CN104866702B - A kind of method of utilization pivot decoupling computation hot-summer and cold-winter area building load - Google Patents
A kind of method of utilization pivot decoupling computation hot-summer and cold-winter area building load Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses the computational methods that a kind of utilization pivot decoupling method determines hot-summer and cold-winter area Building Cooling load, the factor for influenceing Building Cooling load is divided into two major classes：The own property parameters of building and operation property parameters.Calculated in the steps below：According to indoor comprehensive heat radiation power, the benchmark of cooling and heating load is calculated；According to the daily schedule of building, radiation coefficient and temperature difference coefficient are calculated；According to building orientation, window-wall ratio, exterior wall thermal resistance and window thermal resistance, their correction factor is calculated successively；According to own property parameters and the coupling influence of operation property parameters, coupling influence coefficient is calculated；Final refrigeration (heat) amount for calculating the average cold and hot power and typical each period of day that obtain summer (winter) season unit area building.The present invention can both meet engineer applied required precision, and can quick, economically calculate the cooling and heating load of hot-summer and cold-winter area typical building, instruct distributed energy resource system to design, foundation is provided for running Optimization.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the technical field that architectural energy consumption in area distribution formula ENERGY PLANNING is calculated, it is more particularly to one kind
A kind of method of utilization pivot decoupling computation hot-summer and cold-winter area building load.
Background technology
With the lifting of China's economy and continuing to develop for society, resource-conserving, environmentally friendly theory start depth
Enter the popular feeling.Traditional industrial park makes the transition to scientific and technological ecological park, commercial center and residential block make the transition to comfortable livable type, they
Electric power, cooling and heating demand density are all than larger and user's Relatively centralized.Traditional point production mode efficiency of energy utilization is low, warp
Ji poor performance, has been not suitable with the demand of era development.Therefore, scholars propose the distributed energy system based on natural gas
System, it is fuel that natural gas is utilized in finite region, and hot and cold, electric clothes are provided simultaneously to user using cold, heat and electricity triple supply technology
The comprehensive energy supply system of business.The Distribution of Natural formula energy has good security, clean environment firendly, peak load shifting, economic benefit
Good the advantages of, it is increasingly becoming the trend of energy development.
With reference to the energy for building feature of China：(1) density of population is big and Residential concentration；(2) air conditioner load, domestic hot-water need
Ask and increase sharply；(3) the most centralized residence of city dweller is in residential quarters；(4) house is adjacent with business, office building.Therefore,
China suitably builds the region Distribution of Natural formula energy that is large-scale, integrating the users such as hotel, market, house.
Energy regional planning must be carried out before the development Distribution of Natural formula energy, wherein, the prediction of Regional Energy load
It is very important link in whole region ENERGY PLANNING with dynamic analysis.Become to obtain accurate cooling and heating load
Change trend, can take two methods at present：Direct computing method and software calculating method.Direct computing method generally uses reaction coefficient
Method, software calculating method generally uses universally acknowledged Design Builder and Energy Plus energy simulation softwares.
Both approaches are respectively provided with higher accuracy, but there have three in the practical application of distributed energy resource system to be big
Problem：(1) two methods need to provide the complete construction drawing of building and parameter, plan early stage in Regional Energy, many times
To the understanding of building only substantially, it is impossible to obtain complete parameter；(2) distributed energy resource system plans early stage, it is necessary to configure difference
The building of function make it that the paddy peak gap of the cooling and heating load in region is as far as possible small, and designer needs to know the dynamic of building load
The foundation of characteristic and its function classification；(3) with the development in region, the parameter such as density of personnel, simultaneity factor and daily schedule may
It can change, and larger, both approaches are differed with design conditions.
Therefore the dynamic characteristic of building load and the influence of various influence factors are needed to be grasped, foundation can meet work
Journey required precision, can quickly calculate the Forecasting Methodology of the cooling and heating load of building again.
The content of the invention
Goal of the invention：To solve technical problem present in prior art, the present invention proposes one kind using pivot decoupling
Method determines the computational methods of hot-summer and cold-winter area Building Cooling load, can meet requirement of engineering precision, can quickly calculate and build again
The cooling and heating load built.
