CN104865533B - Vehicle power SOC High-precision display methods - Google Patents
Vehicle power SOC High-precision display methods Download PDFInfo
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- CN104865533B CN104865533B CN201510211825.2A CN201510211825A CN104865533B CN 104865533 B CN104865533 B CN 104865533B CN 201510211825 A CN201510211825 A CN 201510211825A CN 104865533 B CN104865533 B CN 104865533B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of vehicle power SOC High-precision display methods, with the numerical value W of charge capacity tableFill（t）Divided by step 4）In obtained specified electric quantity value Wmax, along with the SOC show values SOC before chargingBefore filling（t）, you can calculate and show the exact numerical SOC of SOC all the timeFill（t）, with the SOC show values SOC before electric dischargeBefore putting（t）Subtract discharge electricity amount table numerical value WPut（t）Divided by step 4）In obtained specified electric quantity value Wmax, you can SOC exact numerical SOC when calculating and showing electric dischargePut（t）.Understand from the above, the vehicle power SOC High-precision display methods of the present invention, SOC calculation is corrected by voltage, electricity is calculated, compared to conventional voltage than SOC display methods, not only cost is relatively low, be easier to realize, and also improves accuracy and reliability that vehicle SOC is shown.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the SOC display fields of modern society's electric car industry, and in particular to a kind of vehicle power SOC is high-precision
Spend display methods.
Background technology
With becoming increasingly conspicuous the problems such as global economic development and energy environment protection, the industry such as automobile is green to the saving energy
Color car industry makes the transition, and electric car turns into one of Main way that energy-saving and environment-friendly automobile develops with zero-emission and low noise advantages.
As the crucial power section of electric car, the importance of electrokinetic cell is self-evident.And the SOC of electrokinetic cell shows then to turn into and moved
The key content of power battery management work, is the pith that electric automobile moves towards people's life.SOC, that is, refer to state-of-charge, uses
To reflect the residual capacity of battery, it is numerically defined as the percentage that residual capacity accounts for battery rated capacity.Traditional SOC shows
Show that estimation strategy mainly has：
1. electric experimental method
Discharge test method estimates battery charge state（SOC）It is more accurately predictor method, it uses constant current type discharge
The product of electricity, discharge current and time are the electricity of releasing.Discharge test method is usually used for demarcating the capacity of battery, should
Method is applied to all batteries.But there is also obvious shortcoming：First, charge and discharge electric test needs to take a significant amount of time；Secondly, put
Electric experimental method cannot be used for the battery in work.This method is primarily adapted for use in laboratory and electric automobile maintenance.
2. Ah counting method
Ah counting method（Ampere hour, abbreviation AH）It is the most frequently used SOC methods of estimation, the original of Ah counting method
Reason is the discharge electricity amount being equivalent to discharge electricity amount of the battery under different electric currents under some specific electric current.
It is relatively simple method that Ah counting method, which calculates battery SOC, and this method is to pay close attention to the outside of the system
Feature, in electricity estimation process, is only concerned the electricity for flowing in and out battery.Ah counting method is calculated in real time using integration method
Battery is filled with the capacity with releasing, and by non-volatile recording and the electricity for calculating battery, finally can obtain battery at a time
Remaining electricity.This method easily realizes, but due to not obtaining the pass of battery SOC and charge/discharge electricity amount from inside battery
System, simply records charge/discharge electricity amount, so as to can cause battery SOC cumulative errors, as a result precision is relatively low, and this method can not
Determine the initial value of battery.Consider the influence factor of battery SOC, carry out electricity compensation, Ah counting can be properly increased
The precision of method.In the case of SOC initial values are accurate, it can be used for various batteries of electric automobile.
