CN104872781B - The solar energy drying method of scallop post - Google Patents
The solar energy drying method of scallop post Download PDFInfo
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- CN104872781B CN104872781B CN201510364959.8A CN201510364959A CN104872781B CN 104872781 B CN104872781 B CN 104872781B CN 201510364959 A CN201510364959 A CN 201510364959A CN 104872781 B CN104872781 B CN 104872781B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L3/00—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs
- A23L3/40—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by drying or kilning; Subsequent reconstitution
- A23L3/42—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by drying or kilning; Subsequent reconstitution with addition of chemicals before or during drying
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/85—Food storage or conservation, e.g. cooling or drying
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of solar energy drying method of scallop post, belong to scallop post manufacture field.The solar energy drying method of scallop post of the present invention includes：Solar energy drying is carried out after scallop post is pre-processed again；Wherein, the pretreatment is by scallop post salt boiling；The solar energy drying parameter is：Temperature is 35 70 DEG C, the 12m/s of wind speed 3, and relative humidity is 4% 13%RH.The influence that the present invention is pre-processed by analyzing different brine concentrations to scallop post solar energy drying, it is determined that the optimal brine concentration of pretreatment scallop post；The present invention has further been investigated the different drying temperatures that pretreated scallop post is dried using solar energy drying equipment, has dried the influence of wind speed and relative humidity to scallop post quality; the final optimum temperature for determining scallop post solar energy drying, dry wind speed and relative humidity; not only ensure to obtain the dried product of high-quality; and drying efficiency is high, cost is low, is adapted to large-scale production.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the solar energy drying method of the drying means of scallop post, more particularly to scallop post, belong to scallop post
Drying field.
Background technology
Scallop (scallop), scallop category, is bivalve mollusks.Scallop delicious meat, nutritive value and medical value compared with
It is high.Scallop post contains the nutriments such as abundant protein, carbohydrate, fat, vitamin and trace element, and containing more
The various bioactivators such as kind amino acid needed by human, unrighted acid, polysaccharide, choline, have anti-oxidant, anti-swollen
A variety of biological functions such as knurl, anti-aging and radioresistance, it is great to develop and utilize value.
Scallop post daylight dryness in the sun sanitary condition is poor, drying time is long, product quality is poor；Electric heating coal hot-air is dried
Energy consumption is big, seriously polluted, has become and restricts the subject matter that scallop post dries industrialization development.Solar energy drying is using too
The energy of sun radiation is converted into heat energy, the drying means that the moisture evaporation in material is removed, has energy-conserving and environment-protective, drying cost
It is low, the features such as drying time is short.Therefore, weight will be had by developing a kind of processing of solar energy drying method of scallop post to scallop post
It is worth.
The content of the invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are to provide a kind of solar energy drying method of scallop post, this method energy-saving ring
Protect, and the drying quality of scallop post is good.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution used in the present invention is：
The invention discloses a kind of solar energy drying method of scallop post, comprise the following steps：Scallop post salt solution is pre-
Solar energy drying is carried out after processing, is produced.
Wherein, the pretreatment is with salt boiling scallop post 5-10min, preferably 8min.
According to mass percent meter, the concentration of the salt solution (i.e. the mixed solution of salt and water) is 2%-10%；It is preferred that
, the concentration of the salt solution is 2%-4%；Most preferably 3%.
The parameter of the solar energy drying is：Drying temperature is 35-70 DEG C, and it is 3-12m/s to dry wind speed, and relative humidity is
4%-13%RH (Relative Humidity)；Preferably, the parameter of the solar energy drying is：Drying temperature is 40-65
DEG C, it is 6-12m/s, relative humidity 7%-13%RH to dry wind speed；Most preferably, drying temperature is 56.83 DEG C, dries wind speed
For 8.87m/s, relative humidity 10.26%RH.
The moisture content of drying base of the solar energy drying to scallop post reaches 20% ± 2%, and drying terminates.The butt is aqueous
Rate is the percentage that scallop post over dry material mass is accounted for containing water quality of scallop post.
The drying means of solar energy of the present invention is applied to any scallop post.
Brine strength during the present invention pre-processes to scallop post carries out optimization experiment, brine concentration is respectively 2%, 3%,
4%th, 6%, 8% and 10%, pretreated scallop post is subjected to solar energy drying, then determines texture, the color and luster of scallop post
With sensory evaluation etc., select to be adapted to the salt of scallop post solar energy drying to precook concentration.As a result show, different brine concentrations are to fan
The dried texture parameter difference opposite sex of Bei Zhu is significantly (P ＜ 0.05)；Wherein, brine concentration be 3% when scallop post cohesive force with
Masticatory force is maximum, reaches (0.37 ± 0.05) Ratio and (34.44 ± 3.51) mJ, is significantly higher than other processing, the mouth of scallop post
Feel best；And lustre index a*, b* value are minimum, Δ E*ab values obtain with being precooked solution treatment group presentation different colours without salt
The scallop post exterior quality arrived is preferable.Various concentrations salt solution of precooking shows to the dried sense organ overall score otherness of scallop post
Write (P ＜ 0.05), being scored when brine concentration is 3% reaches maximum 9.44 ± 0.28.Comprehensive Assessment, salt are precooked solution concentration
For 3% when, dried scallop post performance optimal, full grains, pucker-free, delicious flavour, hardness is moderate, and chewiness is good.
The present invention further carries out single factor test optimization to solar drying temperature, wind speed and relative humidity, investigates to scallop
The influence of post solar energy drying characteristic and energy consumption for drying.
Different drying temperatures and drying time show the influence result of scallop post moisture content of drying base, in solar facilities
Under conditions of wind speed, moisture stable are constant, in identical drying time, scallop post moisture content of drying base is with the rise of temperature
What is declined is faster, illustrates that different drying temperatures have a great influence to scallop post drying time.But temperature is too high to make scallop post surface
Harden, hinder the migration of moisture.Therefore, scallop post is relatively adapted to drying temperature to be 45-55 DEG C.
Difference dries wind speed and drying time shows the influence result of scallop post moisture content of drying base, in solar facilities
Under conditions of temperature, moisture stable are constant, in identical drying time, the rate of drying of scallop post is with the rise of wind speed
And substantially reduce, illustrate that different dry wind speed have an impact to scallop post drying time, drying time can be shortened by improving dry wind speed.
When it is 12m/s to dry wind speed, it is serious that shrinkage degree occurs in scallop post surface, in order to obtain the preferable scallop dried product of quality,
Solar energy drying wind speed is not easy too high.
Difference dries relative humidity and drying time shows the influence result of scallop post moisture content of drying base, is set in solar energy
Standby middle temperature, wind speed stablize it is constant under conditions of, in identical drying time, scallop post moisture content of drying base is with humidity
Rise declines slower, illustrates that different relative humidity have an impact to scallop post drying time.When relative humidity is low, scallop post table
Face is also easy to produce cracking, and relative humidity is smaller, and cracking degree is bigger.Therefore, in order to obtain the preferable scallop dried product of quality, too
The relative humidity that sun can be dried is unsuitable too low.
