ
rare earth
base composites
strengthen
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CN104878240A (en
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王同敏
邹存磊
李廷举
康慧君
陈宗宁
王维
李仁庚
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Dalian University of Technology
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Dalian University of Technology
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Abstract

The present invention provides a kind of TiB in situ for adding rare earth La2Strengthen Cu-base composites, the TiB in situ of the addition rare earth La2Strengthen Cu-base composites, including the following each component of weight proportion:0.5 2wt% TiB2, 0.02 0.10wt% La, surplus be Cu.The present invention is by alloying, in Cu TiB2A certain amount of rare-earth elements La is added in composite, the higher La of surface-active can make TiB2Tiny TiB is generated in generation phase2Particle, disperses TiB in the composite material solidification stage2Particle, is allowed to even dispersion in copper metal matrix, therefore obtains the Cu TiB with good combination property2Cu-base composites.The TiB in situ of rare earth La is added after testing2Strengthen Cu-base composites intensity high, electric conductivity is good.

Description

Add the TiB in situ of rare earth La2Strengthen Cu-base composites
Technical field
The present invention relates to composite technology, more particularly to a kind of TiB in situ for adding rare earth La2Strengthen copper-based composite wood Material.
Background technology
It is also continuous to copper alloy performance with developing rapidly for the fields such as electrotechnical, electronic, track traffic and Aero-Space Propose higher requirement.Such as track traffic contact line, magnetic artillery guide rail not only needs higher electrical conductivity, while needing tool There are higher intensity, good wearability and high temperature resistance softening performance etc..Copper is solid-solution in conductivity theory, copper alloy Scattering process of the lattice distortion caused by atom in matrix to electronics is more much better than than scattering process caused by the second phase, therefore copper Electrical conductivity can be all greatly lowered in the raising of intensity in alloy, and complex intensifying is because second between copper atom, can't Copper is solid-solution in, therefore will not substantially reduce the electric conductivity of Copper substrate, simultaneously because the effect of hardening constituent further improves the room of matrix Temperature and high-temperature behavior, as the main reinforcing means for obtaining high-strength highly-conductive copper-based material.Therefore Cu-base composites in future Development and application in great potential.
Many methods for preparing composite, such as mechanical alloying method, internal oxidation, jet deposition are developed at present Method, conventional casting methods and hot pressing sintering method etc..Wherein, prepared using XD method and conventional casting methods copper-based compound Material has with low cost, it is easy to obtain, the advantages of can preparing large scale sample.The second phase particles of Dispersed precipitate can be fine Strengthen Copper substrate, TiB in ground2Not only conductive, thermal conductivity is good for particle, with high-melting-point, hardness, chemical stability, corrosion resistance and Excellent wearability, makes the conductance thermal conductivity decline of metal smaller compared with other ceramic base particles, makes TiB2/ Cu composite woods Material has higher electrical conductivity and high temperature resistance softening performance, and its standard Gibbs free energy is relatively low, can be by potassium fluoborate, fluorine Potassium titanate complex salt is synthesized, and can also be directly generated by titanium, boron in high temperature, therefore can react generation in metallic matrix situ, Composite enhancing and the Problem of Wettability of matrix prepared by common outer adding method are solved, becomes metal-base composites In the enhancing phase particle that adds extensively.
However, the TiB that directly casting is obtained2TiB in/Cu composites2Strengthen particle diameter larger, substantially all micro- Not, from Orowan equation, micron-sized particle enhancing effect is not very obvious for meter level.In addition, in order to reduce reinforcement TiB2 Particle shows free energy, tends to reunite to the overall performance of the infringement composite that together, this can be more serious.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the present invention to be directed to above-mentioned existing TiB2TiB in/Cu composites2Particle diameter is larger asks for enhancing Topic, proposes a kind of TiB in situ for adding rare earth La2Strengthen TiB in Cu-base composites, the composite2Particle is tiny and disperse Distribution, makes the composite have the advantages that intensity is higher, electric conductivity is good.
