CN104864443A - Energy-saving and environment-friendly combined heat and power generation system - Google Patents
Energy-saving and environment-friendly combined heat and power generation system Download PDFInfo
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- CN104864443A CN104864443A CN201510116044.5A CN201510116044A CN104864443A CN 104864443 A CN104864443 A CN 104864443A CN 201510116044 A CN201510116044 A CN 201510116044A CN 104864443 A CN104864443 A CN 104864443A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/14—Combined heat and power generation [CHP]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P80/00—Climate change mitigation technologies for sector-wide applications
- Y02P80/10—Efficient use of energy, e.g. using compressed air or pressurized fluid as energy carrier
- Y02P80/15—On-site combined power, heat or cool generation or distribution, e.g. combined heat and power [CHP] supply
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- Steam Or Hot-Water Central Heating Systems (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention provides a combined heat and power generation system. A circulating pump is arranged on a water return pipeline of a radiator, and data connection is realized between a programmable controller and an adjusting valve, as well as between the programmable controller and the circulating pump. When the frequency of the circulating pump changes, the opening degree of the adjusting valve changes correspondingly, so that hot water input into a heat exchanger changes correspondingly. Through intelligent cooperation of the circulating pump and the adjusting valve, the heat exchange efficiency is maximized to save energy and achieve the purposes of environmental protection and energy saving.
Description
The application is 2014101475351 for original applying number, and invention and created name is the divisional application that the patent of invention of a kind of radiator and the co-generation unit comprising radiator thereof proposes.
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of heat exchangers, particularly relate to a kind of radiator of cogeneration of heat and power field, belong to field of heat exchangers and the F24D heating field of F28.
Background technology
In radiator; be suitable for finned tubular radiator widely at present; area of dissipation can be expanded by fin; strengthen heat transfer effect; but the quality of the setting of the fansink-type of finned tube and finned tube parameter all influencer's radiating effect; and at present when energy crisis; urgent need wants economize energy; meet the sustainable development of society; therefore need to develop a kind of new finned tube, need the structure of finned tube to be optimized simultaneously, make it reach maximum heat exchange efficiency; with economize energy, reach the object of environmental protection and energy saving.
In addition, in current co-generation unit, the amount of drawing gas of the steam of steam turbine cannot control automatically, also cannot control according to the temperature of heating, causes aspirating too much steam, causes waste.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is the co-generation unit providing a kind of new radiator and comprise radiator.
To achieve these goals, technical scheme of the present invention is as follows: a kind of radiator, described radiator comprises base tube and outside fin, described outside fin is enclosed outside fin, described enclosed outside fin comprises the closure plate of fin and closed fin, from base tube bottom to the top of base tube, close fin pitch from base tube distance more and more close to.
Close the distance of fin pitch from base tube, the amplitude that bottom diminishes gradually to top is more and more lower.
A kind of co-generation unit, comprise boiler, steam turbine, generator, vapor-water heat exchanger, the steam that boiler produces passes through steam turbine, then generated electricity by generator, meanwhile, from steam turbine, extract a part of steam enter vapor-water heat exchanger, heat exchange is carried out, the water circulation back boiler after steam-condensation with the fluid from cold-water return pipe in vapor-water heat exchanger.
Described system comprises hot water feeding pipe, cold-water return pipe, control valve, inflow temperature sensor, heat exchanger, Programmable Logic Controller further, described vapor-water heat exchanger connects hot water feeding pipe and cold-water return pipe, hot water feeding pipe is connected with heat exchanger, hot water feeding pipe arranges control valve, for regulating the hot water amount entering heat exchanger, pipeline between control valve and heat exchanger is arranged inflow temperature sensor, for measuring the inflow temperature of heat exchanger.
Heat exchanger is connected with heat user feed pipe and heat user return pipe, heat user radiator is connected between heat user feed pipe and heat user return pipe, the water of heat user return pipe by carrying out indirect heat exchange with the hot water in heat exchanger, and then is arrived in user radiator by heat user feed pipe and heats; Described circulating pump be arranged on user's radiator and and heat exchanger between heat user return pipe on.
In extraction line between steam turbine and vapor-water heat exchanger, extraction control valve is set, extraction control valve and Programmable Logic Controller data cube computation, extraction control valve is used for the control amount of drawing gas, simultaneously, inflow temperature according to the heat exchanger of temperature sensor measurement regulates the amount of drawing gas, if inflow temperature is too high, then and the corresponding minimizing amount of drawing gas, if inflow temperature is too low, then the corresponding increase amount of drawing gas.
Preferably, if the first temperature of inlet temperature subnormal temperature, then the aperture of extraction control valve reaches the first aperture higher than normal aperture, inlet temperature is lower than the second temperature of the first temperature, then the aperture of extraction control valve reaches the second aperture higher than the first aperture, inlet temperature is lower than the 3rd temperature of the second temperature, then the aperture of extraction control valve reaches the 3rd aperture higher than the second aperture, inlet temperature is lower than the 4th temperature of the 3rd temperature, then the aperture of extraction control valve reaches the 4th aperture higher than the 3rd aperture, inlet temperature is lower than the 5th temperature of the 4th temperature, then the aperture of extraction control valve reaches the 5th aperture higher than the 4th aperture, if inlet temperature is lower than the 5th temperature, then the aperture of extraction control valve reaches the highest.
