CN104872583A - Whole potato starch preparation technology by freeze drying method - Google Patents

Whole potato starch preparation technology by freeze drying method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104872583A
CN104872583A CN201510298399.0A CN201510298399A CN104872583A CN 104872583 A CN104872583 A CN 104872583A CN 201510298399 A CN201510298399 A CN 201510298399A CN 104872583 A CN104872583 A CN 104872583A
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Prior art keywords
potato
potato starch
freeze
drying
potatoes
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CN201510298399.0A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
曾凡逵
刘刚
林罡
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Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics LICP of CAS
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Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics LICP of CAS
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Priority to CN201510298399.0A priority Critical patent/CN104872583A/en
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23VINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
    • A23V2002/00Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs

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  • Preparation Of Fruits And Vegetables (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a whole potato starch preparation technology by a freeze drying method and belongs to the technical field of potato processing. The whole potato starch preparation technology includes the steps of taking fresh potatoes as a raw material, subjecting the potatoes to cleaning, peeling and slicing, soaking the sliced potatoes in color-protecting liquid for color protection, taking out for draining and quick freezing, and placing in a freeze drying bin for freeze drying and dewatering; subjecting the dried and dewatered potatoes to smashing, sieving and packing to obtain whole potato starch. The whole potato starch preparation technology by the freeze drying method has the advantages that activity, color, aroma and taste of the potatoes can be kept in the whole potato starch maximally, and a high-quality product can be obtained, so that the prepared whole potato starch has biological activity in protein, a gluten network structure can be formed by the aid of protein crosslinks during dough kneading, the problem of low processing performance of a potato dough used for processing needles and steamed buns is solved, and the whole potato starch preparation technology is significant to propulsion of making the potatoes as staple food.

