CN104864443B - A kind of co-generation unit of energy-conserving and environment-protective - Google Patents
A kind of co-generation unit of energy-conserving and environment-protective Download PDFInfo
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- CN104864443B CN104864443B CN201510116044.5A CN201510116044A CN104864443B CN 104864443 B CN104864443 B CN 104864443B CN 201510116044 A CN201510116044 A CN 201510116044A CN 104864443 B CN104864443 B CN 104864443B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/14—Combined heat and power generation [CHP]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P80/00—Climate change mitigation technologies for sector-wide applications
- Y02P80/10—Efficient use of energy, e.g. using compressed air or pressurized fluid as energy carrier
- Y02P80/15—On-site combined power, heat or cool generation or distribution, e.g. combined heat and power [CHP] supply
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- Steam Or Hot-Water Central Heating Systems (AREA)
- Heat-Pump Type And Storage Water Heaters (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a kind of co-generation unit, arranging circulating pump on the water return pipeline of radiator, Programmable Logic Controller carries out data cube computation with regulation valve and circulating pump, when the frequency of circulating pump changes, the aperture of regulation valve changes accordingly, so that the hot water of input heat exchanger changes accordingly.The present invention intelligence cooperation by pump and regulation valve so that it is reach maximum heat exchange efficiency, to save the energy, reach the purpose of environmental protection and energy saving.
Description
The application is to be 2014101475351 for original applying number, and invention and created name is the divisional application that the patent of invention of a kind of radiator and the co-generation unit including radiator thereof proposes.
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of heat exchangers, particularly relate to the radiator in a kind of cogeneration of heat and power field, belong to field of heat exchangers and the F24D heating field of F28.
Background technology
In radiator; it is suitable for finned tubular radiator widely at present; area of dissipation can be expanded by fin; strengthen heat transfer effect; but the quality of the setting of the fansink-type of finned tube and finned tube parameter all influencer radiating effects; and at present in the case of energy crisis; the urgent need energy to be saved; meet the sustainable development of society; it is thus desirable to develop a kind of new finned tube, simultaneously need to the structure of finned tube is optimized so that it is reach maximum heat exchange efficiency; to save the energy, reach the purpose of environmental protection and energy saving.
Additionally, in current co-generation unit, the amount of drawing gas of the steam of steam turbine cannot be carried out automatically controlling, also cannot be controlled according to the temperature of heating, cause aspirating too much steam, cause waste.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved is provide a kind of new radiator and include the co-generation unit of radiator.
To achieve these goals, technical scheme is as follows: a kind of radiator, described radiator includes base tube and outside fin, described outside fin is enclosed outside fin, described enclosed outside fin includes fin and closes the closure plate of fin, top from base tube bottom to base tube, the distance closing fin distance base tube is more and more nearer.
Closing the distance of fin distance base tube, the amplitude that bottom to top tapers into is more and more lower.
A kind of co-generation unit, including boiler, steam turbine, electromotor, vapor-water heat exchanger, the steam that boiler produces passes through steam turbine, then generated electricity by electromotor, meanwhile, from steam turbine, extract a part of steam enter vapor-water heat exchanger, carrying out heat exchange with the fluid from cold-water return pipe in vapor-water heat exchanger, the condensed water of steam loops back boiler.
Described system farther includes hot water feeding pipe, cold-water return pipe, regulation valve, inflow temperature sensor, heat exchanger, Programmable Logic Controller, described vapor-water heat exchanger connects hot water feeding pipe and cold-water return pipe, hot water feeding pipe is connected with heat exchanger, hot water feeding pipe arranges regulation valve, for regulating the hot water amount entering heat exchanger, on pipeline between regulation valve and heat exchanger, inflow temperature sensor is set, for measuring the inflow temperature of heat exchanger.
Heat exchanger is connected with heat user feed pipe and heat user return pipe, heat user radiator is connected between heat user feed pipe and heat user return pipe, the water of heat user return pipe, by carrying out indirect heat exchange with the hot water in heat exchanger, is arrived in user's radiator by heat user feed pipe and heats；Described circulating pump be arranged on user's radiator and and heat exchanger between heat user return pipe on.
Extraction line between steam turbine and vapor-water heat exchanger arranges extraction control valve, extraction control valve and Programmable Logic Controller data cube computation, extraction control valve is used for the control amount of drawing gas, simultaneously, the inflow temperature of the heat exchanger according to temperature sensor measurement regulates the amount of drawing gas, if inflow temperature is too high, then and the corresponding minimizing amount of drawing gas, if inflow temperature is too low, then accordingly increase the amount of drawing gas.
Preferably, if the first temperature of inlet temperature subnormal temperature, then the aperture of extraction control valve reaches the first aperture higher than normal aperture, inlet temperature is less than the second temperature of the first temperature, then the aperture of extraction control valve reaches the second aperture higher than the first aperture, inlet temperature is less than the 3rd temperature of the second temperature, then the aperture of extraction control valve reaches the 3rd aperture higher than the second aperture, inlet temperature is less than the 4th temperature of the 3rd temperature, then the aperture of extraction control valve reaches the 4th aperture higher than the 3rd aperture, inlet temperature is less than the 5th temperature of the 4th temperature, then the aperture of extraction control valve reaches the 5th aperture higher than the 4th aperture, if inlet temperature is less than the 5th temperature, then the aperture of extraction control valve reaches the highest.
A kind of co-generation unit, including boiler, steam turbine, electromotor, vapor-water heat exchanger, the steam that boiler produces passes through steam turbine, then generated electricity by electromotor, meanwhile, from steam turbine, extract a part of steam enter vapor-water heat exchanger, carrying out heat exchange with the fluid from cold-water return pipe in vapor-water heat exchanger, the condensed water of steam loops back boiler.
