CN104862495A - Clean production method for gold extraction by cyanidation - Google Patents
Clean production method for gold extraction by cyanidation Download PDFInfo
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- CN104862495A CN104862495A CN201510305095.2A CN201510305095A CN104862495A CN 104862495 A CN104862495 A CN 104862495A CN 201510305095 A CN201510305095 A CN 201510305095A CN 104862495 A CN104862495 A CN 104862495A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
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Abstract
The invention discloses a clean production method for gold extraction by cyanidation. The method comprises the following steps: transferring the substances such as cyanide-bearing tailing pulp, cyanide in tailings, heavy metal, gold and silver generated by a gold extraction process by cyanidation into washing liquid in a washing manner; concentrating the washing liquid by a membrane method, returning effluent to a cyanidation tailing pulp or tailings washing process to recycle; entering concentrated liquid into a mineral processing process without discharging wastewater, wherein the treated pulp and pressed and filtered tailings do not belong to hazardous wastes; no secondary pollution is generated in a tailings pond storage process; the treated pulp and pressed and filtered tailings can be directly subjected to comprehensive utilization. According to the method, the problem that the wastewater can be discharged to reach water balance of the overall system in a traditional pulp washing process is solved; meanwhile, the amount of an ore dressing cyanide can be reduced; the recovery rate of heavy metals such as gold and silver is increased.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Mining Environment Conservation and process for comprehensively treating field, relate to a kind of cyanidation gold-extracted clean preparation method, the sludge containing cyanogens that Cyanide Process produces by the method, prussiate in tailings, heavy metal, gold, the materials such as silver are transferred in washings by washing, washings is after embrane method is concentrated, water outlet returns cyaniding tailing slurry or tailings washing process recycles, concentrated solution enters into ore-dressing technique, must efflux wastewater, ore pulp or the tailings after pressing worry do not belong to Hazardous wastes after treatment, secondary pollution can not be produced in tailings reservoir for piling process, can directly fully utilize.This method solving traditional ore pulp washing process to reach the problem of the necessary efflux wastewater of whole system water balance, ore dressing prussiate consumption can be saved simultaneously, improving the heavy metal recovery rates such as gold and silver.
Background technology
In the cyanidation gold-extracted process of gold industry, produce a large amount of cyaniding tailing slurries and cyanidation tailings, cyaniding tailing slurry or after press filtration dry mine tailing in tailings reservoir for piling process, still can discharge prussiate, thiocyanate-, arsenic, heavy metal, cause prussiate, thiocyanate-, arsenic, heavy metals exceeding standard in Tailings Dam exterior liquid, make Tailings Dam there is potential safety hazard, rainy season this potential safety hazard especially serious.The destructiveness that Tailings Dam has an accident is comparatively large, and therefore country is classified as the harm of Tailings Dam in the prostatitis of various disaster.In recent years, Tailings Dam dam-break accident frequently occurs, and causes special ill effect socially.The accumulation of a large amount of mine tailing, not only takies a large amount of soil, also may cause impact to surrounding enviroment simultaneously.How effectively to utilize this kind of secondary resource, become the problem that mine environmental worker need solve.Tailings impoundment is a kind of waste of resource from saying to a great extent.Compose the resource of depositing in China's mill tailings very considerable, utility value is very large.Along with the raising of technique of preparing level and the day by day nervous of Mineral resources, mine tailing has become the secondary resource that can develop.
Along with the enforcement of " new environmental law " and the propelling of People's Republic of China's environment protection tax legistration work; it is innoxious that the handling object of gold mine environmental protection will transfer to Tailings Slurry from waste water; transfer to cleaner production and pollutent process control technology gradually from pollutent latter end Treatment process, cyanidation gold-extracted clearer production technology becomes one of gold mine green technology developing direction.
At present, the control of domestic and international gold industry mine tailing mainly concentrates on comprehensive utilization of tailing aspect, lay particular emphasis on the recycling of valuable constituent in mine tailing, still have the valuable metal elements such as callable gold and silver, copper, lead, zinc, iron in cyaniding tailing, the method for comprehensively recovering valuable metal element has flotation, gravity treatment, magnetic separation etc.Mine tailing pretreatment process comprises the various methods such as catalyzed oxidation, Magnetization reductive roasting, chlorination process separation.Except containing except some valuable metal elements in mine tailing, also containing available mineral material, mainly contain aluminium silicate mineral and the calcium carbonate and magnesium carbonate such as calcite, the rhombspar mineral such as quartz, feldspar, pyroxene, garnet, hornblende and alteration clay, mica.Can be widely used in the fields such as building materials, light industry, inorganic chemical industry, material of construction can be produced, produce glass, produce fertilizer, make filling in mine thing, pave the way, answer field, re-vegetation and set up ecotope.