Description

Freeze-drying prepares the technique of potato starch
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of preparation technology of potato starch, particularly relate to the technique that a kind of freeze-drying prepares potato starch, belong to Potato ring rot bacteria technical field.
Background technology
Potato (formal name used at school: solanumtuberosum), belong to Solanaceae herbaceos perennial, stem tuber can be edible, is the third-largest important cereal crops in the whole world, is only second to wheat and maize.Potato also known as potato, potato, foreign sweet potato etc., the stem tuber of plant of Solanaceae.With wheat, corn, paddy, Chinese sorghum be called the large crop in the world five.
According to United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) statistics, within 2013, global potato yield is 3.681 hundred million tons, and potato planting area and the output of China all rank first in the world, and 2013 annual productions are 8,893 ten thousand tons, account for 24.16% of Gross World Product.2015, the Ministry of Agriculture announced potato to upgrade to the third-largest cereal crops of China after paddy rice and wheat.To the year two thousand twenty, potatoes cultivated area will be doubled on the basis of existing cultivated area, will have half potato when the time comes and be used for staple food consumption.
Staple food refers to the Major Foods on dining table traditionally, is the main source of needed by human body energy.Because staple food is feature with carbohydrate, the Major Foods particularly based on starch takes in source, be therefore the cereal such as rice, wheat, corn of main component with starch, and the tubers such as potato, sweet potato food is used as staple food by the people of different geographical.The French fried potatoes made of potato in American-European countries by as staple food.By the impact of China's traditional dining culture, the principal mode of the potato staple food consumption that present stage advocates comprises with the staple food form of the boiling processing modes such as potato noodles, steamed bun.
Potato full-powder is the one in dehydrated potato products, as semi-finished stock, owing to almost maintaining full nutrition and the local flavor of potato, convenient storage is simultaneously suitable for the interpolation mixing in various food, is desirable making potato steamed bun, the raw material of noodles.But, existing potato full-powder take fresh potato as raw material in the market, through cleaning, removing the peel, select, cut into slices, rinsing, precook, cool, boiling, smash the technical process such as mud, the fine particulate obtain through high temperature drying dehydration, sheet consider shape or powdery product to be worth doing.Multiple high temp process, dehydrated potato powder has become a kind of full powder of slaking.Its principal component farina gelatinization, protein sex change, add in the middle of flour by complete for this potato " ripe " powder, can cause adverse effect to processing characteristics such as the gluten structure of wheat dough, mechanical characteristic and mechanical performances.Current experimental result shows (http://www.guancha.cn/Science/2015_02_04_308594.shtml), in the middle of steamed bun, the addition of potato full-powder can reach 40%, in the middle of noodles, the addition of potato full-powder can reach 35%, continues to increase the addition of potato full-powder and can cause noodles easily disconnected bar, the problem such as steamed bread forming is difficult, treacle is raised difficult questions.Actual conditions may be worse.Therefore, the full powder of potato (ripe) makes noodles in flour, the addition of steamed bun is limited.And in the full powder of the potato of processing under high-temperature condition (ripe), the vitamin of temperature sensitivity destroys relatively more serious, has certain influence to potato nutritional quality.
Potato protein is widely different relative to the flour making noodles or steamed bun, its denaturation temperature and starch gelatinization temperature are about 70 DEG C, adopt low temperature drying mode, guarantee proteins biological activity and starch do not occur gelatinization prepare potato starch be applied to noodles, steamed bun make in the middle of, to improving dough processing performance, there is important function.Therefore, adopting low temperature drying technology to prepare potato starch, to meet the application of potato in the food such as noodles, steamed bun, being of great significance for advancing the staple food tool of potatoes.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is the defect based on the application in the middle of noodles, steamed bun make of the full powder of traditional potato (ripe), the present invention discloses a kind of technique adopting freeze-drying to prepare potato starch, to meet the application of potato in the food such as noodles, steamed bun, advance the staple food of potatoes.
Freeze-drying of the present invention prepares the technique of potato starch, is by fresh potato stem tuber through cleaning, peeling, after stripping and slicing, first soak with colour protecting liquid and protect look, drain after taking-up, quick-frozen, then puts into freeze drying storehouse and carry out freeze-drying and dehydrating; Then potato starch is through pulverizing, sieving, pack.
Raw potatoes comprises the potato of all kinds, has both comprised common meat Potato Cultivars (common plain boiled pork or yellow meat Potato Cultivars), also comprises colored meat Potato Cultivars (the color potato kind such as purple meat, red meat).Raw potatoes requires that few and extremely shallow, that solid content is high, cysteine content the is high Potato Cultivars of eye is preferred kind.
Potato are cut into potato block, potato fourth or potato slices in described stripping and slicing.