Different drying temperatures, dry influence significant difference (the P ＜ of wind speed and relative humidity to scallop post water activity
0.05).Under conditions of drying wind speed, moisture constant in solar energy drying, with the extension of drying time, scallop post is dried
Water activity is on a declining curve in journey, and temperature is higher within the same dried time, and water activity declines faster；Drying time
During 6h, water activity is respectively 0.9475,0.9260,0.8880,0.8565 at a temperature of 35 DEG C, 45 DEG C, 55 DEG C, 65 DEG C, difference
Property extremely significantly (P ＜ 0.01).Under conditions of drying temperature, moisture constant in solar energy drying, with the extension of drying time,
Water activity is on a declining curve in scallop post drying process, and wind speed is higher within the same dried time, what water activity declined
It is faster；When drying time is 6h, water activity is 0.9395,0.9115,0.8880 during wind speed 3m/s, 6m/s, 9m/s, poor
, when wind speed is 12m/s, water activity 0.9165, there is the trend risen in different in nature notable (P ＜ 0.05).In solar energy drying
Drying temperature, wind speed it is constant under conditions of, with the extension of drying time, water activity is in declining in scallop post drying process
Trend, and relative humidity is lower within the same dried time, water activity declines faster；When drying time is 6h, humidity
For 4%RH, 7%RH, 10%RH, 13%RH when, water activity is respectively 0.8325,0.8545,0.8880,0.9260, difference
Property extremely significantly (P ＜ 0.01).
Different drying temperatures show the influence result of scallop post texture characteristic, drying wind speed, phase in solar energy drying
Under conditions of humidity relative constancy, with the rise of drying temperature, the hardness of scallop post is in rising trend, cohesive force, elasticity
Dry with chewiness and all reduce after terminating, at 65 DEG C, hardness reaches maximum, and chewiness reaches minimum value.It is competent in the sun
Under conditions of dry drying temperature, relative humidity relative constancy, with the increase for drying wind speed, hardness and chewiness become in rising
Gesture.When it is 9m/s to dry wind speed, hardness when 3m/s, 6m/s with having significant difference (P ＜ 0.05)；It is 12m/ when drying wind speed
During s, chewiness has significant difference (P ＜ 0.05) with other processing, and when it is 9m/s to dry wind speed, elasticity is poor with other processing
It is different in nature significantly (P ＜ 0.05) to consider the texture indices of scallop post, the drying wind speed of solar energy drying not above
12m/s.Under conditions of drying temperature, dry wind speed relative constancy in solar energy drying, with the increase of relative humidity, hardness
On a declining curve with cohesive force, elasticity and chewiness are in rising trend；Under different relative humidity, hardness, cohesive force and chewing
Property with precook after scallop post have significant difference (P ＜ 0.05).Consider relative humidity and texture characteristic is dried to scallop post
Influence, relative humidity is unsuitable too low.Under conditions of drying wind speed, relative humidity relative constancy when solar energy drying, with
The rise of drying temperature, reconstitution rate increase, shrinkage factor reduce.When 55 DEG C of drying temperature, with 35 DEG C of drying temperature, 65 DEG C of receipts
Shrinkage otherness is significantly (P ＜ 0.05).Under conditions of drying temperature, relative humidity relative constancy when solar energy drying, with
The drying wind speed increase of solar energy drying, shrinkage factor is on a declining curve, and it is in rise trend that reconstitution rate is overall, but is when drying wind speed
During 12m/s, reconstitution rate reduces again.When it is 9m/s to dry wind speed, the shrinkage factor otherness with drying wind speed 3m/s, 12m/s shows
Write (P ＜ 0.05), and it is that 3m/s, 12m/s are respectively maximum and minimum value 45.21% and 38.05% to dry wind speed.Different dry
Reconstitution rate otherness is not notable after dry wind speed is dried to scallop post.Drying temperature, dry wind speed when solar energy drying is relatively permanent
Under conditions of fixed, with the rise of solar energy humidity, shrinkage factor is in rising trend, and reconstitution rate is on a declining curve.Work as relative humidity
For 10%RH when, with relative humidity be 4%RH othernesses significantly (P ＜ 0.05).It is and relatively wet when relative humidity is 13%RH
Spend for 4%RH reconstitution rate otherness significantly (P ＜ 0.05), respectively minimum value and maximum.
Different drying temperatures are notable (P ＜ 0.05) to scallop post energy consumption otherness, when 55 DEG C of drying temperature and other temperature
Energy consumption for drying otherness it is notable, energy consumption for drying reaches minimum 0.9kWh.Wind speed is that 12m/s energy consumption for drying reaches maximum
Value 1.2kWh is notable (P ＜ 0.05) with the energy consumption for drying otherness of other wind speed.Energy consumption for drying when relative humidity is 13%RH
It is notable (P ＜ 0.05) with the energy consumption for drying otherness of other relative humidity, reach maximum 1.45kWh.
Consider above three drying parameter, the drying temperature of solar energy drying ranges preferably from 40~70 DEG C, dried
Wind speed should not be higher than 12m/s, and humidity is unsuitable too low, and drying efficiency can be effectively improved in the range of above-mentioned parameter, reduces cost,
Obtain the dried product of high-quality.
The present invention further carries out response surface experiments design to scallop post solar energy drying, analyzes solar energy drying parameter pair
Drying time and the influence of energy consumption for drying, establish drying model, determine the optimal conditions of solar energy drying：Drying temperature is
56.83 DEG C, it is 8.87m/s, relative humidity 10.26%RH to dry wind speed；The drying of its scallop post solar energy drying predicted
Time is 544min, energy consumption for drying 1.338kWh.
For the reliability of auth response surface model, the present invention is simulated using the solar energy drying optimum process of prediction
Experiment, the actual solar energy drying time as a result obtained are 559min, energy consumption for drying 1.42kWh, close with predicted value.
The invention also discloses a kind of solar energy drying equipment for realizing the solar energy drying method, including：Solar energy
Collecting system, air channel, blower fan, Constant Temp. Oven body, auxiliary heating coil and temperature and humidity controller；Wherein, the sun
Energy collecting system passes sequentially through air channel and blower fan and is connected with Constant Temp. Oven body, is provided with inside the Constant Temp. Oven
Aid in heating coil and temperature and humidity controller；Constant Temp. Oven body uses box draft type, and the electric heating constant temperature is dried
One end of casing is air inlet, and the air inlet is connected with air-introduced machine；The other end is air outlet, and hydrofuge is also equipped with the air outlet
Blower fan；Solar thermal collection system has two air inlets and an air outlet, wherein, the air outlet is connected with blower fan, in order to up to
To more preferable effect, deinsectization net and dust screen apparatus can also be installed on the air inlet；
Preferably, the solar thermal collection system and the L-shaped connection of Constant Temp. Oven body；It is furthermore preferred that it is described too
Positive energy collecting system forms collection heat by 9 solar thermal collectors using connection in series-parallel hybrid structures, will be adopted by air-introduced machine
The solar heat collected is sent into Constant Temp. Oven body in the form of hot blast.
The operation principle of solar energy drying equipment of the present invention is：Air is heated by solar heat-collection plate, in blower fan
Under effect, hot-air is transported in drying box by air channel, when being contacted with wet stock, because temperature difference and psychrometric difference are present, is made
The moisture diffusion of material, so that material reaches drying purpose.