Technical scheme：To realize above-mentioned technical purpose, general principle of the present invention according to thermal conduction study, to actual Building Cooling
The computation model of load does following several presupposition：(1) room is by four vertical exterior walls, roof and six, floor surface group
Into ignoring house interior amount of stored heat；(2) internal heat is disturbed as electrical equipment, the personnel such as illumination etc.；(3) inner air flowing is ignored；
(4) uniformity of temperature profile in room is assumed.Cold and hot amount needed for unit interval room should meet following formula：Calculate in the period per small
When qcool、qheatCumulative is the refrigeration duty total amount needed the period.
qcool=q1+q2+q3+q4
qheat=q1-q2+q3-q4
qcool, qheatThe hot and cold total amount of supply, W/m needed for representing room respectively2；q1Represent because indoor/outdoor temperature-difference causes
Heat transfer；q2Represent the solar radiation that building absorbs；q3Represent outside air osmotic heat；q4Represent that building interior thermal source is disturbed
Dynamic heat.q1、q2、q3And q4Detailed calculating formula may be referred to building thermal performance design handbook.Based on this, the present invention proposes one
The method that hot-summer and cold-winter area Building Cooling load is calculated using pivot decoupling method is planted, the pivot of influence cooling and heating load is first determined：
That is indoor comprehensive heat radiation power and daily schedule, this is the benchmark of cooling and heating load；The influence coefficient of other influences factor is sought again, and
The coupling with pivot is considered, these influence coefficient superpositions constitute correction factor；It is reality that last a reference value, which is multiplied by correction factor,
The cooling and heating load of border demand, specifically, calculating process comprises the following steps：
(1) according to indoor comprehensive heat radiation power q4, calculate a reference value C of refrigeration dutybaWith a reference value H of thermic loadba。q4It is right
Building Cooling loading effects are maximum, if only q4Change, refrigeration duty and q4It is linear, when solving thermic load, it is only necessary to changing environment
Temperature and indoor comfortable temperature, other input parameters are constant, and a reference value of cooling and heating load has one-to-one relationship, Ke Yiyong
Polynomial form is represented：
Cba=Ca·q4+Cb,
Wherein, q4[W/m2]=building individual layer actual height [m]/3.6 × (density of personnel [people/m2All kinds of electricity consumptions in]+indoor
Plant capacity [W/m2])；Ca, Cb, Ha~HgFor coefficient, value is as shown in the table：
Comprehensive heat radiation power characterizes the function classification of building, it is determined that the benchmark of cooling and heating load；What cold a reference value was calculated is 6
The refrigeration demand of~August part work in 24 hours, actual refrigeration duty demand is adjusted according to the daily schedule, thermic load a reference value
Similarly, it is 12~2 months to calculate month；
(2) daily schedule according to building, radiation coefficient and temperature difference coefficient are calculated：
Radiation coefficient
Temperature difference coefficientWherein, t1-1~t1-24For working time section, taken during work
1, take intensity of solar radiation in 0, different time sections bigger when not working, the radiation coefficient of correspondence period is also bigger, radiative chain
Matrix number depends on solar radiation and observes data, and temperature difference coefficient depends on indoor/outdoor temperature-difference, calculation basis Nanjing of the temperature difference
Area's temperature point data hourly and human comfort's temperature of indoor requirement；
(3) according to building orientation, orientation correction factor G (θ are calculated1) and G (θ2), G (θ1) represent building orientation to refrigeration duty
Influence, G (θ2) influence of the building orientation to thermic load is represented, building orientation mainly influences q2In solar radiation angle and window
Amount of solar heat coefficient is absorbed, cooling and heating load is calculated to the partial derivative of building orientation, result of calculation polynomial repressentation building orientation
Influence coefficient：
Wherein, θ1, θ2Represent the angle in building due south direction and geographical due south direction, θa1~θe2It is coefficient, value is as follows
