CN104878240A - Rare earth La added in-situ TiB2 enhanced copper-based composite material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Rare earth La added in-situ TiB2 enhanced copper-based composite material and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN104878240A
CN104878240A CN201510330692.0A CN201510330692A CN104878240A CN 104878240 A CN104878240 A CN 104878240A CN 201510330692 A CN201510330692 A CN 201510330692A CN 104878240 A CN104878240 A CN 104878240A
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composite material
copper
rare earth
tib
based composite
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CN104878240B (en
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王同敏
邹存磊
李廷举
康慧君
陈宗宁
王维
李仁庚
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Dalian University of Technology
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Dalian University of Technology
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Abstract

The invention provides a rare earth La added in-situ TiB2 enhanced copper-based composite material and a preparation method thereof. The rare earth La added in-situ TiB2 enhanced copper-based composite material comprises, by weight, 0.5-2% of TiB2, 0.02-0.10% of La and the balance Cu. According to the rare earth La added in-situ TiB2 enhanced copper-based composite material and the preparation method, a certain amount of rare earth element La is added in the Cu-TiB2 composite material by means of an alloying method, the La with higher surface activity enables TiB2 to form TiB2 particles at a generation stage, and the TiB2 particles are dispersed at a composite material solidification stage and can be evenly dispersed in a copper metal matrix, so that the Cu-TiB2 composite material with good comprehensive performance is obtained. Detection shows that the rare earth La added in-situ TiB2 enhanced copper-based composite material is high in strength and good in electrical conducting performance.