A kind of co-generation unit, comprise boiler, steam turbine, generator, vapor-water heat exchanger, the steam that boiler produces passes through steam turbine, then generated electricity by generator, meanwhile, from steam turbine, extract a part of steam enter vapor-water heat exchanger, heat exchange is carried out, the water circulation back boiler after steam-condensation with the fluid from cold-water return pipe in vapor-water heat exchanger.
Described system comprises hot water feeding pipe, cold-water return pipe, control valve, leaving water temperature sensors, heat exchanger, Programmable Logic Controller further, and described vapor-water heat exchanger connects hot water feeding pipe and cold-water return pipe, and hot water feeding pipe is connected with heat exchanger.
Heat exchanger is connected with heat user feed pipe and heat user return pipe, heat user radiator is connected between heat user feed pipe and heat user return pipe, the water of heat user return pipe carries out indirect heat exchange by the hot water provided with the heating plant in heat exchanger, and then is arrived in user's radiator by heat user feed pipe and heat; Described circulating pump be arranged on user's radiator and and heat exchanger between heat user return pipe on.
Extract the exhaust steam after steam turbine power generation, first with the steam that extracts in steam turbine, and then enter in vapor-water heat exchanger and carry out heat exchange.
The pipeline taking out exhaust steam arranges exhaust steam control valve, exhaust steam control valve and Programmable Logic Controller carry out data cube computation, set temperature sensor on the jet chimney of vapor-water heat exchanger entrance simultaneously, temperature sensor and Programmable Logic Controller carry out data cube computation, be used for measuring the temperature of the steam entering vapor-water heat exchanger, Programmable Logic Controller regulates the aperture of exhaust steam control valve by the inlet steam temperature of vapor-water heat exchanger, if inlet steam temperature is too high, then increase the aperture of exhaust steam control valve, if inlet steam temperature is too low, then reduce the aperture of exhaust steam control valve.
Preferably, regulate the aperture of extraction control valve and exhaust steam control valve to regulate the temperature of the steam entered in vapor-water heat exchanger simultaneously, if steam inlet temperature is too high, then increase the aperture of exhaust steam control valve, reduce the aperture of extraction control valve, if inlet steam temperature is too low, then reduce the aperture of exhaust steam control valve, increase the aperture of extraction control valve.
Preferably, heat exchanger is connected with cold-water return pipe, and cold-water return pipe arranges flowmeter, for detecting the flow of the water in cold-water return pipe; Cold-water return pipe between flowmeter and heat exchanger sets out water temperature sensor, for measuring the leaving water temperature of heat exchanger; Hot water feeding pipe arranges inflow temperature sensor, for measuring the inflow temperature of heat exchanger.
Described calorimeter and inflow temperature sensor, leaving water temperature sensors and flowmeter carry out data cube computation, and calculate the heat expended of heat user according to the flow of the inflow temperature measured, leaving water temperature and water.
Described Programmable Logic Controller and circulating pump, calorimeter and control valve carry out data cube computation, for automatically controlling co-generation unit; The data that the heat of user uses are passed to Programmable Logic Controller by calorimeter, and the heat that Programmable Logic Controller is bought according to user contrasts with the heat used at present, if heat is finished, Controlled by Programmable Controller control valve cuts out completely.
Heat user feed pipe is arranged heat user feed temperature sensor, for detecting heat user feed temperature, feed temperature sensor and Programmable Logic Controller carry out data cube computation; When Controlled by Programmable Controller control valve cuts out, water circulating pump continues to run, when the feed temperature that feed temperature sensor detects reaches certain limit and cannot use, Programmable Logic Controller progressively slows down the defeated pump of circulation and the final operation stopping water circulating pump.
A kind of co-generation unit, comprise boiler, steam turbine, generator, extraction control valve, vapor-water heat exchanger, the steam that boiler produces, by steam turbine, is then generated electricity by generator, simultaneously, from steam turbine, extract a part of steam enter vapor-water heat exchanger, carry out heat exchange with the fluid from cold-water return pipe in vapor-water heat exchanger, the water circulation back boiler after steam-condensation.
Described system comprises hot water feeding pipe further, cold-water return pipe, control valve, inflow temperature sensor, leaving water temperature sensors, heat exchanger, heat user flow pipe, heat user return pipe, user's radiator, circulating pump, flowmeter, calorimeter, Programmable Logic Controller, described vapor-water heat exchanger connects hot water feeding pipe and cold-water return pipe, hot water feeding pipe is connected with heat exchanger, hot water feeding pipe arranges control valve, for regulating the hot water amount entering heat exchanger, pipeline between control valve and heat exchanger is arranged inflow temperature sensor, for measuring the inflow temperature of heat exchanger.
Heat exchanger is connected with heat user feed pipe and heat user return pipe, heat user radiator is connected between heat user feed pipe and heat user return pipe, the water of heat user return pipe carries out indirect heat exchange by the hot water provided with the heating plant in heat exchanger, and then is arrived in user's radiator by heat user feed pipe and heat; Described circulating pump be arranged on user's radiator and and heat exchanger between heat user return pipe on.