Technical solution of the present invention compared with prior art, has the advantages that：
The present invention have studied influence of the different brine concentrations to scallop post solar energy drying, filter out the most suitable food of scallop post
Salt is precooked the concentration of solution；It is of the invention further to carry out solar drying temperature, dry wind speed, relative humidity single factor experiment,
Influence of the different parameters to scallop post drying property and energy consumption is studied, selects suitable parameter area, further utilizes response
Face is designed, and is optimized the solar drying technique of scallop post, is determined optimal solar energy drying parameter.The inventive method energy-conserving and environment-protective,
The drying quality of scallop post is good, is adapted to large-scale production.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the influence of different drying temperatures and drying time to scallop post moisture content of drying base；
Fig. 2 is the influence of different dry wind speed and drying time to scallop post moisture content of drying base；
Fig. 3 is the influence of different dry relative humidity and drying time to scallop post moisture content of drying base；
Fig. 4 is the influence of different drying temperatures and drying time to scallop post water activity；
Fig. 5 is the influence of different dry wind speed and drying time to scallop post water activity；
Fig. 6 is the influence of different dry relative humidity and drying time to scallop post water activity；
Fig. 7 is influence of the different drying temperatures to scallop post shrinkage factor and reconstitution rate；
Fig. 8 is influence of the different dry wind speed to scallop post shrinkage factor and reconstitution rate；
Fig. 9 is influence of the different dry relative humidity to scallop post shrinkage factor and reconstitution rate；
Figure 10 is influence of the different drying temperatures to scallop post solar energy drying energy consumption；
Figure 11 is influence of the different dry wind speed to scallop post solar energy drying energy consumption；
Figure 12 is influence of the different dry relative humidity to scallop post solar energy drying energy consumption.
Embodiment
The invention will now be further described with reference to specific embodiments, advantages of the present invention and feature will be with description and
It is apparent.It should be understood that the embodiment is only exemplary, any restrictions are not formed to the scope of the present invention.This area
Technical staff should be understood that without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention can to the details of technical solution of the present invention and
Form is modified or replaced, but these modifications or substitutions each fall within protection scope of the present invention.
The solar energy drying of the scallop post of embodiment 1
Select that form is good, undamaged Bohai Sea Gulf scallop post 500g, precooked with the aqueous solution of brine concentration 3% (g/ml)
8min, solar energy drying is then carried out using solar energy drying equipment, it is 56.83 DEG C to control drying temperature, wind speed 8.87m/
S, relative humidity 10.26%RH, the dry moisture content of drying base to scallop post is dried when being 20% ± 2% to be terminated.
Dried scallop post good quality, full grains, pucker-free, delicious flavour, hardness is moderate, and chewiness is good.
The solar energy drying of the scallop post of embodiment 2
Select that form is good, undamaged Bohai Sea Gulf scallop post 500g, precooked with the aqueous solution of brine concentration 3% (g/ml)
8min, solar energy drying is then carried out using solar energy drying equipment, it is 55 DEG C, wind speed 9m/s to control drying temperature, relatively
Humidity is 10%RH, and the dry moisture content of drying base to scallop post is dried when being 20% ± 2% to be terminated.
Dried scallop post good quality, full grains, pucker-free, delicious flavour, hardness is moderate, and chewiness is good.
The solar energy drying of the scallop post of embodiment 3
Select that form is good, undamaged Bohai Sea Gulf scallop post 500g, specification is 60~80/500g, every a diameter of 1
~2cm, precooked 10min with the aqueous solution of brine concentration 2% (g/ml), it is competent then to carry out the sun using solar energy drying equipment
Dry, it is 70 DEG C, wind speed 3m/s, relative humidity 13%RH to control drying temperature, and the dry moisture content of drying base to scallop post is
Dry and terminate when 20% ± 2%.
Dried scallop post good quality, full grains, pucker-free, delicious flavour, hardness is moderate, and chewiness is good.
The solar energy drying of the scallop post of embodiment 4
Select that form is good, undamaged Bohai Sea Gulf scallop post 500g, specification is 60~80/500g, every a diameter of 1
~2cm, precooked 5min with the aqueous solution of brine concentration 10% (g/ml), it is competent then to carry out the sun using solar energy drying equipment
Dry, it is 35 DEG C, wind speed 12m/s, relative humidity 4%RH to control drying temperature, and the dry moisture content of drying base to scallop post is
Dry and terminate when 20% ± 2%.
Dried scallop post good quality, full grains, pucker-free, delicious flavour, hardness is moderate, and chewiness is good.
The parameter optimization experiment of the scallop post solar energy drying method of experimental example 1
1st, materials and methods
1.1 test raw material
Scallop post system Bohai Bay breed variety, is purchased from agricultural university of Baoding city science and technology market；Commercially available salt.
1.2 instrument and equipment
Voluntarily research and develop small-sized solar drying equipment：By rich news (GZX-9140MBE) the electric heating air blast thermostatic drying chamber in Shanghai,
Tianjin triumphant elder brother (DFY-80) vortex and centrifugal blower fan and Guangzhou match shellfish (CBA04QUBB) temperature and humidity controller are formed；
Infrared drying case (HW-3)：Tianjin Tuo Pu Instrument Ltd.；
Color evaluating (CR-400 types)：Konica Minolta company；
Corneometer (MB35)：OHAUS companies of Switzerland；
Water activity detecting instrument (FA-stlab)：French GBX companies；
Texture analyser (TMS-Pro types)：FTC companies of the U.S.；
Hand-held anemobiagraph (A R826)：Hong Kong Xi Ma instrument and meters Co., Ltd；
Split warm hygrometer (AR847+)：Hong Kong Xi Ma instrument and meters Co., Ltd；
DY5 Multifunctional power energy detectors：The more Electronics Co., Ltd.s in Shenzhen.
1.3 test method
1.3.1 pretreatment of raw material
Selecting that form is good, undamaged Bohai Sea Gulf scallop post, specification is 60~80/500g, every a diameter of 1~
2cm, freeze in -18 DEG C of refrigerators standby.
1.3.2 the composition of solar energy drying equipment
The equipment source of this experiment in the solar energy drying equipment voluntarily researched and developed, mainly by solar thermal collection system, air channel,
Blower fan, Constant Temp. Oven body, auxiliary heating coil and a few part compositions of temperature and humidity controller.
Solar thermal collection system and Constant Temp. Oven body it is L-shaped connection put, junction be provided with air channel, air-introduced machine and
Aid in heating coil；Solar thermal collection system is by 9 solar thermal collectors using connection in series-parallel hybrid structures collection heat, solar energy
Collecting system air inlet is provided with deinsectization net and dust screen apparatus, and air outlet is connected with air-introduced machine, by air-introduced machine by profit
The solar heat gathered with 9 solar thermal collectors is sent into Constant Temp. Oven body in the form of hot blast；Electric heating constant temperature is dried
Casing uses box draft type, and Constant Temp. Oven body one end is connected to air inlet with air-introduced machine, and the other end is to be provided with
The air outlet of wet-emitting blower；Auxiliary heating coil and temperature and humidity controller are provided with inside Constant Temp. Oven.