Shown in table：
Orientation correction factor characterizes the same building same time in different building orientations to the cooling and heating load of building
Influence；
(4) according to window-wall ratio, window-wall ratio correction factor is calculated.Window-wall ratio mainly influences q1And q2In window areas, exterior wall
The overall heat-transfer coefficient of area and building enclosure, calculates cooling and heating load to the partial derivative of window-wall ratio, result of calculation linear relation
Represent window-wall ratio influence coefficient：
G(r1)=ra1·r1+rb1
G(r2)=ra2·r2+rb2
Wherein, r1, r2For window-wall ratio, r1=r2, the window-wall ratio refers to outer window ara and the ratio of wall area, G (r1) represent
Influence of the window-wall ratio to refrigeration duty, G (r2) represent influence of the window-wall ratio to thermic load；ra1, rb1, ra2, rb2It is coefficient, value is such as
Shown in following table：
(5) according to exterior wall thermal resistance, exterior wall thermal resistance correction factor is calculated.Exterior wall thermal resistance mainly influences q1And q2In exterior wall heat
Resistance and the overall heat-transfer coefficient of building enclosure, calculate the partial derivative of cooling and heating load External Wall thermal resistance, result of calculation cubic polynomial
Represent exterior wall thermal resistance influence coefficient：
G(R11) represent influence of the exterior wall thermal resistance to refrigeration duty, R11、R12Represent exterior wall thermal resistance, R11=R12, G (R12) table
Show influence of the exterior wall thermal resistance to thermic load, R1a1~R1d2It is coefficient, value is as shown in the table：
(6) according to window thermal resistance, window thermal resistance correction factor is calculated.Window thermal resistance mainly influences q1And q2In window heat
Resistance and the overall heat-transfer coefficient of building enclosure, calculate cooling and heating load to the partial derivative of window thermal resistance, result of calculation quadratic polynomial
Represent window thermal resistance influence coefficient：
Wherein, G (R21) represent influence of the window thermal resistance to refrigeration duty, G (R22) represent shadow of the window thermal resistance to thermic load
Ring, R21、R22For window thermal resistance, R21=R22, R2a1~R2c2It is coefficient, value is as shown in the table：
(7) coupling influence of own property parameters and operation property parameters is calculated, and calculates summer (winter) season unit plane
The average cold and hot power of product building, pivot decoupling method is reduced to the complicated coupling relation of effect of multiple parameters cooling and heating load to run
On the basis of property parameters, it is amendment to have property parameters by oneself, and considers both coupling influences：
Wherein,q4=65W/m2It is a turning point, indoor synthesis heat radiation power crosses conference
So that endogenous pyrogen is larger, changing rules different during with low value endogenous pyrogen are presented. It is
Coupling influence coefficient of the size and architectural modulus of indoor comprehensive heat radiation power to cooling and heating load.
Work as q4=25W/m2When, each period refrigeration (heat) amount account for whole day total amount ratio it is as shown in the table：
When comprehensive heat radiation power is not 25W/m2When, first calculate 25W/m according to upper table2When refrigeration or heating capacity, with 25W/
m2Press pure heat treatment in the part of difference.
The invention provides the computational methods that a kind of utilization pivot decoupling method determines hot-summer and cold-winter area Building Cooling load,
The factor for influenceing Building Cooling load is divided into two classes：The own property parameters of building and operation property parameters.Own property parameters
Direction, wall and window materials characterisitic parameter, window wall area ratio including building etc..When constructed, this class number of building
According to will not substantially change, they reflect the own attribute of building.Running property parameters includes the working time of building
The indoor thermal source disturbance such as section, personnel placement, the requirement of indoor human body comfort level, all kinds of electrical equipments of building interior.In reality
During use, this class data often changes with the change of user's request, and they reflect the operation attribute of building.