Heat exchanger is connected with cold-water return pipe, and cold-water return pipe arranges flowmeter, for detecting the flow of the water in cold-water return pipe; Cold-water return pipe between flowmeter and heat exchanger sets out water temperature sensor, for measuring the leaving water temperature of heat exchanger.
Described calorimeter and inflow temperature sensor, leaving water temperature sensors and flowmeter carry out data cube computation, and calculate the heat expended of heat user according to the flow of the inflow temperature measured, leaving water temperature and water.
Described Programmable Logic Controller and circulating pump, calorimeter and control valve carry out data cube computation, for automatically controlling co-generation unit; The data that the heat of user uses are passed to Programmable Logic Controller by calorimeter, and the heat that Programmable Logic Controller is bought according to user contrasts with the heat used at present, if heat is finished, Controlled by Programmable Controller control valve cuts out completely.
Heat user feed pipe is arranged heat user feed temperature sensor, for detecting heat user feed temperature, feed temperature sensor and Programmable Logic Controller carry out data cube computation; When Controlled by Programmable Controller control valve cuts out, water circulating pump continues to run, when the feed temperature that feed temperature sensor detects reaches certain limit and cannot use, Programmable Logic Controller progressively slows down the defeated pump of circulation and the final operation stopping water circulating pump.
Preferably, Programmable Logic Controller calculates the remaining heat of user automatically, and when user's heat surplus reaches the first data, Programmable Logic Controller adjustment control valve is to the first aperture lower than normal aperture; When user's heat surplus reaches lower than the first data second data, Programmable Logic Controller adjustment control valve is to the second aperture lower than the first aperture; When user's heat surplus reaches lower than the second data the 3rd data, Programmable Logic Controller adjustment control valve is to the 3rd aperture lower than the second aperture; When user's heat surplus reaches lower than the 3rd data the 4th data, Programmable Logic Controller adjustment control valve is to the 4th aperture lower than the 3rd aperture; When user's heat surplus reaches lower than the 4th data the 5th data, Programmable Logic Controller adjustment control valve is to the 5th aperture lower than the 4th aperture; When user's heat surplus reaches lower than the 5th data the 6th data, Programmable Logic Controller adjustment control valve is to the 6th aperture lower than the 5th aperture; Last when user's heat surplus reaches close to zero, Programmable Logic Controller adjustment control valve cuts out completely.
A kind of co-generation unit, comprise boiler, steam turbine, generator, vapor-water heat exchanger, the steam that boiler produces, by steam turbine, is then generated electricity by generator, simultaneously, from steam turbine, extract a part of steam enter vapor-water heat exchanger, carry out heat exchange with the water from cold-water return pipe in vapor-water heat exchanger, after water heating, enter hot water feeding pipe, hot water feeding pipe is connected with heat exchanger, and the water in radiator return pipe enters in heat exchanger and heats.
Hot water feeding pipe arranges control valve, to regulate the hot water entered in heat exchanger.
The water return pipeline of radiator arranges circulating pump, and Programmable Logic Controller and control valve and circulating pump carry out data cube computation, and when the change of frequency of circulating pump, the aperture of control valve changes accordingly, thus the hot water of input heat exchanger is changed accordingly.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following advantage to co-generation unit:
1) provide a kind of new heat sink format, the space surrounded by the outside fin of user's radiator is reduced gradually along the circulating direction of extraneous air, to increase the chimney effect that fin is formed.
2) according to the temperature of heating, extracted steam from turbine is controlled automatically.
3) according to the temperature of mixing to exhaust steam and or the amount of drawing gas of steam automatically control.
4) the invention provides a kind of heating system that can carry out heat control newly, buy heat by user oneself, once heat is finished, then automatically stop heating.
5) after stopping heating; water pump; maintain original state to continue to run; the feed temperature of heat user is detected by Programmable Logic Controller; when feed temperature is reduced to certain limit and cannot uses; Programmable Logic Controller triggers halt command, slows down circulating pump and final shutdown by subtracting. and this operation mainly when heat user network is larger, makes full use of the waste heat in system pipeline.
6) buy in heat is about to be finished user, system carrys out reminding user by progressively reducing heating amount, and user is bought in time.
7) the present invention is by test of many times, devise different tube diameters, differing heights, angle fin test, thus obtain an optimum fin optimum results, and verified by test, thus demonstrate the accuracy of result.
8) carry out test of many times to the space surrounded of outside fin to design, drawn the trend that the curve of outside fin is parabola shaped, reach optimum chimney effect.
9) have developed new radiator base tube and the material of fin, strengthen heat transfer.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of co-generation unit of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is another schematic diagram of co-generation unit of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of user's radiator of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the cross sectional representation of finned tube.
Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of Fig. 4 from the embodiment of viewed from left side.
Fig. 6 is that Fig. 4 is from the embodiment schematic diagram optimized of viewed from left side.
