CN104857935A - Method for performing ecological treatment on water heavy-metal pollution through microorganisms - Google Patents
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- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 6
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 241001040338 Slopeiomyces cylindrosporus Species 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000009630 liquid culture Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 18
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003911 water pollution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000013043 chemical agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005067 remediation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000195493 Cryptophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000005374 Poisoning Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000739 chronic poisoning Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000909 electrodialysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001471 micro-filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000033116 oxidation-reduction process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000572 poisoning Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000000607 poisoning effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001223 reverse osmosis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000004 severe toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 235000015170 shellfish Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000024891 symptom Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 1
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- Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
- Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了利用微生物对水体重金属污染进行生态处理的方法，所采用的技术方案是：无菌液体配制得到无菌液体培养基；G.Cylindrosporus接种到无菌液体培养基中避光培养；滤去发酵液得G.Cylindrosporus菌丝团,置于高压蒸汽灭菌锅中灭活，烘干后得到金属离子吸附剂；将放入负重物的包裹吸附剂投放到重金属污染水体中搅动回收吸附剂。本发明利用微生物液体发酵产物对重金属的强吸附作用，解决了水体中的重金属污染问题。G.Cylindrosporus发酵产物对重金属较强的吸附作用，能够有效的吸附重金属离子，然后通过后续的重金属回收工艺对重金属进行回收再利用；该方法操作简单、成本低廉快速高效，在重金属污染水域的综合治理方面具有一定的利用价值，是一种理想的水体重金属污染生态处理方式。
The invention discloses a method for ecologically treating heavy metal pollution in water by using microorganisms. The adopted technical scheme is as follows: aseptic liquid is prepared to obtain a sterile liquid culture medium; G. Cylindrosporus is inoculated into the sterile liquid culture medium for dark culture; Remove the fermentation broth to get G.Cylindrosporus mycelium, put it in a high-pressure steam sterilizer to inactivate, and get the metal ion adsorbent after drying; put the wrapped adsorbent in the heavy metal into the heavy metal polluted water body to stir and recover the adsorbent . The invention utilizes the strong adsorption of the microbial liquid fermentation product to the heavy metal to solve the problem of the heavy metal pollution in the water body. G.Cylindrosporus fermentation products have a strong adsorption effect on heavy metals, which can effectively adsorb heavy metal ions, and then recover and reuse heavy metals through the subsequent heavy metal recovery process; It has a certain utilization value in terms of governance, and is an ideal ecological treatment method for heavy metal pollution in water.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及对水体重金属污染进行生态处理的方法，具体是利用微生物对水体重金属污染进行生态处理的方法，属于环境微生物学领域。The invention relates to a method for ecologically treating heavy metal pollution in water, in particular to a method for ecologically treating heavy metal pollution in water by using microorganisms, and belongs to the field of environmental microbiology.
背景技术Background technique
重金属污染，指由铅、汞、镉、钴等重金属或其化合物造成的环境污染，主要由采矿、废气排放、污水灌溉和使用重金属制品等人为因素所致。重金属具有不易移动溶解的特性，进入生物体后不能被排出和降解，会造成慢性中毒。重金属危害程度取决于元素的种类、浓度、理化性质、存在的价态和形态。当金属元素的浓度超过某一数值时会有剧烈的毒性，致使动植物中毒，甚至死亡。Heavy metal pollution refers to environmental pollution caused by lead, mercury, cadmium, cobalt and other heavy metals or their compounds, mainly caused by human factors such as mining, exhaust gas discharge, sewage irrigation and use of heavy metal products. Heavy metals are not easy to move and dissolve, and cannot be excreted and degraded after entering the organism, which will cause chronic poisoning. The degree of harm of heavy metals depends on the type, concentration, physical and chemical properties, valence and form of the element. When the concentration of metal elements exceeds a certain value, there will be severe toxicity, causing poisoning and even death of animals and plants.
重金属在大气、水体、土壤、生物体中广泛分布，主要表现在水污染上。水中的重金属来源有工业污水和农药，而由于底泥具有过滤作用，因此往往是重金属的汇集区。当环境变化时，底泥中的重金属形态也将发生转化并释放出来造成污染。水体中的重金属，即使浓度很低，也可在藻类和底泥中积累，被鱼和贝类体表吸附，产生食物链浓缩，从而造成公害。Heavy metals are widely distributed in the atmosphere, water, soil, and organisms, and are mainly manifested in water pollution. The sources of heavy metals in water include industrial sewage and pesticides, and because the sediment has a filtering effect, it is often a collection area for heavy metals. When the environment changes, the form of heavy metals in the sediment will also be transformed and released to cause pollution. Even if the concentration of heavy metals in water is very low, they can accumulate in algae and bottom mud, be absorbed by the surface of fish and shellfish, produce food chain concentration, and cause public nuisance.