Described colour protecting liquid soak protect look be by stripping and slicing after potato be dipped in colour protecting liquid and soak 10 ~ 30 min.At least one wherein in the vitamin C of colour protecting liquid to be concentration be 1 ~ 3 g/L, citric acid, solution of sodium bisulfite.
The speed of described quick-frozen is yes-50 ~-30 DEG C/1 ~ 2 h.
Described cryodesiccated temperature is-50 DEG C ~-30 DEG C, and the absolute atmosphere in vacuum storehouse is 40 ~ 100 Pa.After freeze-drying and dehydrating, potato moisture is 3% ~ 15%.
Described pulverizing, sieve after the granular size of potato starch product be 80 ~ 140 orders.
Hinge structure of the present invention has the following advantages: adopt Vacuum Freezing & Drying Technology, potato is carried out under whole dry run is in vacuum, low temperature, activity and the color of potato can be kept to greatest extent, obtain high-quality final products.Therefore, the potato starch of preparation, protein has biologically active, protein cross can occur in the process of kneading dough and form gluten network structure, solve the processability issues that potato dough is used as noodles, steamed bun processing, significant for propelling potato staple foodization.
Detailed description of the invention
Below by specific embodiment, the preparation technology to potato starch of the present invention is further described.
embodiment one
Raw potatoes: with Gansu Province potato No. 7 potatos of the yellow meat of Calusena lansium for raw material.
Preparation technology:
(1) potato cleaning: adopt potato washer that potato cleaning is clean, in cleaning process by manually by rotting, the potato of germination and skin greening picks out;
(2) peeling potatoes: adopt skinning machine to be removed by jacket;
(3) potato slices: adopt potato slicer potato to be cut into the thin slice that thickness is 2 mm, the potato block cut is put into colour protecting liquid immersion immediately and is carried out protecting look;
(4) protect look: the potato block cut is immersed in 10 min in colour protecting liquid, colour protecting liquid is the solution containing the vitamin C of 2g/L and the citric acid of 1g/L configured by running water;
(5) drain: potato block is taken out from colour protecting liquid and is placed in mesh screen and drains away the water;
(6) quick-frozen: drain and immediately potato block is carried out quick-frozen, until temperature reaches subzero 30 DEG C (in 1 h);
(7) freeze drying: potato block good for quick-frozen is put into freeze drier immediately and carries out vacuum freezing drying dehydration; Freeze drying temperature is-30 DEG C, and the absolute atmosphere in vacuum storehouse is 40Pa, until potato block moisture is reduced within 3%;
(8) pulverize, sieve, pack: cryodesiccated potato block is pulverized immediately, cross 80 eye mesh screens (dehydrated potato powder not by screen cloth re-starts pulverizing), packaging, be the raw full powder of potato freeze drying.
embodiment two
Raw potatoes: atropurpureus eastern agriculture 306 purple-colored potato of, pulp pitch-black with epidermis is raw material.
Preparation technology:
(1) potato cleaning: adopt potato washer that potato cleaning is clean, in cleaning process by manually by rotting, the potato of germination and skin greening picks out;
(2) peeling potatoes.Skinning machine is adopted to be removed by jacket;
(3) potato is diced: adopt machine potato to be cut into the bar of 2 × 2 × 10 cm, the potato slices cut are put into colour protecting liquid immediately and carried out protecting look;
(4) protect look: the potato slices cut are immersed in 20 min in colour protecting liquid, colour protecting liquid be by running water configure containing the vitamin C of 1g/L and the solution of sodium bisulfite of 0.5 g/L;
(5) drain: potato slices are taken out to be placed in from colour protecting liquid drain away the water in mesh screen;
(6) quick-frozen: the potato slices drained are carried out quick-frozen immediately, until temperature reaches-40 DEG C (in 1.5 hours);
(7) freeze drying: potato slices good for quick-frozen are put into freeze drier immediately and carries out vacuum freezing drying dehydration, freeze drying temperature is-40 DEG C, the absolute atmosphere in vacuum storehouse is 60Pa, until potato slices moisture is reduced within 10%;
(8) pulverize, sieve, pack: cryodesiccated potato block is pulverized immediately, cross 100 eye mesh screens (dehydrated potato powder not by screen cloth re-starts pulverizing), packaging, be the raw full powder of potato freeze drying.
embodiment three
Raw potatoes: with Gansu Province potato No. 10 potatos of the yellow meat of Calusena lansium for raw material.
Preparation technology:
(1) potato cleaning: adopt potato washer that potato cleaning is clean, in cleaning process by manually by rotting, the potato of germination and skin greening picks out;
(2) peeling potatoes.Skinning machine is adopted to be removed by jacket;
(3) potato is diced: adopt machine potato to be cut into the fourth of 2 × 2 × 2 cm, the potato fourth cut is put into colour protecting liquid immediately and carried out protecting look;
(4) protect look: the potato block cut is immersed in 30 min in colour protecting liquid, colour protecting liquid be by running water configure containing the citric acid of 1g/L and the solution of sodium bisulfite of 0.5 g/L;
(5) drain: potato block is taken out to be placed in from colour protecting liquid drain away the water in mesh screen;
(6) quick-frozen: the potato drained is carried out quick-frozen immediately, until temperature reaches-50 DEG C (in 2 hours);
(7) freeze drying: potato fourth good for quick-frozen is put into freeze drier immediately and carries out vacuum freezing drying dehydration, freeze drying temperature is-50 DEG C, the absolute atmosphere in vacuum storehouse is 100Pa, until potato block moisture is reduced within 15%;
(8) pulverize, sieve, pack: cryodesiccated potato block is pulverized immediately, cross 140 eye mesh screens (dehydrated potato powder not by screen cloth re-starts pulverizing), packaging, be the raw full powder of potato freeze drying.