3. open circuit voltage method
The thought of open circuit voltage method is the corresponding relation of the open-circuit voltage and battery SOC or capacity that use battery, is passed through
Detect the open-circuit voltage estimation battery SOC of battery.The advantage of this method be can accurate preestimating battery initial value, its shortcoming,
Open-circuit voltage is unable to direct measurement in discharge and recharge first；Secondly, battery is after charge or discharge, it is necessary to a very long time
It could stablize.Open circuit voltage method is simple, but is difficult to be used alone in battery SOC dynamic estimation.Suitable for lead-acid battery, electricity
Electrical automobile parked state.
4. linear model method
Linear Fuzzy algorithm is to be based on SOC variable quantities, electric current, voltage and a upper time point SOC value, the linear side of foundation
Journey：
β0β1β2β3To utilize reference data, the coefficient obtained by least square method, without special physical significance.It is suitable
The situation gradual for low current, SOC and lead-acid battery.
5. internal resistance method
Internal resistance measurement method is the exchange electric excitation battery with different frequency, measures inside battery AC resistance, and by building
Vertical computation model obtains SOC estimates.The battery charge state that this method measurement is obtained reflects battery in certain specific perseverance
Banish the SOC value under the conditions of electricity.Because one-to-one relation is not present in battery SOC and internal resistance, it is impossible to a mathematics come
Accurate modeling.So, this method is rarely employed in electric vehicle.
6. Kalman filtering method
Kalman filtering method, is built upon on the basis of current integration method.The main thought of Kalman filtering method, be
The optimal estimation in minimum variance meaning is made to the state of dynamical system.This method is applied to battery SOC estimation, battery quilt
It is considered as a dynamical system, state-of-charge is an internal state of system.
The input item that the system is used to has：Battery current, environment temperature, battery remaining power, ohmic internal resistance and pole
Change the variables such as internal resistance, system is output as：The operating voltage of battery.Due to battery equivalent model determine nonlinear equation,
To be linearized in calculating process.The core concept of preestimating battery state-of-charge method is to include state-of-charge estimate and reflection is estimated
Error, covariance matrix recursion equation is counted, covariance matrix is used for providing estimation error scope.Kalman filtering method is in reality
Matrix operation amount is big, it is necessary to the single-chip microcomputer of high operational capability during border is used.
7. neural network
Neural network has nonlinear fundamental characteristics, its exterior input, corresponding output can be obtained, so can
For simulated battery dynamic characteristic, preestimating battery state-of-charge is used to.The neural net layer of preestimating battery state-of-charge is main
There are 3 layers：Input, output and intermediate layer；Estimate battery charge state, be frequently used to the variable of input such as：Voltage, electricity
Stream, releasing electricity, environment temperature, internal resistance of cell etc..The estimation precision of neural network is inputted depending on suitable neutral net
Variable, appropriate variable quantity.The deficiency of neural network is to need many reference datas to train, by training data and instruction
Practice influence of the method to estimation error larger.
Understood from above-mentioned analysis and from combining reality, each evaluation method all has respective shortcoming；Can by Fig. 2
Know, present electric car mainly uses lead-acid battery, and uses open-circuit voltage and the ratio of the rated voltage of batteries
Method realizes SOC display.Although this method more can accurately show the surplus of electricity during traveling,
But it is due to the magnitude of voltage of the only batteries of its measurement, is reduced with the voltage of batteries, the consumption of its electricity
It is increasingly faster, to later stage voltage SOC value can be quickly bottom out.Therefore, this method can not control electric power storage well
The electricity size and the endurance of battery in pond, the also display with regard to promising SOC propose new method so as in real time
The electricity and anticipation that reflect batteries go out necessity of the endurance of batteries etc..
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to：Overcoming the deficiencies in the prior art, there is provided a kind of vehicle power SOC high accuracy display side
Method, SOC calculation is corrected by voltage, and electricity is calculated, compared to conventional voltage than SOC display sides
Method, not only cost is relatively low, be easier to realize, and also improves accuracy and reliability that vehicle SOC is shown；In addition,
No matter electric car is in order at load condition or charged state, can be achieved the value that each moment of SOC shows be with it is vehicle-mounted
The actual electricity of power supply eliminates the SOC display dummy values phenomenons that motor-car is determined when traditional electric car is stopped compared to accurate value.