Description

In-situ TiB with rare earth La addition2Reinforced copper-based composite material and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to a composite material technology, in particular to an in-situ TiB added with rare earth La2A reinforced copper-based composite material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
With the rapid development of the fields of electrics and electronics, rail transit, aerospace and the like, higher requirements are continuously put forward on the performance of copper alloy. Such as a track traffic contact line, an electromagnetic gun guide rail and the like, not only needs higher conductivity, but also needs higher strength, good wear resistance, high-temperature softening resistance and the like. It is known from the conduction theory that the scattering effect of lattice distortion caused by atoms dissolved in the copper matrix in the copper alloy on electrons is much stronger than that caused by the second phase, so that the conductivity of the copper alloy can be greatly reduced by improving the strength, and the conductivity of the copper matrix can not be obviously reduced by the composite strengthening because the second phase is between the copper atoms and is not dissolved in the copper, and simultaneously the room temperature and high temperature performance of the matrix are improved by the effect of the strengthening phase, thus the composite strengthening method becomes a main strengthening means for obtaining the high-strength and high-conductivity copper-based material. Therefore, the copper-based composite material has great potential in future development and application.
Various methods for preparing composite materials have been developed, such as mechanical alloying, internal oxidation, spray deposition, conventional casting, and hot press sintering. Wherein,the copper-based composite material prepared by the in-situ reaction synthesis method and the traditional casting method has the advantages of low cost, easy obtainment, large-size sample preparation and the like. The second phase particles distributed in a dispersion way can well strengthen the copper matrix, TiB2The particles not only have good electric and thermal conductivity, high melting point, hardness, chemical stability, corrosion resistance and excellent wear resistance, but also reduce the electric and thermal conductivity of the metal and enable the TiB to be more compact than other ceramic-based particles2the/Cu composite material has higher conductivity and high-temperature softening resistance, has lower standard Gibbs free energy, can be synthesized by potassium fluoborate and potassium fluotitanate composite salt, and can also be directly generated by titanium and boron at high temperature, so the composite material can be generated in situ in a metal matrix, the problem of wettability of a composite material reinforcing phase and the matrix prepared by a common additional method is solved, and the reinforcing phase particles are widely added in the metal matrix composite material.
However, TiB obtained by direct casting2TiB in/Cu composite material2The diameter of the reinforced particles is larger and is basically in the micron level, and the reinforcing effect of the micron-sized particles is not obvious as can be known from the Olympic equation. Furthermore, to reduce the reinforcement TiB2The apparent free energy of the particles tends to agglomerate together, which can even more severely impair the performance of the composite as a whole.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem of the prior TiB2TiB in/Cu composite material2The problem of larger diameter of reinforced particles is to provide an in-situ TiB added with rare earth La2Reinforced copper-based composite material, TiB in the composite material2The particles are fine and distributed in a dispersed manner, so that the composite material has the advantages of higher strength, good conductivity and the like.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: in-situ TiB added with rare earth La2The reinforced copper-based composite material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 0.5-2 wt% of TiB20.02-0.10 wt% of La,The balance being Cu.
Further, in-situ TiB with rare earth La added2The reinforced copper-based composite material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 0.1-1.5 wt% of TiB20.04-0.08 wt% of La and the balance of Cu.
The invention also provides the in-situ TiB added with the rare earth La2A method of reinforcing a copper-based composite material, comprising the steps of:
(1) placing pure copper in a hearth of a vacuum medium-frequency induction smelting furnace;
(2) vacuumizing a hearth of the vacuum medium-frequency induction smelting furnace and then back-filling argon;
(3) heating to completely melt the pure copper and heating to 1200-1300 ℃;
(4) adding Cu-La intermediate alloy into a hearth of a vacuum intermediate frequency induction smelting furnace, and keeping for 3-15min, preferably 5-10min, so that the Cu-La intermediate alloy is uniformly melted in pure copper;
(5) sequentially adding Cu-B intermediate alloy and Cu-Ti intermediate alloy into a hearth of a vacuum medium-frequency induction smelting furnace, and respectively preserving heat for 3-15min, preferably for 5-10 min; this step generates TiB in situ in the Cu matrix2The particle reaction is as follows: [ Ti ]]+2[B]→TiB2
(6) Adjusting the temperature of the melt to 1200-1300 ℃, and casting the melt into a preheated graphite casting mold to obtain the in-situ TiB added with the rare earth La2Reinforced copper-based composite material in which not only TiB is a reinforcing phase2The particles are finer and are dispersed in the copper matrix.
Further, after the hearth of the vacuum intermediate frequency induction smelting furnace in the step (2) is vacuumized to 5-10Pa, argon is reversely filled to 0.02-0.1MPa, and preferably 0.05-0.08 MPa.
Further, the preheated graphite mold in the step (6) is a preheated graphite mold at 400 ℃ in the range of 250 ℃, preferably at 350 ℃ in the range of 300 ℃.
Further, before the raw material is added into the hearth of the vacuum intermediate frequency induction smelting furnace in the step (1), the raw material needs to be pretreated, and the method comprises the following steps:
(1) cleaning pure copper, Cu-La, Cu-B and Cu-Ti intermediate alloy by using dilute hydrochloric acid, and washing away surface oxides and impurities;
(2) placing the raw materials in an ultrasonic cleaning machine, cleaning the surfaces of the raw materials by adopting absolute ethyl alcohol, and washing away residual hydrochloric acid and impurities of the raw materials;
(3) drying the raw materials subjected to ultrasonic cleaning for 2-3h in a forced air drying box at the temperature of 100-.
In-situ TiB added with rare earth La2The reinforced copper-based composite material has scientific and reasonable formula, and the preparation method is simple and easy to implement, and compared with the prior art, the reinforced copper-based composite material has the following advantages:
(1) the invention adopts an alloying method to prepare Cu-TiB2A certain amount of rare earth element La is added into the composite material, and La with higher surface activity can enable TiB2Generating fine TiB in the generation stage2Particles of TiB dispersed during the solidification of the composite2Particles are uniformly dispersed in the copper metal matrix, so that the Cu-TiB with good comprehensive performance is obtained2A copper-based composite material. Detected in-situ TiB added with rare earth La2The reinforced copper-based composite material has high strength and good electrical conductivity.
(2) The preparation method can realize in-situ TiB added with rare earth La2Industrial mass production of reinforced copper-based composite materials.
FIG. 1 shows in-situ TiB without rare earth element La2TiB in reinforced copper-based composite material2SEM image of particle size and distribution; FIG. 2 shows the in-situ TiB with La added according to the present invention2TiB in reinforced copper-based composite material2SEM image of particle size and distribution, wherein TiB2The mass percent of the La is 1 percent, and the mass percent of the La is 0.04 percent; as is evident from a comparison of FIGS. 1 and 2, no dilution was addedWhen the soil is La, TiB in the composite material2The average particle size of the particles was 1.5 μm, but after addition of rare earth La, TiB was present in the composite2The particle size is reduced to about 0.5 μm, and the polymerization condition is greatly improved.