Claims (8)

1. freeze-drying prepares the technique of potato starch, is by fresh potato stem tuber through cleaning, peeling, after stripping and slicing, first soak with colour protecting liquid and protect look, drain after taking-up, quick-frozen, then puts into freeze drying storehouse and carry out freeze-drying and dehydrating; Then potato starch is through pulverizing, sieving, pack.
2. freeze-drying prepares the technique of potato starch as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described potato is described potato is common meat Potato Cultivars, colored meat Potato Cultivars.
3. freeze-drying prepares the technique of potato starch as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: potato are cut into potato block, potato fourth or potato slices in described stripping and slicing.
4. freeze-drying prepares the technique of potato starch as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described colour protecting liquid soak protect look be by stripping and slicing after potato be dipped in colour protecting liquid and soak 10 ~ 30 min.
5. freeze-drying prepares the technique of potato starch as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: at least one in the vitamin C of described colour protecting liquid to be concentration be 1 ~ 3 g/L, citric acid, solution of sodium bisulfite.
6. freeze-drying prepares the technique of potato starch as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the speed of described quick-frozen is yes-50 ~-30 DEG C/1 ~ 2 h.
7. freeze-drying prepares the technique of potato starch as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the temperature of freeze-drying and dehydrating is-50 DEG C ~-30 DEG C, and the absolute atmosphere in vacuum storehouse is 40 ~ 100 Pa; After drying and dehydrating, potato moisture is 3% ~ 15%.
8. freeze-drying prepares the technique of potato starch as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: pulverize, sieve after the granular size of potato starch product be 80 ~ 140 orders.
CN201510298399.0A 2015-06-03 2015-06-03 Whole potato starch preparation technology by freeze drying method Pending CN104872583A (en)

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Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105192630A (en) * 2015-10-28 2015-12-30 中国农业科学院农产品加工研究所 Potato staple food special powder and production technology and application thereof
CN105211797A (en) * 2015-11-16 2016-01-06 张天国 A kind of preparation method of potato starch
CN105360917A (en) * 2015-11-16 2016-03-02 张天国 Potato steamed bun and preparation method thereof
CN105380175A (en) * 2015-12-25 2016-03-09 甘肃乡草坊土特产品有限公司 Instant potato flour and processing method thereof
CN105495468A (en) * 2016-01-01 2016-04-20 西昌学院 Preparing method and device for potato powder
CN105767978A (en) * 2016-05-12 2016-07-20 刘永君 Processing method of potato raw powder
CN105901587A (en) * 2016-05-12 2016-08-31 刘永君 Method for processing solanum tuberosum-Pisum sativum flour
CN105942341A (en) * 2016-05-06 2016-09-21 四川可士可果业股份有限公司 Dry raw potato granules as well as slicing and dicing machine for preparing dry raw potato granules
CN105995682A (en) * 2016-05-12 2016-10-12 刘永君 Method for processing potato mixed powder
CN106983108A (en) * 2017-04-13 2017-07-28 河南工业大学 A kind of potato starch preparation method
CN107114734A (en) * 2017-06-08 2017-09-01 新疆农业科学院农产品贮藏加工研究所 A kind of preparation method of potato starch
CN107969659A (en) * 2017-11-21 2018-05-01 中国农业科学院农产品加工研究所 A kind of potato starch processing method and products therefrom
CN109619388A (en) * 2018-12-21 2019-04-16 青海大学 A kind of novel Italian type potato starch dumplings and preparation method thereof
CN109730275A (en) * 2019-03-11 2019-05-10 河南工业大学 A kind of preparation method of the potato starch of low free starch rate
CN109846003A (en) * 2018-11-07 2019-06-07 中国农业科学院农产品加工研究所 A kind of potato staple food processing tailored flour and its production method
CN110074369A (en) * 2019-05-15 2019-08-02 齐鲁工业大学 A kind of method of the enzyme process preparation full powder of potato staple food metaplasia
WO2020211643A1 (en) * 2019-04-17 2020-10-22 天津科技大学 New method for preparation of potato whole flour and use of same

