CN104870660A - Reduced-iron production method and production device - Google Patents

Reduced-iron production method and production device Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104870660A
CN104870660A CN201280077819.7A CN201280077819A CN104870660A CN 104870660 A CN104870660 A CN 104870660A CN 201280077819 A CN201280077819 A CN 201280077819A CN 104870660 A CN104870660 A CN 104870660A
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China
Prior art keywords
nodulizing
iron
raw material
zinc
carbon raw
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孙相汉
赵秉国
丁海权
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Posco Holdings Inc
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Posco Co Ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
    • C22B1/14—Agglomerating; Briquetting; Binding; Granulating
    • C22B1/24—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
    • C22B1/14—Agglomerating; Briquetting; Binding; Granulating
    • C22B1/16—Sintering; Agglomerating
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
    • C21B13/006—Starting from ores containing non ferrous metallic oxides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
    • C21B13/10—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes in hearth-type furnaces
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
    • C22B1/14—Agglomerating; Briquetting; Binding; Granulating
    • C22B1/24—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating
    • C22B1/242—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating with binders
    • C22B1/244—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating with binders organic
    • C22B1/245—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating with binders organic with carbonaceous material for the production of coked agglomerates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B19/00—Obtaining zinc or zinc oxide
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B26/00—Obtaining alkali, alkaline earth metals or magnesium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B4/00—Electrothermal treatment of ores or metallurgical products for obtaining metals or alloys
    • C22B4/08—Apparatus
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B5/00—General methods of reducing to metals
    • C22B5/02—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes
    • C22B5/10—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes by solid carbonaceous reducing agents

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Iron (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to a reduced-iron production method and production device, and, more specifically, relates to a reduced-iron production method and production device whereby reduced iron having an outstanding rate of reduction is produced by using iron ore containing large amounts of the impurities phosphorus, zinc and alkali elements within the iron ore, while at the same time the phosphorus, zinc and alkali elements are recovered.

Description

Reduced iron manufacture method and producing apparatus
Technical field
The present invention relates to the method and apparatus for the manufacture of reduced iron.More specifically, the present invention relates to the iron for being manufactured high reduction ratio by the iron ore being rich in phosphorus, zinc and alkali metal impurity, along with the method and apparatus reclaiming phosphorus, zinc and alkali metal.
Background technology
In blast furnace, converter or electric furnace, reduced iron is used as the raw material manufacturing molten iron or molten steel.
Reduced iron carries out also original manufacture by by carbonaceous reducing agent (hereinafter referred to " carbon raw material ") or reducing gas to the iron oxide source of such as iron ore or ferric oxide.This technique (being called direct-reduction) is most commonly used to manufacture reduced iron.
In order to manufacture direct-reduced iron (DRI), use wherein to the rotary hearth furnace (RHF) that the spherolite be made up of denier iron ore reduces.
About the technique using RHF to manufacture reduced iron, such as can be called " Process forproducing reduced iron pellets by reference name, and process for producing pig iron (method for the manufacture of reduced iron spherolite and the method for the manufacture of the pig iron) " korean patent application Unexamined Publication No.10-2010-0043095 (patent documentation 1), and be entitled as the korean patent application Unexamined Publication No.10-2010-0122946 (patent documentation 2) of " Process forproduction of direct-reduced iron (method for the manufacture of direct-reduced iron) ".
Both patent documentation 1 and patent documentation 2 relate to use rotary kiln manufacture reduced iron.In patent documentation 1, control to improve reactivity to raw-material particle diameter, thus produce the reduced iron spherolite of wherein degree of metalization increase, patent documentation 2 discloses the manufacture of the iron ore being rich in zinc simultaneously.
Because conventional converter is configured to be up to reducing iron ore at 1350 DEG C compactly in reducing atmosphere, so be difficult to the reducing atmosphere in the such stove of maintenance.In addition, conventional converter is not suitable for extensive manufacture, and reason is that its yearly capacity total is only 150 000 tons to 500 000 tons.
Due to the restriction of converter, so need a kind of novel process for manufacturing reduced iron in a large number.
In order to overcome the restriction of conventional converter, the iron reduced to fabrication portion in an oxidizing atmosphere in stove is proposed.But the oxygen mix in stove in reductive agent carbon and oxidizing atmosphere is burnt, and generates the combustion heat.That is, due to compared with the reductive agent for iron ore, more substantial carbon is used as energy source, so the reduction efficiency of iron ore is very poor.