The operation principle of solar energy drying equipment of the present invention is：Air is heated by solar heat-collection plate, in blower fan
In the presence of, hot-air is transported in drying box by air channel, when being contacted with wet stock, because temperature difference and psychrometric difference are present,
Make the moisture diffusion of material, so that material reaches drying purpose.
1.3.3 the pretreatment of scallop post solar energy drying
Precooked the influence that solution pre-processes to scallop post solar energy drying to study various concentrations salt, this experiment is in temperature
Degree 55 DEG C under the conditions of, using do not add salt 0% precook solution for compare, the solution that will be precooked by various concentrations salt (2%,
3%, 4%, 6%, 8%, 10%) the scallop post of pretreatment (boiling 8min), which is put into solar energy drying case, is dried, dry wind
Speed is 9m/s, and relative humidity 10%RH, amount per treatment is 700g scallop posts, and experiment is repeated 3 times.Dry to the butt of sample
Dry and terminate when moisture content is 20% ± 1.6%.The texture that scallop post is determined after terminating, color and luster, sensory evaluation are dried, is selected
It is adapted to the salt of scallop post solar energy drying to precook concentration.
1.3.4 the optimization of scallop post solar drying technique
In order to select solar drying temperature, dry wind speed and relative humidity to the scope of scallop post process conditions, this examination
Test and have studied drying temperature respectively, dry three parameters of wind speed and relative humidity to scallop post solar energy drying characteristic and dry energy
The influence of consumption.
(1) influence of the different temperatures to scallop post drying effect
In order to study influence of the different temperatures to scallop post solar energy drying effect, each processing sampling amount is for this experiment
700 ± 30g, by scallop post after optium concentration salt precooks solution processing, it is laid on hothouse waffle slab, sets hothouse
Temperature is respectively 35 DEG C, 45 DEG C, 55 DEG C, 65 DEG C, and it is 9m/s to dry wind speed, relative humidity 10%RH, starts drying.It is dried
The moisture content of drying base and water activity of scallop post are determined in journey per 1h, until the moisture content of drying base of scallop post reaches 20% ± 2%.
After the completion of drying, drying time and energy consumption for drying are recorded, and determines the texture characteristic and shrinkage factor and reconstitution rate of dried product, is tried
Test and be repeated 3 times, each processing compares each other.
(2) influence of the different wind speed to scallop post drying effect
In order to study influence of the different dry wind speed to scallop post solar energy drying effect, this experiment each handles sampling amount
For 700 ± 30g, by scallop post after optium concentration salt precooks solution processing, it is laid on hothouse waffle slab, dries room temperature
Spend for 55 DEG C, it is respectively 3m/s, 6m/s, 9m/s, 12m/s to set and dry wind speed, relative humidity 10%RH, starts drying.It is dry
During dry per 1h measure scallop post moisture content of drying base and water activity, until the moisture content of drying base of scallop post reach 20% ±
2%.After the completion of drying, drying time and energy consumption for drying are recorded, and determine the texture characteristic and shrinkage factor and rehydration of dried product
Rate, experiment are repeated 3 times, and each processing compares each other.
(3) influence of the different relative humidity to scallop post drying effect
In order to study influence of the different humidity to scallop post solar energy drying effect, each processing sampling amount is for this experiment
700 ± 30g, by scallop post after optium concentration salt precooks solution processing, it is laid on hothouse waffle slab, dries room temperature
For 55 DEG C, wind speed 9m/s, relative humidity is set respectively as 4%RH, 7%RH, 10%RH, 13%RH, starts drying.It is dried
The moisture content of drying base and water activity of scallop post are determined in journey per 1h, until the moisture content of drying base of scallop post reaches 20% ± 2%.
After the completion of drying, drying time and energy consumption for drying are recorded, and determines the texture characteristic and shrinkage factor and reconstitution rate of dried product, is tried
Test and be repeated 3 times, each processing compares each other.
1.3.5 assay method
1.3.5.1 the measure of moisture
Initial aqueous rate WDry 0Measure：According to the measure of moisture in standard GB/T/T 5009.3-2010 food, experiment
It is repeated 3 times.
Dry matter content mIt is dryMeasure：mIt is dry=MWet 0*(1-WDry 0)；
Wherein mIt is dryRepresent the content of dry, MWet 0Represent material initial weight, WDry 0Represent the initial aqueous rate of material.
Wet basis moisture content W in drying processWet tCalculating：WWet t=(mWet t-mIt is dry)/mWet t*100；Wherein WWet tRepresent dried
T wet basis moisture content in journey；mWet tRepresent the weight of the material of t times, mIt is dryRepresent the content of dry.
The total moisture content of drying base W of drying processDry tCalculating：WDry t=WWet t/(1-WIt is wet t)*100；
Wherein WDry tRepresent the moisture content of drying base of t in drying process.
1.3.5.2 water activity detecting method
Randomly select three scallop posts to pulverize, weigh the scallop post that about 3.0g is blended, be put into French GBX companies water activity
Measure water activity, sample account for the 3/4 of determination box in determination box, and experiment is repeated 3 times.
1.3.5.3 texture testing method
Using FTC companies of U.S. physical property instrument TPA (Texture Profile Analysis), i.e. texture profile analysis determine
Program, the secondary mastication processes of human oral cavity are mainly simulated, determine hardness, elasticity, the cohesion in scallop post drying process
Property and chewiness.This experiment uses strength sensing member to extrude probe, texture testing ginseng for 1000N, a diameter of 10mm cylindrical type
Count and be repeated 3 times for speed 1mm/s, test speed 180mm/min, compression ratio 50%, compression time interval 0s, experiment before survey.
When being measured using TPA mensuration programs, hardness represents the strength of tooth extruding sample, and elasticity represents deformation sample
The restorable ratio when removing extruding force, the convergent force inside cohesive force representative sample, adhesivity, which represents, overcomes food table
Face with other material surfaces contact between attraction required for energy, its calculated value is equal to multiplying for hardness number and cohesive force
Product, masticatory force represent the energy needed during chewable solid sample, and its calculated value is equal to the product of elasticity number and adhesivity.
1.3.5.4 color measuring method
L* values, a* values and the b* of sample in drying process are determined using Konica Minolta company CR-400 types colour difference meter
Value, color distortion, Δ E* are represented with aberration sizeab=[(Δ L*)2+(Δa*)2+(Δb*)2]1/2.L* values represent lightness, reflection
The brightness of color and luster, value 0-100, L*=0 represent black, and L*=100 represents white, and a* values represent green degree, and+a* represents red
Color ,-a* represent green, and b* values represent yellowing, and+b* represents yellow, and-b* represents blueness, and colour measurement is carried out under natural light, examination
Test and be repeated 3 times.
The Δ E* of table 1abFeel the table of comparisons with observation
1.3.5.5 the assay method of shrinkage factor and reconstitution rate
①
1. in formula, r is shrinkage factor, v is the volume (cm of scallop post before drying3), v0For the volume of scallop post after dry terminate
(cm3), stereometry uses volume displaced method, and replacement media is millet, and experiment is repeated 3 times.