Described system farther includes hot water feeding pipe, cold-water return pipe, regulation valve, leaving water temperature sensors, heat exchanger, Programmable Logic Controller, and described vapor-water heat exchanger connects hot water feeding pipe and cold-water return pipe, and hot water feeding pipe is connected with heat exchanger.
Heat exchanger is connected with heat user feed pipe and heat user return pipe, heat user radiator is connected between heat user feed pipe and heat user return pipe, the water of heat user return pipe, by carrying out indirect heat exchange with the hot water of the heating plant offer in heat exchanger, is arrived in user's radiator by heat user feed pipe and heats；Described circulating pump be arranged on user's radiator and and heat exchanger between heat user return pipe on.
Exhaust steam after extraction steam turbine power generation, first with the steam of extraction in steam turbine, then enters back into and carries out heat exchange in vapor-water heat exchanger.
The pipeline take out exhaust steam arranges weary steam control valve, weary steam control valve and Programmable Logic Controller carry out data cube computation, temperature sensor is set on the jet chimney of vapor-water heat exchanger entrance simultaneously, temperature sensor and Programmable Logic Controller carry out data cube computation, it is used for measuring the temperature of the steam entering vapor-water heat exchanger, Programmable Logic Controller regulates the aperture of weary steam control valve by the inlet steam temperature of vapor-water heat exchanger, if inlet steam temperature is too high, then increase the aperture of weary steam control valve, if inlet steam temperature is too low, then reduce the aperture of weary steam control valve.
Preferably, the aperture of regulation extraction control valve and weary steam control valve regulates the temperature of the steam entered in vapor-water heat exchanger simultaneously, if steam inlet temperature is too high, then increase the aperture of weary steam control valve, reduce the aperture of extraction control valve, if inlet steam temperature is too low, then reduce the aperture of weary steam control valve, increase the aperture of extraction control valve.
Preferably, heat exchanger is connected with cold-water return pipe, arranges effusion meter on cold-water return pipe, for detecting the flow of the water in cold-water return pipe；On cold-water return pipe between effusion meter and heat exchanger, leaving water temperature sensors is set, for measuring the leaving water temperature of heat exchanger；Hot water feeding pipe arranges inflow temperature sensor, for measuring the inflow temperature of heat exchanger.
Described calorimeter and inflow temperature sensor, leaving water temperature sensors and effusion meter carry out data cube computation, and calculate the heat of the consuming of heat user according to the flow of inflow temperature, leaving water temperature and the water measured.
Described Programmable Logic Controller carries out data cube computation with circulating pump, calorimeter and regulation valve, for automatically controlling co-generation unit；The data that the heat of user uses are passed to Programmable Logic Controller by calorimeter, and the heat that Programmable Logic Controller is bought according to user contrasts with currently used heat, if heat has run out, Controlled by Programmable Controller regulation valve completely closes.
Arranging heat user feed temperature sensor on heat user feed pipe, be used for detecting heat user feed temperature, feed temperature sensor and Programmable Logic Controller carry out data cube computation；When Controlled by Programmable Controller regulation valve cuts out, water circulating pump continues to run with, and when the feed temperature of feed temperature sensor detection reaches certain limit and cannot use, Programmable Logic Controller progressively slows down and circulates defeated pump and be finally stopped the operation of water circulating pump.
A kind of co-generation unit, including boiler, steam turbine, electromotor, extraction control valve, vapor-water heat exchanger, the steam that boiler produces, by steam turbine, is then generated electricity by electromotor, simultaneously, the fluid from cold-water return pipe extracted from steam turbine in a part of steam entrance vapor-water heat exchanger, with vapor-water heat exchanger carries out heat exchange, and the condensed water of steam loops back boiler.
Described system farther includes hot water feeding pipe, cold-water return pipe, regulation valve, inflow temperature sensor, leaving water temperature sensors, heat exchanger, heat user flow pipe, heat user return pipe, user's radiator, circulating pump, effusion meter, calorimeter, Programmable Logic Controller, described vapor-water heat exchanger connects hot water feeding pipe and cold-water return pipe, hot water feeding pipe is connected with heat exchanger, hot water feeding pipe arranges regulation valve, for regulating the hot water amount entering heat exchanger, on pipeline between regulation valve and heat exchanger, inflow temperature sensor is set, for measuring the inflow temperature of heat exchanger.
Heat exchanger is connected with heat user feed pipe and heat user return pipe, heat user radiator is connected between heat user feed pipe and heat user return pipe, the water of heat user return pipe, by carrying out indirect heat exchange with the hot water of the heating plant offer in heat exchanger, is arrived in user's radiator by heat user feed pipe and heats；Described circulating pump be arranged on user's radiator and and heat exchanger between heat user return pipe on.
Heat exchanger is connected with cold-water return pipe, arranges effusion meter on cold-water return pipe, for detecting the flow of the water in cold-water return pipe；On cold-water return pipe between effusion meter and heat exchanger, leaving water temperature sensors is set, for measuring the leaving water temperature of heat exchanger.
Described calorimeter and inflow temperature sensor, leaving water temperature sensors and effusion meter carry out data cube computation, and calculate the heat of the consuming of heat user according to the flow of inflow temperature, leaving water temperature and the water measured.
Described Programmable Logic Controller carries out data cube computation with circulating pump, calorimeter and regulation valve, for automatically controlling co-generation unit；The data that the heat of user uses are passed to Programmable Logic Controller by calorimeter, and the heat that Programmable Logic Controller is bought according to user contrasts with currently used heat, if heat has run out, Controlled by Programmable Controller regulation valve completely closes.