The calculating of Building Cooling load belongs to multiple-input and multiple-output model, for simplifying the analysis, often that multi input is how defeated
Go out model and split into multiple input single output model, multivariable process resolves into several subsystems, and each subsystem has a biography
Delivery function matrix, cooling and heating load is the synthesis result of various factors influence superposition.The concrete technical scheme of the present invention can be decomposed
Into following steps：
(1) when being used as different purposes after the completion of architecture construction, the difference of cooling and heating load is quite big.Therefore, it is of the invention
The computational methods of foundation think that influence of the operation property parameters of building to cooling and heating load is maximum, directly determine the function point of building
Class；
(2) after the function classification of building is determined, own property parameters amendment cooling and heating load is utilized；Simultaneously in view of working as room
Interior thermal source disturbance is more than after some value, and the own property parameters of building can produce opposite to the trend that cooling and heating load changes
Influence.Accordingly, it is considered to need to consider coupling shadow of the operation property parameters to having property parameters by oneself during the influence of own property parameters
Ring；
(3) daily schedule of building is different, the solar radiation value that the temperature difference and building of different period indoor and outdoor absorb
Also it is different, therefore introduce in Load Calculation Method temperature difference coefficient matrix and radiation coefficient matrix.
The method of the present invention needs the following parameter built：Freeze (heat) month, refrigeration (heat) temperature, daily working time
Section, unit area integrate heat radiation power, calculate air conditioning area, simultaneity factor, building orientation, window-wall ratio, exterior wall thermal resistance and window heat
Resistance.
Beneficial effect：Compared with prior art, the invention has the advantages that：
(1) this invention simplifies the flow for calculating Building Cooling load：User is not needed to provide complete construction
Drawing and all detail parameters values of building, it is not necessary to complicated pattern treatment procedure, it is not required that carry out complicated parameter and set
Put；
(2) present invention specify that the influence factor of Building Cooling load：The factor of influence Building Cooling load is divided into two
Class：Build own property parameters and operation property parameters, and run property parameters influences larger to the cooling and heating load of building, certainly
There is property parameters influence smaller；Influence relational expression of each influence factor to Building Cooling load is given simultaneously, building section is given
Either distributed energy resource system it can run there is provided foundation；
(3) present invention saves the time for calculating Building Cooling load：The parameter of input only has eight arrays, utilizes calculating
Mathematical forecasting model is written as module or manual calculation by machine programming can directly obtain Building Cooling load, the time of cost
It is few；The Building Cooling load forecasting method is relatively low to the professional threshold requirement of user, and learning time is short；
(4) present invention calculates the economy height of Building Cooling load：It is low to the configuration requirement of computer, in this embodiment it is not even necessary to count
Calculation machine, manual calculation can be rapidly completed；Do not need professional version third party software, eliminate third party software purchase expense,
Maintenance expense and training usage charges；
(5) research of the present invention to distributed energy resource system is significant：The cooling and heating load variation characteristic of building can be with
Instruct distributed energy resource system design, provide foundation for running Optimization.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the present invention；
Embodiment
The invention provides the computational methods that a kind of utilization pivot decoupling method determines hot-summer and cold-winter area Building Cooling load,
The factor for influenceing Building Cooling load is divided into two classes：The own property parameters of building and operation property parameters.Own property parameters
Direction, wall and window materials characterisitic parameter, window wall area ratio including building etc..When constructed, this class number of building
According to will not substantially change, they reflect the own attribute of building.Running property parameters includes the working time of building
The indoor thermal source disturbance such as section, personnel placement, the requirement of indoor human body comfort level, all kinds of electrical equipments of building interior.In reality
During use, this class data often changes with the change of user's request, and they reflect the operation attribute of building,
The function classification of building is determined according to the operation property parameters of building, needs to consider during the influence for then considering own property parameters
Coupling influence of the property parameters to own property parameters is run, final mathematical modeling is set up, overall procedure is as shown in Figure 1.