In addition, even if iron ore is reduced in the stove with oxidizing atmosphere, reduced iron also can oxidized property atmosphere be oxidized again, and this is also the reason of reduction rate variance.
Meanwhile, the phosphorus (P) in iron ore, zinc (Zn) and alkalimetal oxide (K 2o+Na 2o) be the impurity of the various defects that can cause in reduced iron finished product.Phosphorus (P), zinc (Zn) and alkalimetal oxide (K 2o+Na 2o) iron ore that content is lower is preferred.
Along with the exhausting gradually of iron ore with low impurity content, the cost of the iron ore of quality is had recently to increase to some extent.With high raw materials cost, this exhausts the iron ore making more to be difficult to produce quality.Within this context, proposed to remove impurity the steel technology processed being feature.But this technology needs for the so various auxiliary material of impurity necessity of removing and the technique of other removing impurity, thus adds manufacturing cost.
[relate art literature]
[patent documentation]
(patent documentation 1) korean patent application Unexamined Publication No.10-2010-0043095 (2010.04.27)
(patent documentation 2) korean patent application Unexamined Publication No.10-2010-0122946 (2010.11.23)
Summary of the invention
Technical problem
The invention provides a kind of method and apparatus for manufacturing reduced iron in open stove in an oxidizing atmosphere.
In the method and equipment, by molded and shaped for the mixture of iron ore and carbon raw material be nodulizing, and in an oxidizing atmosphere this nodulizing fully to be reduced in reduction furnace.
In addition, the invention provides a kind of method and apparatus for the manufacture of reduced iron, can use to comprise by the method and equipment and be rich in phosphorus (P), zinc (Zn) or alkalimetal oxide (K 2o+Na 2the iron ore of the wide spectrum of the one or more of iron ore O) manufactures reduced iron effectively.
In addition, the invention provides a kind of method and apparatus for the manufacture of reduced iron, can by phosphorus (P), zinc (Zn) or alkalimetal oxide (K by the method and equipment 2o+Na 2o) be separated from iron ore and reclaim.
Technical scheme
According to an aspect of the present invention, the invention provides a kind of method for the manufacture of reduced iron, it comprises: mixed to prepare mixture with carbon raw material by the iron material of phosphorous, zinc and alkalimetal oxide; Mixture is made to be formed as nodulizing; In open reduction furnace, reduce nodulizing, along with from nodulizing except dephosphorization, zinc and alkali metal; The nodulizing of broken reduction is located away from phosphorus bearing slag to make reduced iron; And make reduced iron become block to reclaim slag simultaneously.
In mixing step, mixture comprise the amount being 0.06% or larger by weight phosphorus (P), be by weight 0.02% or larger amount zinc (Zn) and be by weight 0.1% or larger alkalimetal oxide (the K of amount 2o+Na 2o).
In an embodiment of present method, iron material be selected from phosphorus (P) content be 0.06% or larger iron ore, zinc (Zn) content be 0.02% or larger iron ore, alkalimetal oxide (K 2o+Na 2o) content is iron ore and their combination of 0.1% or larger.
In mixing step, carbon raw material comprises from bank or steelworks or the carbon containing dust that produces both.
In mixing step, the basicity (CaO/SiO of mixture 2) be 1 or larger.
In mixing step, the alkali metal oxide content of mixture is 0.5% or larger.
In mixing step, mixture is also supplemented with the auxiliary material for regulating basicity and alkali metal oxide content, and described auxiliary material comprises the CaO of the basicity regulating mixture, and comprises the Na of the alkali metal oxide content regulating mixture 2cO 3and K 2cO 3.
In another embodiment of the present invention, the consumption of carbon raw material is 10 weight parts or larger based on the described mixture of 100 weight parts.
In another embodiment of the present invention, reduction furnace keeps oxidizing atmosphere wherein during reduction step, during reduction step, produces gas due to the reductive action of the carbon raw material in nodulizing, form the gas film surrounding nodulizing, thus stop nodulizing catalytic oxidation atmosphere.
In another embodiment of the present invention, open reduction furnace is heated to 1000 DEG C or higher temperature to calcine nodulizing, and the finite time section that operates, and described for some time is to the maximum the carbon in nodulizing is completely depleted.