Arranging heat user feed temperature sensor on heat user feed pipe, be used for detecting heat user feed temperature, feed temperature sensor and Programmable Logic Controller carry out data cube computation；When Controlled by Programmable Controller regulation valve cuts out, water circulating pump continues to run with, and when the feed temperature of feed temperature sensor detection reaches certain limit and cannot use, Programmable Logic Controller progressively slows down and circulates defeated pump and be finally stopped the operation of water circulating pump.
Preferably, Programmable Logic Controller calculates the remaining heat of user automatically, and user's heat surplus reaches the first data when, Programmable Logic Controller adjusts regulation valve to the first aperture less than normal aperture；User's heat surplus reaches less than first data the second data when, Programmable Logic Controller adjusts regulation valve to the second aperture less than the first aperture；User's heat surplus reaches less than the second data three data when, Programmable Logic Controller adjusts regulation valve to the 3rd aperture less than the second aperture；User's heat surplus reaches less than the 3rd data four data when, Programmable Logic Controller adjusts regulation valve to the 4th aperture less than the 3rd aperture；User's heat surplus reaches less than the 4th data five data when, Programmable Logic Controller adjusts regulation valve to the 5th aperture less than the 4th aperture；User's heat surplus reaches less than the 5th data six data when, Programmable Logic Controller adjusts regulation valve to the 6th aperture less than the 5th aperture；Last user's heat surplus reaches close to zero when, Programmable Logic Controller adjusts regulation valve and completely closes.
A kind of co-generation unit, including boiler, steam turbine, electromotor, vapor-water heat exchanger, the steam that boiler produces, by steam turbine, is then generated electricity by electromotor, simultaneously, from steam turbine, extract the water from cold-water return pipe in a part of steam entrance vapor-water heat exchanger, with vapor-water heat exchanger carry out heat exchange, after water heating, enter hot water feeding pipe, hot water feeding pipe is connected with heat exchanger, and the water in radiator return pipe enters in heat exchanger and heats.
Regulation valve is set on hot water feeding pipe, enters the hot water in heat exchanger with regulation.
Arranging circulating pump on the water return pipeline of radiator, Programmable Logic Controller carries out data cube computation with regulation valve and circulating pump, and when the frequency of circulating pump changes, the aperture of regulation valve changes accordingly, so that the hot water of input heat exchanger changes accordingly.
Co-generation unit compared with prior art, present invention have the advantage that:
1) provide a kind of new heat sink format, be gradually reduced, to increase the chimney effect that fin is formed along the circulating direction of extraneous air by the space of the outside fin encirclement of user's radiator.
2) according to the temperature of heating, extracted steam from turbine is automatically controlled.
3) according to mixing temperature to exhaust steam and or the steam amount of drawing gas automatically control.
4) the invention provides a kind of new heating system that can carry out heat control, user oneself buy heat, once heat is finished, then be automatically stopped heating.
5) after stopping heating; water pump; original state is maintained to continue to run with; feed temperature by Programmable Logic Controller detection heat user; when feed temperature is reduced to certain limit and cannot use; Programmable Logic Controller triggers halt command, slows down circulating pump by subtracting and finally shuts down. and this operation is mainly when heat user network is bigger, makes full use of the waste heat in system pipeline.
6) user buy heat will be finished when, system is reminded user by gradually reducing heating amount, is made user buy in time.
7) present invention passes through test of many times, devises different tube diameters, differing heights, the fin of angle are tested, thus obtained an optimum fin optimum results, and verified by test, thus demonstrate the accuracy of result.
8) space surrounded to outside fin carries out test of many times and is designed, and has drawn the trend that the curve of outside fin is parabola shaped, has reached optimum chimney effect.
9) have developed new radiator base tube and the material of fin, strengthen heat transfer.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of co-generation unit of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is another schematic diagram of co-generation unit of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of user's radiator of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the cross sectional representation of finned tube.
Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of a Fig. 4 embodiment in terms of left side.
Fig. 6 is the embodiment schematic diagram of a Fig. 4 optimization in terms of left side.
Reference is as follows: 1 boiler, 2 steam turbines, 3 electromotors, 4 extraction control valves, 5 weary steam control valves, 6 vapor-water heat exchangers, 7 hot water feeding pipes, 8 cold-water return pipes, 9 regulation valves, 10 effusion meters, 11 inflow temperature sensors, 12 leaving water temperature sensors, 13 heat exchangers, 14 heat user feed pipes, 15 heat user return pipes, 16 circulating pumps, 17 calorimeters, 18 Programmable Logic Controllers, 19 real operation interfaces, 20 upper headers, 21 base tubes do not have the part of fin, 22 finned tubes, 23 lower collector pipe, 24 base tubes, 25 first fins, 26 gaps, 27 a connecting piece, 28 second fins, 29 the 4th fins, 30 the 3rd fins, 31 second connect sheet.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings the detailed description of the invention of the present invention is described in detail.
As shown in Figure 1-2, a kind of co-generation unit includes extract system, heat-exchange system and cooling system, wherein carry out heat exchange by vapor-water heat exchanger 6 between extract system with heat-exchange system to associate, between heat-exchange system and cooling system, carry out heat exchange connection by heat exchanger 13.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of co-generation unit of cogeneration of heat and power, described co-generation unit includes boiler 1, steam turbine 2, electromotor 3, extraction control valve 4, vapor-water heat exchanger 6, described vapor-water heat exchanger 6 connects hot water feeding pipe 7 and cold-water return pipe 8, cold water carries out heat exchange with the steam in vapor-water heat exchanger 6, produces hot water.The steam that boiler 1 produces is by steam turbine 2, then generated electricity by electromotor 3, meanwhile, from steam turbine 2, extract a part of steam enter heat exchanger 6, carrying out heat exchange with the fluid from cold-water return pipe 8 in heat exchanger 6, the condensed water of steam loops back boiler 1.