To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:A kind of TiB in situ for adding rare earth La2Strengthen copper Based composites, including the following each component of weight proportion:0.5-2wt% TiB2, 0.02-0.10wt% La, surplus be Cu。
Further, the TiB in situ of rare earth La is added2Strengthening Cu-base composites includes the following each group of weight proportion Point:0.1-1.5wt% TiB2, 0.04-0.08wt% La, surplus be Cu.
Another object of the present invention additionally provides a kind of TiB in situ of the addition rare earth La2Strengthen copper-based composite wood The method of material, comprises the following steps:
(1) fine copper is placed in vacuum intermediate-frequency induction melting furnace burner hearth;
(2) vacuum intermediate-frequency induction melting furnace burner hearth is vacuumized into rear reversely charging argon gas;
(3) fine copper is heated to be completely melt and be warming up to 1200-1300 DEG C;
(4) Cu-La intermediate alloys are added to vacuum intermediate-frequency induction melting furnace burner hearth, keeps 3-15min, preferably 5- 10min, makes Cu-La intermediate alloys uniform melt in fine copper;
(5) Cu-B intermediate alloys and Cu-Ti intermediate alloys are added to vacuum intermediate-frequency induction melting furnace burner hearth successively, protected respectively Warm 3-15min, preferably 5-10min;The step generates TiB in Cu matrix situs2Particle reaction formula is as follows:[Ti]+2 [B]→TiB2
(6) adjustment melt temperature is to 1200-1300 DEG C, and is cast in the graphite casting die of preheating, obtains addition rare earth La TiB in situ2Strengthening in Cu-base composites, the material not only strengthens phase TiB2Particle is more tiny, and Dispersed precipitate is in copper In matrix.
Further, step (2) vacuum intermediate-frequency induction melting furnace burner hearth is evacuated to after 5-10Pa, and reversely charging argon gas is extremely 0.02-0.1MPa, preferably 0.05-0.08MPa.
Further, the graphite casting die of step (6) described preheating is the graphite casting die of 250-400 DEG C of preheating, is preferably 300-350℃。
Further, it is necessary to raw material before step (1) adds the raw material into vacuum intermediate-frequency induction melting furnace burner hearth Pre-processed, comprised the following steps:
(1) fine copper, Cu-La, Cu-B and Cu-Ti intermediate alloy are cleaned with watery hydrochloric acid, washes away oxide on surface and miscellaneous Matter;
(2) above-mentioned raw materials are placed in supersonic wave cleaning machine, using washes of absolute alcohol raw material surface, wash away raw material residual Hydrochloric acid and impurity;
(3) raw material after ultrasonic cleaning is dried into 2-3h, preferably 100-130 in air dry oven at 100-150 DEG C 2-2.5h is dried at DEG C.
The TiB in situ of present invention addition rare earth La2Enhancing Cu-base composites scientific formulation, reasonable, its preparation method letter It is single, easy, compared with prior art with advantages below:
(1) present invention is by alloying, in Cu-TiB2A certain amount of rare-earth elements La, surface are added in composite The higher La of activity can make TiB2Tiny TiB is generated in generation phase2Particle, disperses TiB in the composite material solidification stage2 Grain, is allowed to even dispersion in copper metal matrix, therefore obtain the Cu-TiB with good combination property2Copper-based composite wood Material.The TiB in situ of rare earth La is added after testing2Strengthen Cu-base composites intensity high, electric conductivity is good.
(2) preparation method of the present invention can realize the TiB in situ of addition rare earth La2Strengthen the industrialization batch of Cu-base composites Amount production.
Fig. 1 is the TiB in situ for being not added with rare-earth elements La2Strengthen TiB in Cu-base composites2Granular size and distribution feelings The SEM figures of condition;Fig. 2 adds La TiB in situ for the present invention2Strengthen TiB in Cu-base composites2Granular size and distribution situation SEM figure, wherein TiB2Mass percent be 1%, La mass percent 0.04%;By can be with comparison diagram 1 and Fig. 2 , it is evident that when being not added with rare earth La, TiB in composite2Mean particle size is 1.5 μm, but after addition rare earth La, TiB in composite2Particle diameter has been reduced to 0.5 μm or so, and polymerize situation and also obtained very big improvement.