Reference numeral is as follows: 1 boiler, 2 steam turbines, 3 generators, 4 extraction control valves, 5 exhaust steam control valves, 6 vapor-water heat exchangers, 7 hot water feeding pipes, 8 cold-water return pipes, 9 control valves, 10 flowmeters, 11 inflow temperature sensors, 12 leaving water temperature sensors, 13 heat exchangers, 14 heat user feed pipes, 15 heat user return pipes, 16 circulating pumps, 17 calorimeters, 18 Programmable Logic Controllers, 19 real operation interfaces, 20 upper headers, the part of fin is not had in 21 base tubes, 22 finned tubes, 23 lower collector pipe, 24 base tubes, 25 first fins, 26 gaps, 27 first braces, 28 second fins, 29 the 4th fins, 30 the 3rd fins, 31 second braces.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the specific embodiment of the present invention is described in detail.
As shown in Figure 1-2, a kind of co-generation unit comprises extract system, heat-exchange system and cooling system, wherein carry out heat exchange by vapor-water heat exchanger 6 between extract system with heat-exchange system to associate, between heat-exchange system and cooling system, carry out heat exchange connection by heat exchanger 13.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of co-generation unit of cogeneration of heat and power, described co-generation unit comprises boiler 1, steam turbine 2, generator 3, extraction control valve 4, vapor-water heat exchanger 6, described vapor-water heat exchanger 6 connects hot water feeding pipe 7 and cold-water return pipe 8, steam in cold water and vapor-water heat exchanger 6 carries out heat exchange, produces hot water.The steam that boiler 1 produces is by steam turbine 2, then generated electricity by generator 3, meanwhile, from steam turbine 2, extract a part of steam enter heat exchanger 6, heat exchange is carried out, the water circulation back boiler 1 after steam-condensation with the fluid from cold-water return pipe 8 in heat exchanger 6.
Preferably, vapor-water heat exchanger 6 is shell-and-tube heat exchanger.
As shown in Figure 1, described system comprises hot water feeding pipe 7 further, cold-water return pipe 8, control valve 9, inflow temperature sensor 11, leaving water temperature sensors 12, heat exchanger 13, heat user flow pipe 14, heat user return pipe 15, user's radiator, circulating pump 16, flowmeter 10, calorimeter 17, Programmable Logic Controller 18, described hot water feeding pipe 7 is connected with heat exchanger 13, hot water feeding pipe 7 arranges control valve 9, for regulating the flow of the hot water entering heat exchanger 13, pipeline between control valve 9 and heat exchanger 13 is arranged inflow temperature sensor 11, for measuring the inflow temperature of heat exchanger 13.
Heat exchanger 13 is connected with heat user feed pipe 14 and heat user return pipe 15, heat user radiator (see Fig. 2) is connected between heat user feed pipe 14 and heat user return pipe 15, the water of heat user return pipe 15 carries out heat exchange by the hot water provided with the steam-water heat exchanger in heat exchanger 13, and then is arrived in user's radiator by heat user feed pipe 14 and heat; Described circulating pump 16 is arranged on heat user return pipe 15.
Heat exchanger 13 is connected with cold-water return pipe 8, and cold-water return pipe 8 arranges flowmeter 10, for detecting the flow of the water in cold-water return pipe 8; Cold-water return pipe 8 between flowmeter 10 and heat exchanger 13 sets out water temperature sensor, for measuring the leaving water temperature of heat exchanger 13.
Described calorimeter 17 carries out data cube computation with inflow temperature sensor 11, leaving water temperature sensors 12 and flowmeter 10, and calculates the heat expended of heat user according to the flow of the inflow temperature measured, leaving water temperature and water.
Described Programmable Logic Controller 18 carries out data cube computation, for automatically controlling co-generation unit with circulating pump 16, calorimeter 17 and control valve 10; The data that the heat of user uses are passed to Programmable Logic Controller 18 by calorimeter 17, the heat that Programmable Logic Controller 18 is bought according to user contrasts with the heat used at present, if heat is finished, Programmable Logic Controller 18 controls to adjust valve and closes completely.
Heat user feed pipe is arranged heat user feed temperature sensor (not shown), for detecting heat user feed temperature, feed temperature sensor and Programmable Logic Controller carry out data cube computation; When Controlled by Programmable Controller control valve cuts out, water circulating pump continues to run, when the feed temperature that feed temperature sensor detects reaches certain limit and cannot use, Programmable Logic Controller progressively slows down the defeated pump of circulation and the final operation stopping water circulating pump.
Circulating pump is not shut down; maintain original state to continue to run; the feed temperature of heat user is detected by Programmable Logic Controller; when feed temperature is reduced to certain limit and cannot uses; Programmable Logic Controller triggers halt command; circulating pump is slowed down and final shutdown by subtracting. this operation mainly when heat user network is larger, makes full use of the waste heat in system pipeline as far as possible.
Above-mentioned co-generation unit can also comprise display operating panel, and real operation panel class can be used for user to carry out inquiring about, paying the fees operations such as buying heat.
Calorimeter can be real-time by user use heat be supplied to Programmable Logic Controller, also can provide according to the regular hour, such as every day carries out lump-sum settlement.