FIG. 3 is an in situ TiB with different mass fractions of La added2Enhancing the tensile strength and elongation of copper-based composites, wherein TiB21 wt% of Cu in balance; it is evident from this that, after addition of La, Cu-TiB2The tensile strength of the composite material is obviously improved because the TiB is added after the La is added2The particles are finer and are uniformly distributed in the copper matrix, and the initiation and the propagation of cracks are powerfully hindered when plastic deformation occurs, so that the tensile strength of the composite material is obviously improved.
However, the tensile strength is improved, and the elongation is reduced. This is due to the fact that TiB2The particles are unevenly distributed in the copper matrix and, in the tensile test, have no TiB2The particles may be positioned to undergo greater plastic deformation and therefore have higher elongation. And after addition of La, TiB2The particles are uniformly distributed in the copper matrix, and when plastic deformation occurs, TiB2The particles strongly prevent large plastic deformation from occurring and thus the elongation is slightly decreased.
FIG. 4 is an in situ TiB with different mass fractions of La added2Enhancing the electrical conductivity of copper-based composites, wherein TiB2The mass percentage of the alloy is 1 wt%, and the balance is Cu. After the rare earth La is added, the conductivity is remarkably improved from 66.5 percent of IACS to 88.5 percent of IACS, and is improved by 33.1 percent.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows in-situ TiB without rare earth element La2TiB in reinforced copper-based composite material2SEM image of particle size and distribution;
FIG. 2 shows the addition of the present inventionIn situ TiB of La2TiB in reinforced copper-based composite material2SEM image of particle size and distribution;
FIG. 3 is an in situ TiB with different mass fractions of La added2The tensile strength and the elongation of the copper-based composite material are enhanced;
FIG. 4 is an in situ TiB with different mass fractions of La added2And the electrical conductivity of the copper-based composite material is enhanced.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples:
example 1
The embodiment discloses an in-situ TiB added with rare earth La2The reinforced copper-based composite material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 1 wt% of TiB20.04 wt% of La and the balance of Cu.
This example adds in situ TiB of rare earth La2The preparation method of the reinforced copper-based composite material comprises the following steps:
pretreatment of test materials
Cleaning pure copper (the purity is more than or equal to 99.97 percent (mass fraction, the same below), Cu-10La (the La content is 9.9 to 10.1 percent, produced by Dalianxinlong casting industry Co., Ltd.), Cu-5B (the B content is 4.9 to 5.1 percent, produced by Ningbo economic technology development area Jingtong trade Co., Ltd.), Cu-10Ti (the Ti content is 9.9 to 10.1 percent, prepared in a vacuum induction smelting furnace) intermediate alloy with dilute hydrochloric acid, and washing away surface oxides and impurities; cleaning the surface with anhydrous ethanol in an ultrasonic cleaning machine for 5min, and washing off residual hydrochloric acid and impurities; drying the ultrasonically cleaned material in a forced air drying oven for 2h at 100 ℃; the materials are weighed according to the weight ratio.
In-situ TiB with rare earth La addition2Reinforced copper-based compositesPreparation of materials
(1) Adding pure copper into a hearth of a vacuum medium-frequency induction smelting furnace, and respectively putting Cu-La, Cu-B and Cu-Ti intermediate alloys into a feeding hopper;
(2) vacuumizing a hearth of the vacuum medium-frequency induction smelting furnace to 5-10Pa, and then reversely filling argon to 0.06 MPa;
(3) opening a medium-frequency power supply of a vacuum medium-frequency induction smelting furnace, heating until the electrolytic pure copper is completely molten and heating to 1250 ℃;
(4) adding Cu-10La intermediate alloy into a hopper, keeping for 5 minutes, and uniformly melting the intermediate alloy in Cu;
(5) sequentially adding Cu-5B and Cu-10Ti, and respectively preserving the temperature for 5 minutes, wherein the following reactions occur: [ Ti ]]+2[B]→TiB2In situ generation of TiB in Cu2And (3) granules.
(6) Adjusting the temperature of the melt to 1250 ℃, casting the melt into a graphite casting mold preheated at 300 ℃ to obtain the in-situ TiB added with the rare earth La2A reinforced copper-based composite material.
The in-situ TiB added with the rare earth La is detected2The tensile strength of the reinforced copper-based composite material is 196MPa, the elongation is 39.5 percent, and the electric conductivity is 88.5IACS percent.
Example 2
The embodiment discloses an in-situ TiB without rare earth La2The reinforced copper-based composite material is basically the same as the reinforced copper-based composite material in the embodiment 1, except that the La content is 0.08 wt%, and the weight ratio is as follows: 1 wt% of TiB20.08 wt% of La and the balance of Cu.
The preparation method is the same as that of example 1.
The in-situ TiB added with rare earth La prepared by the embodiment is detected2The tensile strength of the reinforced copper-based composite material is 180MPa, the elongation is 49.5 percent, and the electric conductivity is 87.7IACS percent。
Comparative example
The comparative example is substantially the same as example 1, except that no rare earth La is added during compounding, i.e.: 1 wt% of TiB2And the balance being Cu.
The preparation method thereof is correspondingly free of the step (4) in example 1.
The in-situ TiB without rare earth La added in the comparative example is detected2The tensile strength of the reinforced copper-based composite material is 176MPa, the elongation is 45.5 percent, and the electric conductivity is 66.5IACS percent.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. In-situ TiB added with rare earth La2The reinforced copper-based composite material is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: 0.5-2 wt% of TiB20.02-0.10 wt% of La and the balance of Cu.
2. The rare earth La-doped in-situ TiB of claim 12The reinforced copper-based composite material is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: 0.1-1.5 wt% of TiB20.04-0.08 wt% of La and the balance of Cu.
3. The in-situ TiB added with rare earth La of claim 1 or 22A method of reinforcing a copper-based composite material, comprising the steps of:
(1) placing pure copper in a hearth of a vacuum medium-frequency induction smelting furnace;
(2) vacuumizing a hearth of the vacuum medium-frequency induction smelting furnace and then back-filling argon;
(3) heating to completely melt the pure copper and heating to 1200-1300 ℃;
(4) adding Cu-La intermediate alloy into a hearth of a vacuum intermediate frequency induction smelting furnace, and keeping for 3-15 min;
(5) sequentially adding Cu-B intermediate alloy and Cu-Ti intermediate alloy into a hearth of a vacuum medium-frequency induction smelting furnace, and respectively preserving heat for 3-15 min;
(6) adjusting the temperature of the melt to 1200-1300 ℃, and casting the melt into a preheated graphite casting mold to obtain the in-situ TiB added with the rare earth La2A reinforced copper-based composite material.
4. The rare earth La-doped in-situ TiB of claim 32The method for reinforcing the copper-based composite material is characterized in that after the hearth of the vacuum intermediate frequency induction smelting furnace in the step (2) is vacuumized to 5-10Pa, argon is reversely filled to 0.02-0.1 MPa.
5. The rare earth La-doped in-situ TiB of claim 32The method for reinforcing the copper-based composite material is characterized in that the preheated graphite mold in the step (6) is a graphite mold preheated at the temperature of 250-400 ℃.
6. The rare earth La-doped in-situ TiB of claim 32The method for reinforcing the copper-based composite material is characterized in that before the raw materials are added into a hearth of a vacuum medium-frequency induction melting furnace in the step (1), the raw materials need to be pretreated, and the method comprises the following steps:
(1) cleaning pure copper, Cu-La, Cu-B and Cu-Ti intermediate alloy by using dilute hydrochloric acid, and washing away surface oxides and impurities;
(2) placing the raw materials in an ultrasonic cleaning machine, cleaning the surfaces of the raw materials by adopting absolute ethyl alcohol, and washing away residual hydrochloric acid and impurities of the raw materials;
(3) drying the raw materials subjected to ultrasonic cleaning for 2-3h in a forced air drying box at the temperature of 100-150 ℃.
CN201510330692.0A 2015-06-12 2015-06-12 Add the TiB in situ of rare earth La2Strengthen Cu-base composites Active CN104878240B (en)

