CN104870809A - 安装于建筑物内的风力涡轮机 - Google Patents

安装于建筑物内的风力涡轮机 Download PDF

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CN104870809A
CN104870809A CN201380059606.6A CN201380059606A CN104870809A CN 104870809 A CN104870809 A CN 104870809A CN 201380059606 A CN201380059606 A CN 201380059606A CN 104870809 A CN104870809 A CN 104870809A
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C·G·奥罗萨
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25BELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B1/00Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
    • C25B1/01Products
    • C25B1/02Hydrogen or oxygen
    • C25B1/04Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03DWIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/30Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/34Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations on stationary objects or on stationary man-made structures
    • F03D9/35Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations on stationary objects or on stationary man-made structures within towers, e.g. using chimney effects
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    • C25BELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B15/00Operating or servicing cells
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03DWIND MOTORS
    • F03D3/00Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D3/002Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor  the axis being horizontal
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03DWIND MOTORS
    • F03D3/00Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D3/02Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor  having a plurality of rotors
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03DWIND MOTORS
    • F03D3/00Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D3/04Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor  having stationary wind-guiding means, e.g. with shrouds or channels
    • F03D3/0436Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor  having stationary wind-guiding means, e.g. with shrouds or channels for shielding one side of the rotor
    • F03D3/0445Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor  having stationary wind-guiding means, e.g. with shrouds or channels for shielding one side of the rotor the shield being fixed with respect to the wind motor
    • F03D3/0463Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor  having stationary wind-guiding means, e.g. with shrouds or channels for shielding one side of the rotor the shield being fixed with respect to the wind motor with converging inlets, i.e. the shield intercepting an area greater than the effective rotor area
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03DWIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/10Combinations of wind motors with apparatus storing energy
    • F03D9/19Combinations of wind motors with apparatus storing energy storing chemical energy, e.g. using electrolysis
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03DWIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/20Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
    • F03D9/25Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03DWIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/20Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
    • F03D9/22Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus producing heat
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70Wind energy
    • Y02E10/728Onshore wind turbines
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/36Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02E70/30Systems combining energy storage with energy generation of non-fossil origin
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Abstract

通常情况下,建筑物,优选的是超高层大楼坐落为其一个面朝向本地区的盛行风。建筑物内设有一系统,用于捕获盛行风,并将盛行风转换成能量,供建筑物使用或用于本地能源所需。由于系统元件是可扩展的,因此,所述系统能够在现有建筑物内进行改造。