The inventive method comprises the following steps：
(1) according to indoor comprehensive heat radiation power q4, calculate a reference value C of refrigeration dutybaWith a reference value H of thermic loadba：
Cba=Ca·q4+Cb,
Wherein, q4[W/m2]=building individual layer actual height [m]/3.6 × (density of personnel [people/m2All kinds of electricity consumptions in]+indoor
Plant capacity [W/m2])；Ca, Cb, Ha~HgFor coefficient, value is as shown in the table：
Comprehensive heat radiation power characterizes the function classification of building, it is determined that the benchmark of cooling and heating load；What cold a reference value was calculated is 6
The refrigeration demand of~August part work in 24 hours, actual refrigeration duty demand is adjusted according to the daily schedule, thermic load a reference value
Similarly, it is 12~2 months to calculate month；
(2) daily schedule according to building, radiation coefficient and temperature difference coefficient are calculated：
Radiation coefficient
Temperature difference coefficientWherein, t1-1~t1-24For working time section, taken during work
1, take intensity of solar radiation in 0, different time sections bigger when not working, the radiation coefficient of correspondence period is also bigger, radiative chain
Matrix number depends on solar radiation and observes data, and temperature difference coefficient depends on indoor/outdoor temperature-difference, calculation basis Nanjing of the temperature difference
Area's temperature point data hourly and human comfort's temperature of indoor requirement；
(3) according to building orientation, orientation correction factor G (θ are calculated1) and G (θ2), G (θ1) represent building orientation to refrigeration duty
Influence, G (θ2) represent influence of the building orientation to thermic load：
Wherein, θ1, θ2Represent the angle in building due south direction and geographical due south direction, θa1~θe2It is coefficient, value is as follows
Shown in table：
Orientation correction factor characterizes the same building same time in different building orientations to the cooling and heating load of building
Influence；
(4) according to window-wall ratio, window-wall ratio correction factor is calculated：
G(r1)=ra1·r1+rb1
G(r2)=ra2·r2+rb2
Wherein, r1, r2For window-wall ratio, r1=r2, the window-wall ratio refers to outer window ara and the ratio of wall area, G (r1) represent
Influence of the window-wall ratio to refrigeration duty, G (r2) represent influence of the window-wall ratio to thermic load；, ra1, rb1, ra2, rb2It is coefficient, value is such as
Shown in following table：
(5) according to exterior wall thermal resistance, exterior wall thermal resistance correction factor is calculated：
G(R11) represent influence of the exterior wall thermal resistance to refrigeration duty, R11、R12Represent exterior wall thermal resistance, R11=R12, G (R12) table
Show influence of the exterior wall thermal resistance to thermic load, R1a1~R1d2 be coefficient, and value is as shown in the table：
(6) according to window thermal resistance, window thermal resistance correction factor is calculated：
Wherein, G (R21) represent influence of the window thermal resistance to refrigeration duty, G (R22) represent shadow of the window thermal resistance to thermic load
Ring, R21、R22For window thermal resistance, R21=R22, R2a1~R2c2It is coefficient, value is as shown in the table：
(7) coupling influence of own property parameters and operation property parameters is calculated, and calculates summer (winter) season unit area and is built
The average cold and hot power built：
Wherein,q4=65W/m2It is a turning point, indoor synthesis heat radiation power crosses conference
So that endogenous pyrogen is larger, changing rules different during with low value endogenous pyrogen are presented. It is
Coupling influence coefficient of the size and architectural modulus of indoor comprehensive heat radiation power to cooling and heating load.
Work as q4=25W/m2When, each period refrigeration (heat) amount account for whole day total amount ratio it is as shown in the table：
When comprehensive heat radiation power is not 25W/m2When, first calculate 25W/m according to upper table2When refrigeration or heating capacity, with 25W/
m2Press pure heat treatment in the part of difference.
With reference to example, the invention will be further described.In order to prove the repeatability of the present invention, two have been carried out
Group embodiment (No. 1 building and No. 2 building), while being verified from Building Energy Analysis software Design Builder and EnergyPlus
The accuracy of the mathematical modeling proposed.EnergyPlus can for the heating of building, refrigeration, illumination, ventilation and its
He carries out comprehensive simulation of energy consumption analysis at energy resource consumption.
No. 1 building：32.2 ° of building orientation south by west, air conditioning area 40306m2, exterior wall thermal resistance 1.85m2K/W, window thermal resistance
0.435m2K/W, window-wall ratio 0.54, full-time employment, 0.8 people of density of personnel/m2, indoor electric equipment 67W/m2, comprehensive radiating
Power 58W/m2。
No. 2 building：Building orientation due south, air conditioning area 7180.11m2, exterior wall thermal resistance 2.52m2K/W, window thermal resistance
0.427m2K/W, window-wall ratio 0.57, working time section 6-9,11-13,17-19 point, 2.6 people of density of personnel/m2, indoor electric
Equipment 89W/m2, comprehensive heat radiation power 92W/m2。
The computational methods and Energy Plus for being utilized respectively the present invention are calculated, when with method of the invention, the temperature difference
Coefficient uses value when working as 26 DEG C of Summer Indoor temperature, 20 DEG C of winter temperature：
As a result it is as shown in the table：
Comparing result shows：The result that two methods of cooling and heating load are obtained is all very close, and error is in engineering allowed band.