②
2. R in formulafFor reconstitution rate, mf3min is boiled after terminating for sample drying in 100 DEG C of water, cooling drains rear sample
Weight (g)；mgThe weight (g) for draining sample is cooled down after precooking for scallop post, experiment is repeated 3 times.
1.3.5.6 sensory evaluation method
Evaluation group by 10 judging panels (man 5, female 5) composition, to dried scallop post outward appearance, color and luster, flavor and
Mouthfeel is scored, and sensory evaluation scores table is shown in Table 2.
The sensory evaluation scores standard of table 2
1.3.5.7 the measure of energy consumption for drying
Using DY5 electric quantity monitoring instrument, progress electricity survey on AC Power supply socket and corresponding drying equipment is connected to
It is fixed.When drying equipment brings into operation, start recording electricity, until drying end re-records electricity, and power consumption is converted to
Dry the electricity (kWh) of unit mass (in terms of 500g) scallop post consumption.
1.3.6 result of the test statistical analysis technique
Result of the test usesRepresent, significance difference analysis, the level of signifiance are carried out using the softwares of SPSS 20.0
For 0.05 and 0.01, charted using OriginPro8.6.
2nd, result of the test
The result of the test of 2.1 scallop post solar energy dryings pretreatment
2.1.1 various concentrations salt precook solution to scallop post dry after texture influence
Various concentrations salt precook solution to scallop post dry after texture influence it is as shown in table 3.As seen from Table 3, it is different
Concentration salt precook solution to the scallop post dried texture parameter difference opposite sex significantly (P ＜ 0.05), as salt is precooked solution
Concentration increase, hardness be in increased trend, and elasticity is on a declining curve, because protein causes in heated violent dehydration
Casein forms network, and musculature occurs largely to shrink, and reaches irreversible deformation.Brine concentration is 3%
When, the cohesive force of scallop post is maximum with masticatory force, is significantly higher than other processing, reaches (0.38 ± 0.05) Ratio and (36.46
± 3.51) mJ, it can be seen that, when salt precook solution concentration be 3% when, the mouthfeel of scallop post is best.
The various concentrations salt of table 3 precook solution to scallop post dry after texture influence
2.1.2 various concentrations salt precook solution to scallop post dry after color and luster influence
Various concentrations salt precook solution to scallop post dry after color and luster influence it is as shown in table 4.As seen from Table 4, it is different
The dry scallop post chromatic value L* values of brine concentration are between 60.26 to 82.15, and a* values are between 1.87 to 2.98, b* between 20.25
Between 32.66, wherein, L* values represent lightness, reflect the brightness of color and luster, and a* values represent red, and b* values represent yellow.By table 4
It can be seen that as salt is precooked the increase of solution concentration, the increase of L* values, different salt precook solution concentration processing scallop post with not
Through salt precook solution processing L* value differences the opposite sex significantly (P ＜ 0.05)；In the drying process with the progress of drying process, by
Irreversible denaturation occurs in protein, the contact with oxygen, Maillard reaction easily occurs, causes surface to become dark yellow, eats
When salinity is 3%, a*, b* value are minimum, substantially less than other processing, respectively 1.87 ± 0.43,20.25 ± 0.79, Δ E*
For ab values with different colours are presented without salt solution treatment group of precooking, obtained scallop post exterior quality is preferable.
The various concentrations salt of table 4 precook solution to scallop post dry after color and luster influence
2.1.3 various concentrations salt precook solution to scallop post dry after organoleptic indicator influence
Various concentrations salt precook solution to scallop post dry after organoleptic indicator influence it is as shown in table 5.As seen from Table 5,
Various concentrations salt precook solution to the dried sense organ overall score otherness of scallop post significantly (P ＜ 0.05)；Precooked in salt
Solution concentration is 3%, and sense organ overall score reaches maximum 9.44 ± 0.28；From the aspect of color and luster, salt is precooked solution concentration 3%
When with other processing differences significantly (P ＜ 0.05), and reach maximum 2.84 ± 0.22, this is due to that sodium chloride makes into the cell
Outer generation osmotic pressure, accelerate dehydrating speed in scallop post drying process, make scallop post muscle that full grains, complete shape be presented
State.In terms of outward appearance and flavor taste, salt precook solution concentration 3% when, be peak, Comprehensive Assessment result salt is precooked molten
When liquid concentration is 3%, full grains, pucker-free, delicious flavour, hardness is moderate, and chewiness is preferable.
The various concentrations salt of table 5 precooks solution to sensory evaluation scores result after the drying of scallop post
To sum up, precook solution processing of various concentrations salt makes the texture parameter of scallop post solar energy drying, color and luster parameter
Influence otherness significantly (P ＜ 0.05), salt precook solution concentration for 3% when texture parameter, color and luster parameter be substantially better than it
The scallop post of his concentration processing；And salt precook solution concentration for 3% when, scallop post sensory evaluation is best, is easily connect by consumer
By.Consider, determine scallop post solar energy drying pretreatment salt precook solution concentration be 3%.
The result of the test of 2.2 scallop post solar energy dryings
2.2.1 the influence of different drying temperatures, wind speed and relative humidity to scallop post moisture content of drying base
(1) influence of different drying temperatures and drying time to scallop post moisture content of drying base
The influence of different drying temperatures and drying time to scallop post moisture content of drying base is as shown in Figure 1.It can be seen from figure 1 that with
The extension of drying time, scallop post moisture content of drying base is on a declining curve, tends to be slow to the change of the later stage of drying moisture content of drying base.
In solar facilities, dry wind speed, moisture stable it is constant under conditions of, in identical drying time, scallop post butt
Moisture content is faster as the rise of temperature declines, and illustrates that different drying temperatures have a great influence to scallop post drying time.Not
At 35 DEG C, 45 DEG C, 55 DEG C, 65 DEG C same of drying temperature, target moisture content is dried to from initial moisture content of drying base 378.71%
Value, required drying time is 16h, 12h, 9h, 8h respectively, illustrates that drying time can be shortened by improving drying temperature.Scallop post
The speed of rate of drying be to be determined by the diffusion rate of material internal moisture, the diffusion of moisture is divided into the direct of surface moisture
To two parts of external diffusion, the evaporation for drying surface moisture at initial stage plays decisive influence to rate of drying for evaporation and internal moisture,
As temperature raises, surface moisture migration rate is accelerated, and the later stage of drying is determined by internal moisture migration rate, the too high meeting of temperature
Scallop post surface is hardened, hinders the migration of moisture.As can be seen here, scallop post is relatively adapted to drying temperature to be 45-55 DEG C.
(2) the different influences for drying wind speed and drying time to scallop post moisture content of drying base
It is as shown in Figure 2 that difference dries the influence of wind speed and drying time to scallop post moisture content of drying base.As it is clear from fig. 2 that with
The extension of drying time, scallop post moisture content of drying base is on a declining curve, and the change of the later stage of drying moisture content of drying base tends to be slow.