Preferably, vapor-water heat exchanger 6 is shell-and-tube heat exchanger.
As shown in Figure 1, described system farther includes hot water feeding pipe 7, cold-water return pipe 8, regulation valve 9, inflow temperature sensor 11, leaving water temperature sensors 12, heat exchanger 13, heat user flow pipe 14, heat user return pipe 15, user's radiator, circulating pump 16, effusion meter 10, calorimeter 17, Programmable Logic Controller 18, described hot water feeding pipe 7 is connected with heat exchanger 13, hot water feeding pipe 7 arranges regulation valve 9, for regulating the flow of the hot water entering heat exchanger 13, on pipeline between regulation valve 9 and heat exchanger 13, inflow temperature sensor 11 is set, for measuring the inflow temperature of heat exchanger 13.
Heat exchanger 13 is connected with heat user feed pipe 14 and heat user return pipe 15, heat user radiator (seeing Fig. 2) is connected between heat user feed pipe 14 and heat user return pipe 15, the water of heat user return pipe 15, by carrying out heat exchange with the hot water of the steam-water heat exchanger offer in heat exchanger 13, is arrived in user's radiator by heat user feed pipe 14 and heats；Described circulating pump 16 is arranged on heat user return pipe 15.
Heat exchanger 13 is connected with cold-water return pipe 8, arranges effusion meter 10 on cold-water return pipe 8, for detecting the flow of the water in cold-water return pipe 8；On cold-water return pipe 8 between effusion meter 10 and heat exchanger 13, leaving water temperature sensors is set, for measuring the leaving water temperature of heat exchanger 13.
Described calorimeter 17 and inflow temperature sensor 11, leaving water temperature sensors 12 and effusion meter 10 carry out data cube computation, and calculate the heat of the consuming of heat user according to the flow of inflow temperature, leaving water temperature and the water measured.
Described Programmable Logic Controller 18 carries out data cube computation, for automatically controlling co-generation unit with circulating pump 16, calorimeter 17 and regulation valve 10；The data that the heat of user uses are passed to Programmable Logic Controller 18 by calorimeter 17, the heat that Programmable Logic Controller 18 is bought according to user contrasts with currently used heat, if heat has run out, Programmable Logic Controller 18 controls to adjust valve and completely closes.
Arranging heat user feed temperature sensor (not shown) on heat user feed pipe, be used for detecting heat user feed temperature, feed temperature sensor and Programmable Logic Controller carry out data cube computation；When Controlled by Programmable Controller regulation valve cuts out, water circulating pump continues to run with, and when the feed temperature of feed temperature sensor detection reaches certain limit and cannot use, Programmable Logic Controller progressively slows down and circulates defeated pump and be finally stopped the operation of water circulating pump.
Circulating pump is not shut down; original state is maintained to continue to run with; feed temperature by Programmable Logic Controller detection heat user; when feed temperature is reduced to certain limit and cannot use; Programmable Logic Controller triggers halt command; slow down circulating pump by subtracting and finally shut down. this operation is mainly when heat user network is bigger, makes full use of the waste heat in system pipeline as far as possible.
Above-mentioned co-generation unit can also include display operating panel, and real operation panel class can carry out inquiring about, paying the fees the operations such as purchase heat for user.
Calorimeter can be real-time by user use heat be supplied to Programmable Logic Controller, it is also possible to providing according to the regular hour, such as every day carries out lump-sum settlement.
Programmable Logic Controller calculates the remaining heat of user automatically, and user's heat surplus reaches the first data when, Programmable Logic Controller adjusts regulation valve to the first aperture less than normal aperture；User's heat surplus reaches less than first data the second data when, Programmable Logic Controller adjusts regulation valve to the second aperture less than the first aperture；User's heat surplus reaches less than the second data three data when, Programmable Logic Controller adjusts regulation valve to the 3rd aperture less than the second aperture；User's heat surplus reaches less than the 3rd data four data when, Programmable Logic Controller adjusts regulation valve to the 4th aperture less than the 3rd aperture；User's heat surplus reaches less than the 4th data five data when, Programmable Logic Controller adjusts regulation valve to the 5th aperture less than the 4th aperture；User's heat surplus reaches less than the 5th data six data when, Programmable Logic Controller adjusts regulation valve to the 6th aperture less than the 5th aperture；Last user's heat surplus reaches close to zero when, Programmable Logic Controller adjusts regulation valve and completely closes.
Programmable Logic Controller is progressively closed regulation valve by above-mentioned and reduced the operation running power of pump, it can be the stopping heated progressively, so user just can feel that heating amount is gradually declining, and is finished so that it knows that the heat that you buy has closed on, needs to buy as early as possible.
Above-mentioned operation can complete in certain period of time, has completed in the most several days or in the week, and such user could gradually feel the minimizing of heating amount, thus reminds him actively to buy heat.
Above-mentioned user operation can pass through real-time performance, thus realize without cassette heat charging administration system, achieve charge to transmit without card with what heat supply network was supplemented with money, heat user obtains the payment password obtained according to payment number after Online Payment, and supplement with money in unit operation management program within a certain period of time, supplement the rear amount of money with money all to lose efficacy with password, thus greatly reduce the financial risks in heat supply network charge.
Certainly, user can also directly use Web bank to carry out buying operation by real operation panel.
Preferably, arranging regulation valve in extraction line between steam turbine 2 and heat exchanger 6, regulation valve is connected with Programmable Logic Controller eighteen data, and regulation valve is for the control amount of drawing gas, meanwhile, the inlet temperature of the heat exchanger 13 measured according to temperature sensor 11 regulates the amount of drawing gas.If inlet temperature is too high, then the corresponding minimizing amount of drawing gas, if inlet temperature is too low, then accordingly increases the amount of drawing gas.