Fig. 3 is addition different quality containing La TiB in situ2Strengthen the tensile strength and elongation percentage of Cu-base composites, Wherein TiB2Weight/mass percentage composition be 1wt%, surplus is Cu;Therefrom, it is apparent that addition La after, Cu-TiB2It is compound Tensile strength has one to be obviously improved, because after addition La, TiB2Particle is more tiny, and in Copper substrate It is uniformly distributed, when being plastically deformed, strong hinders the germinating and extension of crackle, therefore significantly improves compound The tensile strength of material.
The raising of tensile strength can be accompanied by, the decline of elongation is brought.This is because, TiB2Particle is in Copper substrate Middle uneven distribution, in tension test, without TiB2Larger plastic deformation can occur for the position of particle, thus with compared with High elongation.And after addition La, TiB2Particle is uniformly distributed in Copper substrate, when being plastically deformed, TiB2Particle has The generation for preventing large plastometric set of power, therefore elongation is slightly decreased.
Fig. 4 is addition different quality containing La TiB in situ2Strengthen the conductance of Cu-base composites, wherein TiB2Matter Amount percentage composition is 1wt%, and surplus is Cu.After addition rare earth La, electrical conductivity, which has, significantly to be lifted, and is carried by 66.5%IACS Height has arrived 88.5%IACS, improves 33.1%.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the TiB in situ for being not added with rare-earth elements La2Strengthen TiB in Cu-base composites2Granular size and distribution feelings The SEM figures of condition;
Fig. 2 adds La TiB in situ for the present invention2Strengthen TiB in Cu-base composites2Granular size and distribution situation SEM schemes;
Fig. 3 is addition different quality containing La TiB in situ2Strengthen the tensile strength and elongation percentage of Cu-base composites;
Fig. 4 is addition different quality containing La TiB in situ2Strengthen the conductance of Cu-base composites.
Embodiment
The present invention is further described with reference to embodiments:
Embodiment 1
Present embodiment discloses a kind of TiB in situ for adding rare earth La2Strengthen Cu-base composites, including weight proportion is such as Under each component:1wt% TiB2, 0.04wt% La-, surplus be Cu.
The present embodiment adds the TiB in situ of rare earth La2The preparation method for strengthening Cu-base composites is as follows:
Experiment material is pre-processed
By fine copper (purity >=99.97% (mass fraction, similarly hereinafter), the production of Dalian Xin Long foundary industries Co., Ltd), Cu- 10La (La contents 9.9%~10.1%, the coloured institute of Hunan rare earth), Cu-5B (B content 4.9%~5.1%, Ningbo economy technology Be proficient in trade Co., Ltd's production in development zone), Cu-10Ti (in Ti contents 9.9%~10.1%, vacuum induction melting furnace prepare) Intermediate alloy is cleaned with watery hydrochloric acid, washes away oxide on surface and impurity;Surface is cleaned in supersonic wave cleaning machine with absolute ethyl alcohol 5min, washes away the hydrochloric acid and impurity of residual;Material after ultrasonic cleaning is dried into 2h in air dry oven at 100 DEG C;On State weight proportion weighing.
Add the TiB in situ of rare earth La2Strengthen Cu-base composites to prepare
(1) fine copper is added in vacuum intermediate-frequency induction melting furnace burner hearth, by Cu-La, Cu-B and Cu-Ti intermediate alloy It is respectively put into loading hopper;
(2) vacuum intermediate-frequency induction melting furnace burner hearth is evacuated to after 5-10Pa, reversely charging argon gas to 0.06MPa;
(3) vacuum intermediate-frequency induction melting furnace intermediate frequency power supply is opened, tough cathode is heated to and is completely melt and is warming up to 1250 ℃;
(4) Cu-10La intermediate alloys are added from hopper, is kept for 5 minutes, treats its uniform melt in Cu;
(5) Cu-5B and Cu-10Ti are sequentially added, 5 minutes are incubated respectively, following reaction occurs during this period:[Ti]+2 [B]→TiB2, TiB is generated in Cu situs2Particle.