In another embodiment of the present invention, reduction step comprises as the zinc (Zn) in the dust recovery nodulizing in the waste gas from described open stove, to the dust water granulation of reclaiming to isolate zinc oxide (ZnO) and to reclaim this zinc oxide.
In another embodiment of the present invention, zinc (Zn) wherein in nodulizing is vaporized in reduction furnace during reduction step, be discharged together with waste gas, and form zinc oxide (ZnO) with the oxygen reaction in waste gas, described zinc oxide is recovered as dust.
In another embodiment of the present invention, the dust water granulation of recovery, alkali metal is separated and be recovered together with water during this period.
In another embodiment of the present invention, magnetic separator is used to be separated with slag by reduced iron.
According to a further aspect in the invention, the invention provides a kind of method for the manufacture of reduced iron, it comprises: iron material is mixed to form nodulizing with carbon raw material, and in open stove, reduce nodulizing.
In an embodiment of the method, the consumption of carbon raw material is 10 weight parts or larger based on the nodulizing of 100 weight parts, and wherein reduction furnace keeps oxidizing atmosphere wherein during reduction step, during reduction step, produce gas due to the reductive action of the carbon raw material in nodulizing, thus form the gas film of encirclement nodulizing and stop nodulizing catalytic oxidation atmosphere.
According to another aspect of the invention, the invention provides a kind of equipment manufacturing reduced iron, comprising: for storing multiple starting material hoppers of dissimilar iron ore wherein respectively; For storing the hopper of carbon raw material wherein; For the mixer that the ejecta of the dissimilar iron ore from starting material hopper is mixed with the carbon raw material from carbon raw material hopper; For the first moulding press making mixture be formed as nodulizing; For reducing the open reduction furnace of nodulizing in oxidizing atmosphere; For the ore crusher of the nodulizing that fragmentation is reduced in reduction furnace; The magnetic separator of reduced iron and slag is become by through particle separation that is broken, reduction for utilizing magnetic; And the second moulding press for being molded reduced iron.
In one embodiment, this equipment can also comprise: for collecting the gathering machine from the dust in the waste gas of reduction furnace; And for using water that the dust granulation of collection is become tablets press with the water isolating zinc oxide in the waste water from alkali metal containing element.
Beneficial effect
As mentioned above, in conventional ironmaking process, avoid the iron ore used to may be used for using open stove according to the present invention to manufacture reduced iron on a large scale in an oxidizing atmosphere because of high impurity content.
In order to describe in detail, provide the method for the manufacture of reduced iron of the present invention, the method comprises: iron material is mixed to form nodulizing with carbon raw material; And in open stove, reduce nodulizing, wherein reduction furnace keeps oxidizing atmosphere wherein during reduction step, during reduction step, produce gas due to the reductive action of the carbon raw material in nodulizing, thus form the gas film of encirclement nodulizing and stop nodulizing catalytic oxidation atmosphere.
In addition, the such as phosphorus (P) be included in nodulizing, zinc (Zn) and alkalimetal oxide (K can be used in reduction step 2o+Na 2o) impurity, and it can be reclaimed from iron.
Therefore, can use iron ore widely, this causes reducing for the raw-material cost of iron processed.In addition, phosphorus (P), zinc (Zn) and alkalimetal oxide (K can be reclaimed in the process 2o+Na 2o).
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram that equipment for the manufacture of reduced iron and method are shown.
Fig. 2 illustrates the phosphorous recovery that to reduce at 1200 DEG C after nodulizing 20 minutes in the slag figure relative to basicity.
Fig. 3 be illustrate to reduce at 1200 DEG C basicity be the nodulizing 20 minutes of 1 after the phosphorous recovery of slag relative to the figure of the alkali metal oxide content in nodulizing.
Fig. 4 is the figure of degree of metalization relative to the temperature of open reduction furnace of the nodulizing of the amount illustrated according to carbon raw material.
Embodiment
Describe embodiment of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings to describe the present invention in detail, make the personnel of the general knowledge level with the technical field of the invention easily can put into practice the present invention.It should be noted, in whole accompanying drawing, use identical Reference numeral to refer to same or analogous element.In the following description of the present invention, by omission to being considered as the fuzzy known function of purport of the present invention and the detailed description of structure.