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107354337A (en) * 2017-07-21 2017-11-17 大连理工大学 Diphase particles enhancing Cu-base composites in situ and preparation method thereof
CN107723501A (en) * 2017-09-30 2018-02-23 河南科技大学 A kind of TiB2Particle and the Cu-base composites of CNT mixing enhancing and preparation method thereof
CN111876628A (en) * 2020-07-31 2020-11-03 苏州金仓合金新材料有限公司 Alloy material for power parts and preparation method thereof

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1401802A (en) * 2002-04-10 2003-03-12 昆明理工大学 Method for mfg. nanograin crystal reinforced copper based material
CN103540829A (en) * 2013-10-29 2014-01-29 大连理工大学 Method and device for in-situ preparing TiB2 strengthened copper-based composite material

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1401802A (en) * 2002-04-10 2003-03-12 昆明理工大学 Method for mfg. nanograin crystal reinforced copper based material
CN103540829A (en) * 2013-10-29 2014-01-29 大连理工大学 Method and device for in-situ preparing TiB2 strengthened copper-based composite material

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107354337A (en) * 2017-07-21 2017-11-17 大连理工大学 Diphase particles enhancing Cu-base composites in situ and preparation method thereof
CN107354337B (en) * 2017-07-21 2019-04-05 大连理工大学 Diphase particles in situ enhance Cu-base composites
CN107723501A (en) * 2017-09-30 2018-02-23 河南科技大学 A kind of TiB2Particle and the Cu-base composites of CNT mixing enhancing and preparation method thereof
CN107723501B (en) * 2017-09-30 2019-06-14 河南科技大学 A kind of TiB2The Cu-base composites and preparation method thereof of particle and carbon nanotube mixing enhancing
CN111876628A (en) * 2020-07-31 2020-11-03 苏州金仓合金新材料有限公司 Alloy material for power parts and preparation method thereof

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