Comprehensive utilization mine tailing is the important measures realizing mining production anury, improve Utilization Rate of Mineral Resources and guarantee Mine Safety in Production, but the problem of environmental pollution just when fully utilizing mine tailing must paid attention to and solve in comprehensive utilization process, i.e. " innoxious " process.This is construction Green Mine, development Green Mine, and realizing the precondition of Mineral resources " full recovery, zero release ", is also the prerequisite that China's mining development is optimized in environment protection.Otherwise the secondary environmental pollution consequence caused is hardly imaginable.
The material such as prussiate, gold and silver contained in cyaniding tailing slurry, tailings enters environment and can damage physical environment, if but be used, not only can avoid contaminate environment, also can produce considerable economic benefit.Method of the present invention must efflux wastewater, after treatment ore pulp or pressure consider after tailings do not belong to Hazardous wastes, can not secondary pollution be produced in tailings reservoir for piling process, can directly fully utilize.This method solving traditional ore pulp washing process to reach the problem of the necessary efflux wastewater of whole system water balance, ore dressing prussiate consumption can be saved simultaneously, improving the heavy metal recovery rates such as gold and silver.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of cyanidation gold-extracted clean preparation method.
The present invention includes following steps:
(1), cyaniding tailing slurry or tailings are sized mixing: first this step needs to regulate ore pulp mass concentration, the method regulated adds fresh water when ore pulp mass concentration is higher, clear liquid is discharged by concentrated when ore pulp mass concentration is lower, pulp density is made to be adjusted to suitable mass concentration, for the ore pulp washing of lower step is prepared; The supernatant liquor that slurry concentrating is discharged directly or after treatment returns ore-dressing technique reuse, also can enter embrane method process and concentrate; The most applicable mass concentration of ore pulp is relevant to mineral composition and character, and its principle improves ore pulp mass concentration, but ensures that ore pulp keeps fluid state, and to follow-up corresponding washing methods fit.
(2), ore pulp washing: this step is washed by ore pulp, makes soluble pollutants and recyclable valuable material enter into washing water outlet, and in ore pulp, Pollutant levels washing is diluted to processing requirements, and after making press filtration, tailings does not belong to Hazardous wastes.Washing methods comprises decantation method, filtration washing method and fluidization wash method; Ore pulp after washing directly enters Tailings Dam or after carrying out press filtration, filter residue enters Tailings Dam, and filter residue also can directly fully utilize; The pressing filtering liquid that Tailings Slurry clear liquor or pressure filter produce can directly return ore-dressing technique reuse, also can enter embrane method process and concentrate; Reverse osmosis step is entered into after pre-treatment is carried out in washing water outlet.
(3) membrane pretreatment: this step removes the solid matter in film process advancing water further, meets embrane method inflow requirement; The method of solid-liquid separation comprises the method such as flocculation sediment, filtration; Throw out enters into Tailings Dam, and water outlet enters into reverse osmosis.
(4) embrane method process: after pretreatment, water enters into reverse osmosis and processes, reverse osmosis membrane selects the reverse osmosis membrane to pollution substance good separating effect, and pollution substance and recyclable valuable material enter into dope, and reverse osmosis produced water returns washing process and proceeds washing; Dope directly returns ore-dressing technique reuse or the rear reuse of process further.
Whole system does not need efflux wastewater to meet the following conditions:
If dope amount≤tailings that embrane method process washing water outlet produces contains can not ooze out the moisture vaporization losses water yield (namely whole cyanidation technology need add the new water yield) in moisture+cyanidation system operation, then cyanidation system can not produce outer draining, cyanidation system need supplement the new water yield=cyanidation technology need supplement the new water yield-embrane method process washing water outlet generation dope amount, and washing system supplements the dope amount that the new water yield=embrane method process washing water outlet produces;
If processing requirements is high, limit by embrane method concentration ratio, in moisture+cyanidation system operation that embrane method process washing water outlet generation dope amount > tailings is taken away time the moisture vaporization losses water yield (namely whole cyanidation technology need add the new water yield), system however produce outer draining, fraction pulp is then needed to concentrate ore pulp pressing filtering liquid after clear liquid or portion washes, clear liquor enters into membrane treatment process, film process liquid measure meets: before and after concentrated, minimizing liquid measure=cyanidation technology need supplement the new water yield-embrane method process washing water outlet and produce dope amount, film process water outlet simultaneously enters into washing system.Washing system supplements the dope amount that the new water yield=embrane method process washing water outlet produces.