Programmable Logic Controller calculates the remaining heat of user automatically, and when user's heat surplus reaches the first data, Programmable Logic Controller adjustment control valve is to the first aperture lower than normal aperture; When user's heat surplus reaches lower than the first data second data, Programmable Logic Controller adjustment control valve is to the second aperture lower than the first aperture; When user's heat surplus reaches lower than the second data the 3rd data, Programmable Logic Controller adjustment control valve is to the 3rd aperture lower than the second aperture; When user's heat surplus reaches lower than the 3rd data the 4th data, Programmable Logic Controller adjustment control valve is to the 4th aperture lower than the 3rd aperture; When user's heat surplus reaches lower than the 4th data the 5th data, Programmable Logic Controller adjustment control valve is to the 5th aperture lower than the 4th aperture; When user's heat surplus reaches lower than the 5th data the 6th data, Programmable Logic Controller adjustment control valve is to the 6th aperture lower than the 5th aperture; Last when user's heat surplus reaches close to zero, Programmable Logic Controller adjustment control valve cuts out completely.
Programmable Logic Controller is by the above-mentioned operation of progressively closing the operate power of control valve and reduction pump, it can be the stopping heated progressively, such user just can feel that heating amount is in decline gradually, thus its heat knowing that you buy has been closed on be finished, need to buy as early as possible.
Above-mentioned operation can complete in regular hour section, has completed such as, in several days or in the week, and such user could feel the minimizing of heating amount gradually, thus reminds him initiatively to buy heat.
Above-mentioned user operation can pass through real-time performance, thus realize without cassette heat charging administration system, achieve charge and heat supply network supplement with money without card transmission, heat user obtains the payment password obtained according to payment number after Online Payment, and supplement with money in unit operation hypervisor within a certain period of time, supplement the rear amount of money with money and password all lost efficacy, thus greatly reduce the financial risks in heat supply network charge.
Certainly, user also directly can use Web bank to carry out purchase operation by real operation panel.
Preferably, arrange control valve in extraction line between steam turbine 2 and heat exchanger 6, control valve is connected with Programmable Logic Controller eighteen data, and control valve is used for the control amount of drawing gas, meanwhile, regulate according to the inlet temperature of the heat exchanger 13 of temperature sensor 11 measurement the amount of drawing gas.If inlet temperature is too high, then the corresponding minimizing amount of drawing gas, if inlet temperature is too low, then the corresponding increase amount of drawing gas.
Certainly, the amount of drawing gas of multiple notch cuttype can be set according to inlet temperature.If the first temperature of inlet temperature subnormal temperature, then the aperture of control valve reaches the first aperture higher than normal aperture, inlet temperature is lower than the second temperature of the first temperature, then the aperture of control valve reaches the second aperture higher than the first aperture, inlet temperature is lower than the 3rd temperature of the second temperature, then the aperture of control valve reaches the 3rd aperture higher than the second aperture, inlet temperature is lower than the 4th temperature of the 3rd temperature, then the aperture of control valve reaches the 4th aperture higher than the 3rd aperture, inlet temperature is lower than the 5th temperature of the 4th temperature, then the aperture of control valve reaches the 5th aperture higher than the 4th aperture, if inlet temperature is lower than the 5th temperature, then the aperture of control valve reaches the highest.
If the aperture of control valve 4 reach the highest after, inlet temperature is still lower than the 5th temperature, and now, Programmable Logic Controller can send warning, reminds whether whole system to exist and leaks or go wrong.
Certainly, if inlet temperature is too high, then the aperture that will reduce control valve accordingly reduces the amount of drawing gas.
As shown in Figure 2, as one preferably, can exhaust steam after steam turbine power generation first with the steam that extract in steam turbine 2, and then enter in heat exchanger 6 and carry out heat exchange.Such one side can make full use of the heat energy in exhaust steam in steam turbine, on the other hand because the temperature and pressure of the steam extracted in steam turbine is very high, the resistance to gentle bearing capacity of heat exchanger 6 is caused to require very high, by both mixing, the temperature and pressure of the steam entered in heat exchanger 6 can be reduced, reduce the requirement of heat exchanger performance.
As one preferably, as shown in Figure 2, control valve 5 is set in the pipeline taking out exhaust steam, control valve 5 and Programmable Logic Controller carry out data cube computation, set temperature sensor on the jet chimney of heat exchanger 6 entrance simultaneously, temperature sensor and Programmable Logic Controller carry out data cube computation, be used for measuring the temperature of the steam entering heat exchanger 6, Programmable Logic Controller regulates the aperture of control valve 5 by the inlet temperature of steam, if steam inlet temperature is too high, then increase the aperture of control valve 5, if inlet steam temperature is too low, then reduce the aperture of control valve 5.
As one preferably, the aperture of control valve 4 and 5 can be regulated to regulate the temperature of the steam entered in heat exchanger 6 simultaneously.If steam inlet temperature is too high, then increase the aperture of control valve 5, reduce the aperture of control valve 4, if inlet steam temperature is too low, then reduce the aperture of control valve 5, increase the aperture of control valve 4.