The technical solution used in the present invention is：
Vehicle power SOC High-precision display methods, comprise the following steps：
1）The electricity of batteries is all discharged in advance, and the batteries after electric discharge completely are charged, simultaneously
The charge capacity of batteries is recorded by charge capacity table W1, when the electricity of batteries is full of, charge capacity is recorded
Table W1 numerical value W1max, the i.e. maximum charge of batteries charge value；
2）Batteries after electricity is full of are discharged, while recording the electric discharge of batteries by discharge electricity amount table W2
Electricity, when the electricity charging of batteries has all been discharged, records discharge electricity amount table W2 numerical value W2max, i.e. battery
The charge value of the maximum electric discharge of group；
3）W1max and W2max average value is taken as the specified electric quantity value Wmax ' of batteries；
4）Repeat step 1）、2）With 3）, multiple Wmax ' are drawn, obtained multiple Wmax ' are averaged as most
Whole battery specified electric quantity value Wmax；
5）Demarcate SOC：
In charging process, the numerical value recorded with charge capacity table is to be charged into the total electricity W inside batteriesFill（t）,
According to current from starting to charge up to charging, with the numerical value W of charge capacity tableFill（t）Divided by step 4）In obtained specified electric quantity value
Wmax, along with the SOC show values SOC before chargingBefore filling（t）, you can calculate and show the exact numerical of SOC all the time
SOCFill（t）, specific mathematical description is as follows：
During charging：
Wherein SOCBefore filling（t）Represent the electricity before charging, WFill（t）Represent that current time has been charged into total electricity of batteries
Amount, SOCFill（t）Represent that electricity during charging in batteries accounts for the percentage of total electricity；
In discharge process, the numerical value recorded with discharge electricity amount table is by the total electricity W discharged inside batteriesPut
（t）, according to from starting to discharge into electric discharge currently, with the SOC show values SOC before electric dischargeBefore putting（t）Subtract discharge electricity amount table numerical value WPut
（t）Divided by step 4）In obtained specified electric quantity value Wmax, you can SOC exact numerical SOC when calculating and showing electric dischargePut
（t）, specific mathematical description is as follows：
During electric discharge：
Wherein SOCBefore putting（t）Represent the electricity before electric discharge, WPut（t）The total electricity that current time batteries are released is represented,
SOCPut（t）Represent that electricity during electric discharge in batteries accounts for the percentage of total electricity.
Further improvement project is the present invention, the step 1）With step 2）In, when being averaged for all batteries of batteries
When magnitude of voltage is Umin ', it is believed that the electricity of batteries is all discharged；When the average voltage level of all batteries of batteries is
During Umax ', it is believed that the electricity charging of batteries is filled with；After batteries progress repeatedly complete discharge and recharge, according to
Battery management system BMS gathers out the rated voltage average value with all batteries in cell battery pack after charging after electric discharge every time
Umin and Umax, i.e., the maximum that the minimum amount of voltage that and battery pack average voltage that battery pack average voltage can reach can reach
Magnitude of voltage, and respective average value Umin ' and Umax ' is calculated respectively to the Umin and Umax repeatedly measured.
Further improvement project of the invention is, the step 3）In, when W1max and W2max difference are less than or equal to
When in W1max and W2max compared with the X% of fractional value, average value is calculated as batteries to the data W1max and W2max measured
Specified electric quantity value Wmax ', the value of the X is in the range of 3 ~ 10.
Further improvement project of the invention is, the step 4）In, repeat step 1）、2）、3）Afterwards, effective battery
The specified electric quantity value Wmax ' of group quantity is more than 100.