(6) adjustment melt temperature is cast in the graphite casting die through 300 DEG C of preheatings to 1250 DEG C, obtains adding rare earth La TiB in situ2Strengthen Cu-base composites.
The TiB in situ of rare earth La is added described in the present embodiment after testing2Enhancing Cu-base composites tensile strength be 196MPa, elongation percentage are that 39.5%, conductance is 88.5IACS%.
Embodiment 2
Present embodiment discloses a kind of TiB in situ for being not added with rare earth La2Strengthen Cu-base composites and embodiment 1 is basic Identical, the difference is that described La contents are 0.08wt%, weight proportion is as follows:1wt%TiB2, 0.08wt% La, surplus For Cu.
Its preparation method is same as Example 1.
After testing prepared by the present embodiment addition rare earth La TiB in situ2Strengthen the tensile strength of Cu-base composites It is that 49.5%, conductance is 87.7IACS% for 180MPa, elongation percentage.
Reference examples
Reference examples are substantially the same manner as Example 1, the difference is that being not added with rare earth La during dispensing, i.e.,:1wt% TiB2, it is remaining Measure as Cu.
Its preparation method is accordingly without the step (4) in embodiment 1.
The TiB in situ of rare earth La is not added with described in this reference examples after testing2Enhancing Cu-base composites tensile strength be 176MPa, elongation percentage are that 45.5%, conductance is 66.5IACS%.
Finally it should be noted that:Various embodiments above is merely illustrative of the technical solution of the present invention, rather than its limitations;To the greatest extent The present invention is described in detail with reference to foregoing embodiments for pipe, it will be understood by those within the art that:Its according to The technical scheme described in foregoing embodiments can so be modified, or which part or all technical characteristic are entered Row equivalent substitution;And these modifications or replacement, the essence of appropriate technical solution is departed from various embodiments of the present invention technology The scope of scheme.

Claims (1)

1. a kind of TiB in situ for adding rare earth La2Strengthen Cu-base composites, it is characterised in that including following each of weight proportion Component:0.1-1.5wt% TiB2, 0.04-0.08wt% La, surplus be Cu;
The TiB in situ of the addition rare earth La2Strengthen the method for Cu-base composites, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
(1) fine copper is placed in vacuum intermediate-frequency induction melting furnace burner hearth;Add the raw material into vacuum intermediate-frequency induction melting furnace burner hearth Before, it is necessary to be pre-processed to raw material, comprise the following steps:
(a) fine copper, Cu-La, Cu-B and Cu-Ti intermediate alloy are cleaned with watery hydrochloric acid, washes away oxide on surface and impurity;
(b) above-mentioned raw materials are placed in supersonic wave cleaning machine, using washes of absolute alcohol raw material surface, wash away the salt of raw material residual Acid and impurity;
(c) raw material after ultrasonic cleaning is dried into 2-3h in air dry oven at 100-150 DEG C;
(2) vacuum intermediate-frequency induction melting furnace burner hearth is evacuated to after 5-10Pa, reversely charging argon gas to 0.02-0.1MPa;
(3) fine copper is heated to be completely melt and be warming up to 1200-1300 DEG C;
(4) Cu-La intermediate alloys are added to vacuum intermediate-frequency induction melting furnace burner hearth, keeps 3-15min;
(5) Cu-B intermediate alloys and Cu-Ti intermediate alloys are added to vacuum intermediate-frequency induction melting furnace burner hearth successively, 3- is incubated respectively 15min;
(6) adjustment melt temperature is to 1200-1300 DEG C, and is cast in the graphite casting die of preheating, obtains the original of addition rare earth La Position TiB2Strengthen Cu-base composites, the graphite casting die of the preheating is the graphite casting die of 250-400 DEG C of preheating.
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CN107354337B (en) * 2017-07-21 2019-04-05 大连理工大学 Diphase particles in situ enhance Cu-base composites
CN107723501B (en) * 2017-09-30 2019-06-14 河南科技大学 A kind of TiB2The Cu-base composites and preparation method thereof of particle and carbon nanotube mixing enhancing
CN111876628A (en) * 2020-07-31 2020-11-03 苏州金仓合金新材料有限公司 Alloy material for power parts and preparation method thereof

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