As one preferably, described Programmable Logic Controller 18 carries out data cube computation with control valve 9, when radiator circulating pump 16 because the heat consumption of user is complete or be about to consumption complete and cause aperture to change time, now, Programmable Logic Controller 18 regulates the aperture of control valve 9 automatically according to the frequency of circulating pump 16, thus the hot water of input heat exchanger 13 is changed accordingly, such as, corresponding minimizing, with economize energy.
Certainly, present invention also offers a kind of radiator, this kind of radiator can be protected as independent radiator product.
Described heat user radiator is finned tubular radiator, comprise upper header 20, lower collector pipe 23 and be connected the finned tube 22 of upper header 20 and lower collector pipe 23, described finned tube 22 comprises circular base tube 24 and the first fin 25, second fin 28, first fin 25 and the second fin 28 are arranged on the outside of base tube 24 and the extended line of the first fin 25 and the second fin 28 intersects at the central axis of the base tube at the place, the center of circle of base tube 26, and the first fin 25 and the second fin 28 are along the first plane B specular by base tube central axis; Described finned tube comprises the 3rd fin 30 and the 4th fin 29, described 3rd fin 30, the 4th fin 29 along the second plane C respectively with the first fin 25 and the second fin 28 specular, described second plane C is vertical with the first plane B and through the central axis of base tube 24; Between described first fin 25 and the second fin 28, first brace 27 is set, the second brace 31, first brace 27 is set between described 3rd fin 30 and the 4th fin 33 and the second brace 31 is circular arc type metallic plate; The central axis of described circular arc-shaped metal plate and the central axes of base tube 24; Described base tube is straight tube, and the central axis of described adjacent base tube is parallel to each other.
Preferably, the first fin of adjacent base tube is parallel to each other, represents that the second fin of adjacent base tube is also parallel to each other, and in like manner, the 3rd fin, the 4th fin are also parallel to each other.This feature shows that finned tube arranges according to equidirectional.
It is to be understood that as shown in Figure 3, the central axis of base tube is exactly the line that the set of centre point on the cross section of base tube 24 is formed, and the central axis of circular arc-shaped metal plate is exactly the line that the set of the centre point of circular arc-shaped metal plate on cross section is formed.The central axis of described circular arc-shaped metal plate and the central axes of base tube 18 just refer on cross section, and circular arc-shaped metal plate and base tube are concentric circles.
Preferably, the size of all finned tubes is all identical.
By above-mentioned setting, make to form a gap 26 between fin and brace, when heat convection, gap 26 just defines a kind of chimney effect, can strengthen heat exchange.
3rd fin and the 4th fin of the first fin, the second fin and adjacent fins pipe form space, and this space forms certain space, can form chimney effect, add strong convection, augmentation of heat transfer.
Angle between described first fin and the second fin is A, and the length of the first fin and the second fin is L, and the outer radius of base tube is R, and certainly, because specular, the length of the 3rd fin and the 4th fin is also L naturally.But find in practice, in heat transfer process, if fin angle is too small, then heat exchange can be hindered, because the words that fin angle is too small, cause the first fin, the distance of the second fin is too near, then temperature boundary layer in closed area along with the direction of base tube height starts overlap, gas temperature moves closer to heat close to tube wall temperature saturated, flow resistance increases, finally worsen heat exchange on the contrary, the advantage of outer fin plays not out, same reason, along with the constantly increase of angle, make the distance of brace distance base tube original nearer, make temperature boundary layer equally in closed area along with the direction of base tube height starting overlap, gas temperature moves closer to heat close to tube wall temperature saturated, flow resistance increases, finally worsen heat exchange on the contrary, therefore angle has an optimum value.
For finned length, if oversize, even if then because the heat of base tube cannot arrive the end of fin in time or be effective also not obvious, if too short, then expand heat exchange area too little, cannot reach a good heat transfer effect, therefore the height of fin also has an optimum value.
For the distance between two finned tubes, if first distance is too near or completely close, then the space (see Fig. 3) of the spacing of the brace of two finned tubes is too little, then air cannot enter the space formed between finned tube by the gap between fin, heat exchange now can only rely on and enter air bottom radiator, good heat convection effect cannot be reached, same reason, if the distance is too far, then the one the second the 3 4th fins of finned tube cannot form the space of effective chimney effect, thus cause heat transfer effect to be deteriorated, therefore a suitable numerical value is also needed for the distance between two finned tubes.
As shown in Figure 4, for fin along base tube height H axially, also need to have a suitable numerical value, if fin height is too high, then on the top of fin, because boundary layer in closed area along with the direction of base tube height starts overlap, cause the deterioration of heat exchange, in like manner, highly too low, then heat exchange does not give full play to, thus affects heat transfer effect.