目前水污染的治理主要有三种方法：物理、化学及生物修复法。物理修复法是污水经过简单的预处理，包括吸附、离子还原、离子交换、微滤膜、反渗透、电渗析等，在湿地系统中通过物理沉淀、过滤、吸附等作用进一步去除重金属离子，虽然操作简单、成本低，但治标不治本；化学修复法是添加化学药剂或吸附剂改变水体的氧化还原电位及pH值，利用化学反应来分离、回收重金属，尽管操作简单，见效快，但需要大量投加化学药剂，成本昂贵，且易引起二次污染；生物修复法是指通过生物吸附去除水体中的重金属离子。研究发现，液体培养得到的深色有隔内生真菌G.Cylindrosporus(Gaeumannomyces cylindrosporus)的菌丝烘干研磨成粉末状时，对金属离子Pb具有极强的吸附作用，且其吸附能力与细胞表面的活性基团和静电有关，受转速、温度、pH值和吸附时间等影响(Ban Y H,Tang M,Chen H,Xu Z Y,Zhang H H,Yang Y R.2012.The response ofdark septate endophytes(DSE)to heavy metals in pure culture.PLoSONE,7(10):e47968)。然而粉末状菌丝体回收成本高且操作十分复杂，菌丝吸附时间过长会造成金属离子的解吸附，因此难以应用于实践。目前DSE完整菌丝球对重金属吸附作用的相关研究及应用方法还未见公开报道。At present, there are three main methods of water pollution control: physical, chemical and biological remediation. The physical remediation method is that the sewage undergoes simple pretreatment, including adsorption, ion reduction, ion exchange, microfiltration membrane, reverse osmosis, electrodialysis, etc., and further removes heavy metal ions through physical precipitation, filtration, and adsorption in the wetland system. The operation is simple and the cost is low, but the symptoms are not cured; the chemical repair method is to add chemical agents or adsorbents to change the oxidation-reduction potential and pH value of the water body, and use chemical reactions to separate and recover heavy metals. Although the operation is simple and the effect is quick, it requires a large amount of Dosing chemical agents is expensive and easily causes secondary pollution; bioremediation refers to the removal of heavy metal ions in water through biological adsorption. The study found that when the mycelium of the dark-colored endophytic fungus G. Cylindrosporus (Gaeumannomyces cylindrosporus) obtained from liquid culture was dried and ground into powder, it had a strong adsorption effect on metal ion Pb, and its adsorption capacity was comparable to that on the cell surface. The active groups are related to static electricity, and are affected by rotation speed, temperature, pH value and adsorption time (Ban Y H, Tang M, Chen H, Xu Z Y, Zhang H H, Yang Y R.2012. The response of dark septate endophytes (DSE) to heavy metals in pure culture. PLoSONE, 7(10):e47968). However, the recovery cost of powdered mycelium is high and the operation is very complicated. Too long mycelium adsorption time will cause the desorption of metal ions, so it is difficult to apply in practice. At present, there are no public reports on the relevant research and application methods of the adsorption of heavy metals by DSE intact mycelium balls.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是为了克服目前水污染治理方法中所存在的弊端，实现水体重金属污染的治理与金属回收，有效利用DSE菌丝体对金属离子的强吸附作用，而公开一种利用微生物对水体重金属污染进行生态处理的方法。The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the disadvantages existing in the current water pollution treatment methods, realize the treatment and metal recovery of heavy metal pollution in water, effectively utilize the strong adsorption of DSE mycelium to metal ions, and disclose a method for using microorganisms to water bodies. Methods for ecological treatment of heavy metal pollution.
本发明采用以下技术方案来实现：The present invention adopts following technical scheme to realize:
a.无菌液体培养基的配制：配制得到MMN液体培养基后，加入棉线片段，随后采用高压湿热灭菌法灭菌30min，得到无菌液体培养基；a. Preparation of sterile liquid medium: after preparing the MMN liquid medium, add cotton thread fragments, and then sterilize by autoclaving for 30 minutes to obtain a sterile liquid medium;
b.液体培养G.cylindrosporus：将G.Cylindrosporus接种到上述无菌液体培养基中，并置于转速120r/min、25℃条件下避光培养10-15天；b. Liquid culture of G. cylindrosporus: inoculate G. cylindrosporus into the above-mentioned sterile liquid medium, and culture at 120r/min and 25°C in the dark for 10-15 days;
c.制备吸附剂：培养结束后，滤去发酵液得到G.Cylindrosporus菌丝团,将获得的菌丝团用纱布包裹后置于高压蒸汽灭菌锅中灭活，自然风干或在烘箱中45-60℃烘干，得到金属离子吸附剂；c. Preparation of adsorbent: After the cultivation, filter the fermentation broth to obtain G. Cylindrosporus mycelium mass, wrap the obtained mycelium mass with gauze and put it in a high-pressure steam sterilizer to inactivate it, then air-dry it naturally or place it in an oven for 45 Dry at -60°C to obtain a metal ion adsorbent;
d.投放与回收吸附剂：将重金属污染水体的pH值调节至5，水温30℃，d. Adding and recovering adsorbent: adjust the pH value of the heavy metal polluted water to 5, the water temperature is 30°C,
将放入负重物的包裹吸附剂的纱布投放到重金属污染的水体中并搅动，搅动速度控制在135-145r/min吸附重金属，60h后回收吸附剂,用于后续的重金属回收工艺。Put the gauze wrapped in the adsorbent with the load into the heavy metal polluted water body and stir it. The stirring speed is controlled at 135-145r/min to absorb the heavy metal. After 60h, the adsorbent is recovered for the subsequent heavy metal recovery process.