Under conditions of drying temperature, moisture stable are constant in solar facilities, in identical drying time, scallop post butt contains
Water rate substantially reduces with the rise of wind speed, illustrates that different wind speed have an impact to scallop post drying time.In different dryings
Under wind speed 3m/s, 6m/s, 9m/s, 12m/s, dried from initial moisture content of drying base 378.71% to target moisture content value, difference
Required drying time is 11h, 10h, 9h, 9h, illustrates that drying time can be shortened by improving dry wind speed.This is due to raising wind
Speed can accelerate scallop post diffusion into the surface speed, accelerate water translocation speed, so that rate of drying is accelerated, drying time contracting
It is short.When it is 12m/s to dry wind speed, it is serious that shrinkage degree occurs in scallop post surface, drying in order to obtain the preferable scallop of quality
Product, solar energy wind speed are unsuitable too high.
(3) the different influences for drying relative humidity and drying time to scallop post moisture content of drying base
The influence of different relative humidity and drying time to scallop post moisture content of drying base is as shown in Figure 3.It can be seen from figure 3 that with
The extension of drying time, scallop post moisture content of drying base is on a declining curve, and the change of the later stage of drying moisture content of drying base tends to be slow.
In solar facilities temperature, wind speed stablize it is constant under conditions of, in identical drying time, scallop post moisture content of drying base
The slower of decline is raised with humidity, illustrates that different relative humidity have an impact to scallop post drying time.In different dryings
Under relative humidity 4%RH, 7%RH, 10%RH, 13%RH, it is dried to Target moisture from initial moisture content of drying base 378.71% and contains
Value, required drying time is 8h, 8h, 9h, 10h respectively, and illustrating, which reduces humidity and wind, can shorten drying time.This be by
The humidity value between scallop post and dry hot-air is increased in reducing the relative humidity in hothouse, rate of drying is accelerated.When
When relative humidity is low, scallop post surface easily produces cracking, and relative humidity is smaller, and cracking degree is bigger.Therefore, in order to obtain product
The preferable scallop dried product of matter, the relative humidity of solar energy drying are unsuitable too low.
2.2.2 the influence of different drying temperatures, wind speed and relative humidity to scallop post water activity
(1) influence of different drying temperatures and drying time to scallop post water activity
The influence of different drying temperatures and drying time to scallop post water activity is as shown in Figure 4.As seen from Figure 4, too
Under conditions of the positive drying wind speed that can be dried, moisture constant, with the extension of drying time, moisture is lived in scallop post drying process
Spend on a declining curve, and temperature is higher within the same dried time, and water activity declines faster.At the initial stage of drying, moisture is lived
Degree change unobvious, from drying time 6h when, at a temperature of 35 DEG C, 45 DEG C, 55 DEG C, 65 DEG C water activity be respectively 0.9475,
0.9260th, 0.8880,0.8565, otherness is extremely significantly (P ＜ 0.01).The water activity difference of scallop post does not show at the end of drying
Write.Scallop post dehydration at initial stage is dried mainly due to the moisture on surface to external diffusion, the rate of change of water activity is slow, dries
Later stage scallop post water translocation depends primarily on the diffusion of internal junction Heshui, and solar energy temperature is high, accelerates internal junction Heshui
Migration rate, so as to which water activity rate of change is fast.As can be seen here, drying temperature is unsuitable too low, too low when directly affecting dry
Between.
(2) the different influences for drying wind speed and drying time to scallop post water activity
It is as shown in Figure 5 that difference dries the influence of wind speed and drying time to scallop post water activity.From figure 5 it can be seen that too
Under conditions of the positive drying temperature that can be dried, moisture constant, with the extension of drying time, moisture is lived in scallop post drying process
Spend on a declining curve, and wind speed is higher within the same dried time, and water activity declines faster.Initial moisture activity is dried to become
Change little, when drying time is 6h, water activity is 0.9395,0.9115,0.8880 during wind speed 3m/s, 6m/s, 9m/s,
Significantly (P ＜ 0.05), when wind speed is 12m/s, water activity 0.9165, there is the trend risen in otherness.This may be due to
Wind speed is excessive to cause the increase of scallop post Surface hardened layer degree, and material internal moisture can not discharge in time, make internal moisture vapour pressure
Increase, so as to cause water activity to rise again.Therefore, the drying wind speed of solar energy drying is unsuitable too high, just can guarantee that scallop post
Quality.
(3) influence of different relative humidity and drying time to scallop post water activity
The influence of different relative humidity and drying time to scallop post water activity is as shown in Figure 6.As seen from Figure 6, too
Under conditions of drying temperature, the wind speed that can dry of sun are constant, with the extension of drying time, moisture work in scallop post drying process
Spend on a declining curve, and relative humidity is lower within the same dried time, and water activity declines faster.Initial moisture is dried to live
Degree change is little, and when drying time is 6h, during humidity 4%RH, 7%RH, 10%RH, 13%RH, water activity is respectively
0.8325th, 0.8545,0.8880,0.9260, otherness is extremely significantly (P ＜ 0.01).At the end of drying, the moisture of different disposal is lived
It is not notable to spend otherness, is below 0.8.Humidity is reduced, is advantageous to shorten drying time, but humidity is too low, influences scallop post table
Face quality, so the humidity of solar energy drying is unsuitable too low.
2.2.3 the influence of different drying temperatures, dry wind speed and relative humidity to scallop post texture characteristic
(1) influence of the different drying temperatures to scallop post texture characteristic
Influence of the different drying temperatures to scallop post texture characteristic is as shown in table 6.It can be seen that in the dry wind of solar energy drying
Under conditions of speed, relative humidity relative constancy, with the rise of temperature, the hardness of scallop post is in rising trend, cohesive force, elasticity
Dry with chewiness and all reduce after terminating, at 65 DEG C, hardness reaches maximum, and chewiness reaches minimum value.New fresh scallops post
With precook after scallop post and dry and terminate rear hardness, elasticity, cohesive force and chewiness otherness significantly (P ＜ 0.05), with
The rise of temperature, hardness increase, this is due to that temperature makes scallop post protein denaturation in drying process, and internal muscular is gradually received
Contracting deforms upon, and declines chewiness.
Influence of the 6 different drying temperatures of table to scallop post texture characteristic
(2) the different influences for drying wind speed to scallop post texture characteristic
It is as shown in table 7 that difference dries influence of the wind speed to scallop post texture characteristic.As seen from Table 7, in solar energy temperature, phase
Under conditions of humidity relative constancy, with the increase of wind speed, hardness and chewiness are in rising trend.New fresh scallops post is with precooking
Scallop post and drying afterwards terminates rear hardness, elasticity, cohesive force and chewiness and has significant difference (P ＜ 0.05)；Work as wind speed
For 9m/s when, have significant difference (P ＜ 0.05) when hardness and 3m/s, 6m/s, but there was no significant difference during with 12m/s；Work as wind
When speed is 12m/s, chewiness has significant difference (P ＜ 0.05) with other processing, and this may be too high due to wind speed, makes scallop post
Crack surface hardening is produced in drying process, chewiness increase influences mouthfeel.When wind speed is 9m/s, elasticity is poor with other processing
Different in nature notable (P ＜ 0.05).So considering the texture indices of scallop post, the drying wind speed of solar energy drying can not
Higher than 12m/s.