Description

安装于建筑物内的风力涡轮机
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求序列号为61/711,687、申请日期为2012年10月9日的美国临时申请的优先权,并要求该美国临时申请的权益,该美国临时申请的公开内容并入本申请用于各种目的。
技术领域
本发明涉及利用风能产生电能的设备。
发明内容
通常情况下,建筑物,优选的是超高层大楼坐落为其一个面朝向本地区的盛行风。建筑物内设有一系统,用于捕获盛行风,并将盛行风转换成能量,供建筑物使用或用于本地能源所需。由于系统元件是可扩展的(scalable),因此,所述系统能够在现有建筑物内进行改造。
附图说明
为了更全面地理解本发明及其优点,现在将结合附图做以下说明,其中:
图1是本发明实施例的功能元件及流程的示意图;
图2是安装于建筑物内的本发明实施例的平面图;
图3是两栋建筑物的街景,每栋建筑物都安装有本发明的一独立实施例;
图4是安装于建筑物内的本发明实施例的正视立面图;
图5是安装于建筑物内的本发明实施例的正视立面图;
图6是可在本发明实施例中使用的风力涡轮机设备的侧视截面图;
图7是可在本发明实施例中使用的风力涡轮机设备的侧视立面图;
图8是可在本发明实施例中使用的捕捉漏斗的不同视图的复合视图;
图9是可在本发明实施例中使用的捕捉漏斗的不同形状的复合视图;
图10是可在本发明实施例中使用的捕风设备的复合视图;
图11是可在本发明实施例中使用的风速减速设备的复合视图。
具体实施方式
通常情况下,高层建筑物10,优选的是超高层大楼坐落为其一个面12朝向本地区的盛行风14。建筑物10内设有一系统16,用于捕获盛行风14,并将盛行风14转换成能量,供建筑物10使用或用于本地能源所需。由于系统16的元件18是可扩展的,因此,所述系统16能够在现有建筑物10内进行改造。所述建筑物10可以是办公大楼、住宅大楼或办公住宅及其它用途的混合大楼。建筑物10并不仅仅用作电力系统16的支撑结构,其还由系统16提供电源。
如图1所示,建筑物10内的系统14一般包括捕风漏斗20,其用于将盛行风14导向连接至直流发电机24的风力涡轮机22。直流电用于通过电解产生氢气。如图1所示,来自发电机24的电力用在电解装置26的流程中生成氢气28,氢气28在压缩状态下易于贮存,并且之后可用于根据情况用于加热或发电。
图1进一步显示了多个漏斗20可与多台相应的涡轮机22和发电机24对齐。采用多套具有多重优点,如:利用较小的设备更易于与标准型建筑物10的楼层相适配,且更易于对速度相对较低的风14做出响应。所示多台发电机24连接至单个电解装置26,这样,即使涡轮机旋转很少,其组合容量也可产生氢气28。特定的建筑物10可能更适合采用多台电解装置26。之后,氢气28通过压缩机30压缩并贮存在贮存设备32中,该贮存设备可位于建筑物10的同一楼层或者根据需要设置在更加安全的位置。
图2是安装于建筑物10内的本发明一实施例的平面图。在本实施例中,4个漏斗20连接至4台涡轮机22和4台发电机24。所述4台发电机连接至单个电解装置26。系统16的所有元件18都设置在建筑物10的单个楼层上,漏斗20设置在面向盛行风14的面12上。
图3是两栋建筑物10的街景。一栋建筑物具有在其面12上可见的单排漏斗20,而另一栋建筑物具有在其面12上可见的两排漏斗20。具有可扩展系统16的主要优点在于,可根据需要额外增设捕风漏斗20和配套元件18。装配时,元件18可连接至旋转平台(未示出)或者直接连接至结构基础。旋转平台可使漏斗在建筑物内移动,从而更好地与风14对齐,其中风14与建筑物10的面12形成有一角度。
图4是安装于建筑物10内的本发明实施例的正视立面图。从该视图中可清楚地看到漏斗20和发电机24从后面伸出。该视图示出建筑物10具有高天花板,漏斗20安装在该天花板上且漏斗20具有相应的尺寸。另外的漏斗20可增设在所示漏斗20旁。
图5是安装于建筑物10内的本发明实施例的正视立面图。该视图示出了安装两排漏斗20以及如上所述的其配套元件18。该建筑物10具有标准高度的天花板,且漏斗10具有相应的尺寸。
图6是可在本发明实施例中使用的风力涡轮机装置的侧视截面图。该系统16包括全部设置在建筑物10内的漏斗20、发电机22和减速器42。图7是可在本发明实施例中使用的风力涡轮机装置的侧视立面图,该实施例具有与图6相同的基本元件。
风通过捕风漏斗20进入系统16。该捕风漏斗20包括大漏斗状的形状,其形状优选如下:进气侧的开口较宽,且输出侧的开口较窄。进气侧与流体输出侧之间的关系以及捕风漏斗20的曲率使空气能够在尽可能低的阻力下以尽可能最快的速度流动。可对漏斗状的形状进行调整,使其可根据环境条件、天气、最通用风速及尺寸限制实现最佳捕风和出风速度,因此,如图9所示,该漏斗可较短、较宽、较窄、较长或为任何形状。
在一些实施例中,捕风漏斗20可以是单个装置,或者由几个部分组成,以方便运输和安装到现有或新建的高层建筑物10或超高层建筑物上。捕风漏斗20的进气侧还可跨设细铁丝,以防止小鸟损坏装置。鉴于阵风是不可预测的,所以捕风漏斗的外表面上可具有带窗盖的小窗,该窗盖可在风速作用下开启和关闭,从而使输出侧的气流更加稳定,如图8所示。进气侧还可通过门部分关闭,从而在飓风、龙卷风或其它恶劣天气下当风速超过最大优选速度时减少进风量。捕风漏斗可采用从厚纤维玻璃到金属(如,铝、钢或铜)等各种材料在考虑了环境条件(如,沿海地区盛行风中的盐分)的前提下通过取决于安装场所的已知方法制成。在风离开捕风漏斗20侧后进入涡轮机22。
在一个实施例中,涡轮机22由风流动腔34、一系列杯36和转换轮38组成,更清晰地如图10中所示。当风通过捕风漏斗20进入时,其进入风流动腔34。风流动腔34引导风与一系列固定至转换轮38的杯36接触,该转换轮38沿其垂直于气流的水平轴旋转。该转换轮38类似于用于通过水流产生动能的贝尔顿水轮机(Pelton wheel)。当风接触杯36时,杯36沿旋转的转换轮38的方向移动并完全覆盖住风流动腔34。一旦杯36充分转动,风持续排出风流动腔34。当每个杯36移动时,另一个杯35代替第一个杯,从而使转换轮38快速旋转,将风能转换成机械能。转换轮38封闭在密封腔34内转动,迫使风从最低阻力点处排出。每个杯还可在其端部具有电磁铁,这样,电磁铁朝向转换轮旋转的方向倾斜并与相同电流的电磁铁平行,且电磁铁沿转换轮腔的中央部分倾斜设置并直接相互交叉。转换轮杯以及转换轮腔上的电磁铁不接触;而是相互排斥进一步加速转换轮旋转。
转换轮38由传动杆40支撑。该传动杆40延伸超过风流动腔34自身并用于驱动直接连接或通过齿轮或滑轮连接至传动杆40的直流发电机22。该传动杆40驱动至少一台直流发电机,该直流发电机可以利用辅助磁铁改善转动,并减少摩擦,以最小的扭矩大体上生成更高等级的电能。这些类型的直流发电机是较优选的,且其操作在本领域是众所周知的。
由于风14的方向是不可预测的,因此旋转平台(未示出)可直接连接至建筑物10。该旋转平台将使捕风漏斗能够旋转并面向最大风流。旋转平台将由发电机产生的电能驱动旋转。旋转平台的对齐可由设置在建筑物顶部随风向而动的风向标确定。
减速器42,更详细如图11所示,可安装在风14流出风流动腔34的地方。减速器42的目的是逐步降低空气速度并抑制任何可能产生的声音,如笛声等。减速器42可由一系列固定至中央支撑件的漏斗状元件组成。风流动腔出口的漏斗状元件之间的间距可根据风流动腔出口的风而变化。每个漏斗状元件都将使集中的风转向、分散,从而降低风速。
发电机24由涡轮机22驱动。该发电机配置为用于产生直流电,该直流电用于通过电解装置26中的电解作用生成氢气。电解作用的优点在于具有非常好的可扩展性,并且能够随着时间的推移在低风速下生成大量的可用氢气,而充电电池所需的最低风速较高。交流发电机也可以用于生成交流电,供最终应用。
以上所述所提供的发明具有显著优势是显而易见的。虽然本发明仅仅通过一些形式进行了说明,但其并非仅限于这几种形式,在不脱离本发明精神的前提下可对其进行各种变更和修改。