本发明利用微生物液体发酵产物对重金属的强吸附作用，解决了水体中的重金属污染问题。G.Cylindrosporus发酵产物对重金属较强的吸附作用，能够有效的吸附重金属离子，然后通过后续的重金属回收工艺对重金属进行回收再利用；该方法操作简单、成本低廉、快速高效，在矿区及工业污染区等重金属污染水域的综合治理方面具有一定的利用价值，是一种理想的水体重金属污染生态处理方式。The invention utilizes the strong adsorption of the microbial liquid fermentation product to the heavy metal to solve the problem of the heavy metal pollution in the water body. G.Cylindrosporus fermentation products have a strong adsorption effect on heavy metals, which can effectively adsorb heavy metal ions, and then recover and reuse heavy metals through the subsequent heavy metal recovery process; It has a certain utilization value in the comprehensive treatment of heavy metal polluted waters such as areas, and is an ideal ecological treatment method for heavy metal pollution in water.
附图说明Description of drawings
附图1是本发明G.cylindrosporus吸附剂对重金属Pb的吸附量随温度变化的折线图。Accompanying drawing 1 is the broken line graph that the G.cylindrosporus adsorbent of the present invention changes the adsorption amount of heavy metal Pb with temperature.
附图2是本发明G.cylindrosporus吸附剂对重金属Pb的吸附量随pH值变化的折线图。Accompanying drawing 2 is the broken line graph that the G.cylindrosporus adsorbent of the present invention changes the adsorption amount of heavy metal Pb with the pH value.
附图3是本发明G.cylindrosporus吸附剂对重金属Pb的吸附量随转速变化的折线图。Accompanying drawing 3 is the broken line diagram of the adsorption capacity of the G.cylindrosporus adsorbent of the present invention to the heavy metal Pb changing with the rotating speed.
附图4是本发明G.cylindrosporus吸附剂对重金属Pb的吸附量随吸附时间变化的折线图。Accompanying drawing 4 is the broken line graph that the G.cylindrosporus adsorbent of the present invention changes the adsorption amount of heavy metal Pb with the adsorption time.
附图5是本发明以棉线作为G.cylindrosporus的附着物液体培养十天后的菌丝干重对比图。Accompanying drawing 5 is the mycelia dry weight contrast figure after ten days of the attachment liquid culture of G.cylindrosporus with cotton thread as the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
以下结合实施例及附图对本发明做进一步详细描述：Below in conjunction with embodiment and accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in further detail:
本发明的具体实施方式如下：The specific embodiment of the present invention is as follows:
a.无菌液体培养基的配制：配制得到MMN液体培养基后，加入棉线片段，随后采用高压湿热灭菌法灭菌30min，得到无菌液体培养基；a. Preparation of sterile liquid medium: after preparing the MMN liquid medium, add cotton thread fragments, and then sterilize by autoclaving for 30 minutes to obtain a sterile liquid medium;
b.液体培养G.cylindrosporus：用打孔器将G.Cylindrosporus接种到无菌MMN液体培养基中，并置于转速120r/min、25℃摇床避光培养10-15天；b. Liquid culture of G. cylindrosporus: inoculate G. cylindrosporus into sterile MMN liquid medium with a puncher, and place it on a shaking table at 120r/min at 25°C for 10-15 days in the dark;
c.制备吸附剂：培养结束后，滤去发酵液得到G.Cylindrosporus菌丝团,将获得的菌丝团用纱布包裹后置于高压蒸汽灭菌锅中灭活，自然风干或在烘箱中45℃烘干，得到金属离子吸附剂；c. Preparation of adsorbent: After the cultivation, filter the fermentation broth to obtain G. Cylindrosporus mycelium mass, wrap the obtained mycelium mass with gauze and put it in a high-pressure steam sterilizer to inactivate it, then air-dry it naturally or place it in an oven for 45 ℃ drying to obtain the metal ion adsorbent;
d.投放与回收吸附剂：将受到重金属污染的水调节至pH值5，水温30℃，向包裹吸附剂的纱布中放入负重物后投放到重金属污染的水体中并搅动，搅动速度控制在140r/min吸附重金属，60h后回收吸附剂,用于后续的重金属回收工艺。d. Adding and recovering the adsorbent: adjust the heavy metal-contaminated water to pH 5, water temperature 30°C, put a load into the gauze wrapped with the adsorbent, put it into the heavy metal-contaminated water body and agitate it. The agitation speed is controlled at 140r/min adsorbs heavy metals, and recovers the adsorbent after 60 hours for subsequent heavy metal recovery process.
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