First, the description of equipment will provided the method for the manufacture of reduced iron can implemented according to an embodiment of the invention.
With reference to Fig. 1, it is the schematic diagram that equipment for the manufacture of reduced iron and method are shown.
As seen from Figure 1, the equipment of manufacture reduced iron according to an embodiment of the invention comprises: for the first ore crusher 11 of broken iron ore; For being stored in multiple hoppers 21,22 and 23 of iron ore broken in the first ore crusher 11 wherein according to type; For the second ore crusher 12 of broken carbon raw material (such as coal); For storing by the carbon raw material hopper 30 of the carbon raw material of the second ore crusher 12 fragmentation wherein; For by the ejecta in the dissimilar iron ore from starting material hopper 21,22 and 23 and the mixer 50 mixed through broken carbon raw material from carbon raw material hopper 30; For the first moulding press 61 making mixture be formed as nodulizing; For reducing the open reduction furnace 70 of nodulizing in oxidizing atmosphere; For the 3rd ore crusher 13 of the nodulizing that fragmentation is reduced in reduction furnace 70; The magnetic separator 80 of reduced iron and slag is become by through particle separation that is broken, reduction for utilizing magnetic; And the second moulding press 62 for being molded reduced iron.Optionally, this equipment can also comprise at least one the auxiliary material hopper 40 for storing auxiliary material wherein; For collecting the gathering machine 90 from the dust in the waste gas of reduction furnace; And for using water that the dust granulation of collection is become tablets press 100 with the water isolating zinc oxide in the waste water from alkali metal containing element.
Open reduction furnace has open and nonocclusive internal space.As long as it can add hot-briquetting carry nodulizing continuously simultaneously, then can use any reduction furnace and be not limited to concrete structure.By way of example, can provide the open reduction furnace with e Foerderanlage, e Foerderanlage is used for carrying nodulizing in travelling belt mode.The body of heater wherein limiting the internal space that nodulizing is transmitted and reduces is positioned at above e Foerderanlage.The internal space of body of heater is by being arranged on multiple combustion unit heating wherein.In addition, below e Foerderanlage, be provided with the air extractor for carrying out air-breathing to the air of the internal space from body of heater.In the structure shown here, nodulizing is by e Foerderanlage transmission, and heat is flowed downward from the upper space of nodulizing by the burning of combustion unit and the air-breathing of air extractor simultaneously.In so open stove, nodulizing can be arranged in multilayer pattern mode, and can be reduced continuously to manufacture reduced iron on a large scale.
Each moulding press in first moulding press 61 and the second moulding press 62 is double roller structure.
Then, aforesaid device is used to manufacture reduced iron description.
Broken various iron ore in the first ore crusher 11 shown in Figure 1, and according to type, it is stored in iron starting material hopper 21,22 and 23 respectively.Iron ore can have phosphorus (P), the content zinc (Zn) that is 0.02% or larger, the content alkalimetal oxide (K that is 0.1% or larger that content is 0.06% or larger 2o+Na 2or their combination O).In addition, broken carbon raw material and being stored in carbon raw material hopper 30 in the second ore crusher 12.Carbon raw material can comprise the carbon containing dust from bank or steelworks or both generations.In this, the particle diameter of carbon raw material is preferably 0.1mm or less with intensified response.
In addition, auxiliary material hopper 40 combines or stores wherein respectively for regulating the auxiliary material of basicity and for regulating the auxiliary material of the content of alkalimetal oxide.Such as, CaO can be used as the auxiliary material for regulating basicity, and can Na be used 2cO 3or K 2cO 3or both regulate the content of alkalimetal oxide.
After so preparing, by each to nodulizing, carbon raw material and auxiliary material self-weighing, be incorporated in mixer 50, and carry out mixing to provide mixture.
Preferably, this mixture comprises the alkalimetal oxide (K that carbon raw material and major part derive from the phosphorus (P) of the amount of 0.06% or larger of nodulizing, the zinc (Zn) of the amount of 0.02% or larger and the amount of 0.1% or larger 2o+Na 2o).But as will be described later, nodulizing preferably remains has high basicity and high alkali metal oxide content, to isolate phosphorus fully between the reduction period of nodulizing.Therefore, preferably with the basicity (CaO/SiO by mixture 2) be adjusted to 1 or higher and alkalimetal oxide content is in the mixture remained on the amount of 0.5% to add CaO, Na 2cO 3, and K 2cO 3.Basicity and the limited reason of alkalimetal oxide will be disclosed after a while in the description provided at composition graphs 2 and Fig. 3.