In summary, the factor of influence building load, is divided into operation attribute by the general principle of the invention based on thermal conduction study
With the own class of attribute two, on the basis of running property parameters, it is amendment to have property parameters by oneself, according to pivot decoupling method, it is determined that
The computational methods of typical building cooling and heating load, with higher precision and engineering practical value.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of method that utilization pivot decoupling method calculates hot-summer and cold-winter area Building Cooling load, it is characterised in that including with
Lower step：
(1) according to indoor comprehensive heat radiation power q4, calculate a reference value C of refrigeration dutybaWith a reference value H of thermic loadba：
Cba=Ca·q4+Cb,
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Wherein, q4[W/m2]=building individual layer actual height [m]/3.6 × (density of personnel [people/m2All kinds of electrical equipments in]+indoor
Power [W/m2])；Ca, Cb, Ha~HgFor coefficient, value is as shown in the table：
(2) daily schedule according to building, radiation coefficient and temperature difference coefficient are calculated：
Radiation coefficient
Temperature difference coefficient
Wherein, t1-1~t1-24For working time section, 1 is taken during work, 0 is taken when not working, radiation coefficient matrix depends on solar energy
Radiation Observation data, temperature difference coefficient depends on indoor/outdoor temperature-difference, the calculation basis area temperature point data hourly of the temperature difference
With human comfort's temperature of indoor requirement；
(3) according to building orientation, orientation correction factor G (θ are calculated1) and G (θ2), G (θ1) represent shadow of the building orientation to refrigeration duty
Ring, G (θ2) represent influence of the building orientation to thermic load：
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Wherein, θ1, θ2Represent the angle in building due south direction and geographical due south direction, θa1~θe2It is coefficient, value such as following table institute
Show：
(4) according to window-wall ratio, window-wall ratio correction factor is calculated：
G(r1)=ra1·r1+rb1
G(r2)=ra2·r2+rb2
Wherein, r1, r2For window-wall ratio, r1=r2, the window-wall ratio refers to outer window ara and the ratio of wall area, G (r1) represent window wall
Compare the influence of refrigeration duty, G (r2) represent influence of the window-wall ratio to thermic load；, ra1, rb1, ra2, rb2It is coefficient, value such as following table
It is shown：
(5) according to exterior wall thermal resistance, exterior wall thermal resistance correction factor is calculated：
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G(R11) represent influence of the exterior wall thermal resistance to refrigeration duty, R11、R12Represent exterior wall thermal resistance, R11=Ri2, G (R12) represent outer
Influence of the wall thermal resistance to thermic load, R1a1~R1d2It is coefficient, value is as shown in the table：
(6) according to window thermal resistance, window thermal resistance correction factor is calculated：
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<mi>R</mi>
<msub>
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<msub>
<mn>2</mn>
<mrow>
<mi>c</mi>
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
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Wherein, G (R21) represent influence of the window thermal resistance to refrigeration duty, G (R22) influence of the window thermal resistance to thermic load is represented,
R21、R22For window thermal resistance, R21=R22, R2a1~R2c2It is coefficient, value is as shown in the table：
(7) coupling influence of own property parameters and operation property parameters is calculated, and calculates being averaged for summer unit area building
The average thermal power of cold power and winter unit area building：
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Wherein,Work as q4=25W/m2When, the refrigeration or heat of each period account for the total amount of whole day
Ratio is as shown in the table：
When comprehensive heat radiation power is not 25W/m2When, first calculate 25W/m according to upper table2When refrigeration or heating capacity, with 25W/m2Phase
Press pure heat treatment in the part of difference.
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