Further improvement project of the invention is, the step 5）In, wherein SOCBefore filling（t）Represent before battery charging
Electricity, i.e., when battery rated voltage average value be Umin ' when batteries electricity, define SOCBefore filling（t）=0；Wherein
SOCBefore putting（t）The electricity before batteries electric discharge is represented, i.e., the electricity of battery pack when the rated voltage average value of battery is Umax '
Amount, defines SOCBefore putting（t）=100%.
Further improvement project of the invention is that charge capacity table W1 and discharge electricity amount the table W2 is unidirectional electricity
Table.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are：
Firstth, vehicle power SOC High-precision display methods of the invention, SOC calculation is rectified by voltage
Just, electricity is calculated, compared to conventional voltage than SOC display methods, not only cost is relatively low, be easier realize, and
Also improve accuracy and reliability that vehicle SOC is shown.
Secondth, vehicle power SOC High-precision display methods of the invention, no matter electric car is in order at load condition and still filled
Electricity condition, the value that achievable each moment of SOC shows is the accurate value compared with the actual electricity of vehicle power, and
And eliminate the SOC display dummy values phenomenons that motor-car is determined when traditional electric car is stopped.
Brief description of the drawings：
Fig. 1 is circuit diagram of the invention.
Fig. 2 is the circuit diagram of tradition SOC display methods.
Fig. 3 is the coordinate diagram of battery electric quantity and time in charge test of the invention.
Fig. 4 is the coordinate diagram of battery electric quantity and time in discharge test of the invention.
Embodiment：
As shown in Figure 1, vehicle power SOC High-precision display methods, comprise the following steps：
1）The electricity of batteries is all discharged in advance, and the batteries after electric discharge completely are charged, simultaneously
The charge capacity of batteries is recorded by charge capacity table W1, when the electricity of batteries is full of, charge capacity is recorded
Table W1 numerical value W1max, the i.e. maximum charge of batteries charge value；
2）Batteries after electricity is full of are discharged, while recording the electric discharge of batteries by discharge electricity amount table W2
Electricity, when the electricity charging of batteries has all been discharged, records discharge electricity amount table W2 numerical value W2max, i.e. battery
The charge value of the maximum electric discharge of group；
3）W1max and W2max average value is taken as the specified electric quantity value Wmax ' of batteries；
4）Repeat step 1）、2）With 3）, multiple Wmax ' are drawn, obtained multiple Wmax ' are averaged as most
Whole battery specified electric quantity value Wmax；
5）Demarcate SOC：
In charging process, the numerical value recorded with charge capacity table is to be charged into the total electricity W inside batteriesFill（t）,
According to current from starting to charge up to charging, with the numerical value W of charge capacity tableFill（t）Divided by step 4）In obtained specified electric quantity value
Wmax, along with the SOC show values SOC before chargingBefore filling（t）, you can calculate and show the exact numerical of SOC all the time
SOCFill（t）, specific mathematical description is as follows：
During charging：
Wherein SOCBefore filling（t）Represent the electricity before charging, WFill（t）Represent that current time has been charged into total electricity of batteries
Amount, SOCFill（t）Represent that electricity during charging in batteries accounts for the percentage of total electricity；
In discharge process, the numerical value recorded with discharge electricity amount table is by the total electricity W discharged inside batteriesPut
（t）, according to from starting to discharge into electric discharge currently, with the SOC show values SOC before electric dischargeBefore putting（t）Subtract discharge electricity amount table numerical value WPut
（t）Divided by step 4）In obtained specified electric quantity value Wmax, you can SOC exact numerical SOC when calculating and showing electric dischargePut
（t）, specific mathematical description is as follows：
During electric discharge：
Wherein SOCBefore putting（t）Represent the electricity before electric discharge, WPut（t）The total electricity that current time batteries are released is represented,
SOCPut（t）Represent that electricity during electric discharge in batteries accounts for the percentage of total electricity.