By thus obtained mixture feeding to the first moulding press 61, in the first moulding press 61, form the nodulizing of size uniformity.
Afterwards, be incorporated into by nodulizing in open reduction furnace 70, the iron (Fe) in open reduction furnace 70 in nodulizing is reduced in oxidizing atmosphere, and phosphorus, zinc and alkali metal are separated from iron simultaneously.In this background, oxidizing atmosphere means to be exposed to air and without any control climate.
Reaction in reducing process will be described in detail in detail.As shown in following chemical formula 1, the ferric oxide in nodulizing reacts (being reduced) and generates Fe and CO.Then, as shown in following chemical formula 2, the ferric oxide of this CO and nodulizing reacts (reduction), with generating iron (Fe) and CO 2.This CO 2cO can be converted to by reacting with the carbon in nodulizing.By CO and CO that the reaction between the ferric oxide in nodulizing and carbon produces 2gas discharges, thus forms the gas film surrounding nodulizing.Because gas film is for stopping that nodulizing contacts the oxidizing atmosphere of open reduction furnace 70, so the reduction of nodulizing in open reduction furnace 70 can be promoted.
In a preferred embodiment, by making the ferric oxide of nodulizing and carbon complete reaction form enough gas films.For this reason, enough carbon is comprised in nodulizing.In this, carbon raw material is preferably with the amount mixing of 10 weight parts or larger weight part that account for the total mixture of 100 weight parts.
In addition, open reduction furnace 70 preferably remains and has 1000 DEG C or higher calcining temperature to reduce nodulizing.
Fig. 4 is the figure of degree of metalization relative to the temperature of open reduction furnace of the nodulizing of the amount illustrated according to carbon raw material.As can be seen, find that the nodulizing of the carbon raw material of the amount comprised by 10 weight parts just can fully metallize under 1000 DEG C or higher temperature.
Owing to forming gas film because reacting with the carbon in nodulizing, so the carbon that the recovery time of nodulizing preferred maximum limit is made as in nodulizing is completely depleted.
Between the reduction period of the nodulizing in open stove 70, the phosphorus in nodulizing, oxygen and CaO element stand reaction and formation comprises such as CaO (P 2o 5) slag of element of form.Therefore, nodulizing is the mixture of reduced iron and slag.
Turn to the zinc be included in nodulizing, zinc oxide and alkalimetal oxide (K 2o+Na 2o) be reduced at the temperature lower than the temperature of ferric oxide, and discharged by as waste gas.
When being discharged together with waste gas, the oxygen reaction in the zinc (Zn) gasified between the reduction period of nodulizing and waste gas and form zinc oxide (ZnO), is collected machine 90 afterwards as dust collection.
Between the reduction period of nodulizing, alkali metal is also vaporized, formed alkalimetal oxide by as gaseous emission and with the oxygen reaction in waste gas.Similarly, this oxide compound is collected machine 90 as dust collection.
After water becomes in tablets press 100 dust processed collected by gathering machine 90, the waste water comprising tutty and alkali metal is recovered.
Meanwhile, the broken nodulizing with the form of mixtures of reduced iron and slag in the 3rd Material disintegrator 13, and utilize magnetic separator 80 that this nodulizing is separated into reduced iron and slag.In the second moulding press 62, make thus obtained reduced iron be formed as the agglomerate of predetermined size, will the slag circulation of CaO and phosphorus be rich in as fertilizer material simultaneously.
Embodiment
Can by below for illustrate and the embodiment set forth obtains better understanding of the present invention, but these embodiments should not be understood to limit the present invention.
Summarize the component for the iron ore tested below in Table 1.
Phosphorus, zinc and alkali metal (Na are rich in use 2o, K 2o) iron ore.Often kind of iron ore is formed as the agglomerate being rich in phosphorus, zinc and alkali metal.Optionally, adding is all the zinc oxide of SILVER REAGENT, phosphorus oxide and alkalimetal oxide, to maximize the content of zinc, phosphorus and alkali metal.