Therefore, the present invention is the size relationship of the finned tube of the radiator of the best summed up by the test data of the radiator of multiple different size.Because finned tube also has included angle A, these three variablees of finned length L, fin height H, therefore, introduce two characteristic sin (A/2), L/R, H/R, R is the radius of base tube here, from the heat dissipation capacity maximum in heat transfer effect, calculate nearly 200 kinds of forms.Described size relationship is as follows:
Angle between described first fin and the second fin is A, and the length of the first fin and the second fin is L, and the outer radius of base tube is R, and along base tube fin height H axially, the relation of above-mentioned four meets following formula:
Sin(A/2)=a×(L/R)
2+b×(L/R)+c
H/(R×10)= e×Sin(A/2)
2-f×Sin(A/2)+h
Wherein, A unit is angle, 60 ° of <A<110 °,
L is of a size of mm, 12mm<L<80mm,
The unit of R is mm, 10mm<R<80mm,
The unit of H is mm, 800mm<R<1200mm,
A, b, c, e, f, h are coefficient, and the scope of the scope of the scope of a to be the scope of 0.04-0.042, b be 0.266-0.28, c to be the scope of 0.36-0.37, e be 21-23, f is 44-45, h is 23-25.
By testing after result of calculation, by the numerical value of computation bound and median, the result of gained matches with formula substantially, and error is substantially within 4%, and maximum relative error is no more than 6%, and mean error is 2% again.
The optimum of coefficient optimization is: a is 0.0412, b be 0.02715, c be 0.03628, e be 22, f be 44.37, h is 23.86.
Preferably, the distance between adjacent base tube central axis is S=d × (L+R) × sin (A/2), and wherein d is 1.1-1.2.
As shown in Figure 3, the distance between adjacent base tube central axis is exactly the distance on cross section between two base tube centers of circle.
The optimum results of d is 1.118.
As one preferably, described heat exchanger 13 is heat-exchangers of the plate type.
As one preferably, as shown in Figure 5,6, the first fin of described radiator and the fin height of the second fin diminish from the bottom of user's radiator gradually to top.By such setting, can make in the flow process of air in the space of fin, gap 26 area is more and more less, thus makes its flow velocity more and more faster, and chimney effect is more and more obvious, thus strengthens heat exchange.
As one preferably, the amplitude that the first fin of described radiator and the fin height of the second fin diminish from the bottom of user's radiator gradually to top is more and more lower.Experiment proves, in radiator, by such setting, the amplitude that heat transfer effect will obviously be better than changing is constant or become large situation gradually.
As one preferably, the first fin of described radiator and the fin height of the second fin are parabolic structure from the bottom of user's radiator to top.This set is that the change of fin serves fairshaped effect, reaches best heat transfer effect, simultaneously because extend a part outside bottom, makes more air enter gap.
For two kinds of situations of Fig. 5 and Fig. 6, the fin of radiator still can adopt the angle between described first fin and the second fin to be A, the length of the first fin and the second fin is L, the outer radius of base tube is R, along the formula that base tube fin height H axially meets, but consideration ease of processing, in the height direction finned tube can be divided into a few part, every part takes average fin height H, but length L remains unchanged, adopt the mode of total length, determine included angle A by average fin height.
Directly can certainly will adopt average fin height, calculate an angle, the height angle along fin remains unchanged.
Certainly, in particular cases, because the difficulty manufactured, fin also not necessarily have to meet the optimization formula of above-mentioned several parameters, also can be set to the mode being convenient to manufacture, such as shown in Figure 6, fin is the mode of straight line, remain unchanged highly always, but the distance in the center of circle of circular arc closure plate distance finned tube base tube, and the height along base tube constantly reduces.
As preferably, the distance in the center of circle of circular arc closure plate distance finned tube base tube, in short transverse, the streamlined change of parabolically formula, simultaneously because extend a part outside bottom, makes more air enter gap.
Certainly, the embodiment of Fig. 6, also can meet the formula of above-mentioned optimization, but manufactures cumbersome.
The material preferably aluminium alloy of base tube and fin, the mass percent of the component of described aluminium alloy is as follows: 1.4%Cu, 2.8%Mg, 3.2%Ag, 1.2%Mn, 0.42%Zr, 0.15%Fe, 1.18%Ti, 18.38%Si, 0.4%Cr, 1.1%Ni, and all the other are Al.
The manufacture method of aluminium alloy is: adopt vacuum metallurgy melting, and argon for protecting pouring becomes circle base, through 600 DEG C of Homogenization Treatments, at 400 DEG C, adopts and is hot extruded into bar, and then after 580 DEG C of solution hardening, carry out artificial aging process at 200 DEG C.Thermal conductivity factor for be greater than 250W/ (m*k) at 50-70 DEG C of temperature.
Although the present invention discloses as above with preferred embodiment, the present invention is not defined in this.Any those skilled in the art, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, all can make various changes or modifications, and therefore protection scope of the present invention should be as the criterion with claim limited range.
Claims (5)
1. a co-generation unit, comprise boiler, steam turbine, generator, vapor-water heat exchanger, the steam that boiler produces, by steam turbine, is then generated electricity by generator, simultaneously, from steam turbine, extract a part of steam enter vapor-water heat exchanger, carry out heat exchange with the water from cold-water return pipe in vapor-water heat exchanger, after water heating, enter hot water feeding pipe, hot water feeding pipe is connected with heat exchanger, and the water in radiator return pipe enters in heat exchanger and heats;
Hot water feeding pipe arranges control valve, to regulate the hot water entered in heat exchanger;
The water return pipeline of radiator arranges circulating pump, and Programmable Logic Controller and control valve and circulating pump carry out data cube computation, and when the change of frequency of circulating pump, the aperture of control valve changes accordingly, thus the hot water of input heat exchanger is changed accordingly.