The different influences for drying wind speed to scallop post texture characteristic of table 7
(3) the different influences for drying relative humidity to scallop post texture characteristic
It is as shown in table 8 that difference dries influence of the relative humidity to scallop post texture characteristic.As seen from Table 8, it is competent in the sun
Dry drying temperature, under conditions of drying wind speed relative constancy, with the increase of relative humidity, hardness and cohesive force become in decline
Gesture, elasticity and chewiness are in rising trend；New fresh scallops post and scallop post after precooking and drying terminate rear hardness and chewing
Property has significant difference (P ＜ 0.05)；Under different relative humidity, hardness, cohesive force and chewiness and the scallop post after precooking
There are significant difference (P ＜ 0.05), relative humidity 10%RH, hardness illustrates phase with having significant difference when 4%RH, 7%RH
The hardness of scallop post is influenceed on humidity, when relative humidity is 13%RH, elasticity, cohesive force index and other processing differences are notable
(P ＜ 0.05).So considering the influence that relative humidity dries texture characteristic to scallop post, relative humidity is unsuitable too low.
Influence of the 8 different relative humidity of table to scallop post texture characteristic
2.2.4 the influence of different drying temperatures, wind speed and relative humidity to scallop post shrinkage factor and reconstitution rate
(1) influence of the different drying temperatures to scallop post shrinkage factor and reconstitution rate
Different drying temperatures are as shown in Figure 7 to the shrinkage factor and reconstitution rate of scallop post.From fig.7, it can be seen that work as solar energy drying
Drying wind speed, under conditions of relative humidity relative constancy, with the rise of drying temperature, reconstitution rate increase, shrinkage factor reduces,
But solar energy temperature is small when being 45 DEG C of 55 DEG C of shrinkage ratio.When 55 DEG C of drying temperature, with 35 DEG C of temperature, 65 DEG C of shrinkage factor
Otherness is not significantly (P ＜ 0.05), notable with temperature 45 C otherness, and when temperature is 45 DEG C, shrinkage factor is minimum value
40.84%.This is due to that scallop post internal muscular fibre structure has a relation, and scallop post protein content is high, with the rise of temperature,
The muscle fibril and collagenous fibres of muscle shrink, and form the larger gradation of moisture, internal stress difference prevent fibre bundle from
Shrink and crack simultaneously, temperature is higher, and internal fiber beam active force is bigger, and caused crackle is bigger, and shrinkage factor gradually subtracts
It is small.When drying temperature is 35 DEG C and 65 DEG C to reconstitution rate otherness significantly (P ＜ 0.05), and temperature is 35 DEG C and 65 DEG C and reached respectively
To minimum value and maximum 39.62%, 44.75%.This is due to that caused space is bigger in scallop post drying process, with temperature
The change of degree, reconstitution rate is in rising trend, therefore the internal muscular fibre structure of scallop post is the major reason for influenceing reconstitution rate.
(2) the different influences for drying wind speed to scallop post shrinkage factor and reconstitution rate
It is as shown in Figure 8 to scallop post shrinkage factor and reconstitution rate that difference dries wind speed.As seen from Figure 8, when solar energy drying
Under conditions of drying temperature, relative humidity relative constancy, increase with wind speed is dried, shrinkage factor is on a declining curve, and reconstitution rate is total
Body is in rise trend, but when wind speed is 12m/s, reconstitution rate reduces again.When dry wind speed be 9m/s when, with wind speed 3m/s,
12m/s shrinkage factor otherness is notable (P ＜ 0.05), and wind speed is that 3m/s, 12m/s are respectively maximum and minimum value
45.21% and 38.05%.Reconstitution rate otherness is not notable after different wind speed are dried to scallop post.The dry wind of solar energy drying
Speed is bigger, and scallop post internal muscular fibration power is bigger, and caused space, crackle are bigger, so, shrinkage factor is smaller, rehydration
Rate is bigger.
(3) the different influences for drying relative humidity to scallop post shrinkage factor and reconstitution rate
The shrinkage factor and reconstitution rate that the dry relative humidity of difference is dried to scallop post are as shown in Figure 9.As seen from Figure 9, when too
Under conditions of the positive drying temperature that can be dried, wind speed relative constancy, with the rise for drying relative humidity, shrinkage factor becomes in rising
Gesture, reconstitution rate are on a declining curve.It is 4%RH othernesses significantly (P ＜ with relative humidity when relative humidity is 10%RH
0.05) it is, but with relative humidity that 7%RH, 13%RH otherness is not notable.When relative humidity is 13%RH, with relative humidity
For 4%RH reconstitution rate otherness significantly (P ＜ 0.05), respectively minimum value and maximum.As can be seen here, solar energy phase is reduced
To humidity, be advantageous to box house heat exchange, accelerate rate of water migration, caused crackle, space are bigger, and shrinkage factor subtracts
Small, reconstitution rate increases.
2.2.5 the influence of different drying temperatures, wind speed and relative humidity to scallop post energy consumption for drying
(1) influence of the different drying temperatures to scallop post energy consumption for drying
Influence of the different drying temperatures to scallop post energy consumption for drying is as shown in Figure 10.As seen from Figure 10, different drying temperatures
To scallop post energy consumption otherness significantly (P ＜ 0.05), when 55 DEG C of drying temperature is notable with the energy consumption for drying otherness of other temperature,
When drying temperature is 55 DEG C, energy consumption for drying reaches minimum 0.9kWh.This is due to that temperature is 35 DEG C, 45 DEG C, when drying
Between it is long, the temperature of drying box, which does not reach relevant temperature, can open electric calorifie installation, maintain spin manifold temperature, and energy consumption for drying is high, when dry
When dry temperature is 65 DEG C, electric calorifie installation longevity of service, energy consumption for drying is higher.So in order to reduce energy consumption for drying as far as possible, dry
Temperature is unsuitable too high.
(2) the different influences for drying wind speed to scallop post energy consumption for drying
It is as shown in figure 11 that difference dries influence of the wind speed to scallop post energy consumption for drying.As seen from Figure 11, when dry wind speed is
During 12m/s, notable (P ＜ 0.05) with drying the energy consumption for drying otherness that wind speed is 3m/s, 6m/s, 9m/s, now wind speed is
12m/s energy consumption for drying reaches maximum 1.2kWh.When this is due to that wind speed is big, air output increases blower fan per hour, required
The power consumption quantitative change wanted is big, so that energy consumption for drying becomes big, when wind speed is smaller, relatively dry time length, power consumption can increase.
(3) the different influences for drying relative humidity to scallop post energy consumption for drying
It is as shown in figure 12 that difference dries influence of the relative humidity to scallop post energy consumption for drying.From Figure 12, when relatively wet
Spend for 13%RH when, with relative humidity be 4%RH, 7%RH, 10%RH energy consumption for drying otherness significantly (P ＜ 0.05), relatively
Energy consumption for drying reaches maximum 1.45kWh when humidity is 13%RH；When relative humidity is 10%RH, it is with relative humidity
4%RH, 13%RH energy consumption for drying otherness significantly (P ＜ 0.05), with energy consumption for drying otherness that relative humidity is 7%RH not
Significantly.This is due to dry humidity increase, and drying time is elongated, and humidification meter can increase power consumption, so that total energy consumption increases.Institute
So that it is unsuitable excessive to dry humidity.