Of course, it is possible to arrange the amount of drawing gas of multiple notch cuttype according to inlet temperature.If the first temperature of inlet temperature subnormal temperature, the aperture then regulating valve reaches the first aperture higher than normal aperture, inlet temperature is less than the second temperature of the first temperature, the aperture then regulating valve reaches the second aperture higher than the first aperture, inlet temperature is less than the 3rd temperature of the second temperature, the aperture then regulating valve reaches the 3rd aperture higher than the second aperture, inlet temperature is less than the 4th temperature of the 3rd temperature, the aperture then regulating valve reaches the 4th aperture higher than the 3rd aperture, inlet temperature is less than the 5th temperature of the 4th temperature, the aperture then regulating valve reaches the 5th aperture higher than the 4th aperture, if inlet temperature is less than the 5th temperature, the aperture then regulating valve reaches the highest.
If the aperture of regulation valve 4 reach the highest after, inlet temperature is still less than the 5th temperature, and now, Programmable Logic Controller can send warning, reminds whether whole system exists leakage or goes wrong.
Certainly, if inlet temperature is too high, the aperture reducing regulation valve the most accordingly reduces the amount of drawing gas.
As in figure 2 it is shown, as one preferably, the steam that the exhaust steam after steam turbine power generation first and can be extracted in steam turbine 2, then enter back into and heat exchanger 6 carries out heat exchange.So on the one hand, the heat energy in exhaust steam in steam turbine can be made full use of, on the other hand because the temperature and pressure of the steam of extraction is the highest in steam turbine, the resistance to gentle bearing capacity causing heat exchanger 6 requires the highest, mixed by both, the temperature and pressure of the steam can being lowered in heat exchanger 6, reduces the requirement of heat exchanger performance.
As one preferably, as shown in Figure 2, regulation valve 5 is set in the pipeline take out exhaust steam, regulation valve 5 carries out data cube computation with Programmable Logic Controller, temperature sensor is set on the jet chimney of heat exchanger 6 entrance simultaneously, temperature sensor and Programmable Logic Controller carry out data cube computation, it is used for measuring the temperature of the steam entering heat exchanger 6, Programmable Logic Controller regulates the aperture of valve 5 by the inlet temperature of steam, if steam inlet temperature is too high, then increase the aperture of regulation valve 5, if inlet steam temperature is too low, then reduce the aperture of regulation valve 5.
As one preferably, the aperture that can simultaneously regulate valve 4 and 5 regulates the temperature of the steam entered in heat exchanger 6.If steam inlet temperature is too high, then increase the aperture of regulation valve 5, reduce the aperture of regulation valve 4, if inlet steam temperature is too low, then reduce the aperture of regulation valve 5, increase the aperture of regulation valve 4.
As one preferably, described Programmable Logic Controller 18 carries out data cube computation with regulation valve 9, when radiator circulating pump 16 because the heat consumption of user complete or will consume complete and when causing aperture to change, now, Programmable Logic Controller 18 is according to the aperture of the Automatic Frequency regulation valve 9 of circulating pump 16, so that the hot water of input heat exchanger 13 changes accordingly, such as, corresponding minimizing, to save the energy.
Certainly, present invention also offers a kind of radiator, this kind of radiator can be protected as a single radiator product.
Described heat user radiator is finned tubular radiator, including upper header 20, lower collector pipe 23 and connection upper header 20 and the finned tube 22 of lower collector pipe 23, described finned tube 22 includes circular base tube 24 and first fin the 25, second fin 28, the extended line of outside and the first fin 25 and the second fin 28 that the first fin 25 and the second fin 28 are arranged on base tube 24 intersects at the central axis of the base tube at the place, the center of circle of base tube 26, and the first fin 25 and the second fin 28 are along by the first plane B specular of base tube central axis；Described finned tube includes the 3rd fin 30 and the 4th fin 29, described 3rd fin the 30, the 4th fin 29 along the second plane C respectively with the first fin 25 and the second fin 28 specular, described second plane C vertical with the first plane B and also through the central axis of base tube 24；Arranging a connecting piece 27 between described first fin 25 and the second fin 28, arrange the second connection sheet 31 between described 3rd fin 30 and the 4th fin 33, a connecting piece 27 and the second connection sheet 31 are circular arc type metallic plate；The central axis of described circular arc-shaped metal plate and the central axes of base tube 24；Described base tube is straight tube, and the central axis of described adjacent base tube is parallel to each other.
Preferably, the first fin of adjacent base tube is parallel to each other, represents that the second fin of adjacent base tube is the most parallel to each other, and in like manner, the 3rd fin, the 4th fin are the most parallel to each other.This feature shows that finned tube arranges according to equidirectional.
It is to be understood that as it is shown on figure 3, the central axis of base tube is exactly a line of the set formation of the centre point on the cross section of base tube 24, the central axis of circular arc-shaped metal plate is exactly the line that on cross section, the set of the centre point of circular arc-shaped metal plate is formed.The central axis of described circular arc-shaped metal plate and the central axes of base tube 18 refer on cross section, and circular arc-shaped metal plate and base tube are concentric circulars.
Preferably, all being the same size of all finned tubes.
By above-mentioned setting so that fin forms a gap 26 with being connected between sheet, heat convection when, gap 26 is the formation of a kind of chimney effect, it is possible to strengthen heat exchange.
First fin, the second fin form space with the 3rd fin and the 4th fin of adjacent fins pipe, and this space forms certain space, it is possible to forms chimney effect, adds strong convection, augmentation of heat transfer.