In order to compare, give also the component of the iron ore (iron ore C) used in typical ironmaking process in Table 1.From table 1, as the iron ore C used in common ironmaking process, there is phosphorus that content is about 0.06% or less, zinc that content is about 0.02% or less and the alkalimetal oxide that content is about 0.03% or less, but iron ore A and iron ore B is relatively rich in phosphorus, zinc and alkalimetal oxide.
Table 1
Classification T.Fe SiO 2 Al 2O 3 CaO MgO P Zn K 2O Na 2O
Iron ore A 41.1 17.8 2.41 3.20 13.7 0.013 0.103 0.687 -
Iron ore B 55.3 8.5 0.90 4.38 0.21 0.52 0.019 0.039 0.10
Iron ore C 65.7 1.87 1.19 0.01 0.09 0.023 0.009 0.036 0.012
Iron ore A and iron ore B mixes with coal (by weight 20%) and is formed as agglomerate respectively.In order to increase the basicity (CaO/SiO in agglomerate 2) and alkali metal oxide content, add CaO, K of SILVER REAGENT 2o, Na 2o.Agglomerate is reduced under the condition of simulation reduction furnace.
By under the speed of 50 DEG C/min, temperature is increased to 1200 DEG C reduction temperature and by this reduction temperature being kept 20 minutes to carry out the reduction test of agglomerate.Then, agglomerate is analyzed for Fe, Zn and P content, test Fe, Zn, P, K and Na content in slag simultaneously.
Fig. 2 be at 1200 DEG C reducing iron ore 20 minutes is shown after phosphorous recovery in slag relative to the figure of basicity, and Fig. 3 be illustrate to reduce at 1200 DEG C basicity be the nodulizing 20 minutes of 1 after the phosphorous recovery of slag relative to the figure of the alkali metal oxide content in nodulizing.
As understood from the data of Fig. 2, the phosphorous recovery in slag increases gradually along with the increase of basicity.For phosphorus oxide (P 2o 5), its stability is kept under high alkalinity condition.Especially, even if the phosphorus oxide in slag is also stable when adding strong alkali (such as alkalimetal oxide).Therefore, it is effective for adding a small amount of high alkalinity slag and alkalimetal oxide preventing phosphorus oxide to be reduced between the reduction period of reduced iron and being dissolved in metal Fe and allowing phosphorus oxide to be present in slag thus.
After the experiment has been completed, find that agglomerate has the reduction ratio of about 85% to about 90% do not affected by basicity.In addition, the Zn content after reduction in slag is reduced to about 0.004% from 0.1% starting stage.The temperature that the temperature that reduction-oxidation zinc to Metal Zn occurs occurs to its metal than reducing iron oxides is low.After being reduced into metallic zinc soon, zinc is vaporized, and illustrates high vapor pressure.Gaseous state zinc is reoxidized into ZnO and is discharged as the ZnO in waste gas.
As seen from Figure 3, the rate of recovery observing the phosphorus in slag increases along with the increase of the alkali metal oxide content of agglomerate.Therefore, in the mixture of iron ore with rich phosphorus, the advantage of the iron ore of rich alkalimetal oxide is used to be the phosphorous recovery enhanced in slag.Correspondingly, find to be configured to the basicity (CaO/SiO with 1 or higher when this mixture 2) and 0.5% or higher alkali metal oxide content time, phosphorus can expect degree on be recovered.
Although disclosed the preferred embodiments of the invention for illustration of object, skilled person will appreciate that when do not depart from of the present invention can carry out when scope and spirit disclosed in claims various amendment, interpolation and substitute.
The description > of the Reference numeral in < accompanying drawing
11,12,13: ore crusher
21,22,23: starting material hopper
30: carbon raw material hopper
40: auxiliary material hopper
50: mixer
61,62: moulding press
70: open reduction furnace
80: magnetic separator
90: gathering machine
100: water becomes tablets press

Claims (18)

1., for the manufacture of a method for reduced iron, comprising:
The iron material of phosphorous, zinc and alkalimetal oxide is mixed to prepare mixture with carbon raw material;
Described mixture is made to be formed as nodulizing;
In open reduction furnace, reduce described nodulizing, along with from described nodulizing except dephosphorization, zinc and alkali metal;
By broken for reduced nodulizing to make reduced iron be located away from phosphorus bearing slag; And
Make described reduced iron become block to reclaim described slag simultaneously.