The step 1）With step 2）In, when the average voltage level of all batteries of batteries is Umin ', it is believed that electric power storage
The electricity of pond group is all discharged；When the average voltage level of all batteries of batteries is Umax ', it is believed that the electricity of batteries
Charging is filled with；After batteries progress repeatedly complete discharge and recharge, gathered out and put every time according to battery management system BMS
With rated voltage the average value Umin and Umax of all batteries in cell battery pack after charging, i.e. battery pack average voltage after electricity
The maximum voltage value that the minimum amount of voltage that and battery pack average voltage that can be reached can reach, and to the Umin that repeatedly measures and
Umax calculates respective average value Umin ' and Umax ' respectively.
The step 3）In, when W1max and W2max difference is less than or equal in W1max and W2max compared with fractional value
During X%, average value is calculated as the specified electric quantity value Wmax ' of batteries to the data W1max and W2max measured, the X's
Value is in the range of 3 ~ 10（In the present embodiment, X value is 5）.
The step 4）In, repeat step 1）、2）、3）Afterwards, the specified electric quantity value Wmax ' of effective batteries quantity
More than 100（In the present embodiment, the specified electric quantity value Wmax ' of effective batteries quantity is 1000）.
The step 5）In, wherein SOCBefore filling（t）Represent the electricity before battery charging, the i.e. rated voltage when battery
The electricity of batteries when average value is Umin ', defines SOCBefore filling（t）=0；Wherein SOCBefore putting（t）Represent before batteries electric discharge
Electricity, i.e., the electricity of battery pack, defines SOC when the rated voltage average value of battery is Umax 'Before putting（t）=100%.
Charge capacity table W1 and discharge electricity amount the table W2 is unidirectional voltameter.
By taking the sample car that the applicant produces as an example, battery capacity 22OAH, vehicle power supply is by 500 monomer series-connected group of sections
Into, monomer nominal voltage 1.2V, then vehicle nominal voltage is 600V, and the total electricity of battery is 132kWH；Battery pack is carried out
The discharge and recharge of 1000 times, and pass through battery management system（BMS）It has recorded each battery in each battery pack fully charged and complete
Magnitude of voltage after electric discharge, and the total electricity of each discharge and recharge of battery pack is carried out by charge capacity table W1 and discharge electricity amount table W2
Record, is respectively Umin=1.0V, Umax=1.45V by can be calculated battery cell mean, that is, sets cell electric discharge
Terminate and stop voltage for 1.0V, the blanking voltage of charging is 1.45V, Umin '=500.0V, Umax '=725.00V, according to charging electricity
The numerical value that scale W1 and discharge electricity amount table W2 are recorded, is calculated after average value, the electricity for obtaining charge or discharge is each about
100kWH, i.e. this 100kWH are the available power of battery pack；When there is monomer battery voltage less than or equal to 1.0V, Wo Mending
Before adopted SOC fills（t）=0, when there is monomer voltage more than or equal to 1.45V, before SOC is put（t）=100%.And to 1.0V ~ 1.45V areas
Interior magnitude of voltage mean allocation corresponds to the 1% of S0C digital display values respectively into 100 parts per a.