Angle between described first fin and the second fin is A, the first fin and a length of L of the second fin, and the outer radius of base tube is R, and certainly, because specular, the length of the 3rd fin and the 4th fin is L the most naturally.But find in practice, in heat transfer process, if fin angle is too small, then can hinder heat exchange, because if fin angle is too small, cause the first fin, the distance of the second fin is the nearest, then temperature boundary layer in closed area along with start on the direction of base tube height overlap, it is saturated that gas temperature moves closer to heat close to tube wall temperature, flow resistance increases, finally deteriorate heat exchange on the contrary, the advantage of outer fin plays the most out, same reason, constantly increase along with angle, make the distance connecting sheet distance base tube the nearest, again such that temperature boundary layer in closed area along with start on the direction of base tube height overlap, it is saturated that gas temperature moves closer to heat close to tube wall temperature, flow resistance increases, finally deteriorate heat exchange on the contrary, therefore angle has an optimum.
For finned length, if oversize, even if then because the heat of base tube cannot arrive the end of fin in time or to reach effect the most inconspicuous, if it is the shortest, then extension heat exchange area is the least, it is impossible to reaching a good heat transfer effect, therefore the height of fin also has an optimum.
For the distance between two finned tubes, if first distance is the nearest or the most close, then the space (seeing Fig. 3) of the spacing connecting sheet of two finned tubes is the least, then air cannot enter, by the gap between fin, the space formed between finned tube, heat exchange now can only rely on entrance air bottom radiator, it is unable to reach good heat convection effect, same reason, if the distance is too far, then the one the second the 3rd the 4th fins of finned tube cannot form the space of effective chimney effect, thus cause heat transfer effect to be deteriorated, therefore a suitable numerical value is also required to for the distance between two finned tubes.
As shown in Figure 4, for fin along base tube axially on height H, it is also required to that there is a suitable numerical value, if fin height is the highest, then on the top of fin, because boundary region in closed area along with start on the direction of base tube height overlap, cause the deterioration of heat exchange, in like manner, the lowest, then heat exchange does not give full play to, thus affects heat transfer effect.
Therefore, the present invention is the size relationship of finned tube of the optimal radiator summed up by the test data of multiple various sizes of radiators.Because finned tube also has included angle A, finned length L, fin height H these three variable, therefore, introducing two characteristics sin (A/2), L/R, H/R, R is the radius of base tube here, heat dissipation capacity maximum from heat transfer effect, calculates nearly 200 kinds of forms.Described size relationship is as follows:
Angle between described first fin and the second fin is A, the first fin and a length of L of the second fin, and the outer radius of base tube is R, along base tube axially on fin height H, the relation of above-mentioned four meets equation below:
Sin(A/2)=a×(L/R)2+b×(L/R)+c
H/(R×10)= e×Sin(A/2) 2-f×Sin(A/2)+h
Wherein, A unit is angle, 60 ° < A < 110 °,
The size of L be mm, 12mm < L < 80mm,
The unit of R be mm, 10mm < R < 80mm,
The unit of H be mm, 800mm < R < 1200mm,
A, b, c, e, f, h are coefficient, and a is 44-45 in the range of 0.36-0.37, e in the range of the scope of 21-23, f in the range of 0.266-0.28, c in the range of 0.04-0.042, b, and h is 23-25.
By testing after result of calculation, by calculating border and the numerical value of intermediate value, the result of gained substantially matches with formula again, and error is substantially within 4%, and maximum relative error is less than 6%, and mean error is 2%.
The optimum of coefficient optimization is: a is 0.0412, and b is 0.02715, and c is 0.03628, and e is 22, and f is 44.37, and h is 23.86.
Preferably, the distance between adjacent base tube central axis is S=d × (L+R) × sin (A/2), and wherein d is 1.1-1.2.
As it is shown on figure 3, the distance between adjacent base tube central axis is exactly the distance on cross section between two base tube centers of circle.
The optimum results of d is 1.118.
As one preferably, described heat exchanger 13 is heat-exchangers of the plate type.
As one preferably, as shown in Figure 5,6, the first fin of described radiator and the fin height of the second fin taper into top from the bottom of user's radiator.By so arranging, so that in the flow process that air is in the space of fin, gap 26 area is more and more less, so that its flow velocity is increasingly faster, chimney effect is more and more obvious, thus strengthens heat exchange.
As one preferably, the amplitude that the first fin of described radiator and the fin height of the second fin taper into from the bottom of user's radiator to top is more and more lower.It is demonstrated experimentally that in radiator, by so arranging, the amplitude of heat transfer effect change to be substantially better than is constant or situation about becoming larger.
As one preferably, the first fin of described radiator and the fin height of the second fin are parabolic structure from the bottom of user's radiator to top.This set is that the change of fin serves fairshaped effect, reaches best heat transfer effect, simultaneously as extend a part outside bottom, allows more air into gap.
Two kinds of situations for Fig. 5 and Fig. 6, the fin of radiator still can use the angle between described first fin and the second fin to be A, first fin and a length of L of the second fin, the outer radius of base tube is R, along base tube axially on the formula that meets of fin height H, it is contemplated that ease of processing, in the height direction finned tube can be divided into a few part, every part takes average fin height H, but length L keeps constant, use the mode of total length, determine included angle A by average fin height.
Can certainly calculate an angle directly by using average fin height, the height angle along fin keeps constant.
Certainly, in particular cases, because the difficulty manufactured, fin the most not necessarily have to meet the optimization formula of above-mentioned several parameters, it is also possible to is set to the mode being easy to manufacture, the most as shown in Figure 6, fin is the mode of straight line, highly it is always maintained at constant, but the distance in the center of circle of circular arc closure plate distance finned tube base tube, and the height along base tube constantly reduces.