2. method according to claim 1, wherein said mixture comprise the amount being 0.06% or larger by weight phosphorus (P), be by weight 0.02% or larger amount zinc (Zn) and be by weight 0.1% or larger alkalimetal oxide (the K of amount 2o+Na 2o).
3. method according to claim 2, wherein said iron material be selected from phosphorus (P) content be 0.06% or larger iron ore, zinc (Zn) content be 0.02% or larger iron ore, alkalimetal oxide (K 2o+Na 2o) content is iron ore and their combination of 0.1% or larger.
4. method according to claim 1, wherein said carbon raw material comprises the carbon containing dust by bank or steelworks or both generations.
5. method according to claim 1, the basicity (CaO/SiO of wherein said mixture 2) be 1 or larger.
6. method according to claim 1, the alkali metal oxide content of wherein said mixture is 0.5% or larger.
7. the method according to claim 5 or 6, wherein said mixture is also supplemented with the auxiliary material for regulating basicity and alkali metal oxide content, and described auxiliary material comprises regulating the CaO of the basicity of described mixture and in order to regulate the Na of the alkali metal oxide content of described mixture 2cO 3and K 2cO 3.
8. method according to claim 1, the consumption of wherein said carbon raw material is 10 weight parts or larger based on the described mixture of 100 weight parts.
9. method according to claim 1, wherein said reduction furnace keeps oxidizing atmosphere wherein during reduction step, in described reduction step, gas is produced due to the reductive action of the described carbon raw material in described nodulizing, form the gas film surrounding described nodulizing, and therefore stop that described nodulizing contacts described oxidizing atmosphere.
10. method according to claim 9, wherein said open reduction furnace is heated to 1000 DEG C or higher temperature to calcine described nodulizing and to operate for some time, the maximum degree being limited to the carbon in described nodulizing and being completely depleted of described for some time.
11. methods according to claim 1, wherein reduction step comprises as the zinc in the dust recovery nodulizing in the waste gas from described open stove, by reclaimed dust water granulation to isolate zinc oxide (ZnO) and to reclaim described zinc oxide.
12. methods according to claim 11, described zinc in wherein said nodulizing is vaporized during described reduction step in described reduction furnace, be discharged together with described waste gas, and with the oxygen reaction in described waste gas to form zinc oxide (ZnO), described zinc oxide is recovered as dust.
13. methods according to claim 11, the water granulation of wherein reclaimed dust, is separated described alkali metal during this period and reclaims together with water.
14. methods according to claim 1, wherein use magnetic separator to be separated with described slag by described reduced iron.
15. 1 kinds, for the manufacture of the method for reduced iron, comprising:
Iron material is mixed to form nodulizing with carbon raw material; And
Described nodulizing is reduced in open stove.
16. methods according to claim 15, the consumption of wherein said carbon raw material is 10 weight parts or larger based on the described nodulizing of 100 weight parts, and wherein said reduction furnace keeps oxidizing atmosphere wherein during reduction step, in described reduction step, gas is produced due to the reductive action of the described carbon raw material in described nodulizing, form the gas film surrounding described nodulizing, and stop that described nodulizing contacts described oxidizing atmosphere.
17. 1 kinds of equipment manufacturing reduced iron, comprising:
For storing multiple starting material hoppers of dissimilar iron ore wherein respectively;
For storing the carbon raw material hopper of carbon raw material wherein;
Mixer, described mixer is used for the ejecta of the dissimilar iron ore from described starting material hopper to mix with the described carbon raw material from described carbon raw material hopper;
For the first moulding press making described mixture be formed as nodulizing;
For reducing the open reduction furnace of described nodulizing in oxidizing atmosphere;
The ore crusher of the described nodulizing reduced in described reduction furnace for fragmentation;
For by particle separation that is broken and that reduce become the magnetic separator of reduced iron and slag; And
For the second moulding press be molded described reduced iron.
18. equipment according to claim 17, also comprise:
Gathering machine, described gathering machine is for collecting from the dust in the waste gas of described reduction furnace; And
Water becomes tablets press, described water become tablets press for water by collected dust granulation to isolate zinc oxide in the waste water from alkali metal containing element.
CN201280077819.7A 2012-12-18 2012-12-27 Reduced-iron production method and production device Pending CN104870660A (en)

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