2. co-generation unit as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described system comprises hot water feeding pipe further, cold-water return pipe, control valve, inflow temperature sensor, leaving water temperature sensors, heat exchanger, heat user flow pipe, heat user return pipe, user's radiator, circulating pump, flowmeter, calorimeter, Programmable Logic Controller, described vapor-water heat exchanger connects hot water feeding pipe and cold-water return pipe, hot water feeding pipe is connected with heat exchanger, hot water feeding pipe arranges control valve, for regulating the hot water amount entering heat exchanger, pipeline between control valve and heat exchanger is arranged inflow temperature sensor, for measuring the inflow temperature of heat exchanger,
Heat exchanger is connected with heat user feed pipe and heat user return pipe, heat user radiator is connected between heat user feed pipe and heat user return pipe, the water of heat user return pipe carries out indirect heat exchange by the hot water provided with the heating plant in heat exchanger, and then is arrived in user's radiator by heat user feed pipe and heat; Described circulating pump be arranged on user's radiator and and heat exchanger between heat user return pipe on;
Heat exchanger is connected with cold-water return pipe, and cold-water return pipe arranges flowmeter, for detecting the flow of the water in cold-water return pipe; Cold-water return pipe between flowmeter and heat exchanger sets out water temperature sensor, for measuring the leaving water temperature of heat exchanger;
Described calorimeter and inflow temperature sensor, leaving water temperature sensors and flowmeter carry out data cube computation, and calculate the heat expended of heat user according to the flow of the inflow temperature measured, leaving water temperature and water;
Described Programmable Logic Controller and circulating pump, calorimeter and control valve carry out data cube computation, for automatically controlling co-generation unit; The data that the heat of user uses are passed to Programmable Logic Controller by calorimeter, and the heat that Programmable Logic Controller is bought according to user contrasts with the heat used at present, if heat is finished, Controlled by Programmable Controller control valve cuts out completely;
Heat user feed pipe is arranged heat user feed temperature sensor, for detecting heat user feed temperature, feed temperature sensor and Programmable Logic Controller carry out data cube computation; When Controlled by Programmable Controller control valve cuts out, water circulating pump continues to run, when the feed temperature that feed temperature sensor detects reaches certain limit and cannot use, Programmable Logic Controller progressively slows down the defeated pump of circulation and the final operation stopping water circulating pump.
3. co-generation unit as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that, Programmable Logic Controller calculates the remaining heat of user automatically, and when user's heat surplus reaches the first data, Programmable Logic Controller adjustment control valve is to the first aperture lower than normal aperture; When user's heat surplus reaches lower than the first data second data, Programmable Logic Controller adjustment control valve is to the second aperture lower than the first aperture; When user's heat surplus reaches lower than the second data the 3rd data, Programmable Logic Controller adjustment control valve is to the 3rd aperture lower than the second aperture; When user's heat surplus reaches lower than the 3rd data the 4th data, Programmable Logic Controller adjustment control valve is to the 4th aperture lower than the 3rd aperture; When user's heat surplus reaches lower than the 4th data the 5th data, Programmable Logic Controller adjustment control valve is to the 5th aperture lower than the 4th aperture; When user's heat surplus reaches lower than the 5th data the 6th data, Programmable Logic Controller adjustment control valve is to the 6th aperture lower than the 5th aperture; Last when user's heat surplus reaches close to zero, Programmable Logic Controller adjustment control valve cuts out completely.
4. co-generation unit as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that, described user's radiator comprises base tube and outside fin, described outside fin is enclosed outside fin, described enclosed outside fin comprises the closure plate of fin and closed fin, from base tube bottom to the top of base tube, close fin pitch from base tube distance more and more close to.
5. co-generation unit as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that the distance of closed fin pitch from base tube, the amplitude that bottom diminishes gradually to top is more and more lower.
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| CN201510116044.5A CN104864443B (en) | 2014-04-14 | 2014-04-14 | A kind of co-generation unit of energy-conserving and environment-protective |
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| CN201410147535.1A CN103939979B (en) | 2014-04-14 | 2014-04-14 | Heat radiator and combined heat and power generation system including same |
| CN201510116044.5A CN104864443B (en) | 2014-04-14 | 2014-04-14 | A kind of co-generation unit of energy-conserving and environment-protective |
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| CN201510116025.2A Expired - Fee Related CN104791899B (en) | 2014-04-14 | 2014-04-14 | A kind of cogeneration of heat and power heating system |
| CN201510116045.XA Expired - Fee Related CN104864446B (en) | 2014-04-14 | 2014-04-14 | A kind of co-generation unit making full use of pipeline waste heat |
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| CN104864443B (en) | 2016-12-07 |
| CN104864446B (en) | 2016-12-07 |
| CN104864446A (en) | 2015-08-26 |
| CN103939979B (en) | 2015-04-08 |
| CN104791899A (en) | 2015-07-22 |
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| CN103939979A (en) | 2014-07-23 |
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