As preferably, the distance in the center of circle of circular arc closure plate distance finned tube base tube, in short transverse, the streamlined change of parabolically formula, simultaneously as extend a part outside bottom, allows more air into gap.
Certainly, the embodiment of Fig. 6, it is also possible to meet the formula of above-mentioned optimization, but manufacture cumbersome.
The material of base tube and fin preferably aluminium alloy, the mass percent of the component of described aluminium alloy is as follows: 1.4%Cu, 2.8%Mg, 3.2%Ag, 1.2%Mn, 0.42%Zr, 0.15%Fe, 1.18%Ti, 18.38%Si, 0.4%Cr, 1.1%Ni, and remaining is Al.
The manufacture method of aluminium alloy is: use vacuum metallurgy melting, and argon for protecting pouring becomes circle base, through 600 DEG C of Homogenization Treatments, at 400 DEG C, uses and is hot extruded into bar, the most again after 580 DEG C of solution hardening, carry out artificial aging process at 200 DEG C.Heat conductivity is more than 250W/ (m*k) at a temperature of 50-70 DEG C.
Although the present invention discloses as above with preferred embodiment, but the present invention is not limited to this.Any those skilled in the art, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, all can make various changes or modifications, and therefore protection scope of the present invention should be as the criterion with claim limited range.
Claims (2)
1. a co-generation unit, including boiler, steam turbine, electromotor, vapor-water heat exchanger, the steam that boiler produces passes through steam turbine, then generated electricity by electromotor, meanwhile, from steam turbine, extract a part of steam enter vapor-water heat exchanger, heat exchange is carried out with the water from cold-water return pipe in vapor-water heat exchanger, entering hot water feeding pipe after water heating, hot water feeding pipe is connected with heat exchanger, and the water in the return pipe of heat user radiator enters in heat exchanger and heats；
Regulation valve is set on hot water feeding pipe, enters the hot water in heat exchanger with regulation；
Arranging circulating pump on the water return pipeline of heat user radiator, Programmable Logic Controller carries out data cube computation with regulation valve and circulating pump, and when the frequency of circulating pump changes, the aperture of regulation valve changes accordingly, so that the hot water of input heat exchanger changes accordingly；
It is characterized in that, described system farther includes inflow temperature sensor, leaving water temperature sensors, heat user feed pipe, effusion meter, calorimeter, described vapor-water heat exchanger connects hot water feeding pipe and cold-water return pipe, hot water feeding pipe is connected with heat exchanger, on pipeline between regulation valve and heat exchanger, inflow temperature sensor is set, for measuring the inflow temperature of heat exchanger；
Heat exchanger is connected with the return pipe of heat user feed pipe and heat user radiator, heat user radiator is connected between the return pipe of heat user feed pipe and heat user radiator, the water of the return pipe of heat user radiator, by carrying out indirect heat exchange with the hot water of the heating plant offer in heat exchanger, is arrived in heat user radiator by heat user feed pipe and heats；On the return pipe of the heat user radiator that circulating pump is arranged between heat user and heat exchanger；
Heat exchanger is connected with cold-water return pipe, arranges effusion meter on cold-water return pipe, for detecting the flow of the water in cold-water return pipe；On cold-water return pipe between effusion meter and heat exchanger, leaving water temperature sensors is set, for measuring the leaving water temperature of heat exchanger；
Described calorimeter and inflow temperature sensor, leaving water temperature sensors and effusion meter carry out data cube computation, and calculate the heat of the consuming of heat user according to the flow of inflow temperature, leaving water temperature and the water measured；
Programmable Logic Controller carries out data cube computation with circulating pump, calorimeter and regulation valve, for automatically controlling co-generation unit；The data that the heat of heat user uses are passed to Programmable Logic Controller by calorimeter, and the heat that Programmable Logic Controller is bought according to heat user contrasts with currently used heat, if heat has run out, Controlled by Programmable Controller regulation valve completely closes；
Arranging heat user feed temperature sensor on heat user feed pipe, be used for detecting heat user feed temperature, feed temperature sensor and Programmable Logic Controller carry out data cube computation；When Controlled by Programmable Controller regulation valve cuts out, circulating pump continues to run with, and when the feed temperature of feed temperature sensor detection reaches certain limit and cannot use, Programmable Logic Controller progressively slows down circulating pump and is finally stopped the operation of circulating pump.
2. co-generation unit as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, Programmable Logic Controller calculates the remaining heat of heat user automatically, and heat user heat surplus reaches the first data when, Programmable Logic Controller adjusts regulation valve to the first aperture less than normal aperture；When heat user heat surplus reaches the second data less than the first data, Programmable Logic Controller adjusts regulation valve to the second aperture less than the first aperture；When heat user heat surplus reaches three data less than the second data, Programmable Logic Controller adjusts regulation valve to the 3rd aperture less than the second aperture；When heat user heat surplus reaches four data less than the 3rd data, Programmable Logic Controller adjusts regulation valve to the 4th aperture less than the 3rd aperture；When heat user heat surplus reaches five data less than the 4th data, Programmable Logic Controller adjusts regulation valve to the 5th aperture less than the 4th aperture；When heat user heat surplus reaches six data less than the 5th data, Programmable Logic Controller adjusts regulation valve to the 6th aperture less than the 5th aperture；Last heat user heat surplus reaches close to zero when, Programmable Logic Controller adjusts regulation valve and completely closes.