Innovative point of the present invention:
One is can realize balance and the recycle of washing water by washing ore pulp and embrane method to the associating that washings concentrates, and significantly can improve wash ratio, its objective is that to realize cyaniding tailing slurry innoxious, cyanidation tailings does not belong to Hazardous wastes;
Two is provide whole Cyanide Process water balance formula for different treatment requirement and the concentrated dope amount that produces of embrane method, and whole system need meet the following conditions without efflux wastewater:
If dope amount≤tailings that embrane method process washing water outlet produces contains can not ooze out the moisture vaporization losses water yield (namely whole cyanidation technology need add the new water yield) in moisture+cyanidation system operation, then cyanidation system can not produce outer draining, cyanidation system need supplement the new water yield=cyanidation technology need supplement the new water yield-embrane method process washing water outlet generation dope amount, and washing system supplements the dope amount that the new water yield=embrane method process washing water outlet produces;
If processing requirements is high, limit by embrane method concentration ratio, in moisture+cyanidation system operation that embrane method process washing water outlet generation dope amount > tailings is taken away time the moisture vaporization losses water yield (namely whole cyanidation technology need add the new water yield), system does not produce outer draining, fraction pulp is then needed to concentrate ore pulp pressing filtering liquid after clear liquid or portion washes, clear liquor enters into membrane treatment process, film process liquid measure meets: before and after concentrated, minimizing liquid measure=cyanidation technology need supplement the new water yield-embrane method process washing water outlet and produce dope amount, film process water outlet simultaneously enters into washing system.Washing system supplements the dope amount that the new water yield=embrane method process washing water outlet produces.
Three is that the pollutent of present method to all solvable kinds all has good treatment effect, especially can process difficult pollutents such as iron (ferrous iron) prussiates simultaneously, realize tailings innoxious while, reuse prussiate, improve recovery of gold and silver.The dry heap tailings that the method also can be used for tailings reservoir for piling size mixing after harmless treatment.
Ore pulp washing method all has good treatment effect to all soluble pollutants, and especially to iron (ferrous iron) prussiate and hardly degraded organic substance, present method can realize difficult pollutent simultaneously and remove from ore pulp and tailings.The materials such as prussiate enter environment can cause environmental pollution, but returns ore-dressing technique and can save prussiate usage quantity, improves prussiate utilization ratio, and gold and silver etc. return ore-dressing technique with dope simultaneously, improve recovery of gold and silver, can produce good economic benefit.Present method is easy and simple to handle, need not add cyanid chemical agent, running cost is low.Therefore Cyanide Process clean preparation method of the present invention is adopted to have good environment, economic and social benefit.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
1, can process multiple pollutant, energy removal heavy metal cyano complex, treatment effect is good simultaneously;
2, the prussiate contained in cyaniding tailing slurry, tailings, gold and silver, copper etc. are reclaimed;
4, process water recycle, does not produce outer draining simultaneously;
5, present method easy and simple to handle, cyanid chemical agent need not be added, running cost is low;
6, after present method process, cyaniding tailing slurry filter-press residues is Ordinary solid waste, can store up at Safety of Tailings Dam or directly fully utilize;
7, present approach reduces Tailings Dam and there is potential safety hazard, greatly can reduce the destructiveness that Tailings Dam has an accident.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1-small-scale test
Get the concentrated rear cyaniding tailing slurry in certain mine and do Tailings Slurry washing test, get 10L Tailings Slurry and be placed in diameter 100mm, in high 1500mm synthetic glass post, ore pulp height is 1274mm, and ore pulp mass concentration is 30%, density 1.27g/cm
3, after the abundant sedimentation 5h of ore pulp, mud moisture interface is almost unchanged, after taking out supernatant liquid, adds distilled water to stoste face, sedimentation again after stirring, and repeatedly wash four times altogether, settling test significant parameter sees the following form 1.After getting each sedimentation, clear liquid carries out assay, and main pollutant consistence is in table 2.
Table 1 washing parameter
Table 2 washing parameter
From above result, each contamination with wash thing extension rate is about 4.0, and sharing washing water 28L, is 2.8 with raw pulp volume ratio, is 9.3 with concentrated rear pulp volume ratio.Carry out assay by after all clear liquid mixing, main pollutant consistence is in table 3.Washing clear liquid mixed solution is adopted to carry out reverse-osmosis treated, washing clear liquid mixed solution total amount 35L.
Table 3 clear liquid mixed solution Pollutant levels
Reverse osmosis unit main composition is as follows: 1. raw water box: 60L PE water tank; 2. raw water pump: flow: 2m
3/ h, lift: 22m; Accurate filter: 5 cun, filtering accuracy 5 μ; Speed control by frequency variation high-pressure pump: model: G10 XKS GSFHHB; Reverse osmosis membrane: SC standard type membrane element 2 groups: SC2540f effective film area 25 inches, water production rate 2.1t/d.