Claims (16)

1.一种安装于建筑物内的改进型风力涡轮机,包括:
至少一个风力发电系统,包括:
捕风漏斗;
涡轮机;和
发电机;
所述的至少一个风力发电系统连接至电解装置,用于生产氢气;
所述氢气存储起来并供建筑物内的电力系统使用。
2.根据权利要求1所述的风力涡轮机,其中,每个漏斗沿建筑物面向盛行风的面设置。
3.根据权利要求1所述的风力涡轮机,其中,多个风力发电系统设置在建筑物的单一楼层上。
4.根据权利要求1所述的风力涡轮机,其中,多个风力发电系统设置在建筑物的多个楼层上。
5.根据权利要求1所述的风力涡轮机,其中,所述涡轮机包括:
风流动腔;
邻近风流动腔的转换轮;和
杯,其尺寸适配风流动腔的内部且连接至转换轮。
6.根据权利要求1所述的风力涡轮机,其中,所述氢气转换成电力。
7.根据权利要求1所述的风力涡轮机,其中,所述氢气转换成热量。
8.根据权利要求1所述的风力涡轮机,其中,至少一个风力发电系统的每一个都进一步包括一减速器。
9.一种风力涡轮机,具有漏斗、涡轮机和发电机,所述风力涡轮机设置在建筑物内,且所述建筑物至少部分由所述风力涡轮机供能。
10.根据权利要求9所述的风力涡轮机,其中,多个漏斗、多个涡轮机以及多个发电机设置在一建筑物内。
11.根据权利要求10所述的风力涡轮机,其中,多个发电机连接至一电解装置。
12.根据权利要求11所述的风力涡轮机,其中,所述电解装置产生氢气,所述氢气贮存起来,并用于为建筑物供能。
13.根据权利要求9所述的风力涡轮机,进一步包括一减速器。
14.根据权利要求9所述的风力涡轮机,其降低对新建或现有高层建筑物的建筑方面的影响。
15.根据权利要求9所述的风力涡轮机,其降低视觉环境方面的影响。
16.一种根据权利要求9所述的风力涡轮机设置于建筑物结构中的改进的系统,该系统用于捕获风流,产生直流电,通过电解将其转换成氢气,贮存用于发电和产热的氢气,使建筑物几乎成为发电供自身使用和/或向邻近建筑物售电的发电厂。
CN201380059606.6A 2012-10-09 2013-10-09 安装于建筑物内的风力涡轮机 Pending CN104870809A (zh)

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