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CN102232531A (en) * 2010-04-22 2011-11-09 王尧 Preparation method for freeze-dried black potato powder and corresponding formulation thereof
CN103211177A (en) * 2013-03-07 2013-07-24 广西壮族自治区农业科学院农产品加工研究所 Method for preparing a freeze-drying crisp fruit and vegetable piece

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Cited By (22)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105192630B (en) * 2015-10-28 2018-10-19 中国农业科学院农产品加工研究所 A kind of potato staple food tailored flour and its production technology, application
CN105192630A (en) * 2015-10-28 2015-12-30 中国农业科学院农产品加工研究所 Potato staple food special powder and production technology and application thereof
CN105211797A (en) * 2015-11-16 2016-01-06 张天国 A kind of preparation method of potato starch
CN105360917A (en) * 2015-11-16 2016-03-02 张天国 Potato steamed bun and preparation method thereof
CN105380175A (en) * 2015-12-25 2016-03-09 甘肃乡草坊土特产品有限公司 Instant potato flour and processing method thereof
CN105495468A (en) * 2016-01-01 2016-04-20 西昌学院 Preparing method and device for potato powder
CN105495468B (en) * 2016-01-01 2023-09-08 西昌学院 Preparation method and device of potato powder
CN105942341A (en) * 2016-05-06 2016-09-21 四川可士可果业股份有限公司 Dry raw potato granules as well as slicing and dicing machine for preparing dry raw potato granules
CN105767978A (en) * 2016-05-12 2016-07-20 刘永君 Processing method of potato raw powder
CN105901587A (en) * 2016-05-12 2016-08-31 刘永君 Method for processing solanum tuberosum-Pisum sativum flour
CN105995682A (en) * 2016-05-12 2016-10-12 刘永君 Method for processing potato mixed powder
CN106983108A (en) * 2017-04-13 2017-07-28 河南工业大学 A kind of potato starch preparation method
CN107114734A (en) * 2017-06-08 2017-09-01 新疆农业科学院农产品贮藏加工研究所 A kind of preparation method of potato starch
CN107114734B (en) * 2017-06-08 2020-07-10 新疆农业科学院农产品贮藏加工研究所 Preparation method of raw potato whole flour
CN107969659A (en) * 2017-11-21 2018-05-01 中国农业科学院农产品加工研究所 A kind of potato starch processing method and products therefrom
CN109846003A (en) * 2018-11-07 2019-06-07 中国农业科学院农产品加工研究所 A kind of potato staple food processing tailored flour and its production method
CN109619388A (en) * 2018-12-21 2019-04-16 青海大学 A kind of novel Italian type potato starch dumplings and preparation method thereof
CN109619388B (en) * 2018-12-21 2022-04-22 青海大学 Novel Italian-type potato raw whole-flour dumpling and preparation method thereof
CN109730275A (en) * 2019-03-11 2019-05-10 河南工业大学 A kind of preparation method of the potato starch of low free starch rate
WO2020211643A1 (en) * 2019-04-17 2020-10-22 天津科技大学 New method for preparation of potato whole flour and use of same
CN110074369A (en) * 2019-05-15 2019-08-02 齐鲁工业大学 A kind of method of the enzyme process preparation full powder of potato staple food metaplasia
CN110074369B (en) * 2019-05-15 2022-07-08 齐鲁工业大学 Method for preparing potato staple food metaplasia whole flour by enzyme method

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