Concentrate with reverse osmosis unit, reverse osmosis concentrated discharge 3L/min, reverse osmose pure-water flow 1.1 ~ 1.2L/min, dense water returns raw water box circulation, pure water enters collection water tank, concentration time 24min, and the liquid level in raw water box drains into below rising pipe, reaction terminates, and obtains pure water 28L, dense water 7L.Pure water and dense water analysis are got in reaction end.Main pollutant consistence is in table 4.
Table 4 reverse-osmosis treated effect
As seen from the above table, after concentrated, except pH, pollutent cycles of concentration is about 5.0 times, and pH is reduced to 10.7 by 10.8, changes less.Precious metal gold and silver obtain enrichment simultaneously.
After after four washings, thickening mineral slurries filters, filter residue spontaneous evaporation moisture, carry out toxicity characteristic leaching procedure to filter residue, test-results is in table 5.
Table 5 filter residue toxicity leaching experiment result
| Component | CN T | F | Cr | Cd | Ag | Cu | Zn |
| Content | 0.49 | 0.70 | 0.03L | 0.01L | 0.05 | 0.01L | 0.01L |
| Component | Pb | Ni | Cr +6 | As | PH value | Water ratio | |
| Content | 0.05L | 0.01L | 0.004L | 0.039 | 8.99 | 15.7％ |
(note: unit: mg/L, pH zero dimension)
Hazardous wastes is not belonged to according to " Hazardous wastes judging standard leaching characteristic identification " (GB 5085.3-2007) this filter residue.
From test, employing washing and concentrating combination treatment cyaniding tailing slurry, tailings are feasible, and all have good concentrated effect to principal pollutant, valuable material is recyclable, and after process, tailings does not belong to Hazardous wastes.The dense water yield produced is 7L, then dense water returns technique and can not cause whole system water yield imbalance.
Claims (1)
1. a cyanidation gold-extracted clean preparation method, the method comprises the following steps:
(1), cyaniding tailing slurry or tailings are sized mixing: first this step needs to regulate ore pulp mass concentration, the method regulated adds fresh water when ore pulp mass concentration is higher, clear liquid is discharged by concentrated when ore pulp mass concentration is lower, pulp density is made to be adjusted to suitable mass concentration, for the ore pulp washing of lower step is prepared; The supernatant liquor that slurry concentrating is discharged directly or after treatment returns ore-dressing technique reuse, also can enter embrane method process and concentrate; The most applicable mass concentration of ore pulp is relevant to mineral composition and character, and its principle improves ore pulp mass concentration, but ensures that ore pulp keeps fluid state, and to follow-up corresponding washing methods fit;
(2), ore pulp washing: this step is washed by ore pulp, makes soluble pollutants and recyclable valuable material enter into washing water outlet, and in ore pulp, Pollutant levels washing is diluted to processing requirements, and after making press filtration, tailings does not belong to Hazardous wastes; Washing methods comprises decantation method, filtration washing method and fluidization wash method; Ore pulp after washing directly enters Tailings Dam or after carrying out press filtration, filter residue enters Tailings Dam, and filter residue also can directly fully utilize; The pressing filtering liquid that Tailings Slurry clear liquor or pressure filter produce can directly return ore-dressing technique reuse, also can enter embrane method process and concentrate; Reverse osmosis step is entered into after pre-treatment is carried out in washing water outlet;
(3) membrane pretreatment: this step removes the solid matter in film process advancing water further, meets embrane method inflow requirement; The method of solid-liquid separation comprises the method such as flocculation sediment, filtration; Throw out enters into Tailings Dam, and water outlet enters into reverse osmosis;
(4) embrane method process: after pretreatment, water enters into reverse osmosis and processes, reverse osmosis membrane selects the reverse osmosis membrane to pollution substance good separating effect, and pollution substance and recyclable valuable material enter into dope, and reverse osmosis produced water returns washing process and proceeds washing; Dope directly returns ore-dressing technique reuse or the rear reuse of process further.
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Cited By (3)
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| CN108246494A (en) * | 2018-01-11 | 2018-07-06 | 江苏盐城环保科技城重金属防治研究中心 | A kind of method for detaching iron in high ferro cyanidation tailings |
| CN113102092A (en) * | 2021-03-08 | 2021-07-13 | 河南科技大学 | Method for converting red slag into lead concentrate, Turnbull blue pigment, roadbed stone and roadbed stone brick |
| CN114307317A (en) * | 2021-12-29 | 2022-04-12 | 安徽大昌矿业集团有限公司 | Process and device for concentrating micro-fine particle ore pulp of tailings of dressing plant |
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Application publication date: 20150826 |