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| CN201510116044.5A CN104864443B (en) | 2014-04-14 | 2014-04-14 | A kind of co-generation unit of energy-conserving and environment-protective |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201410147535.1A CN103939979B (en) | 2014-04-14 | 2014-04-14 | Heat radiator and combined heat and power generation system including same |
| CN201510116044.5A CN104864443B (en) | 2014-04-14 | 2014-04-14 | A kind of co-generation unit of energy-conserving and environment-protective |
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| CN201410147535.1A Division CN103939979B (en) | 2014-04-14 | 2014-04-14 | Heat radiator and combined heat and power generation system including same |
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| CN201510116045.XA Expired - Fee Related CN104864446B (en) | 2014-04-14 | 2014-04-14 | A kind of co-generation unit making full use of pipeline waste heat |
| CN201510116025.2A Expired - Fee Related CN104791899B (en) | 2014-04-14 | 2014-04-14 | A kind of cogeneration of heat and power heating system |
| CN201410147535.1A Expired - Fee Related CN103939979B (en) | 2014-04-14 | 2014-04-14 | Heat radiator and combined heat and power generation system including same |
| CN201510116044.5A Expired - Fee Related CN104864443B (en) | 2014-04-14 | 2014-04-14 | A kind of co-generation unit of energy-conserving and environment-protective |
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| CN201510116025.2A Expired - Fee Related CN104791899B (en) | 2014-04-14 | 2014-04-14 | A kind of cogeneration of heat and power heating system |
| CN201410147535.1A Expired - Fee Related CN103939979B (en) | 2014-04-14 | 2014-04-14 | Heat radiator and combined heat and power generation system including same |
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| CN104776491B (en) * | 2015-04-27 | 2016-06-15 | 南阳师范学院 | A kind of cloud computing solar energy system |
| CN104764085B (en) * | 2015-04-27 | 2016-08-31 | 南阳师范学院 | A kind of heating system processing Intelligent adjustment based on cloud |
| CN104896572B (en) * | 2015-05-11 | 2017-03-22 | 山东理工大学 | Boiler system for monitoring by using cloud server |
| CN104776492B (en) * | 2015-05-11 | 2016-03-16 | 山东理工大学 | A kind of therrmodynamic system utilizing cloud server intelligent control valve aperture |
| CN104791905B (en) * | 2015-05-11 | 2016-05-25 | 山东理工大学 | A kind of co-generation unit that utilizes cloud server Based Intelligent Control |
| CN104791904B (en) * | 2015-05-11 | 2016-03-16 | 山东理工大学 | A kind of cooling system based on cloud service platform intelligent monitoring |
| CN104807367B (en) * | 2015-05-11 | 2017-03-22 | 山东理工大学 | Heat exchange station system for remote monitoring by utilizing cloud server |
| CN105202775B (en) * | 2015-09-25 | 2017-02-15 | 南阳师范学院 | Accumulated-heat-insisted heating solar system capable of being monitored remotely and intelligently |
| CN105332807B (en) * | 2015-09-28 | 2018-03-20 | 百发动力（无锡）有限公司 | The control system and its control method of cogeneration of heat and power oil-electric engine group |
| CN105973053B (en) * | 2016-06-24 | 2018-03-30 | 茂名重力石化装备股份公司 | A kind of longitudinal wings finned tube and the heating furnace with the finned tube |
| CN107228729A (en) * | 2017-06-18 | 2017-10-03 | 李晨天 | Prepressing type bottom valve door condition sensor based on end dynamic data analytical technology |
| CN108662574A (en) * | 2018-05-07 | 2018-10-16 | 山东胜星化工有限公司 | A kind of control system of steam exhaust recovering device |
| CN109158845A (en) * | 2018-08-13 | 2019-01-08 | 南宁市安和机械设备有限公司 | A kind of preparation method and automobile radiators of Ultrathin automobile radiating circular tube |
| CN109028286A (en) * | 2018-10-11 | 2018-12-18 | 河北工大科雅能源科技股份有限公司 | A kind of heat supply balance regulation system based on monitor supervision platform and smart valve |
| CN113864750B (en) * | 2021-08-30 | 2024-02-09 | 国核电力规划设计研究院有限公司 | Nuclear power plant heating system |
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| CN1148868C (en) * | 2000-12-04 | 2004-05-05 | 清华大学 | Method and equipment for regulating peak of electric power |
| JP2006250413A (en) * | 2005-03-09 | 2006-09-21 | Mitsubishi Alum Co Ltd | Aluminum alloy fin material for heat exchanger and heat exchanger |
| CN201340204Y (en) * | 2008-10-31 | 2009-11-04 | 王硕 | Heating radiator |
| CN201650379U (en) * | 2009-12-22 | 2010-11-24 | 辽宁电力控制技术有限公司 | Cogeneration system |
| CN101967999B (en) * | 2010-09-25 | 2013-06-12 | 北京联合优发能源技术有限公司 | Combined heat and power generation energy saving device using afterheat to supply heat and energy saving method |
| CN102032612A (en) * | 2010-10-26 | 2011-04-27 | 北京国电电科院节能技术有限公司 | Cogeneration energy-saving device and method using residual heat of direct air-cooling unit to supply heat |
| CN103542736B (en) * | 2013-09-27 | 2014-08-13 | 山东大学 | Inner-fin arc-shaped closed-type finned pipe radiator |
| CN104791891B (en) * | 2013-10-16 | 2016-07-06 | 中北大学 | Superconductive liquid is utilized to carry out the heating radiator dispelled the heat |
| CN104089414B (en) * | 2013-12-05 | 2015-07-08 | 中北大学 | Solar thermal collector system with intelligent valve control function |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
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| CN104791899B (en) | 2017-01-04 |
| CN104864446A (en) | 2015-08-26 |
| CN104791899A (en) | 2015-07-22 |
| CN103939979B (en) | 2015-04-08 |
| CN104864446B (en) | 2016-12-07 |
| CN104864443A (en) | 2015-08-26 |
| CN103939979A (en) | 2014-07-23 |
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