Claims (5)
1. vehicle power SOC High-precision display methods, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
1）The electricity of batteries is all discharged in advance, and the batteries after electric discharge completely are charged, is passed through simultaneously
Charge capacity table W1 records the charge capacity of batteries, when the electricity of batteries is full of, records charge capacity table W1
Numerical value W1max, the i.e. maximum charge of batteries charge value；
2）Batteries after electricity is full of are discharged, while recording the electric discharge electricity of batteries by discharge electricity amount table W2
Amount, when the electricity charging of batteries has all been discharged, records discharge electricity amount table W2 numerical value W2max, i.e. batteries
Maximum electric discharge charge value；
3）When W1max and W2max difference is less than or equal in W1max and W2max compared with the X% of fractional value, to the data measured
W1max and W2max calculates average value as the specified electric quantity value Wmax ' of batteries, and the value of the X is in the range of 3 ~ 10；
4）Repeat step 1）、2）With 3）, multiple Wmax ' are drawn, obtained multiple Wmax ' are averaged as final
Battery specified electric quantity value Wmax；
5）Demarcate SOC：
In charging process, the numerical value recorded with charge capacity table is to be charged into the total electricity W inside batteriesFill（t）, according to
It is current from starting to charge up to charging, with the numerical value W of charge capacity tableFill（t）Divided by step 4）In obtained specified electric quantity value Wmax,
Along with the SOC show values SOC before chargingBefore filling（t）, you can calculate and show the exact numerical SOC of SOC all the timeFill（t）,
Specific mathematical description is as follows：
During charging：
Wherein SOCBefore filling（t）Represent the electricity before charging, WFill（t）Represent that current time has been charged into the total electricity of batteries,
SOCFill（t）Represent that electricity during charging in batteries accounts for the percentage of total electricity；
In discharge process, the numerical value recorded with discharge electricity amount table is by the total electricity W discharged inside batteriesPut（t）,
According to from starting to discharge into electric discharge currently, with the SOC show values SOC before electric dischargeBefore putting（t）Subtract discharge electricity amount table numerical value WPut（t）Remove
With step 4）In obtained specified electric quantity value Wmax, you can SOC exact numerical SOC when calculating and showing electric dischargePut（t）,
Specific mathematical description is as follows：
During electric discharge：
Wherein SOCBefore putting（t）Represent the electricity before electric discharge, WPut（t）Represent the total electricity that current time batteries are released, SOCPut
（t）Represent that electricity during electric discharge in batteries accounts for the percentage of total electricity.
2. vehicle power SOC High-precision display methods as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The step 1）And step
2）In, when the average voltage level of all batteries of batteries is Umin ', it is believed that the electricity of batteries is all discharged；Work as storage
When the average voltage level of all batteries of battery pack is Umax ', it is believed that the electricity charging of batteries is filled with；By batteries
Carry out repeatedly completely after discharge and recharge, gathered out every time after electric discharge according to battery management system BMS and battery battery after charging
Rated voltage the average value Umin and Umax of all batteries in group, i.e., battery pack average voltage can reach minimum amount of voltage that and
The maximum voltage value that battery pack average voltage can reach, and respective average is calculated respectively to the Umin and Umax repeatedly measured
Value Umin ' and Umax '.
3. vehicle power SOC High-precision display methods as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The step 4）In, repeat
Step 1）、2）、3）Afterwards, the specified electric quantity value Wmax ' of effective batteries quantity is more than 100.
4. vehicle power SOC High-precision display methods as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that：The step 5）In, wherein
SOCBefore filling（t）The electricity before battery charging is represented, i.e., the batteries when the rated voltage average value of battery is Umin '
Electricity, defines SOCBefore filling（t）=0；Wherein SOCBefore putting（t）The electricity before batteries electric discharge is represented, i.e., when the rated voltage of battery is put down
The electricity of battery pack when average is Umax ', defines SOCBefore putting（t）=100%.
5. the vehicle power SOC High-precision display methods as described in the wherein any one of claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that：Institute
Charge capacity table W1 and discharge electricity amount table W2 is stated for unidirectional voltameter.
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| CN108957328A (en) * | 2017-05-19 | 2018-12-07 | 江苏猎吧科技有限公司 | A kind of electricity load-balancing algorithm of automobile-used identifying system |
| CN111289906B (en) * | 2020-04-02 | 2021-11-26 | 辽宁工业大学 | Power battery SOC estimation method |
| CN111469713B (en) * | 2020-04-28 | 2021-11-12 | 东风汽车集团有限公司 | Passive equalization control method for new energy automobile power battery |
| CN113791357B (en) * | 2021-11-16 | 2022-03-29 | 深圳维普创新科技有限公司 | Method and related device for intelligently correcting battery display electric quantity |
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