To sum up, although drying temperature is too high, wind speed is excessive to shorten drying time to a certain extent, can also influence to do
Product property.Dry humidity also to have a certain impact to scallop post drying quality, when humidity is too high, energy consumption for drying is high.Therefore, it is comprehensive
Close and consider three drying parameters, the drying temperature of solar energy drying ranges preferably from 40~70 DEG C, and drying wind speed should not be higher than
12m/s, dry humidity not preferably less than 4%, be dried in the range of above-mentioned parameter can effectively improve drying efficiency, reduce into
This,
Obtain the dried product of high-quality.
The response phase method optimization of the scallop post solar energy drying method of experimental example 2
1st, test method
In order to study the drying temperature of solar energy drying, dry three factors of wind speed and relative humidity to solar drying
The influence of skill, for the present invention on the basis of experimental example 1, each sampling amount that handles is 700 ± 30g, and three are carried out using box-behnken
The hydraulic test of factor three designs, with drying time Y1With energy consumption for drying Y2For index, to drying temperature X1, wind speed X2, relative humidity
X3Optimize, experiment is repeated 3 times.Response surface experiments factor level design table is shown in Table 9.
The response surface experiments factor level of table 9 designs table
Using drying time and energy consumption for drying as evaluation index, if the prediction of scallop post solar energy drying time and energy consumption for drying
Model is：
Y=a0+a1X1+a2X2+a3X3+a12X1X2+a13X1X3+a23X2X3+a11X1 2+a22X2 2+a33X3 2
2nd, experimental result
2.1 scallop post solar energy drying response surface experiments design and result
Solar drying technique condition is carried out with Design Expert 8.0.6 software Box-behnken experimental designs
Optimization, each factor test design scheme and the results are shown in Table 10.
The scallop post solar energy drying response surface experiments scheme of table 10 and result
The foundation of 2.2 regression models
The data of table 10 are analyzed using Design Expert 8.0.6 softwares, with drying temperature (X1), dry wind
Speed (X2) and relative humidity (X3) it is experimental factor, establish drying time (Y1) and energy consumption for drying (Y2) secondary multinomial recurrence mould
Type.Drying time (the Y of acquisition1) and energy consumption for drying (Y2) secondary multinomial regression model be：
Y1=+556.80-15.87X1-2.50X2-15.63X3+43.50X1X2+23.75X1X3+9.50X2X3+33.73X1 2+
38.47X2 2+67.73X3 2
Y2=+1.34-0.026X1-0.019X2-0.037X3+0.080X1X2+0.058X1X3+0.022X2X3+0.100X1 2+
0.11X2 2+0.16X3 2
The variance analysis test of 2.3 models
2.3.1 the variance analysis test of drying time regression model
The variance analysis test table of the secondary multinomial regression model of drying time is as shown in table 11.As seen from Table 11, dry
The F values of the regression model of time are 24.762, P ＜ 0.01, illustrate that the model is extremely notable；It is 0.5262 ＞ 0.05 to lose plan item P values,
Illustrate that mistake plan item is not notable, model has preferable fitness.The determination coefficients R of drying time regression model2=0.9695, correction
Coefficients R2=0.9304, degree of fitting ＞ 90%, illustrate measured value and predicted value has a higher correlation, drying time it is secondary
Multinomial regression model and result of the test have preferable fitness, can reaction response value changes, error is smaller, can use this model
Influence of the solar energy drying parameter to drying time is analyzed and predicted.
The variance analysis test table of table 11 drying time regression model
From table it was found from F values, independent variable quadratic term X3 2The influence of (relative humidity) to drying time significantly (P ＜
0.0001), interaction item X1X2(drying temperature drying wind speed), quadratic term X1 2, quadratic term X2 2Influence to drying time is very aobvious
Write (P ＜ 0.01)；First order X1、X3, interaction item X1X3Influence to drying time is notable (P ＜ 0.05), first order X2, interaction item
X2X3Influence to drying time significantly (P ＞ 0.05), does not illustrate master of three parameters of solar energy drying to scallop post drying time
Effect is obvious.
2.3.2 the variance analysis test of energy consumption for drying regression model
The variance analysis test table of the secondary multinomial regression model of energy consumption for drying is as shown in table 12.As seen from Table 12, dry
The F values of the regression model of energy consumption are 16.83899, P ＜ 0.01, illustrate that the model is extremely notable；It is 0.1598 ＞ to lose plan item P values
0.05, illustrate that mistake plan item is not notable, model has preferable fitness.The determination coefficients R of energy consumption for drying regression model2=
0.9559, correction coefficient R2=0.8991, illustrate measured value and predicted value have a higher correlation, energy consumption for drying it is secondary more
Regression model has preferable fitness with result of the test, can reaction response value changes, error is smaller, can use this model pair
Influence of the solar energy drying parameter to energy consumption for drying is analyzed and predicted.
From table it was found from F values, independent variable quadratic term X3 2The influence otherness of (relative humidity) to energy consumption for drying significantly (P ＜
0.001), interaction item X1X2(drying temperature drying wind speed), quadratic term X1 2, quadratic term X2 2Influence otherness to energy consumption for drying
Highly significant (P ＜ 0.01)；First order X3, interaction item X1X3Influence otherness to energy consumption for drying is notable (P ＜ 0.05), once
Item X1、X2, interaction item X2X3Influence to energy consumption for drying is not notable, illustrates that three parameters of solar energy drying dry energy to scallop post
The main effect of consumption is obvious.
The variance analysis test of the energy consumption for drying regression model of table 12
The checking of 2.4 regression models
Solar energy drying parameter is obtained to drying time and the shadow of energy consumption for drying using Design Expert response surface analysises
Result is rung, has obtained the Optimal technique process of solar energy drying：Drying temperature is 56.83 DEG C, and it is 8.87m/s to dry wind speed, phase
It is 10.26%RH to humidity, the drying time of its scallop post solar energy drying predicted is 544min, and energy consumption for drying is
1.338kW·h。
For the reliability of auth response surface model, the present invention is simulated using the solar energy drying optimum process of prediction
Experiment, obtained actual solar energy drying time be 559min, energy consumption for drying 1.42kWh, close with predicted value, it was demonstrated that to answer
Factor with response phase method optimization solar drying technique is feasible.
To sum up, the present invention have studied the corresponding relation between each factor and response, it is determined that scallop post solar energy drying
The optimum condition of technique is：Drying temperature is 56.83 DEG C, and it is 8.87m/s, relative humidity 10.26%RH to dry wind speed.
Claims (1)
- A kind of 1. solar energy drying method of scallop post, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：Scallop post is carried out in advance with salt solution Solar energy drying is carried out using solar energy drying equipment after processing, produced；The pretreatment is with salt boiling scallop post；According to mass percent meter, the concentration of the salt solution is 3%, described to use salt The time of boiling scallop post is 8min；The parameter of the solar energy drying is：Drying temperature is 56.83 DEG C, and it is 8.87m/s to dry wind speed, and relative humidity is 10.26%RH.
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